Refactor aim/speed sliderbreak estimation calculation calls (#37654 )

Make Ok adjustment formula more stable (#37263 )
Current formula can output drastically different values on simlar countOk / estimatedSliderBreaks amounts. For example if countOk is 10, then changing estimatedSliderBreaks from 9 to 10 is gonna change okAdjustment from 0.15 to 0.05, what is a 3 times lower resulting "estimated sliderbreaks" value. This PR is fixing that in the most simple way - by increasing the buffer constants, so very small variables won't skew the result as much. --------- Co-authored-by: James Wilson <tsunyoku@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: StanR <hi@stanr.info> Co-authored-by: StanR <8269193+stanriders@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-05-13 23:23:32 +08:00 · 2026-05-06 17:54:24 +01:00 · 2026-05-06 12:31:20 +00:00 · 2026-05-06 12:17:17 +00:00 · 2026-05-06 12:12:36 +05:00 · 2026-05-04 20:29:33 +00:00
644 changed files with 25226 additions and 18914 deletions
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Copy labels from linked issues
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    types: [opened]
-
-permissions:
-  issues: write # to read the labels of any linked issue(s), and to put the found labels if any on the PR
-  # not granting any `pull_requests` permissions because in github's modeling pull requests are a subset of issues. it's confusing.
-
-jobs:
-  copy-labels:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: Copy labels from linked issues
-    steps:
-      - name: Copy labels
-        uses: michalvankodev/copy-issue-labels@v1.3.0
-        with:
-          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -38,8 +38,12 @@ jobs:
      run: ./UseLocalOsu.sh
      working-directory: ./osu-tools

+    - name: Build tools
+      run: dotnet build PerformanceCalculator --nologo --verbosity quiet
+      working-directory: ./osu-tools
+
    - name: Regenerate mod definitions
-      run: dotnet run --project PerformanceCalculator -- mods > ../osu-web/database/mods.json
+      run: dotnet run --project PerformanceCalculator --no-build -- mods > ../osu-web/database/mods.json
      working-directory: ./osu-tools

    - name: Create pull request with changes
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
    </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj" />
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform
        {
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
    }
 }
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj" />
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
        {
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
    }
 }
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj" />
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling
        {
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
    }
 }
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj" />
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
        {
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => Array.Empty<Skill>();
    }
 }
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
    <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2026.129.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2026.310.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.
@@ -5,16 +5,13 @@
 				 android:supportsRtl="true"
 				 android:label="osu!"
 				 android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
-				 android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
-	<!-- for editor usage -->
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" />
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO" />
-	<!--
-		READ_MEDIA_* permissions are available only on API 33 or greater. Devices with older android versions
-		don't understand the new permissions, so request the old READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission to get storage access.
-		Since the old permission has no effect on >= API 33, don't request it.
-
-		Care needs to be taken to ensure runtime permission checks target the correct permission for the API level.
-	-->
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:maxSdkVersion="32"/>
+				 android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher">
+        <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
+                  android:authorities="sh.ppy.osulazer.fileprovider"
+                  android:grantUriPermissions="true"
+                  android:exported="false">
+            <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
+                       android:resource="@xml/filepaths" />
+        </provider>
+    </application>
 </manifest>
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<paths>
+    <!-- https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/core/content/FileProvider -->
+    <external-files-path path="logs" name="logs" />
+    <external-files-path path="exports" name="exports" />
+</paths>
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="9.0.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.2.1.24" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="10.0.5" />
+    <PackageReference Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.6.1.70" />
    <PackageReference Include="Velopack" Version="0.0.1298" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup Label="Resources">
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
-using osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel;
+using osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Filtering;

 namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
 {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
            Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Loved
        };

-        private CarouselBeatmap carouselBeatmap = null!;
+        private FilterMatchingTest.CarouselBeatmap carouselBeatmap = null!;
        private FilterCriteria criteria1 = null!;
        private FilterCriteria criteria2 = null!;
        private FilterCriteria criteria3 = null!;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
            var beatmap = getExampleBeatmap();
            beatmap.OnlineID = 20201010;
            beatmap.BeatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo { OnlineID = 1535 };
-            carouselBeatmap = new CarouselBeatmap(beatmap);
+            carouselBeatmap = new FilterMatchingTest.CarouselBeatmap(beatmap);
            criteria1 = new FilterCriteria();
            criteria2 = new FilterCriteria
            {
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.15.8" />
+    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Skinning.Legacy;
@@ -21,9 +22,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
            var skinSource = new SkinProvidingContainer(rawSkin);
            var skin = new CatchLegacySkinTransformer(skinSource);

