Merge pull request #34419 from bdach/online-status-stuff

Update beatmap online statuses when the set is selected in song select

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
 
   build-only-ios:
     name: Build only (iOS)
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: macos-15
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
           dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
       - name: Install .NET Workloads
-        run: dotnet workload install ios --from-rollback-file https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ppy/osu-framework/refs/heads/master/workloads.json
+        run: dotnet workload install ios
 
       - name: Build
         run: dotnet build -c Debug osu.iOS.slnf

Directory.Build.props

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</RepositoryUrl>
     <PackageReleaseNotes>Automated release.</PackageReleaseNotes>
     <Company>ppy Pty Ltd</Company>
-    <Copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</Copyright>
+    <Copyright>Copyright (c) 2025 ppy Pty Ltd</Copyright>
     <PackageTags>osu game</PackageTags>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>

LICENCE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
+Copyright (c) 2025 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -17,5 +18,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays
             if (button.HasValue)
                 Actions.Add(button.Value);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is EmptyFreeformReplayFrame freeformFrame && Time == freeformFrame.Time && Position == freeformFrame.Position && Actions.SequenceEqual(freeformFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonReplayFrame.cs

@@ -9,5 +9,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
     public class PippidonReplayFrame : ReplayFrame
     {
         public Vector2 Position;
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is PippidonReplayFrame pippidonFrame && Time == pippidonFrame.Time && Position == pippidonFrame.Position;
     }
 }

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/Replays/EmptyScrollingReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Replays
@@ -15,5 +16,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Replays
             if (button.HasValue)
                 Actions.Add(button.Value);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is EmptyScrollingReplayFrame scrollingFrame && Time == scrollingFrame.Time && Actions.SequenceEqual(scrollingFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
@@ -15,5 +16,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
             if (button.HasValue)
                 Actions.Add(button.Value);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is PippidonReplayFrame pippidonFrame && Time == pippidonFrame.Time && Actions.SequenceEqual(pippidonFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

Templates/osu.Game.Templates.csproj

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu/blob/master/Templates</PackageProjectUrl>
     <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</RepositoryUrl>
     <PackageReleaseNotes>Automated release.</PackageReleaseNotes>
-    <copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
+    <copyright>Copyright (c) 2025 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
     <Description>Templates to use when creating a ruleset for consumption in osu!.</Description>
     <PackageTags>dotnet-new;templates;osu</PackageTags>
     <TargetFramework>netstandard2.1</TargetFramework>

osu.Android.props

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2025.604.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2025.715.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.

osu.Android/OsuGameAndroid.cs

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using Android.App;
 using Android.Content.PM;
 using Microsoft.Maui.Devices;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Development;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Game;
@@ -21,58 +23,30 @@ namespace osu.Android
         [Cached]
         private readonly OsuGameActivity gameActivity;
 
+        private readonly PackageInfo packageInfo;
+
         public override Vector2 ScalingContainerTargetDrawSize => new Vector2(1024, 1024 * DrawHeight / DrawWidth);
 
         public OsuGameAndroid(OsuGameActivity activity)
             : base(null)
         {
             gameActivity = activity;
+            packageInfo = Application.Context.ApplicationContext!.PackageManager!.GetPackageInfo(Application.Context.ApplicationContext.PackageName!, 0).AsNonNull();
         }
 
-        public override Version AssemblyVersion
+        public override string Version
         {
             get
             {
-                var packageInfo = Application.Context.ApplicationContext!.PackageManager!.GetPackageInfo(Application.Context.ApplicationContext.PackageName!, 0).AsNonNull();
+                if (!IsDeployedBuild)
+                    return @"local " + (DebugUtils.IsDebugBuild ? @"debug" : @"release");
 
-                try
-                {
-                    // We store the osu! build number in the "VersionCode" field to better support google play releases.
-                    // If we were to use the main build number, it would require a new submission each time (similar to TestFlight).
-                    // In order to do this, we should split it up and pad the numbers to still ensure sequential increase over time.
-                    //
-                    // We also need to be aware that older SDK versions store this as a 32bit int.
-                    //
-                    // Basic conversion format (as done in Fastfile): 2020.606.0 -> 202006060
-
-                    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52977079/android-sdk-28-versioncode-in-packageinfo-has-been-deprecated
-                    string versionName;
-
-                    if (OperatingSystem.IsAndroidVersionAtLeast(28))
-                    {
-                        versionName = packageInfo.LongVersionCode.ToString();
-                        // ensure we only read the trailing portion of long (the part we are interested in).
-                        versionName = versionName.Substring(versionName.Length - 9);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-                        // this is required else older SDKs will report missing method exception.
-                        versionName = packageInfo.VersionCode.ToString();
-#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-                    }
-
-                    // undo play store version garbling (as mentioned above).
-                    return new Version(int.Parse(versionName.Substring(0, 4)), int.Parse(versionName.Substring(4, 4)), int.Parse(versionName.Substring(8, 1)));
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                }
-
-                return new Version(packageInfo.VersionName.AsNonNull());
+                return packageInfo.VersionName.AsNonNull();
             }
         }
 
+        public override Version AssemblyVersion => new Version(packageInfo.VersionName.AsNonNull().Split('-').First());
+
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();

osu.Desktop/OsuGameDesktop.cs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
 
         public override bool RestartAppWhenExited()
         {
-            Task.Run(() => Velopack.UpdateExe.Start()).FireAndForget();
+            Task.Run(() => Velopack.UpdateExe.Start(waitPid: (uint)Environment.ProcessId)).FireAndForget();
             return true;
         }
 

osu.Desktop/Program.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             // IMPORTANT DON'T IGNORE: For general sanity, velopack's setup needs to run before anything else.
             // This has bitten us in the rear before (bricked updater), and although the underlying issue from
             // last time has been fixed, let's not tempt fate.
-            setupVelopack();
+            setupVelopack(args);
 
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
@@ -174,8 +174,18 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             return false;
         }
 
-        private static void setupVelopack()
+        private static void setupVelopack(string[] args)
         {
+            // Arguments being present indicate the user is either starting the game in a special (aka tournament) mode,
+            // or is running with pending imports via file association or otherwise.
+            //
+            // In both these scenarios, we'd hope the game does not attempt to update.
+            if (args.Length > 0)
+            {
+                Logger.Log("Handling arguments, skipping velopack setup.");
+                return;
+            }
+
             if (OsuGameDesktop.IsPackageManaged)
             {
                 Logger.Log("Updates are being managed by an external provider. Skipping Velopack setup.");
@@ -184,7 +194,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
 
             var app = VelopackApp.Build();
 
-            app.WithFirstRun(_ => isFirstRun = true);
+            app.OnFirstRun(_ => isFirstRun = true);
 
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
                 configureWindows(app);
@@ -195,9 +205,9 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
         private static void configureWindows(VelopackApp app)
         {
-            app.WithFirstRun(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.InstallAssociations());
-            app.WithAfterUpdateFastCallback(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.UpdateAssociations());
-            app.WithBeforeUninstallFastCallback(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.UninstallAssociations());
+            app.OnFirstRun(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.InstallAssociations());
+            app.OnAfterUpdateFastCallback(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.UpdateAssociations());
+            app.OnBeforeUninstallFastCallback(_ => WindowsAssociationManager.UninstallAssociations());
         }
     }
 }

osu.Desktop/Updater/VelopackUpdateManager.cs

@@ -2,21 +2,22 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Game;
-using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using Velopack;
 using Velopack.Sources;
+using UpdateManager = osu.Game.Updater.UpdateManager;
 
 namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
 {
-    public partial class VelopackUpdateManager : Game.Updater.UpdateManager
+    public partial class VelopackUpdateManager : UpdateManager
     {
         [Resolved]
         private INotificationOverlay notificationOverlay { get; set; } = null!;
@@ -27,143 +28,130 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
         [Resolved]
         private ILocalUserPlayInfo? localUserInfo { get; set; }
 
-        [Resolved]
-        private OsuConfigManager osuConfigManager { get; set; } = null!;
-
         private bool isInGameplay => localUserInfo?.PlayingState.Value != LocalUserPlayingState.NotPlaying;
 
-        private readonly Bindable<ReleaseStream> releaseStream = new Bindable<ReleaseStream>();
-        private UpdateManager? updateManager;
-        private UpdateInfo? pendingUpdate;
+        private ScheduledDelegate? scheduledBackgroundCheck;
 
-        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        private void scheduleNextUpdateCheck()
         {
-            // Used by the base implementation.
-            osuConfigManager.BindWith(OsuSetting.ReleaseStream, releaseStream);
-            releaseStream.BindValueChanged(_ => onReleaseStreamChanged(), true);
-
-            base.LoadComplete();
-        }
-
-        private void onReleaseStreamChanged()
-        {
-            updateManager = new UpdateManager(new GithubSource(@"https://github.com/ppy/osu", null, releaseStream.Value == ReleaseStream.Tachyon), new UpdateOptions
+            scheduledBackgroundCheck?.Cancel();
+            scheduledBackgroundCheck = Scheduler.AddDelayed(() =>
             {
-                AllowVersionDowngrade = true,
-            });
-
-            Schedule(() => Task.Run(CheckForUpdateAsync));
+                log("Running scheduled background update check...");
+                CheckForUpdate();
+            }, 60000 * 30);
         }
 
-        protected override async Task<bool> PerformUpdateCheck() => await checkForUpdateAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
-
-        private async Task<bool> checkForUpdateAsync()
+        protected override async Task<bool> PerformUpdateCheck(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            // whether to check again in 30 minutes. generally only if there's an error or no update was found (yet).
-            bool scheduleRecheck = false;
+            scheduledBackgroundCheck?.Cancel();
+
+            if (isInGameplay)
+            {
+                log("Update check cancelled - user is in gameplay");
+                scheduleNextUpdateCheck();
+                return false;
+            }
 
             try
             {
-                // Avoid any kind of update checking while gameplay is running.
-                if (isInGameplay)
+                IUpdateSource updateSource = new GithubSource(@"https://github.com/ppy/osu", null, ReleaseStream.Value == Game.Configuration.ReleaseStream.Tachyon);
+                Velopack.UpdateManager updateManager = new Velopack.UpdateManager(updateSource, new UpdateOptions
                 {
-                    scheduleRecheck = true;
+                    AllowVersionDowngrade = true
+                });
+
+                UpdateInfo? update = await updateManager.CheckForUpdatesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    log("Update check cancelled");
+                    scheduleNextUpdateCheck();
                     return true;
                 }
 