-            Assert.AreEqual(new Color4(232, 185, 35, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDash)?.Value);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Color4(232, 74, 35, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDashAfterImage)?.Value);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Color4(0, 255, 255, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDashFruit)?.Value);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Color4(232, 185, 35, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDash)?.Value);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Color4(232, 74, 35, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDashAfterImage)?.Value);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Color4(0, 255, 255, 255), skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDashFruit)?.Value);
        }

        private class TestLegacySkin : LegacySkin
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
@@ -176,15 +176,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch

        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new SpriteIcon { Icon = OsuIcon.RulesetCatch };

-        protected override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
+        public override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                HitResult.Great,
+                HitResult.Miss,

                HitResult.LargeTickHit,
+                HitResult.LargeTickMiss,
                HitResult.SmallTickHit,
+                HitResult.SmallTickMiss,
                HitResult.LargeBonus,
+                HitResult.IgnoreHit,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
            };
        }

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Utils;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
 {
@@ -22,8 +23,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
    {
        private const double difficulty_multiplier = 4.59;

-        private float halfCatcherWidth;
-
        public override int Version => 20251020;

        public CatchDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
        {
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            if (beatmap.HitObjects.Count == 0)
                return new CatchDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods };
@@ -46,12 +45,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
            return attributes;
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate)
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
            CatchHitObject? lastObject = null;

            List<DifficultyHitObject> objects = new List<DifficultyHitObject>();

+            double clockRate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+
+            float halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.Difficulty) * 0.5f;
+
+            // For circle sizes above 5.5, reduce the catcher width further to simulate imperfect gameplay.
+            halfCatcherWidth *= 1 - (Math.Max(0, beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize - 5.5f) * 0.0625f);
+
            // In 2B beatmaps, it is possible that a normal Fruit is placed in the middle of a JuiceStream.
            foreach (var hitObject in CatchBeatmap.GetPalpableObjects(beatmap.HitObjects))
            {
@@ -68,16 +74,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
            return objects;
        }

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
-            halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.Difficulty) * 0.5f;
-
-            // For circle sizes above 5.5, reduce the catcher width further to simulate imperfect gameplay.
-            halfCatcherWidth *= 1 - (Math.Max(0, beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize - 5.5f) * 0.0625f);
-
            return new Skill[]
            {
-                new Movement(mods, halfCatcherWidth, clockRate),
+                new Movement(mods),
            };
        }

@@ -11,12 +11,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty.Evaluators
    {
        private const double direction_change_bonus = 21.0;

-        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, double catcherSpeedMultiplier)
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
            var catchCurrent = (CatchDifficultyHitObject)current;
            var catchLast = (CatchDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0);
            var catchLastLast = (CatchDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(1);

+            // In catch, clockrate adjustments do not only affect the timings of hitobjects,
+            // but also the speed of the player's catcher, which has an impact on difficulty
+            double catcherSpeedMultiplier = current.ClockRate;
+
            double weightedStrainTime = catchCurrent.StrainTime + 13 + (3 / catcherSpeedMultiplier);

            double distanceAddition = (Math.Pow(Math.Abs(catchCurrent.DistanceMoved), 1.3) / 510);
@@ -40,6 +44,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty.Evaluators
                                    / (CatchDifficultyHitObject.NORMALIZED_HALF_CATCHER_WIDTH * 6) / sqrtStrain;
            }