-                // TODO: we should probably be checking if there's a more recent update, rather than shortcutting here.
-                // Velopack does support this scenario (see https://github.com/ppy/osu/pull/28743#discussion_r1743495975).
-                if (pendingUpdate != null)
+                if (update == null)
                 {
-                    // If there is an update pending restart, show the notification to restart again.
-                    notificationOverlay.Post(new UpdateApplicationCompleteNotification
-                    {
-                        Activated = () =>
-                        {
-                            Task.Run(restartToApplyUpdate);
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                    });
-
-                    return true;
-                }
-
-                if (updateManager == null)
-                {
-                    scheduleRecheck = true;
+                    // No update is available.
+                    log("No update found");
+                    scheduleNextUpdateCheck();
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                pendingUpdate = await updateManager.CheckForUpdatesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
-
-                // No update is available. We'll check again later.
-                if (pendingUpdate == null)
-                {
-                    scheduleRecheck = true;
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                // An update is found, let's notify the user and start downloading it.
-                UpdateProgressNotification notification = new UpdateProgressNotification
-                {
-                    CompletionClickAction = () =>
-                    {
-                        Task.Run(restartToApplyUpdate);
-                        return true;
-                    },
-                };
-
-                runOutsideOfGameplay(() => notificationOverlay.Post(notification));
-                notification.StartDownload();
-
-                try
-                {
-                    await updateManager.DownloadUpdatesAsync(pendingUpdate, p => notification.Progress = p / 100f).ConfigureAwait(false);
-                    runOutsideOfGameplay(() => notification.State = ProgressNotificationState.Completed);
-                }
-                catch (Exception e)
-                {
-                    // In the case of an error, a separate notification will be displayed.
-                    scheduleRecheck = true;
-                    notification.FailDownload();
-                    Logger.Error(e, @"update failed!");
-                }
+                // Download update in the background while notifying awaiters of the update being available.
+                log($"New update available: {update.TargetFullRelease.Version}");
+                downloadUpdate(updateManager, update, cancellationToken);
+                return true;
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
-                // we'll ignore this and retry later. can be triggered by no internet connection or thread abortion.
-                scheduleRecheck = true;
-                Logger.Log($@"update check failed ({e.Message})");
+                log($"Update check failed with error ({e.Message})");
+
+                // we shouldn't crash on a web failure. or any failure for the matter.
+                scheduleNextUpdateCheck();
+                return true;
             }
-            finally
+        }
+
+        private void downloadUpdate(Velopack.UpdateManager updateManager, UpdateInfo update, CancellationToken cancellationToken) => Task.Run(async () =>
+        {
+            log($"Beginning download of update {update.TargetFullRelease.Version}...");
+
+            UpdateDownloadProgressNotification progressNotification = new UpdateDownloadProgressNotification(cancellationToken)
             {
-                if (scheduleRecheck)
+                CompletionClickAction = () =>
                 {
-                    Scheduler.AddDelayed(() => Task.Run(async () => await checkForUpdateAsync().ConfigureAwait(false)), 60000 * 30);
+                    restartToApplyUpdate(updateManager, update);
+                    return true;
                 }
+            };
+
+            try
+            {
+                using (var cts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(progressNotification.CancellationToken, cancellationToken))
+                {
+                    progressNotification.StartDownload();
+                    runOutsideOfGameplay(() => notificationOverlay.Post(progressNotification), cts.Token);
+
+                    await updateManager.DownloadUpdatesAsync(update, p => progressNotification.Progress = p / 100f, cts.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    runOutsideOfGameplay(() => progressNotification.State = ProgressNotificationState.Completed, cts.Token);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
+            {
+                progressNotification.FailDownload();
+                log(@"Update cancelled");
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                // In the case of an error, a separate notification will be displayed.
+                progressNotification.FailDownload();
+                Logger.Error(e, @"Update failed!");
             }
 
             return true;
-        }
+        }, cancellationToken);
 
-        private void runOutsideOfGameplay(Action action)
+        private void runOutsideOfGameplay(Action action, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
+            if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                return;
+
             if (isInGameplay)
             {
-                Scheduler.AddDelayed(() => runOutsideOfGameplay(action), 1000);
+                Scheduler.AddDelayed(() => runOutsideOfGameplay(action, cancellationToken), 1000);
                 return;
             }
 
             action();
         }
 
-        private async Task restartToApplyUpdate()
+        private void restartToApplyUpdate(Velopack.UpdateManager updateManager, UpdateInfo update) => Task.Run(async () =>
         {
-            if (updateManager == null)
-                return;
-
-            await updateManager.WaitExitThenApplyUpdatesAsync(pendingUpdate?.TargetFullRelease).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await updateManager.WaitExitThenApplyUpdatesAsync(update.TargetFullRelease).ConfigureAwait(false);
             Schedule(() => game.AttemptExit());
-        }
+        });
+
+        private static void log(string text) => Logger.Log($"VelopackUpdateManager: {text}");
     }
 }

osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="9.0.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.2.1.24" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Velopack" Version="0.0.1053" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Velopack" Version="0.0.1298" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Resources">
     <EmbeddedResource Include="lazer.ico" />

osu.Desktop/osu.nuspec

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
         <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
         <description>A free-to-win rhythm game. Rhythm is just a *click* away!</description>
         <releaseNotes>testing</releaseNotes>
-        <copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
+        <copyright>Copyright (c) 2025 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
         <language>en-AU</language>
     </metadata>
     <files>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/CatchRateAdjustedDisplayDifficultyTest.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
 {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new CatchRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { ApproachRate = originalApproachRate };
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, []);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(originalApproachRate));
         }
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new CatchRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 0.75);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new CatchModHalfTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(1.67).Within(0.01));
         }
@@ -43,8 +46,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new CatchRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1.5);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new CatchModDoubleTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(7.67).Within(0.01));
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Mods/TestSceneCatchModMovingFast.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneCatchModMovingFast : ModTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new CatchRuleset();
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMovingFast() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new CatchModMovingFast(),
+            PassCondition = () => true
+        });
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Beatmaps/CatchBeatmap.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 
@@ -23,21 +24,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Beatmaps
             {
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Fruits",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Fruits,
                     Content = fruits.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Circles),
                     BarDisplayLength = fruits / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Juice Streams",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.JuiceStreams,
                     Content = juiceStreams.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Sliders),
                     BarDisplayLength = juiceStreams / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Banana Showers",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.BananaShowers,
                     Content = bananaShowers.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Spinners),
                     BarDisplayLength = Math.Min(bananaShowers / 10f, 1),

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/CatchRuleset.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit;
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Setup;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch
                         new CatchModFloatingFruits(),
                         new CatchModMuted(),
                         new CatchModNoScope(),
+                        new CatchModMovingFast(),
                     };
 
                 case ModType.System:
@@ -265,9 +270,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch
         }
 
         /// <seealso cref="CatchHitObject.ApplyDefaultsToSelf"/>
-        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty, double rate)
+        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
         {
-            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(difficulty);
+            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            double rate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
 
             double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, CatchHitObject.PREEMPT_MAX, CatchHitObject.PREEMPT_MID, CatchHitObject.PREEMPT_MIN);
             preempt /= rate;
@@ -276,6 +282,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch
             return adjustedDifficulty;
         }
 
+        public override IEnumerable<RulesetBeatmapAttribute> GetBeatmapAttributesForDisplay(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
+        {
+            var originalDifficulty = beatmapInfo.Difficulty;
+            var effectiveDifficulty = GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.CircleSize, @"CS", originalDifficulty.CircleSize, effectiveDifficulty.CircleSize, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the size of fruits.",
+                AdditionalMetrics =
+                [
+                    new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("Hit circle radius", (CatchHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateScaleFromCircleSize(effectiveDifficulty.CircleSize)).ToLocalisableString("0.#"))
+                ]
+            };
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.ApproachRate, @"AR", originalDifficulty.ApproachRate, effectiveDifficulty.ApproachRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects how early fruits fade in on the screen.",
+                AdditionalMetrics =
+                [
+                    new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("Fade-in time", LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"{IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(effectiveDifficulty.ApproachRate, CatchHitObject.PREEMPT_RANGE):#,0.##} ms"))
+                ]
+            };
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.HPDrain, @"HP", originalDifficulty.DrainRate, effectiveDifficulty.DrainRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the harshness of health drain and the health penalties for missing."
+            };
+        }
+
         public override bool EditorShowScrollSpeed => false;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Edit/CatchBeatmapVerifier.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit
             new CheckBananaShowerGap(),
             new CheckConcurrentObjects(),
 
+            // Spread
+            new CheckCatchLowestDiffDrainTime(),
+
             // Settings
             new CheckCatchAbnormalDifficultySettings(),
         };

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Edit/CatchHitObjectComposer.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -219,5 +220,40 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit
             distanceSnapGrid.StartTime = sourceHitObject.GetEndTime();
             distanceSnapGrid.StartX = sourceHitObject.EffectiveX;
         }
+
+        #region Clipboard handling
+
+        public override string ConvertSelectionToString()
+            => string.Join(',', EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Cast<CatchHitObject>().OrderBy(h => h.StartTime).Select(h => (h.IndexInCurrentCombo + 1).ToString()));
+
+        // 1,2,3,4 ...
+        private static readonly Regex selection_regex = new Regex(@"^\d+(,\d+)*$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
+
+        public override void SelectFromTimestamp(double timestamp, string objectDescription)
+        {
+            if (!selection_regex.IsMatch(objectDescription))
+                return;
+
+            List<CatchHitObject> remainingHitObjects = EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.Cast<CatchHitObject>().Where(h => h.StartTime >= timestamp).ToList();
+            string[] splitDescription = objectDescription.Split(',');
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < splitDescription.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (!int.TryParse(splitDescription[i], out int combo) || combo < 1)
+                    continue;
+
+                CatchHitObject? current = remainingHitObjects.FirstOrDefault(h => h.IndexInCurrentCombo + 1 == combo);
+
+                if (current == null)
+                    continue;
+
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Add(current);
+
+                if (i < splitDescription.Length - 1)
+                    remainingHitObjects = remainingHitObjects.Where(h => h != current && h.StartTime >= current.StartTime).ToList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Edit/Checks/CheckCatchLowestDiffDrainTime.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit.Checks
+{
+    public class CheckCatchLowestDiffDrainTime : CheckLowestDiffDrainTime
+    {
+        protected override IEnumerable<(DifficultyRating rating, double thresholdMs, string name)> GetThresholds()
+        {
+            // See lowest difficulty requirements in https://osu.ppy.sh/wiki/en/Ranking_criteria/osu%21catch#general
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Hard, new TimeSpan(0, 2, 30).TotalMilliseconds, "Platter");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Insane, new TimeSpan(0, 3, 15).TotalMilliseconds, "Rain");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Expert, new TimeSpan(0, 4, 0).TotalMilliseconds, "Overdose");
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModAutoplay.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
 {
     public class CatchModAutoplay : ModAutoplay
     {
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(CatchModMovingFast) }).ToArray();
+
         public override ModReplayData CreateReplayData(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
             => new ModReplayData(new CatchAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate(), new ModCreatedUser { Username = "osu!salad" });
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModCinema.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Replays;
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
 {
     public class CatchModCinema : ModCinema<CatchHitObject>
     {
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(CatchModMovingFast) }).ToArray();
+
         public override ModReplayData CreateReplayData(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
             => new ModReplayData(new CatchAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate(), new ModCreatedUser { Username = "osu!salad" });
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
         {
             get
             {
-                if (UserAdjustedSettingsCount != 1)
+                if (!IsExactlyOneSettingChanged(CircleSize, ApproachRate, OverallDifficulty, DrainRate))
                     return string.Empty;
 
                 if (!CircleSize.IsDefault) return format("CS", CircleSize);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModEasy.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
@@ -9,5 +10,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
     public class CatchModEasy : ModEasyWithExtraLives
     {
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Larger fruits, more forgiving HP drain, less accuracy required, and extra lives!";
+
+        public override void ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        {
+            base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
+
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty *= ADJUST_RATIO;
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModHardRock.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
         {
             base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
 
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty = Math.Min(difficulty.OverallDifficulty * ADJUST_RATIO, 10.0f);
             difficulty.CircleSize = Math.Min(difficulty.CircleSize * 1.3f, 10.0f); // CS uses a custom 1.3 ratio.
             difficulty.ApproachRate = Math.Min(difficulty.ApproachRate * ADJUST_RATIO, 10.0f);
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModMovingFast.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
+{
+    public partial class CatchModMovingFast : Mod, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<CatchHitObject>, IApplicableToPlayer
+    {
+        public override string Name => "Moving Fast";
+        public override string Acronym => "MF";
+        public override LocalisableString Description => "Dashing by default, slow down!";
+        public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.Running;
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(ModRelax) };
+
+        private DrawableCatchRuleset drawableRuleset = null!;
+
+        public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<CatchHitObject> drawableRuleset)
+        {
+            this.drawableRuleset = (DrawableCatchRuleset)drawableRuleset;
+        }
+
+        public void ApplyToPlayer(Player player)
+        {
+            if (!drawableRuleset.HasReplayLoaded.Value)
+            {
+                var catchPlayfield = (CatchPlayfield)drawableRuleset.Playfield;
+                catchPlayfield.Catcher.Dashing = true;
+                catchPlayfield.CatcherArea.Add(new InvertDashInputHelper(catchPlayfield.CatcherArea));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private partial class InvertDashInputHelper : Drawable, IKeyBindingHandler<CatchAction>
+        {
+            private readonly CatcherArea catcherArea;
+
+            public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => true;
+
+            public InvertDashInputHelper(CatcherArea catcherArea)
+            {
+                this.catcherArea = catcherArea;
+
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
+            }
+
+            public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<CatchAction> e)
+            {
+                switch (e.Action)
+                {
+                    case CatchAction.MoveLeft or CatchAction.MoveRight:
+                        break;
+
+                    case CatchAction.Dash:
+                        catcherArea.Catcher.Dashing = false;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            public void OnReleased(KeyBindingReleaseEvent<CatchAction> e)
+            {
+                if (e.Action == CatchAction.Dash)
+                    catcherArea.Catcher.Dashing = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModRelax.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
     {
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Use the mouse to control the catcher.";
 
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(CatchModMovingFast) }).ToArray();
+
         private DrawableCatchRuleset drawableRuleset = null!;
 
         public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<CatchHitObject> drawableRuleset)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/CatchHitObject.cs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
-            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, PREEMPT_MAX, PREEMPT_MID, PREEMPT_MIN);
+            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, PREEMPT_RANGE);
 
             Scale = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateScaleFromCircleSize(difficulty.CircleSize);
         }
@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects
         /// </summary>
         public const double PREEMPT_MAX = 1800;
 
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange PREEMPT_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(PREEMPT_MAX, PREEMPT_MID, PREEMPT_MIN);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The Y position of the hit object is not used in the normal osu!catch gameplay.
         /// It is preserved to maximize the backward compatibility with the legacy editor, in which the mappers use the Y position to organize the patterns.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Replays/CatchReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
@@ -64,5 +65,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Replays
 
             return new LegacyReplayFrame(Time, Position, null, state);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is CatchReplayFrame catchFrame
+               && Time == catchFrame.Time
+               && Position == catchFrame.Position
+               && Dashing == catchFrame.Dashing
+               && Actions.SequenceEqual(catchFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Editor/Checks/CheckManiaConcurrentObjectsTest.cs

@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Editor.Checks
             });
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHoldNotesAlmostConcurrentOnSameColumn()
+        {
+            assertAlmostConcurrentSame(new List<HitObject>
+            {
+                createHoldNote(startTime: 100, endTime: 400.75d, column: 1),
+                createHoldNote(startTime: 408, endTime: 700.75d, column: 1)
+            });
+        }
+
         private void assertOk(List<HitObject> hitobjects)
         {
             Assert.That(check.Run(getContext(hitobjects)), Is.Empty);
@@ -65,7 +75,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Editor.Checks
             var issues = check.Run(getContext(hitobjects)).ToList();
 
             Assert.That(issues, Has.Count.EqualTo(count));
-            Assert.That(issues.All(issue => issue.Template is CheckConcurrentObjects.IssueTemplateConcurrentSame));
+            Assert.That(issues.All(issue => issue.Template is CheckConcurrentObjects.IssueTemplateConcurrent));
+            Assert.That(issues.All(issue => issue.ToString().Contains("s are concurrent here")));
+        }
+
+        private void assertAlmostConcurrentSame(List<HitObject> hitobjects)
+        {
+            var issues = check.Run(getContext(hitobjects)).ToList();
+
+            Assert.That(issues, Has.Count.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.That(issues.All(issue => issue.Template is CheckConcurrentObjects.IssueTemplateAlmostConcurrent));
+            Assert.That(issues.All(issue => issue.ToString().Contains("s are less than 10ms apart")));
         }
 
         private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(List<HitObject> hitobjects)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/ManiaLegacyModConversionTest.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ using System;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { LegacyMods.Key2, new[] { typeof(ManiaModKey2) } },
             new object[] { LegacyMods.Mirror, new[] { typeof(ManiaModMirror) } },
             new object[] { LegacyMods.HardRock | LegacyMods.DoubleTime, new[] { typeof(ManiaModHardRock), typeof(ManiaModDoubleTime) } },
-            new object[] { LegacyMods.ScoreV2, new[] { typeof(ModScoreV2) } },
+            new object[] { LegacyMods.ScoreV2, new[] { typeof(ManiaModScoreV2) } },
         };
 
         [TestCaseSource(nameof(mania_mod_mapping))]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Replays;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback : LegacyReplayPlaybackTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreateRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
@@ -72,13 +70,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -137d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -138d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 111d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 112d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 113d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 114d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 135d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 136d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 137d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 138d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 112d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 113d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 114d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 135d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 136d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 137d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 138d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 9.3 test cases.
             // PERFECT hit window is [ -14ms,  14ms]
@@ -99,13 +98,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 9.3f, 70d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 71d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 98d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 100d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 124d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 125d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 100d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 124d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 125d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -98d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -99d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -100d, HitResult.Meh },
@@ -145,13 +145,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -137d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -138d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 111d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 112d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 113d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 114d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 135d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 136d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 137d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 138d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 112d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 113d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 114d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 135d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 136d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 137d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 138d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 9.3 test cases.
             // PERFECT hit window is [ -16ms,  16ms]
@@ -172,13 +173,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 9.3f, 70d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 71d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 98d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 100d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 124d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 125d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 100d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 124d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 125d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -98d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -99d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -100d, HitResult.Meh },
@@ -207,13 +209,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 3.1f, 88d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, 89d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, 116d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 117d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 118d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 119d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 140d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 141d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 142d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 143d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 117d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 118d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 119d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 140d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 141d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 142d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 143d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -116d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -117d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -118d, HitResult.Meh },
@@ -253,13 +256,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -122d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -123d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 96d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 120d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 121d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 120d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 121d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 3.1 test cases.
             // PERFECT hit window is [ -16ms,  16ms]
@@ -280,13 +284,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 3.1f, 78d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, 79d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, 96d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 120d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 121d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 3.1f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 120d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 121d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 122d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 3.1f, 123d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -96d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -97d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 3.1f, -98d, HitResult.Meh },
@@ -327,13 +332,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -98d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -99d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 79d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 80d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 81d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 82d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 96d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 80d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 81d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 82d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 96d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 97d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 98d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 99d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 9.3 test cases.
             // This leads to "effective" OD of 13.02.
@@ -356,13 +362,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 9.3f, 50d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 51d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 69d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 70d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 71d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 72d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 86d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 87d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 88d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 89d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 70d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 71d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 72d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 86d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 87d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 88d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 9.3f, 89d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -69d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -70d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, -71d, HitResult.Meh },
@@ -402,13 +409,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -191d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -192d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 155d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 156d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 157d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 158d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 189d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 190d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 191d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 192d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 156d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 157d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 158d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 189d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 190d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 191d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 192d, HitResult.Miss },
         };
 
         private static readonly object[][] score_v1_non_convert_double_time_test_cases =
@@ -440,13 +448,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -205d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -206d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 167d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 168d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 169d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 170d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 203d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 204d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 205d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 206d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 168d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 169d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 170d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 203d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 204d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 205d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 206d, HitResult.Miss },
         };
 
         private static readonly object[][] score_v1_non_convert_half_time_test_cases =
@@ -478,13 +487,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             new object[] { 5f, -103d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -104d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 83d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 84d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 85d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 86d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 102d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 103d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 5f, 104d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // coverage of broken "can't hit meh late" behaviour, which is intentionally not being reproduced
+            // new object[] { 5f, 84d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 85d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 86d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 101d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 102d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 103d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // new object[] { 5f, 104d, HitResult.Miss },
         };
 
         private const double note_time = 300;
@@ -510,7 +520,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                 ScoreInfo = new ScoreInfo
                 {
                     Ruleset = CreateRuleset().RulesetInfo,
-                    Mods = [new ModScoreV2()]
+                    Mods = [new ManiaModScoreV2()]
                 }
             };
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneReplayStability.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneReplayStability : ReplayStabilityTestScene
     {
         private static readonly object[][] test_cases =
@@ -22,87 +21,79 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
             // while round brackets `()` represent *open* or *exclusive* bounds.
 
             // OD = 5 test cases.
-            // PERFECT hit window is [ -19.4ms,  19.4ms]
-            // GREAT   hit window is [ -49.0ms,  49.0ms]
-            // GOOD    hit window is [ -82.0ms,  82.0ms]
-            // OK      hit window is [-112.0ms, 112.0ms]
-            // MEH     hit window is [-136.0ms, 136.0ms]
-            // MISS    hit window is [-173.0ms, 173.0ms]
+            // PERFECT hit window is [ -19.5ms,  19.5ms]
+            // GREAT   hit window is [ -49.5ms,  49.5ms]
+            // GOOD    hit window is [ -82.5ms,  82.5ms]
+            // OK      hit window is [-112.5ms, 112.5ms]
+            // MEH     hit window is [-136.5ms, 136.5ms]
+            // MISS    hit window is [-173.5ms, 173.5ms]
             new object[] { 5f, -19d, HitResult.Perfect },
             new object[] { 5f, -19.2d, HitResult.Perfect },
-            new object[] { 5f, -19.38d, HitResult.Perfect },
-            // new object[] { 5f, -19.4d, HitResult.Perfect }, <- in theory this should work, in practice it does not (fails even before encode & rounding due to floating point precision issues)
-            new object[] { 5f, -19.44d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -19.7d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -20d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -48d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -48.4d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -48.7d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -49d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5f, -49.2d, HitResult.Good },
+            new object[] { 5f, -49.2d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -49.7d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -50d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -81d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -81.2d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -81.7d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -82d, HitResult.Good },
-            new object[] { 5f, -82.2d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5f, -82.2d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 5f, -82.7d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -83d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -111d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -111.2d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -111.7d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -112d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, -112.2d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5f, -112.2d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -112.7d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -113d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -135d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -135.2d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -135.8d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -136d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5f, -136.2d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 5f, -136.2d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, -136.7d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -137d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 9.3 test cases.
-            // PERFECT hit window is [ -14.67ms,  14.67ms]
-            // GREAT   hit window is [ -36.10ms,  36.10ms]
-            // GOOD    hit window is [ -69.10ms,  69.10ms]
-            // OK      hit window is [ -99.10ms,  99.10ms]
-            // MEH     hit window is [-123.10ms, 123.10ms]
-            // MISS    hit window is [-160.10ms, 160.10ms]
+            // PERFECT hit window is [ -14.5ms,  14.5ms]
+            // GREAT   hit window is [ -36.5ms,  36.5ms]
+            // GOOD    hit window is [ -69.5ms,  69.5ms]
+            // OK      hit window is [ -99.5ms,  99.5ms]
+            // MEH     hit window is [-123.5ms, 123.5ms]
+            // MISS    hit window is [-160.5ms, 160.5ms]
             new object[] { 9.3f, 14d, HitResult.Perfect },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 14.2d, HitResult.Perfect },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 14.6d, HitResult.Perfect },
-            // new object[] { 9.3f, 14.67d, HitResult.Perfect }, <- in theory this should work, in practice it does not (fails even before encode & rounding due to floating point precision issues)
             new object[] { 9.3f, 14.7d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 15d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 35d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 35.3d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 35.8d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 36.05d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 36.3d, HitResult.Good },
+            new object[] { 9.3f, 36.3d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 36.7d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 37d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 68d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 68.4d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 68.9d, HitResult.Good },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 69.07d, HitResult.Good },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 69.25d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 9.3f, 69.25d, HitResult.Good },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 69.85d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 70d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 98d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 98.3d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 98.6d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 99d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 99.3d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 9.3f, 99.3d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 99.7d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 100d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 122d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 122.34d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 122.57d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 123.04d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 9.3f, 123.45d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 9.3f, 123.45d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 123.95d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 9.3f, 124d, HitResult.Miss },
         };
@@ -110,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
         [TestCaseSource(nameof(test_cases))]
         public void TestHitWindowStability(float overallDifficulty, double hitOffset, HitResult expectedResult)
         {
-            const double note_time = 100;
+            const double note_time = 300;
 
             var beatmap = new ManiaBeatmap(new StageDefinition(1))
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/ManiaBeatmap.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
 
@@ -42,14 +43,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps
             {
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Notes",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Notes,
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Circles),
                     Content = notes.ToString(),
                     BarDisplayLength = notes / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Hold Notes",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.HoldNotes,
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Sliders),
                     Content = holdNotes.ToString(),
                     BarDisplayLength = holdNotes / (float)sum,

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/ManiaBeatmapConverter.cs

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps
             }
         }
 
-        public static int GetColumnCount(LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, IReadOnlyList<Mod>? mods = null)
+        public static int GetColumnCount(LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod>? mods = null)
         {
             var converter = new ManiaBeatmapConverter(null, difficulty, new ManiaRuleset());
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Edit/Checks/CheckManiaConcurrentObjects.cs

@@ -28,14 +28,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Edit.Checks
                         continue;
 
                     // Two hitobjects cannot be concurrent without also being concurrent with all objects in between.
-                    // So if the next object is not concurrent, then we know no future objects will be either.
-                    if (!AreConcurrent(hitobject, nextHitobject))
+                    // So if the next object is not concurrent or almost concurrent, then we know no future objects will be either.
+                    if (!AreConcurrent(hitobject, nextHitobject) && !AreAlmostConcurrent(hitobject, nextHitobject))
                         break;
 