+            // Linear spacing nerf.
+            double linearSpacingCount = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(current.Index, 10); i++)
+            {
+                var catchPrevObj = (CatchDifficultyHitObject)catchCurrent.Previous(i);
+
+                // Only same direction movements matter as they do not take any additional inputs.
+                if (Math.Sign(catchCurrent.DistanceMoved) != Math.Sign(catchPrevObj.DistanceMoved) || catchCurrent.DistanceMoved == 0 || catchPrevObj.DistanceMoved == 0)
+                    break;
+
+                double currentSpacing = Math.Abs(catchCurrent.DistanceMoved / catchCurrent.StrainTime);
+                double prevSpacing = Math.Abs(catchPrevObj.DistanceMoved / catchPrevObj.StrainTime);
+
+                double relativeDifference = Math.Abs(currentSpacing / prevSpacing - 1);
+
+                if (relativeDifference > 0.05)
+                    break;
+
+                linearSpacingCount++;
+            }
+
+            distanceAddition *= Math.Pow(0.7, linearSpacingCount);
+
            // Bonus for edge dashes.
            if (catchCurrent.LastObject.DistanceToHyperDash <= 20.0f)
            {
@@ -17,28 +17,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty.Skills

        protected override int SectionLength => 750;

-        protected readonly float HalfCatcherWidth;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The speed multiplier applied to the player's catcher.
-        /// </summary>
-        private readonly double catcherSpeedMultiplier;
-
-        public Movement(Mod[] mods, float halfCatcherWidth, double clockRate)
+        public Movement(Mod[] mods)
            : base(mods)
        {
-            HalfCatcherWidth = halfCatcherWidth;
-
-            // In catch, clockrate adjustments do not only affect the timings of hitobjects,
-            // but also the speed of the player's catcher, which has an impact on difficulty
-            // TODO: Support variable clockrates caused by mods such as ModTimeRamp
-            //  (perhaps by using IApplicableToRate within the CatchDifficultyHitObject constructor to set a catcher speed for each object before processing)
-            catcherSpeedMultiplier = clockRate;
        }

        protected override double StrainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
-            return MovementEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, catcherSpeedMultiplier);
+            return MovementEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Input;
+using DragArea = osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components.Timeline.TimelineHitObjectBlueprint.DragArea;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Editor
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneHoldNoteTailDrag : EditorTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreateEditorRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
+
+        [SetUpSteps]
+        public override void SetUpSteps()
+        {
+            base.SetUpSteps();
+            AddStep("Clear objects", () => EditorBeatmap.Clear());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSimpleTailDragForward()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold note", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5 });
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().Single();
+                dragForward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is higher", () => ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.First())!.Duration > 937.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSimpleTailDragBackwards()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold note", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5 });
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().Single();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is lower", () => ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration < 937.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSamePositionButNotSelectedDragForward()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragForward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is higher, other is unchanged", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration > 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration == 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSamePositionButNotSelectedDragBackward()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is lower, other is unchanged", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration < 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration == 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSamePositionSelectedDragForward()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragForward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Both durations are higher", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration > 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration > 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSamePositionSelectedDragBackward()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Both durations are lower", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration < 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration < 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectedButDifferentPositions()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2404, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is unchanged, other is lower", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration == 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration < 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectedSameStartTimeDifferentDurations()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 1171.8, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag until both match", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(blueprintDragArea);
+                InputManager.PressKey(Key.LShift);
+                InputManager.PressButton(MouseButton.Left);
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(new Vector2(1000, 110));
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Continue the drag", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is unchanged, other is lower", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration == 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration < 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectedSameDurationDifferentStartTimes()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2638.7, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is unchanged, other is lower", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration == 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration < 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDragNoteOutsideOfSelection()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add hold notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 1 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select the back stack slider", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Add(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.Last());
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Duration is lower, other is unchanged", () =>
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0]).Duration < 937.5f &&
+                ((HoldNote)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[^1]).Duration == 937.5f
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDragHoldNoteWithNotes()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add notes", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.AddRange([
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 0 },
+                    new Note { StartTime = 2170, Column = 1 },
+                    new Note { StartTime = 3107.5, Column = 2 },
+                    new HoldNote { StartTime = 2170, Duration = 937.5, Column = 3 }
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select all", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(EditorBeatmap.HitObjects);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Drag tail", () =>
+            {
+                var blueprintDragArea = this.ChildrenOfType<DragArea>().First();
+                dragBackward(blueprintDragArea);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Release tail", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+            AddAssert("Both durations are lower", () =>
+                {
+                    var holdNotes = EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<HoldNote>();
+                    return holdNotes.First().Duration < 937.5f && holdNotes.Last().Duration < 937.5f;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        private void dragForward(DragArea dragArea)
+        {
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(dragArea);
+            InputManager.PressButton(MouseButton.Left);
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(new Vector2(1100, 110));
+        }
+
+        private void dragBackward(DragArea dragArea)
+        {
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(dragArea);
+            InputManager.PressButton(MouseButton.Left);
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(new Vector2(700, 110));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Editor
            AddStep("change seek setting to true", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.EditorAutoSeekOnPlacement, true));
            placeObject();
            AddUntilStep("wait for seek to complete", () => !EditorClock.IsSeeking);
-            AddAssert("seeked forward to object", () => EditorClock.CurrentTime, () => Is.GreaterThan(initialTime));
+            AddAssert("seeked forward to object", () => EditorClock.CurrentTime, () => Is.GreaterThan(initialTime!));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
@@ -18,19 +19,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.Equal, "1");