-                    if (hitobject.GetType() == nextHitobject.GetType())
-                        yield return new IssueTemplateConcurrentSame(this).Create(hitobject, nextHitobject);
-                    else
-                        yield return new IssueTemplateConcurrentDifferent(this).Create(hitobject, nextHitobject);
+                    if (AreConcurrent(hitobject, nextHitobject))
+                    {
+                        yield return new IssueTemplateConcurrent(this).Create(hitobject, nextHitobject);
+                    }
+                    else if (AreAlmostConcurrent(hitobject, nextHitobject))
+                    {
+                        yield return new IssueTemplateAlmostConcurrent(this).Create(hitobject, nextHitobject);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Edit/Checks/CheckManiaLowestDiffDrainTime.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Edit.Checks
+{
+    public class CheckManiaLowestDiffDrainTime : CheckLowestDiffDrainTime
+    {
+        protected override IEnumerable<(DifficultyRating rating, double thresholdMs, string name)> GetThresholds()
+        {
+            // See lowest difficulty requirements in https://osu.ppy.sh/wiki/en/Ranking_criteria/osu%21mania#rules
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Hard, new TimeSpan(0, 2, 30).TotalMilliseconds, "Hard");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Insane, new TimeSpan(0, 2, 45).TotalMilliseconds, "Insane");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Expert, new TimeSpan(0, 3, 30).TotalMilliseconds, "Expert");
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Edit/ManiaBeatmapVerifier.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Edit
             // Compose
             new CheckManiaConcurrentObjects(),
 
+            // Spread
+            new CheckManiaLowestDiffDrainTime(),
+
             // Settings
             new CheckKeyCount(),
             new CheckManiaAbnormalDifficultySettings(),

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                 yield return new ManiaModMirror();
 
             if (mods.HasFlag(LegacyMods.ScoreV2))
-                yield return new ModScoreV2();
+                yield return new ManiaModScoreV2();
         }
 
         public override LegacyMods ConvertToLegacyMods(Mod[] mods)
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                 case ModType.System:
                     return new Mod[]
                     {
-                        new ModScoreV2(),
+                        new ManiaModScoreV2(),
                     };
 
                 default:
@@ -414,6 +416,70 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
             }), true)
         };
 
+        /// <seealso cref="ManiaHitWindows"/>
+        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
+        {
+            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+
+            // notably, in mania, hit windows are designed to be independent of track playback rate (see `ManiaHitWindows.SpeedMultiplier`).
+            // *however*, to not make matters *too* simple, mania Hard Rock and Easy differ from all other rulesets
+            // in that they apply multipliers *to hit window durations directly* rather than to the Overall Difficulty attribute itself.
+            // because the duration of hit window durations as a function of OD is not a linear function,
+            // this means that multiplying the OD is *not* the same thing as multiplying the hit window duration.
+            // in fact, the second operation is *much* harsher and will produce values much farther outside of normal operating range
+            // (even negative in the case of Easy).
+            // stable handles this wrong on song select and just assumes that it can handle mania EZ / HR the same way as all other rulesets.
+
+            double perfectHitWindow = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, ManiaHitWindows.PERFECT_WINDOW_RANGE);
+
+            if (mods.Any(m => m is ManiaModHardRock))
+                perfectHitWindow /= ManiaModHardRock.HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+            else if (mods.Any(m => m is ManiaModEasy))
+                perfectHitWindow /= ManiaModEasy.HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+
+            adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(perfectHitWindow, ManiaHitWindows.PERFECT_WINDOW_RANGE);
+            adjustedDifficulty.CircleSize = ManiaBeatmapConverter.GetColumnCount(LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo.FromBeatmapInfo(beatmapInfo), mods);
+
+            return adjustedDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        public override IEnumerable<RulesetBeatmapAttribute> GetBeatmapAttributesForDisplay(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
+        {
+            // a special touch-up of key count is required to the original difficulty, since key conversion mods are not `IApplicableToDifficulty`
+            var originalDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(beatmapInfo.Difficulty)
+            {
+                CircleSize = ManiaBeatmapConverter.GetColumnCount(LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo.FromBeatmapInfo(beatmapInfo), [])
+            };
+            var adjustedDifficulty = GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            var colours = new OsuColour();
+
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.KeyCount, @"KC", originalDifficulty.CircleSize, adjustedDifficulty.CircleSize, 18)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the number of key columns on the playfield."
+            };
+
+            var hitWindows = new ManiaHitWindows();
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.IsConvert = !beatmapInfo.Ruleset.Equals(RulesetInfo);
+            hitWindows.ClassicModActive = mods.Any(m => m is ManiaModClassic);
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.Accuracy, @"OD", originalDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects timing requirements for notes.",
+                AdditionalMetrics = hitWindows.GetAllAvailableWindows()
+                                              .Reverse()
+                                              .Select(window => new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric(
+                                                  $"{window.result.GetDescription().ToUpperInvariant()} hit window",
+                                                  LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"±{hitWindows.WindowFor(window.result):0.##} ms"),
+                                                  colours.ForHitResult(window.result)
+                                              )).ToArray()
+            };
+
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.HPDrain, @"HP", originalDifficulty.DrainRate, adjustedDifficulty.DrainRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the harshness of health drain and the health penalties for missing."
+            };
+        }
+
         public override IRulesetFilterCriteria CreateRulesetFilterCriteria()
         {
             return new ManiaFilterCriteria();

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/IManiaRateAdjustmentMod.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
@@ -17,29 +15,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
     /// <remarks>
     /// Historically, in osu!mania, hit windows are expected to adjust relative to the gameplay rate such that the real-world hit window remains the same.
     /// </remarks>
-    public interface IManiaRateAdjustmentMod : IApplicableToDifficulty, IApplicableToHitObject
+    public interface IManiaRateAdjustmentMod : IApplicableToHitObject
     {
         BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; }
 
-        HitWindows HitWindows { get; set; }
-
-        void IApplicableToDifficulty.ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
-        {
-            HitWindows = new ManiaHitWindows(SpeedChange.Value);
-            HitWindows.SetDifficulty(difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
-        }
-
         void IApplicableToHitObject.ApplyToHitObject(HitObject hitObject)
         {
             switch (hitObject)
             {
                 case Note:
-                    hitObject.HitWindows = HitWindows;
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hitObject.HitWindows).SpeedMultiplier = SpeedChange.Value;
                     break;
 
                 case HoldNote hold:
-                    hold.Head.HitWindows = HitWindows;
-                    hold.Tail.HitWindows = HitWindows;
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Head.HitWindows).SpeedMultiplier = SpeedChange.Value;
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Tail.HitWindows).SpeedMultiplier = SpeedChange.Value;
                     break;
             }
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaKeyMod.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public override string Acronym => Name;
         public abstract int KeyCount { get; }
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Conversion;
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1; // TODO: Implement the mania key mod score multiplier
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.9;
         public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         public void ApplyToBeatmapConverter(IBeatmapConverter beatmapConverter)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModClassic.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,41 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public class ManiaModClassic : ModClassic
+    public class ManiaModClassic : ModClassic, IApplicableToBeatmap
     {
+        public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
+        {
+            bool isConvert = !beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.Equals(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+            {
+                switch (ho)
+                {
+                    case Note note:
+                    {
+                        var hitWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)note.HitWindows;
+                        hitWindows.IsConvert = isConvert;
+                        hitWindows.ClassicModActive = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case HoldNote hold:
+                    {
+                        var headWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)hold.Head.HitWindows;
+                        var tailWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)hold.Tail.HitWindows;
+                        headWindows.IsConvert = tailWindows.IsConvert = isConvert;
+                        headWindows.ClassicModActive = tailWindows.ClassicModActive = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModDaycore.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
     public class ManiaModDaycore : ModDaycore, IManiaRateAdjustmentMod
     {
-        public HitWindows HitWindows { get; set; } = new ManiaHitWindows();
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModDoubleTime.cs

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
     public class ManiaModDoubleTime : ModDoubleTime, IManiaRateAdjustmentMod
     {
-        public HitWindows HitWindows { get; set; } = new ManiaHitWindows();
-
         // For now, all rate-increasing mods should be given a 1x multiplier in mania because it doesn't always
         // make the map harder and is more of a personal preference.
         // In the future, we can consider adjusting this by experimenting with not applying the hitwindow leniency.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModEasy.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,32 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public class ManiaModEasy : ModEasyWithExtraLives
+    public class ManiaModEasy : ModEasyWithExtraLives, IApplicableToHitObject
     {
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"More forgiving HP drain, less accuracy required, and extra lives!";
+
+        public const double HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER = 1 / 1.4;
+
+        void IApplicableToHitObject.ApplyToHitObject(HitObject hitObject)
+        {
+            switch (hitObject)
+            {
+                case Note:
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hitObject.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    break;
+
+                case HoldNote hold:
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Head.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Tail.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHalfTime.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
     public class ManiaModHalfTime : ModHalfTime, IManiaRateAdjustmentMod
     {
-        public HitWindows HitWindows { get; set; } = new ManiaHitWindows();
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHardRock.cs

@@ -1,13 +1,33 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public class ManiaModHardRock : ModHardRock
+    public class ManiaModHardRock : ModHardRock, IApplicableToHitObject
     {
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
         public override bool Ranked => false;
+
+        public const double HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER = 1.4;
+
+        void IApplicableToHitObject.ApplyToHitObject(HitObject hitObject)
+        {
+            switch (hitObject)
+            {
+                case Note:
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hitObject.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    break;
+
+                case HoldNote hold:
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Head.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    ((ManiaHitWindows)hold.Tail.HitWindows).DifficultyMultiplier = HIT_WINDOW_DIFFICULTY_MULTIPLIER;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModNightcore.cs

@@ -2,16 +2,12 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
     public class ManiaModNightcore : ModNightcore<ManiaHitObject>, IManiaRateAdjustmentMod
     {
-        public HitWindows HitWindows { get; set; } = new ManiaHitWindows();
-
         // For now, all rate-increasing mods should be given a 1x multiplier in mania because it doesn't always
         // make the map any harder and is more of a personal preference.
         // In the future, we can consider adjusting this by experimenting with not applying the hitwindow leniency.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModScoreV2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
+{
+    public class ManiaModScoreV2 : ModScoreV2, IApplicableToBeatmap
+    {
+        public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
+        {
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+            {
+                switch (ho)
+                {
+                    case Note note:
+                    {
+                        var hitWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)note.HitWindows;
+                        hitWindows.ScoreV2Active = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case HoldNote hold:
+                    {
+                        var headWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)hold.Head.HitWindows;
+                        var tailWindows = (ManiaHitWindows)hold.Tail.HitWindows;
+                        headWindows.ScoreV2Active = tailWindows.ScoreV2Active = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNote.cs

@@ -197,6 +197,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables
         public override void OnKilled()
         {
             base.OnKilled();
+            // flush the final state of holding on kill.
+            // this matters because some skin implementations like legacy skin
+            // insert drawables in the hierarchy that are not a child of this DHO
+            // (see `LegacyBodyPiece` and related machinations with `lightContainer` being added at column level)
+            isHolding.Value = Result.IsHolding(Time.Current);
             (bodyPiece.Drawable as IHoldNoteBody)?.Recycle();
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Replays/ManiaReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
@@ -47,5 +48,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Replays
 
             return new LegacyReplayFrame(Time, keys, null, ReplayButtonState.None);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is ManiaReplayFrame maniaFrame && Time == maniaFrame.Time && Actions.SequenceEqual(maniaFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaHitWindows.cs

@@ -1,25 +1,107 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System.Linq;
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring
 {
     public class ManiaHitWindows : HitWindows
     {
-        private readonly double multiplier;
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange PERFECT_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(22.4D, 19.4D, 13.9D);
+        private static readonly DifficultyRange great_window_range = new DifficultyRange(64, 49, 34);
+        private static readonly DifficultyRange good_window_range = new DifficultyRange(97, 82, 67);
+        private static readonly DifficultyRange ok_window_range = new DifficultyRange(127, 112, 97);
+        private static readonly DifficultyRange meh_window_range = new DifficultyRange(151, 136, 121);
+        private static readonly DifficultyRange miss_window_range = new DifficultyRange(188, 173, 158);
 
-        public ManiaHitWindows()
-            : this(1)
+        private double speedMultiplier = 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Multiplier used to compensate for the playback speed of the track speeding up or slowing down.
+        /// The goal of this multiplier is to keep hit windows independent of track speed.
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item>When the track speed is above 1, the hit window ranges are multiplied by <see cref="SpeedMultiplier"/>, because the time elapses faster.</item>
+        /// <item>When the track speed is below 1, the hit window ranges are also multiplied by <see cref="SpeedMultiplier"/>, because the time elapses slower.</item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double SpeedMultiplier
         {
+            get => speedMultiplier;
+            set
+            {
+                speedMultiplier = value;
+                updateWindows();
+            }
         }
 
-        public ManiaHitWindows(double multiplier)
+        private double difficultyMultiplier = 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Multiplier used to make the gameplay more or less difficult.
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item>When the <see cref="DifficultyMultiplier"/> is above 1, the hit windows decrease to make the gameplay harder.</item>
+        /// <item>When the <see cref="DifficultyMultiplier"/> is below 1, the hit windows increase to make the gameplay easier.</item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double DifficultyMultiplier
         {
-            this.multiplier = multiplier;
+            get => difficultyMultiplier;
+            set
+            {
+                difficultyMultiplier = value;
+                updateWindows();
+            }
         }
 
+        private double totalMultiplier => speedMultiplier / difficultyMultiplier;
+
+        private double overallDifficulty;
+
+        private bool classicModActive;
+
+        public bool ClassicModActive
+        {
+            get => classicModActive;
+            set
+            {
+                classicModActive = value;
+                updateWindows();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool scoreV2Active;
+
+        public bool ScoreV2Active
+        {
+            get => scoreV2Active;
+            set
+            {
+                scoreV2Active = value;
+                updateWindows();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool isConvert;
+
+        public bool IsConvert
+        {
+            get => isConvert;
+            set
+            {
+                isConvert = value;
+                updateWindows();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private double perfect;
+        private double great;
+        private double good;
+        private double ok;
+        private double meh;
+        private double miss;
+
         public override bool IsHitResultAllowed(HitResult result)
         {
             switch (result)
@@ -36,11 +118,73 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring
             return false;
         }
 
-        protected override DifficultyRange[] GetRanges() => base.GetRanges().Select(r =>
-            new DifficultyRange(
-                r.Result,
-                r.Min * multiplier,
-                r.Average * multiplier,
-                r.Max * multiplier)).ToArray();
+        public override void SetDifficulty(double difficulty)
+        {
+            overallDifficulty = difficulty;
+            updateWindows();
+        }
+
+        private void updateWindows()
+        {
+            if (ClassicModActive && !ScoreV2Active)
+            {
+                if (IsConvert)
+                {
+                    perfect = Math.Floor(16 * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    great = Math.Floor((Math.Round(overallDifficulty) > 4 ? 34 : 47) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    good = Math.Floor((Math.Round(overallDifficulty) > 4 ? 67 : 77) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    ok = Math.Floor(97 * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    meh = Math.Floor(121 * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    miss = Math.Floor(158 * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    double invertedOd = Math.Clamp(10 - overallDifficulty, 0, 10);
+
+                    perfect = Math.Floor(16 * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    great = Math.Floor((34 + 3 * invertedOd) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    good = Math.Floor((67 + 3 * invertedOd) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    ok = Math.Floor((97 + 3 * invertedOd) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    meh = Math.Floor((121 + 3 * invertedOd) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                    miss = Math.Floor((158 + 3 * invertedOd) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                perfect = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, PERFECT_WINDOW_RANGE) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                great = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, great_window_range) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                good = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, good_window_range) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                ok = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, ok_window_range) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                meh = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, meh_window_range) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+                miss = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, miss_window_range) * totalMultiplier) + 0.5;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override double WindowFor(HitResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+                case HitResult.Perfect:
+                    return perfect;
+
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    return great;
+
+                case HitResult.Good:
+                    return good;
+
+                case HitResult.Ok:
+                    return ok;
+
+                case HitResult.Meh:
+                    return meh;
+
+                case HitResult.Miss:
+                    return miss;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(result), result, null);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
@@ -36,22 +35,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         [Test]
         public void TestPlayfieldBasedSize()
         {
-            ModFlashlight mod = new OsuModFlashlight();
+            OsuModFlashlight flashlight;
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
-                Mod = mod,
+                Mods = [flashlight = new OsuModFlashlight(), new OsuModBarrelRoll()],
                 PassCondition = () =>
                 {
                     var flashlightOverlay = Player.DrawableRuleset.Overlays
                                                   .ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>()
                                                   .First();
 
-                    return Precision.AlmostEquals(mod.DefaultFlashlightSize * .5f, flashlightOverlay.GetSize());
+                    // the combo check is here because the flashlight radius decreases for the first time at 100 combo
+                    // and hardcoding it here eliminates the need to meddle in flashlight internals further by e.g. exposing `GetComboScaleFor()`
+                    return flashlightOverlay.GetSize() < flashlight.DefaultFlashlightSize && Player.GameplayState.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value < 100;
                 }
             });
-
-            AddStep("adjust playfield scale", () =>
-                Player.DrawableRuleset.Playfield.Scale = new Vector2(.5f));
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModRelax.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 using osuTK;
@@ -22,21 +21,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 {
     public partial class TestSceneOsuModRelax : OsuModTestScene
     {
-        private readonly HitCircle hitObject;
-        private readonly HitWindows hitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
-
-        public TestSceneOsuModRelax()
-        {
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(9);
-
-            hitObject = new HitCircle
-            {
-                StartTime = 1000,
-                Position = new Vector2(100, 100),
-                HitWindows = hitWindows
-            };
-        }
-
         protected override TestPlayer CreateModPlayer(Ruleset ruleset) => new ModRelaxTestPlayer(CurrentTestData, AllowFail);
 
         [Test]
@@ -46,12 +30,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
             Autoplay = false,
             CreateBeatmap = () => new Beatmap
             {
-                HitObjects = new List<HitObject> { hitObject }
+                Difficulty = { OverallDifficulty = 9 },
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100, 100),
+                        HitWindows = new OsuHitWindows()
+                    }
+                }
             },
             ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
                 new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2()),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(hitObject.StartTime, hitObject.Position),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(100, new Vector2(100)),
             },
             PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 1
         });
@@ -63,13 +56,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
             Autoplay = false,
             CreateBeatmap = () => new Beatmap
             {
-                HitObjects = new List<HitObject> { hitObject }
+                Difficulty = { OverallDifficulty = 9 },
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100, 100),
+                        HitWindows = new OsuHitWindows()
+                    }
+                }
             },
             ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(hitObject.X - 22, hitObject.Y - 22)), // must be an edge hit for the cursor to not stay on the object for too long
-                new OsuReplayFrame(hitObject.StartTime - OsuModRelax.RELAX_LENIENCY, new Vector2(hitObject.X - 22, hitObject.Y - 22)),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(hitObject.StartTime, new Vector2(0)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(78, 78)), // must be an edge hit for the cursor to not stay on the object for too long
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000 - OsuModRelax.RELAX_LENIENCY, new Vector2(78, 78)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(0)),
             },
             PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 1
         });

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuRateAdjustedDisplayDifficultyTest.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new OsuRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { ApproachRate = originalApproachRate };
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, []);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(originalApproachRate));
         }
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new OsuRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { OverallDifficulty = originalOverallDifficulty };
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, []);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(originalOverallDifficulty));
         }
@@ -43,8 +46,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new OsuRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 0.75);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new OsuModHalfTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(1.67).Within(0.01));
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(2.22).Within(0.01));
@@ -55,8 +59,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new OsuRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1.5);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new OsuModDoubleTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, Is.EqualTo(7.67).Within(0.01));
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(7.77).Within(0.01));

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneCursorParticles.cs

@@ -110,23 +110,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                             new Spinner
                             {
                                 StartTime = 0,
-                                Duration = 1000,
+                                Duration = 3000,
                                 Position = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2,
                             },
                             new Slider
                             {
-                                StartTime = 2500,
+                                StartTime = 4500,
                                 RepeatCount = 0,
                                 Position = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2,
                                 Path = new SliderPath(new[]
                                 {
                                     new PathControlPoint(Vector2.Zero),
-                                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100, 0)),
+                                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(200, 0)),
                                 })
                             },
                             new HitCircle
                             {
-                                StartTime = 4500,
+                                StartTime = 10000,
                                 Position = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2,
                             },
                         },

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback : LegacyReplayPlaybackTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreateRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneOsuHitObjectSamples.cs

@@ -14,26 +14,27 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         protected override IResourceStore<byte[]> RulesetResources => new DllResourceStore(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(TestSceneOsuHitObjectSamples)));
 
-        [TestCase("normal-hitnormal")]
-        [TestCase("hitnormal")]
-        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromBeatmap(string expectedSample)
+        [TestCase("normal-hitnormal2", "normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("hitnormal", "hitnormal")]
+        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromBeatmap(string beatmapSkinSampleName, string userSkinSampleName)
         {
-            SetupSkins(expectedSample, expectedSample);
+            SetupSkins(beatmapSkinSampleName, userSkinSampleName);
 
             CreateTestWithBeatmap("osu-hitobject-beatmap-custom-sample-bank.osu");
 
-            AssertBeatmapLookup(expectedSample);
+            AssertBeatmapLookup(beatmapSkinSampleName);
         }
 
-        [TestCase("normal-hitnormal")]
-        [TestCase("hitnormal")]
-        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromUserSkinFallback(string expectedSample)
+        [TestCase("", "normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("normal-hitnormal", "normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("", "hitnormal")]
+        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromUserSkinFallback(string beatmapSkinSampleName, string userSkinSampleName)
         {
-            SetupSkins(string.Empty, expectedSample);
+            SetupSkins(beatmapSkinSampleName, userSkinSampleName);
 
             CreateTestWithBeatmap("osu-hitobject-beatmap-custom-sample-bank.osu");
 
-            AssertUserLookup(expectedSample);
+            AssertUserLookup(userSkinSampleName);
         }
 
         [TestCase("normal-hitnormal2")]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneReplayRecording.cs

@@ -78,6 +78,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddAssert("smoke button press recorded to replay", () => Player.Score.Replay.Frames.OfType<OsuReplayFrame>().Any(f => f.Actions.SequenceEqual([OsuAction.Smoke])));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPressAndReleaseOnSameFrame()
+        {
+            seekTo(0);
+            AddStep("move cursor to circle", () => InputManager.MoveMouseTo(Player.DrawableRuleset.Playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects.Single()));
+            AddStep("press X", () => InputManager.PressKey(Key.X));
+            AddStep("release X", () => InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.X));
+            AddAssert("right button press recorded to replay", () => Player.Score.Replay.Frames.OfType<OsuReplayFrame>().Any(f => f.Actions.SequenceEqual([OsuAction.RightButton])));
+        }
+
         private void seekTo(double time)
         {
             AddStep($"seek to {time}ms", () => Player.GameplayClockContainer.Seek(time));

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneReplayStability.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneReplayStability : ReplayStabilityTestScene
     {
         private static readonly object[][] test_cases =
@@ -23,53 +22,49 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             // while round brackets `()` represent *open* or *exclusive* bounds.
 