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 1 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 2 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = 0 }, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria
                {
@@ -44,19 +45,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.Equal, "1,3,5,7");

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 1 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 2 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = 0 }, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria
                {
@@ -70,19 +71,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.NotEqual, "1");

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 1 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 2 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = 0 }, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria
                {
@@ -96,19 +97,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.NotEqual, "1,3,5,7");

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 1 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 2 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = 0 }, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria
                {
@@ -122,23 +123,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "4");

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 1 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 2 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 5 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = 0 }, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria
                {
@@ -153,23 +154,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.Greater, "4");
            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.NotEqual, "7");

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 3 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 4 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 5 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 7 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));

-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(
                new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo, new BeatmapDifficulty { CircleSize = 9 }),
                new FilterCriteria()));
        }
@@ -179,9 +180,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
        {
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();

-            Assert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.Equal, "some text"));
-            Assert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.NotEqual, "4,some text"));
-            Assert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "4,5,6"));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.Equal, "some text"));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.NotEqual, "4,some text"));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("keys", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "4,5,6"));
        }

        [TestCase]
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 0,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 0
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo1, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo1, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "0");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo2 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 0
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo2, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo2, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "100");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo3 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 100
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo3, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo3, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "1");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo4 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 1
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo4, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo4, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "0.1");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo5 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 1000,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 1
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo5, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo5, filterCriteria));
        }

        [TestCase]
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 0,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 0
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo1, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo1, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "0");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo2 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 0
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo2, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo2, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "100");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo3 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 100
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo3, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo3, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "1");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo4 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 1
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo4, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo4, filterCriteria));

            criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "0.1");
            BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo5 = new BeatmapInfo(new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo)
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 1000,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 1
            };
-            Assert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo5, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.True(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo5, filterCriteria));
        }

        [TestCase]
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
                TotalObjectCount = 100,
                EndTimeObjectCount = 50
            };
-            Assert.False(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo, filterCriteria));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.Matches(beatmapInfo, filterCriteria));
        }

        [TestCase]
@@ -307,8 +308,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
        {
            var criteria = new ManiaFilterCriteria();

-            Assert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "some text"));
-            Assert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "1some text"));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.Equal, "some text"));
+            ClassicAssert.False(criteria.TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria("lns", Operator.GreaterOrEqual, "1some text"));
        }
    }
 }
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
 {
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
        {
            var definition = new StageDefinition(columns);
            var results = getResults(definition);
-            Assert.AreEqual(special, results);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(special, results);
        }

        private IEnumerable<bool> getResults(StageDefinition definition)
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
        public void TestMapHasNoHoldNotes()
        {
            var testBeatmap = createModdedBeatmap();
-            Assert.False(testBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<HoldNote>().Any());
+            ClassicAssert.False(testBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<HoldNote>().Any());
        }

        [Test]
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
@@ -33,11 +34,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -54,11 +55,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -74,11 +75,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -96,13 +97,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 2, "Incorrect number of frames");

-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect release time");

-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -119,15 +120,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 4, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect first note release time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(2000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect second note hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(2000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 4, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect first note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect second note hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -146,16 +147,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 4, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect first note release time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(2000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect second note hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(4000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has been released");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 4, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect first note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect second note hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key2), "Key1 & Key2 have not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has been released");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 3], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
        }

        [Test]
@@ -173,14 +174,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests

            var generated = new ManiaAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate();

-            Assert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 3, "Incorrect number of frames");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect second note press time + first note release time");
-            Assert.AreEqual(3000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
-            Assert.IsTrue(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been pressed");
-            Assert.IsFalse(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(generated.Frames.Count, frame_offset + 3, "Incorrect number of frames");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, generated.Frames[frame_offset].Time, "Incorrect first note hit time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1].Time, "Incorrect second note press time + first note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000 + ManiaAutoGenerator.RELEASE_DELAY, generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2].Time, "Incorrect second note release time");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key1), "Key1 has not been released");
+            ClassicAssert.True(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 1], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been pressed");
+            ClassicAssert.False(checkContains(generated.Frames[frame_offset + 2], ManiaAction.Key2), "Key2 has not been released");
        }

        private bool checkContains(ReplayFrame frame, params ManiaAction[] actions) => actions.All(action => ((ManiaReplayFrame)frame).Actions.Contains(action));
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Utils;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
 {
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
            isForCurrentRuleset = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.MatchesOnlineID(ruleset);
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            if (beatmap.HitObjects.Count == 0)
                return new ManiaDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods };
@@ -62,11 +63,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
            return 1;
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate)
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
            var sortedObjects = beatmap.HitObjects.ToArray();
            int totalColumns = ((ManiaBeatmap)beatmap).TotalColumns;

+            double clockRate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+
            LegacySortHelper<HitObject>.Sort(sortedObjects, Comparer<HitObject>.Create((a, b) => (int)Math.Round(a.StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(b.StartTime)));

            List<DifficultyHitObject> objects = new List<DifficultyHitObject>();
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
        // Sorting is done in CreateDifficultyHitObjects, since the full list of hitobjects is required.
        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> SortObjects(IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> input) => input;

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => new Skill[]
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods) => new Skill[]
        {
            new Strain(mods, ((ManiaBeatmap)Beatmap).TotalColumns)
        };
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
            return (PlayfieldType)Enum.GetValues(typeof(PlayfieldType)).Cast<int>().OrderDescending().First(v => variant >= v);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
+        public override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
        {
            return new[]
            {
@@ -392,9 +392,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                HitResult.Good,
                HitResult.Ok,
                HitResult.Meh,
+                HitResult.Miss,

-                // HitResult.SmallBonus is used for awarding perfect bonus score but is not included here as
-                // it would be a bit redundant to show this to the user.
+                HitResult.IgnoreHit,
+                HitResult.ComboBreak,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
            };
        }

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@

 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
@@ -30,6 +33,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
                PathType.LINEAR,
                new Vector2(100, 0),
                new Vector2(100, 100)
+            ),
+            createPathSegment(
+                PathType.PERFECT_CURVE,
+                new Vector2(100.009f, -50.0009f),
+                new Vector2(200.0089f, -100)
+            ),
+            createPathSegment(
+                PathType.PERFECT_CURVE,
+                new Vector2(25, -50),
+                new Vector2(100, 75)
            )
        };

@@ -48,9 +61,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor

        [TestCase(0, 250)]
        [TestCase(0, 200)]
-        [TestCase(1, 120)]
-        [TestCase(1, 80)]
-        public void TestSliderReversal(int pathIndex, double length)
+        [TestCase(1, 120, false, false)]
+        [TestCase(1, 80, false, false)]
+        [TestCase(2, 250)]
+        [TestCase(2, 190)]
+        [TestCase(3, 250)]
+        [TestCase(3, 190)]
+        public void TestSliderReversal(int pathIndex, double length, bool assertEqualDistances = true, bool assertSliderReduction = true)
        {
            var controlPoints = paths[pathIndex];

@@ -90,6 +107,215 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
                InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.LControl);
            });