             // OD = 5 test cases.
-            // GREAT hit window is [ -50ms,  50ms]
-            // OK    hit window is [-100ms, 100ms]
-            // MEH   hit window is [-150ms, 150ms]
-            // MISS  hit window is [-400ms, 400ms]
+            // GREAT hit window is [ -49.5ms,  49.5ms]
+            // OK    hit window is [ -99.5ms,  99.5ms]
+            // MEH   hit window is [-149.5ms, 149.5ms]
             new object[] { 5f, 49d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, 49.2d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5f, 49.7d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5f, 50d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 5f, 49.7d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5f, 50d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, 50.4d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, 50.9d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, 51d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, 99d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, 99.2d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 99.7d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, 100d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5f, 99.7d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5f, 100d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, 100.4d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, 100.9d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, 101d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, 149d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5f, 149.2d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5f, 149.7d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5f, 150d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5f, 149.7d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 5f, 150d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 150.4d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 150.9d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, 151d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 5.7 test cases.
-            // GREAT hit window is [ -45.8ms,  45.8ms]
-            // OK    hit window is [ -94.4ms,  94.4ms]
-            // MEH   hit window is [-143.0ms, 143.0ms]
-            // MISS  hit window is [-400.0ms, 400.0ms]
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 45d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 45.2d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 45.8d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 45.9d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 46d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 46.4d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 94d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 94.2d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 94.4d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 94.48d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 94.9d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 95d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 95.4d, HitResult.Meh },
+            // GREAT hit window is [ -44.5ms,  44.5ms]
+            // OK    hit window is [ -93.5ms,  93.5ms]
+            // MEH   hit window is [-142.5ms, 142.5ms]
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 44d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 44.2d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 44.8d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 45d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 45.4d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 93d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 93.4d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 93.9d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 94d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 94.4d, HitResult.Meh },
             new object[] { 5.7f, 142d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 142.7d, HitResult.Meh },
-            new object[] { 5.7f, 143d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 142.2d, HitResult.Meh },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 142.7d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 5.7f, 143d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5.7f, 143.4d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5.7f, 143.9d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5.7f, 144d, HitResult.Miss },

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderInput.cs

@@ -484,6 +484,47 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddAssert("no miss judgements recorded", () => judgementResults.All(r => r.Type.IsHit()));
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sliders are common to by 1/2 or 1/4 beat length in order to place the circle on the next beat.
+        /// This tests a user pressing the next circle in the window between the last tick and the end of the slider (<see cref="SliderEventGenerator.TAIL_LENIENCY"/>).
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitNextCircleDuringTailLeniency()
+        {
+            const double bpm = 240;
+            const double beat_length = 60000 / bpm;
+            const double slider_start = time_slider_start;
+            const double slider_end = slider_start + beat_length;
+            const double last_tick_time = slider_end + SliderEventGenerator.TAIL_LENIENCY;
+            const double next_circle_time = slider_end + beat_length / 4;
+
+            performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame { Position = Vector2.Zero, Actions = { OsuAction.LeftButton }, Time = time_slider_start },
+                    new OsuReplayFrame { Position = new Vector2(140, 0), Actions = { OsuAction.RightButton }, Time = last_tick_time + 20 },
+                },
+                [
+                    new Slider
+                    {
+                        StartTime = slider_start,
+                        Position = new Vector2(0, 0),
+                        TickDistanceMultiplier = 10, // no ticks
+                        Path = new SliderPath(PathType.PERFECT_CURVE, new[]
+                        {
+                            Vector2.Zero,
+                            new Vector2(100, 0),
+                        }, 100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = next_circle_time,
+                        Position = new Vector2(140, 0)
+                    }
+                ], bpm: bpm);
+
+            AddAssert("all judgements are hit", () => judgementResults.All(j => j.Type.IsHit()));
+        }
+
         private void assertAllMaxJudgements()
         {
             AddAssert("All judgements max", () =>
@@ -522,6 +563,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 }, slider_path_length),
             };
 
+            performTest(frames, [slider], bpm, tickRate);
+        }
+
+        private void performTest(List<ReplayFrame> frames, List<OsuHitObject> objects, double? bpm = null, int? tickRate = null)
+        {
             AddStep("load player", () =>
             {
                 var cpi = new ControlPointInfo();
@@ -531,7 +577,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
                 Beatmap.Value = CreateWorkingBeatmap(new Beatmap<OsuHitObject>
                 {
-                    HitObjects = { slider },
+                    HitObjects = objects,
                     BeatmapInfo =
                     {
                         Difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderLateHitJudgement.cs

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 100, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 100, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 99, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 99, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             });
 
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Ok);
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 100, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 100, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 99, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 99, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.SliderVelocityMultiplier = 2;
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.TickDistanceMultiplier = 0.2f;
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_end_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.SliderVelocityMultiplier = 2;
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.PERFECT_CURVE, new[]
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.PERFECT_CURVE, new[]
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position, OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.PERFECT_CURVE, new[]
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             performTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 150, slider_start_position - new Vector2(20), OsuAction.LeftButton),
-                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 150, slider_start_position - new Vector2(20), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_start + 149, slider_start_position - new Vector2(20), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(time_slider_end + 149, slider_start_position - new Vector2(20), OsuAction.LeftButton),
             }, s =>
             {
                 s.Path = new SliderPath(PathType.PERFECT_CURVE, new[]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Storyboards;
+using osu.Game.Tests;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         }
 
         [Test]
+        [FlakyTest]
         public void TestSpinPerMinuteOnRewind()
         {
             double estimatedSpm = 0;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneStartTimeOrderedHitPolicy.cs

@@ -476,15 +476,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         private class TestHitWindows : HitWindows
         {
-            private static readonly DifficultyRange[] ranges =
-            {
-                new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Great, 500, 500, 500),
-                new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Miss, early_miss_window, early_miss_window, early_miss_window),
-            };
-
             public override bool IsHitResultAllowed(HitResult result) => result == HitResult.Great || result == HitResult.Miss;
 
-            protected override DifficultyRange[] GetRanges() => ranges;
+            public override void SetDifficulty(double difficulty) { }
+
+            public override double WindowFor(HitResult result)
+            {
+                switch (result)
+                {
+                    case HitResult.Great:
+                        return 500;
+
+                    case HitResult.Miss:
+                        return early_miss_window;
+
+                    default:
+                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(result), result, null);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         private partial class ScoreAccessibleReplayPlayer : ReplayPlayer

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Beatmaps/OsuBeatmap.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps
@@ -22,21 +23,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps
             {
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = "Circles",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Circles,
                     Content = circles.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Circles),
                     BarDisplayLength = circles / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = "Sliders",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Sliders,
                     Content = sliders.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Sliders),
                     BarDisplayLength = sliders / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Spinners",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Spinners,
                     Content = spinners.ToString(),
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Spinners),
                     BarDisplayLength = Math.Min(spinners / 10f, 1),

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuPerformanceCalculator.cs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
             double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
 
-            overallDifficulty = (80 - greatHitWindow) / 6;
+            overallDifficulty = (79.5 - greatHitWindow) / 6;
             approachRate = preempt > 1200 ? (1800 - preempt) / 120 : (1200 - preempt) / 150 + 5;
 
             if (osuAttributes.SliderCount > 0)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Checks/CheckOsuLowestDiffDrainTime.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Checks
+{
+    public class CheckOsuLowestDiffDrainTime : CheckLowestDiffDrainTime
+    {
+        protected override IEnumerable<(DifficultyRating rating, double thresholdMs, string name)> GetThresholds()
+        {
+            // See lowest difficulty requirements in https://osu.ppy.sh/wiki/en/Ranking_criteria/osu%21#general
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Hard, new TimeSpan(0, 3, 30).TotalMilliseconds, "Hard");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Insane, new TimeSpan(0, 4, 15).TotalMilliseconds, "Insane");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Expert, new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0).TotalMilliseconds, "Expert");
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/OsuBeatmapVerifier.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit
             new CheckTimeDistanceEquality(),
             new CheckLowDiffOverlaps(),
             new CheckTooShortSliders(),
+            new CheckOsuLowestDiffDrainTime(),
 
             // Settings
             new CheckOsuAbnormalDifficultySettings(),

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         {
             get
             {
-                if (UserAdjustedSettingsCount != 1)
+                if (!IsExactlyOneSettingChanged(CircleSize, ApproachRate, OverallDifficulty, DrainRate))
                     return string.Empty;
 
                 if (!CircleSize.IsDefault) return format("CS", CircleSize);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModEasy.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
@@ -9,5 +10,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
     public class OsuModEasy : ModEasyWithExtraLives
     {
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Larger circles, more forgiving HP drain, less accuracy required, and extra lives!";
+
+        public override void ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        {
+            base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
+
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty *= ADJUST_RATIO;
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModHardRock.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         {
             base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
 
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty = Math.Min(difficulty.OverallDifficulty * ADJUST_RATIO, 10.0f);
             difficulty.CircleSize = Math.Min(difficulty.CircleSize * 1.3f, 10.0f); // CS uses a custom 1.3 ratio.
             difficulty.ApproachRate = Math.Min(difficulty.ApproachRate * ADJUST_RATIO, 10.0f);
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
-    internal class OsuModMagnetised : Mod, IUpdatableByPlayfield, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
+    public class OsuModMagnetised : Mod, IUpdatableByPlayfield, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
     {
         public override string Name => "Magnetised";
         public override string Acronym => "MG";

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModStrictTracking.cs

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 
@@ -83,7 +83,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             {
             }
 
-            public override Judgement CreateJudgement() => new OsuJudgement();
+            public override Judgement CreateJudgement() => new StrictTrackingTailJudgement();
+        }
+
+        public class StrictTrackingTailJudgement : SliderTailCircle.TailJudgement
+        {
+            public override HitResult MinResult => HitResult.LargeTickMiss;
         }
 
         private partial class StrictTrackingDrawableSliderTail : DrawableSliderTail

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTargetPractice.cs

@@ -115,10 +115,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         #region Reduce AR (IApplicableToDifficulty)
 
-        public void ReadFromDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
-        {
-        }
-
         public void ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
         {
             // Decrease AR to increase preempt time

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         /// </summary>
         public const double PREEMPT_MAX = 1800;
 
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange PREEMPT_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(PREEMPT_MAX, PREEMPT_MID, PREEMPT_MIN);
+
         public double TimePreempt { get; set; } = 600;
         public double TimeFadeIn = 400;
 
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
-            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, PREEMPT_MAX, PREEMPT_MID, PREEMPT_MIN);
+            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, PREEMPT_RANGE);
 
             // Preempt time can go below 450ms. Normally, this is achieved via the DT mod which uniformly speeds up all animations game wide regardless of AR.
             // This uniform speedup is hard to match 1:1, however we can at least make AR>10 (via mods) feel good by extending the upper linear function above.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Spinner.cs

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         /// <summary>
         /// The RPM required to clear the spinner at ODs [ 0, 5, 10 ].
         /// </summary>
-        private static readonly (int min, int mid, int max) clear_rpm_range = (90, 150, 225);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange CLEAR_RPM_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(90, 150, 225);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The RPM required to complete the spinner and receive full score at ODs [ 0, 5, 10 ].
         /// </summary>
-        private static readonly (int min, int mid, int max) complete_rpm_range = (250, 380, 430);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange COMPLETE_RPM_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(250, 380, 430);
 
         public double EndTime
         {
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
             // The average RPS required over the length of the spinner to clear the spinner.
-            double minRps = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, clear_rpm_range) / 60;
+            double minRps = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, CLEAR_RPM_RANGE) / 60;
 
             // The RPS required over the length of the spinner to receive full score (all normal + bonus ticks).
-            double maxRps = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, complete_rpm_range) / 60;
+            double maxRps = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, COMPLETE_RPM_RANGE) / 60;
 
             double secondsDuration = Duration / 1000;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -13,11 +15,13 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty;
@@ -40,6 +44,7 @@ using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Setup;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
@@ -365,22 +370,83 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
 
         /// <seealso cref="OsuHitObject.ApplyDefaultsToSelf"/>
         /// <seealso cref="OsuHitWindows"/>
-        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty, double rate)
+        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapInfo difficulty, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
         {
-            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(difficulty);
+            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, mods);
+            double rate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
 
             double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MAX, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MID, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MIN);
             preempt /= rate;
             adjustedDifficulty.ApproachRate = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(preempt, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MAX, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MID, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MIN);
 