+            if (pathIndex == 2)
+            {
+                AddRepeatStep("Reverse slider again", () =>
+                {
+                    InputManager.PressKey(Key.LControl);
+                    InputManager.Key(Key.G);
+                    InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.LControl);
+                }, 2);
+            }
+
+            if (assertEqualDistances)
+            {
+                AddAssert("Middle control point has the same distance from start to end", () =>
+                {
+                    var pathControlPoints = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints;
+                    float middleToStart = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[0].Position);
+                    float middleToEnd = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[^1].Position);
+
+                    return Precision.AlmostEquals(middleToStart, middleToEnd, 1f);
+                });
+            }
+
+            AddAssert("Middle control point is not at start or end", () =>
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[^2].Position, oldStartPos) > 1 &&
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[^2].Position, oldEndPos) > 1
+            );
+
+            AddAssert("Slider has correct length", () =>
+                Precision.AlmostEquals(selectedSlider.Path.Distance, oldDistance));
+
+            AddAssert("Slider has correct start position", () =>
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Position, oldEndPos) < 1);
+
+            AddAssert("Slider has correct end position", () =>
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.EndPosition, oldStartPos) < 1);
+
+            AddAssert("Control points have correct types", () =>
+            {
+                var newControlPointTypes = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(p => p.Type).ToArray();
+
+                return oldControlPointTypes.Take(newControlPointTypes.Length).SequenceEqual(newControlPointTypes);
+            });
+
+            if (assertSliderReduction)
+            {
+                AddStep("Move to marker", () =>
+                {
+                    var marker = this.ChildrenOfType<SliderEndDragMarker>().Single();
+                    var markerPos = (marker.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.TopRight + marker.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.BottomRight) / 2;
+                    // sometimes the cursor may miss the marker's hitbox so we
+                    // add a little offset here to be sure it lands in a clickable position.
+                    var position = new Vector2(markerPos.X + 2f, markerPos.Y);
+                    InputManager.MoveMouseTo(position);
+                });
+                AddStep("Click", () => InputManager.PressButton(MouseButton.Left));
+                AddStep("Reduce slider", () =>
+                {
+                    var middleControlPoint = this.ChildrenOfType<PathControlPointPiece<Slider>>().ToArray()[^2];
+                    InputManager.MoveMouseTo(middleControlPoint);
+                });
+                AddStep("Release click", () => InputManager.ReleaseButton(MouseButton.Left));
+
+                AddStep("Save half slider info", () =>
+                {
+                    oldStartPos = selectedSlider.Position;
+                    oldEndPos = selectedSlider.EndPosition;
+                    oldDistance = selectedSlider.Path.Distance;
+                });
+
+                AddStep("Reverse slider", () =>
+                {
+                    InputManager.PressKey(Key.LControl);
+                    InputManager.Key(Key.G);
+                    InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.LControl);
+                });
+
+                AddAssert("Middle control point has the same distance from start to end", () =>
+                {
+                    var pathControlPoints = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints;
+                    float middleToStart = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[0].Position);
+                    float middleToEnd = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[^1].Position);
+
+                    return Precision.AlmostEquals(middleToStart, middleToEnd, 1f);
+                });
+
+                AddAssert("Middle control point is not at start or end", () =>
+                    Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[^2].Position, oldStartPos) > 1 &&
+                    Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[^2].Position, oldEndPos) > 1
+                );
+
+                AddAssert("Slider has correct length", () =>
+                    Precision.AlmostEquals(selectedSlider.Path.Distance, oldDistance));
+
+                AddAssert("Slider has correct start position", () =>
+                    Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Position, oldEndPos) < 1);
+
+                AddAssert("Slider has correct end position", () =>
+                    Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.EndPosition, oldStartPos) < 1);
+
+                AddAssert("Control points have correct types", () =>
+                {
+                    var newControlPointTypes = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(p => p.Type).ToArray();
+
+                    return oldControlPointTypes.Take(newControlPointTypes.Length).SequenceEqual(newControlPointTypes);
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSegmentedSliderReversal()
+        {
+            PathControlPoint[] segmentedSliderPath =
+            [
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(0, 0),
+                    Type = PathType.PERFECT_CURVE
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(100, 150),
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(75, -50),
+                    Type = PathType.PERFECT_CURVE
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(225, -75),
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(350, 50),
+                    Type = PathType.PERFECT_CURVE
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(500, -75),
+                },
+                new PathControlPoint
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(350, -120),
+                },
+            ];
+
+            Vector2 oldStartPos = default;
+            Vector2 oldEndPos = default;
+            double oldDistance = default;
+
+            var oldControlPointTypes = segmentedSliderPath.Select(p => p.Type);
+
+            AddStep("Add slider", () =>
+            {
+                var slider = new Slider
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(0, 200),
+                    Path = new SliderPath(segmentedSliderPath)
+                    {
+                        ExpectedDistance = { Value = 1314 }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(slider);
+
+                oldStartPos = slider.Position;
+                oldEndPos = slider.EndPosition;
+                oldDistance = slider.Path.Distance;
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select slider", () =>
+            {
+                var slider = (Slider)EditorBeatmap.HitObjects[0];
+                EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Add(slider);
+            });
+
+            AddRepeatStep("Reverse slider", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.PressKey(Key.LControl);
+                InputManager.Key(Key.G);
+                InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.LControl);
+            }, 3);
+
+            AddAssert("First arc's control is not at the slider's middle", () =>
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[^2].Position, selectedSlider.Path.PositionAt(0.5)) > 1
+            );
+
+            AddAssert("Last arc's control is not at the slider's middle", () =>
+                Vector2.Distance(selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints[1].Position, selectedSlider.Path.PositionAt(0.5)) > 1
+            );
+
+            AddAssert("First arc centered middle control point", () =>
+            {
+                var pathControlPoints = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints;
+                float middleToStart = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[1].Position, pathControlPoints[0].Position);
+                float middleToEnd = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[1].Position, pathControlPoints[2].Position);
+
+                return Precision.AlmostEquals(middleToStart, middleToEnd, 1f);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("Last arc centered middle control point", () =>
+            {
+                var pathControlPoints = selectedSlider.Path.ControlPoints;
+                float middleToStart = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[^3].Position);
+                float middleToEnd = Vector2.Distance(pathControlPoints[^2].Position, pathControlPoints[^1].Position);
+
+                return Precision.AlmostEquals(middleToStart, middleToEnd, 1f);
+            });
+
            AddAssert("Slider has correct length", () =>
                Precision.AlmostEquals(selectedSlider.Path.Distance, oldDistance));