-            var greatHitWindowRange = OsuHitWindows.OSU_RANGES.Single(range => range.Result == HitResult.Great);
-            double greatHitWindow = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, greatHitWindowRange.Min, greatHitWindowRange.Average, greatHitWindowRange.Max);
+            double greatHitWindow = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, OsuHitWindows.GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE);
             greatHitWindow /= rate;
-            adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(greatHitWindow, greatHitWindowRange.Min, greatHitWindowRange.Average, greatHitWindowRange.Max);
+            adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(greatHitWindow, OsuHitWindows.GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE);
 
             return adjustedDifficulty;
         }
 
+        public override IEnumerable<RulesetBeatmapAttribute> GetBeatmapAttributesForDisplay(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
+        {
+            var originalDifficulty = beatmapInfo.Difficulty;
+            // `modAdjustedDifficulty` contains only the direct effect of mods.
+            // `effectiveDifficulty` contains the "perceived" effect of rate-adjusting mods on OD and AR.
+            // we make a distinction here, because some of the calculations below will require very careful maneuvering between the two for correct results.
+            var modAdjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            var effectiveDifficulty = GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            var colours = new OsuColour();
+
+            // for circle size, we can use `effectiveDifficulty` directly
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.CircleSize, @"CS", originalDifficulty.CircleSize, effectiveDifficulty.CircleSize, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the size of hit circles and sliders.",
+                AdditionalMetrics =
+                [
+                    new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("Hit circle radius", (OsuHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateScaleFromCircleSize(effectiveDifficulty.CircleSize, applyFudge: true)).ToLocalisableString("0.#"))
+                ]
+            };
+
+            // for approach rate, we can use `effectiveDifficulty` directly, and it is even convenient to do so (it correctly handles rate-changing mods like DT/HT)
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.ApproachRate, @"AR", originalDifficulty.ApproachRate, effectiveDifficulty.ApproachRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects how early objects appear on screen relative to their hit time.",
+                AdditionalMetrics =
+                [
+                    new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("Approach time", LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"{IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(effectiveDifficulty.ApproachRate, OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_RANGE):#,0.##} ms"))
+                ]
+            };
+
+            // for OD is where it gets difficult.
+            // when displaying hit window ranges with rate-changing mods active, we will want to adjust for rate ourselves, as `effectiveDifficulty` may not be accurate
+            // because `OsuHitWindows` applies a floor-and-round operation that will result in inaccurate results
+            // (the floor-and-round needs to happen *before* rate is taken into account, not after).
+            // for spinner RPM requirements, we do not want to involve rate-changing mods *at all*,
+            // because rate-adjusting mods do not change the spin requirement (see `SpinnerRotationTracker.AddRotation()`).
+            var hitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(modAdjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            double rate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.Accuracy, @"OD", originalDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, effectiveDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects timing requirements for hit circles and spin speed requirements for spinners.",
+                AdditionalMetrics = hitWindows.GetAllAvailableWindows()
+                                              .Reverse()
+                                              .Select(window => new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric(
+                                                  $"{window.result.GetDescription().ToUpperInvariant()} hit window",
+                                                  LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"±{hitWindows.WindowFor(window.result) / rate:0.##} ms"),
+                                                  colours.ForHitResult(window.result)
+                                              )).Concat([
+                                                  new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("RPM required to clear spinners", LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"{IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(modAdjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Spinner.CLEAR_RPM_RANGE):N0} RPM")),
+                                                  new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("RPM required to get full spinner bonus", LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"{IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(modAdjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Spinner.COMPLETE_RPM_RANGE):N0} RPM")),
+                                              ]).ToArray()
+            };
+
+            // HP drain is thankfully simple enough.
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.HPDrain, @"HP", originalDifficulty.DrainRate, effectiveDifficulty.DrainRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the harshness of health drain and the health penalties for missing."
+            };
+        }
+
         public override bool EditorShowScrollSpeed => false;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Replays/OsuReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
@@ -47,5 +48,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays
 
             return new LegacyReplayFrame(Time, Position.X, Position.Y, state);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is OsuReplayFrame osuFrame && Time == osuFrame.Time && Position == osuFrame.Position && Actions.SequenceEqual(osuFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuHitWindows.cs

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
 {
     public class OsuHitWindows : HitWindows
     {
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(80, 50, 20);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange OK_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(140, 100, 60);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange MEH_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(200, 150, 100);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// osu! ruleset has a fixed miss window regardless of difficulty settings.
         /// </summary>
         public const double MISS_WINDOW = 400;
 
-        internal static readonly DifficultyRange[] OSU_RANGES =
-        {
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Great, 80, 50, 20),
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Ok, 140, 100, 60),
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Meh, 200, 150, 100),
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Miss, MISS_WINDOW, MISS_WINDOW, MISS_WINDOW),
-        };
+        private double great;
+        private double ok;
+        private double meh;
 
         public override bool IsHitResultAllowed(HitResult result)
         {
@@ -34,6 +36,32 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
             return false;
         }
 
-        protected override DifficultyRange[] GetRanges() => OSU_RANGES;
+        public override void SetDifficulty(double difficulty)
+        {
+            great = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+            ok = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, OK_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+            meh = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, MEH_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+        }
+
+        public override double WindowFor(HitResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    return great;
+
+                case HitResult.Ok:
+                    return ok;
+
+                case HitResult.Meh:
+                    return meh;
+
+                case HitResult.Miss:
+                    return MISS_WINDOW;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(result), result, null);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Judgements/TestSceneHitJudgements.cs

@@ -171,13 +171,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Judgements
             beatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(0, new TimingControlPoint { BeatLength = 6 });
             beatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(0, new EffectControlPoint { ScrollSpeed = 10 });
 
-            var hitWindows = new HitWindows();
+            var hitWindows = new DefaultHitWindows();
             hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             PerformTest(new List<ReplayFrame>
             {
                 new TaikoReplayFrame(0),
-                new TaikoReplayFrame(hit_time - hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great), TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(hit_time - (hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) + 0.1), TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
             }, beatmap);
 
             AssertJudgementCount(1);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Mods/TestSceneTaikoModSimplifiedRhythm.cs

@@ -148,5 +148,96 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Mods
             },
             PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 8 && Player.ScoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value == 1
         });
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Regression tests a case of 1/3rd conversion where there are exactly div-3 number of hitobjects.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOnlyOneThirdConversion()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new TaikoModSimplifiedRhythm
+                {
+                    OneThirdConversion = { Value = true },
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+                CreateBeatmap = () => new Beatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                    {
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 1000, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 1333, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 1666, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 1500
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 2000, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 2333, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                        new Hit { StartTime = 2666, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 2500
+                    },
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(1000, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(1200),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(1500, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(1700),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(2000, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(2200),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(2500, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                    new TaikoReplayFrame(2700),
+                },
+                PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 4 && Player.ScoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value == 1
+            });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Regression tests a case of 1/6th conversion where there are exactly div-6 number of hitobjects.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOnlyOneSixthConversion() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new TaikoModSimplifiedRhythm
+            {
+                OneSixthConversion = { Value = true }
+            },
+            Autoplay = false,
+            CreateBeatmap = () => new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1166, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1333, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 1250
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1500, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1666, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1833, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 1750
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2166, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2333, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 2250
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2500, Type = HitType.Centre },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2666, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod removes this
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2833, Type = HitType.Centre }, // mod moves this to 2750
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1000, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1200),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1250, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1450),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1500, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1600),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1750, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(1800),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2000, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2200),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2250, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2450),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2500, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2600),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2750, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
+                new TaikoReplayFrame(2800),
+            },
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 8 && Player.ScoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value == 1
+        });
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoRateAdjustedDisplayDifficultyTest.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
 {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new TaikoRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { OverallDifficulty = originalOverallDifficulty };
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, []);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(originalOverallDifficulty));
         }
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new TaikoRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 0.75);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new TaikoModHalfTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(1.11).Within(0.01));
         }
@@ -43,8 +46,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
         {
             var ruleset = new TaikoRuleset();
             var difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty();
+            var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { Difficulty = difficulty };
 
-            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(difficulty, 1.5);
+            var adjustedDifficulty = ruleset.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, [new TaikoModDoubleTime()]);
 
             Assert.That(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, Is.EqualTo(8.89).Within(0.01));
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback.cs

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneLegacyReplayPlayback : LegacyReplayPlaybackTestScene
     {
         protected override string? ExportLocation => null;
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
                 ScoreInfo = new ScoreInfo
                 {
                     Ruleset = CreateRuleset().RulesetInfo,
-                    Mods = [new TaikoModHardRock()]
+                    Mods = [new TaikoModEasy()]
                 }
             };
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TestSceneReplayStability.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
 {
-    [Ignore("These tests are expected to fail until an acceptable solution for various replay playback issues concerning rounding of replay frame times & hit windows is found.")]
     public partial class TestSceneReplayStability : ReplayStabilityTestScene
     {
         private static readonly object[][] test_cases =
@@ -22,40 +21,38 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
             // while round brackets `()` represent *open* or *exclusive* bounds.
 
             // OD = 5 test cases.
-            // GREAT hit window is [-35ms, 35ms]
-            // OK    hit window is [-80ms, 80ms]
-            // MISS  hit window is [-95ms, 95ms]
+            // GREAT hit window is [-34.5ms, 34.5ms]
+            // OK    hit window is [-79.5ms, 79.5ms]
+            // MISS  hit window is [-94.5ms, 94.5ms]
             new object[] { 5f, -34d, HitResult.Great },
             new object[] { 5f, -34.2d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5f, -34.7d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 5f, -35d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 5f, -34.7d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5f, -35d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -35.2d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -35.8d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -36d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -79d, HitResult.Ok },
             new object[] { 5f, -79.3d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, -79.7d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 5f, -80d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 5f, -79.7d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 5f, -80d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -80.2d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -80.8d, HitResult.Miss },
             new object[] { 5f, -81d, HitResult.Miss },
 
             // OD = 7.8 test cases.
-            // GREAT hit window is [-26.6ms, 26.6ms]
-            // OK    hit window is [-63.2ms, 63.2ms]
-            // MISS  hit window is [-81.0ms, 81.0ms]
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -26d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -26.4d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -26.59d, HitResult.Great },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -26.8d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -27d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -27.1d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -63d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -63.18d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -63.4d, HitResult.Ok },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -63.7d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -64d, HitResult.Miss },
-            new object[] { 7.8f, -64.2d, HitResult.Miss },
+            // GREAT hit window is [-25.5ms, 25.5ms]
+            // OK    hit window is [-62.5ms, 62.5ms]
+            // MISS  hit window is [-80.5ms, 80.5ms]
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -25d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -25.4d, HitResult.Great },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -25.8d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -26d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -26.1d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -62d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -62.4d, HitResult.Ok },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -62.7d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -63d, HitResult.Miss },
+            new object[] { 7.8f, -63.2d, HitResult.Miss },
         };
 
         [TestCaseSource(nameof(test_cases))]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TestSceneTaikoHitObjectSamples.cs

@@ -14,26 +14,27 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
 
         protected override IResourceStore<byte[]> RulesetResources => new DllResourceStore(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(TestSceneTaikoHitObjectSamples)));
 
-        [TestCase("taiko-normal-hitnormal")]
-        [TestCase("hitnormal")]
-        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromBeatmap(string expectedSample)
+        [TestCase("taiko-normal-hitnormal2", "taiko-normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("hitnormal", "hitnormal")]
+        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromBeatmap(string beatmapSkinSampleName, string userSkinSampleName)
         {
-            SetupSkins(expectedSample, expectedSample);
+            SetupSkins(beatmapSkinSampleName, userSkinSampleName);
 
             CreateTestWithBeatmap("taiko-hitobject-beatmap-custom-sample-bank.osu");
 
-            AssertBeatmapLookup(expectedSample);
+            AssertBeatmapLookup(beatmapSkinSampleName);
         }
 
-        [TestCase("taiko-normal-hitnormal")]
-        [TestCase("hitnormal")]
-        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromUserSkinFallback(string expectedSample)
+        [TestCase("", "taiko-normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("taiko-normal-hitnormal", "taiko-normal-hitnormal")]
+        [TestCase("", "hitnormal")]
+        public void TestDefaultCustomSampleFromUserSkinFallback(string beatmapSkinSampleName, string userSkinSampleName)
         {
-            SetupSkins(string.Empty, expectedSample);
+            SetupSkins(beatmapSkinSampleName, userSkinSampleName);
 
             CreateTestWithBeatmap("taiko-hitobject-beatmap-custom-sample-bank.osu");
 
-            AssertUserLookup(expectedSample);
+            AssertUserLookup(userSkinSampleName);
         }
 
         [TestCase("taiko-normal-hitnormal2")]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Beatmaps/TaikoBeatmap.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
@@ -22,21 +23,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
             {
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Hits",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Hits,
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Circles),
                     Content = hits.ToString(),
                     BarDisplayLength = hits / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Drumrolls",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Drumrolls,
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Sliders),
                     Content = drumRolls.ToString(),
                     BarDisplayLength = drumRolls / (float)sum,
                 },
                 new BeatmapStatistic
                 {
-                    Name = @"Swells",
+                    Name = BeatmapStatisticStrings.Swells,
                     CreateIcon = () => new BeatmapStatisticIcon(BeatmapStatisticsIconType.Spinners),
                     Content = swells.ToString(),
                     BarDisplayLength = Math.Min(swells / 10f, 1),

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Beatmaps/TaikoBeatmapConverter.cs

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
 
                 case IHasDuration endTimeData:
                 {
-                    double hitMultiplier = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5) * swell_hit_multiplier;
+                    double hitMultiplier = RequiredSwellHitsPerSecond(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
                     yield return new Swell
                     {
@@ -172,6 +172,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
             }
         }
 
+        public static double RequiredSwellHitsPerSecond(double overallDifficulty)
+            => IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(overallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5) * swell_hit_multiplier;
+
         private bool shouldConvertSliderToHits(HitObject obj, IBeatmap beatmap, IHasPath pathData, out int taikoDuration, out double tickSpacing)
         {
             // DO NOT CHANGE OR REFACTOR ANYTHING IN HERE WITHOUT TESTING AGAINST _ALL_ BEATMAPS.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Checks/CheckTaikoLowestDiffDrainTime.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Edit.Checks
+{
+    public class CheckTaikoLowestDiffDrainTime : CheckLowestDiffDrainTime
+    {
+        protected override IEnumerable<(DifficultyRating rating, double thresholdMs, string name)> GetThresholds()
+        {
+            // See lowest difficulty requirements in https://osu.ppy.sh/wiki/en/Ranking_criteria/osu%21taiko#general
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Hard, new TimeSpan(0, 3, 30).TotalMilliseconds, "Muzukashii");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Insane, new TimeSpan(0, 4, 15).TotalMilliseconds, "Oni");
+            yield return (DifficultyRating.Expert, new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0).TotalMilliseconds, "Inner Oni");
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/TaikoBeatmapVerifier.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Edit
             // Compose
             new CheckConcurrentObjects(),
 
+            // Spread
+            new CheckTaikoLowestDiffDrainTime(),
+
             // Settings
             new CheckTaikoAbnormalDifficultySettings(),
         };

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
         {
             get
             {
-                if (UserAdjustedSettingsCount != 1)
+                if (!IsExactlyOneSettingChanged(ScrollSpeed, OverallDifficulty, DrainRate))
                     return string.Empty;
 
-                if (!ScrollSpeed.IsDefault) return format("SC", ScrollSpeed);
-                if (!OverallDifficulty.IsDefault) return format("OD", OverallDifficulty);
-                if (!DrainRate.IsDefault) return format("HP", DrainRate);
+                if (!ScrollSpeed.IsDefault) return format("SC", ScrollSpeed, 2);
+                if (!OverallDifficulty.IsDefault) return format("OD", OverallDifficulty, 1);
+                if (!DrainRate.IsDefault) return format("HP", DrainRate, 1);
 
                 return string.Empty;
 
-                string format(string acronym, DifficultyBindable bindable) => $"{acronym}{bindable.Value!.Value.ToStandardFormattedString(1)}";
+                string format(string acronym, DifficultyBindable bindable, int digits) => $"{acronym}{bindable.Value!.Value.ToStandardFormattedString(digits)}";
             }
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModEasy.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
         public override void ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
+
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty *= ADJUST_RATIO;
             difficulty.SliderMultiplier *= slider_multiplier;
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModHardRock.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
         public override void ApplyToDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyToDifficulty(difficulty);
+
+            difficulty.OverallDifficulty = Math.Min(difficulty.OverallDifficulty * ADJUST_RATIO, 10.0f);
             difficulty.SliderMultiplier *= slider_multiplier;
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModSimplifiedRhythm.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
             var taikoBeatmap = (TaikoBeatmap)beatmap;
             var controlPointInfo = taikoBeatmap.ControlPointInfo;
 
-            Hit[] hits = taikoBeatmap.HitObjects.Where(obj => obj is Hit).Cast<Hit>().ToArray();
+            Hit[] hits = taikoBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<Hit>().ToArray();
 
             if (hits.Length == 0)
                 return;
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
                     if (inPattern)
                     {
                         // pattern continues
-                        if (snapValue == baseRhythm) continue;
+                        if (snapValue == baseRhythm)
+                            continue;
 
                         inPattern = false;
-
                         processPattern(i);
                     }
                     else
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
                                 if (indexInPattern % 3 == 1)
                                     taikoBeatmap.HitObjects.Remove(hits[j]);
                                 else if (indexInPattern % 3 == 2)
-                                    hits[j].StartTime = hits[j + 1].StartTime - controlPointInfo.TimingPointAt(hits[j].StartTime).BeatLength / adjustedRhythm;
+                                    hits[j].StartTime = hits[j - 2].StartTime + controlPointInfo.TimingPointAt(hits[j].StartTime).BeatLength / adjustedRhythm;
 
                                 break;
                             }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Replays/TaikoReplayFrame.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
@@ -42,5 +43,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Replays
 
             return new LegacyReplayFrame(Time, null, null, state);
         }
+
+        public override bool IsEquivalentTo(ReplayFrame other)
+            => other is TaikoReplayFrame taikoFrame && Time == taikoFrame.Time && Actions.SequenceEqual(taikoFrame.Actions);
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHitWindows.cs

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
 {
     public class TaikoHitWindows : HitWindows
     {
-        internal static readonly DifficultyRange[] TAIKO_RANGES =
-        {
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Great, 50, 35, 20),
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Ok, 120, 80, 50),
-            new DifficultyRange(HitResult.Miss, 135, 95, 70),
-        };
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(50, 35, 20);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange OK_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(120, 80, 50);
+        public static readonly DifficultyRange MISS_WINDOW_RANGE = new DifficultyRange(135, 95, 70);
+
+        private double great;
+        private double ok;
+        private double miss;
 
         public override bool IsHitResultAllowed(HitResult result)
         {
@@ -27,6 +30,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
             return false;
         }
 
-        protected override DifficultyRange[] GetRanges() => TAIKO_RANGES;
+        public override void SetDifficulty(double difficulty)
+        {
+            great = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+            ok = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, OK_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+            miss = Math.Floor(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty, MISS_WINDOW_RANGE)) - 0.5;
+        }
+
+        public override double WindowFor(HitResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    return great;
+
+                case HitResult.Ok:
+                    return ok;
+
+                case HitResult.Miss:
+                    return miss;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(result), result, null);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
@@ -33,11 +34,13 @@ using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Edit.Setup;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Default;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Setup;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
 {
@@ -270,16 +273,57 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
         }
 
         /// <seealso cref="TaikoHitWindows"/>
-        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetRateAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty, double rate)
+        public override BeatmapDifficulty GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
         {
-            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(difficulty);
+            BeatmapDifficulty adjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            double rate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
 
-            var greatHitWindowRange = TaikoHitWindows.TAIKO_RANGES.Single(range => range.Result == HitResult.Great);
-            double greatHitWindow = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, greatHitWindowRange.Min, greatHitWindowRange.Average, greatHitWindowRange.Max);
+            double greatHitWindow = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, TaikoHitWindows.GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE);
             greatHitWindow /= rate;
-            adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(greatHitWindow, greatHitWindowRange.Min, greatHitWindowRange.Average, greatHitWindowRange.Max);
+            adjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.InverseDifficultyRange(greatHitWindow, TaikoHitWindows.GREAT_WINDOW_RANGE);
 
             return adjustedDifficulty;
         }
+
+        public override IEnumerable<RulesetBeatmapAttribute> GetBeatmapAttributesForDisplay(IBeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<Mod> mods)
+        {
+            var originalDifficulty = beatmapInfo.Difficulty;
+            // `modAdjustedDifficulty` contains only the direct effect of mods.
+            // `effectiveDifficulty` contains the "perceived" effect of rate-adjusting mods on OD and AR.
+            // we make a distinction here, because some of the calculations below will require very careful maneuvering between the two for correct results.
+            var modAdjustedDifficulty = base.GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            var effectiveDifficulty = GetAdjustedDisplayDifficulty(beatmapInfo, mods);
+            var colours = new OsuColour();
+
+            // when displaying hit window ranges with rate-changing mods active, we will want to adjust for rate ourselves, as `effectiveDifficulty` may not be accurate
+            // because `TaikoHitWindows` applies a floor-and-round operation that will result in inaccurate results
+            // (the floor-and-round needs to happen *before* rate is taken into account, not after).
+            var hitWindows = new TaikoHitWindows();
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(modAdjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            double rate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.Accuracy, @"OD", originalDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, effectiveDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects timing requirements for hits and mash rate requirements for swells.",
+                AdditionalMetrics = hitWindows.GetAllAvailableWindows()
+                                              .Reverse()
+                                              .Select(window => new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric(
+                                                  $"{window.result.GetDescription().ToUpperInvariant()} hit window",
+                                                  LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"±{hitWindows.WindowFor(window.result) / rate:0.##} ms"),
+                                                  colours.ForHitResult(window.result)
+                                              ))
+                                              .Append(new RulesetBeatmapAttribute.AdditionalMetric("Hits per second required to clear swells", LocalisableString.Interpolate($@"{TaikoBeatmapConverter.RequiredSwellHitsPerSecond(modAdjustedDifficulty.OverallDifficulty):0.#}")))
+                                              .ToArray()
+            };
+
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.HPDrain, @"HP", originalDifficulty.DrainRate, effectiveDifficulty.DrainRate, 10)
+            {
+                Description = "Affects the harshness of health drain and the health penalties for missing."
+            };
+
+            yield return new RulesetBeatmapAttribute(SongSelectStrings.ScrollSpeed, @"SS", 1f, (float)(effectiveDifficulty.SliderMultiplier / originalDifficulty.SliderMultiplier), 4)
+            {
+                Description = "Multiplier applied to the baseline scroll speed of the playfield when no mods are active."
+            };
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapEncoderTest.cs

@@ -211,6 +211,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
             Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.skin.Configuration.CustomComboColours, Has.Count.EqualTo(8));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEncodeStabilityOfSliderWithFractionalCoordinates()
+        {
+            Slider originalSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                Position = new Vector2(0.6f),
+                Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                {
+                    new PathControlPoint(Vector2.Zero, PathType.PERFECT_CURVE),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(25.6f, 78.4f)),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(55.8f, 34.2f)),
+                })
+            };
+            var beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = { originalSlider }
+            };
+
+            var encoded = encodeToLegacy((beatmap, new TestLegacySkin(beatmaps_resource_store, string.Empty)));
+            var decodedAfterEncode = decodeFromLegacy(encoded, string.Empty, version: LegacyBeatmapEncoder.FIRST_LAZER_VERSION);
+            var decodedSlider = (Slider)decodedAfterEncode.beatmap.HitObjects[0];
+            Assert.That(decodedSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(p => p.Position),
+                Is.EquivalentTo(originalSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(p => p.Position)));
+        }
+
         private bool areComboColoursEqual(IHasComboColours a, IHasComboColours b)
         {
             // equal to null, no need to SequenceEqual
@@ -233,11 +258,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
             }
         }
 
-        private (IBeatmap beatmap, TestLegacySkin skin) decodeFromLegacy(Stream stream, string name)
+        private (IBeatmap beatmap, TestLegacySkin skin) decodeFromLegacy(Stream stream, string name, int version = LegacyDecoder<Beatmap>.LATEST_VERSION)
         {
             using (var reader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
             {
-                var beatmap = new LegacyBeatmapDecoder { ApplyOffsets = false }.Decode(reader);
+                var beatmap = new LegacyBeatmapDecoder(version) { ApplyOffsets = false }.Decode(reader);
                 var beatmapSkin = new TestLegacySkin(beatmaps_resource_store, name);
                 stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                 beatmapSkin.Configuration = new LegacySkinDecoder().Decode(reader);

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyScoreDecoderTest.cs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.IO.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Replays;
@@ -321,6 +322,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                 CountryCode = CountryCode.PL
             };
             scoreInfo.ClientVersion = "2023.1221.0";
+            scoreInfo.Pauses.AddRange([111111, 222222, 333333]);
 
             var beatmap = new TestBeatmap(ruleset);
             var score = new Score
@@ -345,6 +347,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                 Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.Mods, Is.EqualTo(scoreInfo.Mods));
                 Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.ClientVersion, Is.EqualTo("2023.1221.0"));
                 Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.RealmUser.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(3035836));
+                Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.Pauses, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { 111111, 222222, 333333 }));
             });
         }