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
-                Assert.True(Precision.AlmostEquals(sliderPathPerfect.PositionAt(i / 100.0f), sliderPathBezier.PositionAt(i / 100.0f)));
+                ClassicAssert.True(Precision.AlmostEquals(sliderPathPerfect.PositionAt(i / 100.0f), sliderPathBezier.PositionAt(i / 100.0f)));
            }
        }

@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
                double theta = circularArcProperties.ThetaStart + (circularArcProperties.Direction * progress * circularArcProperties.ThetaRange);
                Vector2 vector = new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(theta), (float)Math.Sin(theta)) * circularArcProperties.Radius;

-                Assert.True(Precision.AlmostEquals(circularArcProperties.Centre + vector, path.PositionAt(progress), 0.01f),
+                ClassicAssert.True(Precision.AlmostEquals(circularArcProperties.Centre + vector, path.PositionAt(progress), 0.01f),
                    "A perfect circle with points " + string.Join(", ", path.ControlPoints.Select(x => x.Position)) + " and radius" + circularArcProperties.Radius + "from SliderPath does not almost equal a theoretical perfect circle with " + subpoints + " subpoints"
                    + ": " + (circularArcProperties.Centre + vector) + " - " + path.PositionAt(progress)
                    + " = " + (circularArcProperties.Centre + vector - path.PositionAt(progress))
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneOsuModEasy : OsuModTestScene
+    {
+        protected override bool AllowFail => true;
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMultipleApplication()
+        {
+            bool reapplied = false;
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mods = [new OsuModEasy { Retries = { Value = 1 } }],
+                Autoplay = false,
+                CreateBeatmap = () =>
+                {
+                    // do stuff to speed up fails
+                    var b = new TestBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo)
+                    {
+                        Difficulty = { DrainRate = 10 }
+                    };
+
+                    foreach (var ho in b.HitObjects)
+                        ho.StartTime /= 4;
+
+                    return b;
+                },
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    if (((ModEasyTestPlayer)Player).FailuresSuppressed > 0 && !reapplied)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            foreach (var mod in Player.GameplayState.Mods.OfType<IApplicableToDifficulty>())
+                                mod.ApplyToDifficulty(new BeatmapDifficulty());
+
+                            foreach (var mod in Player.GameplayState.Mods.OfType<IApplicableToPlayer>())
+                                mod.ApplyToPlayer(Player);
+                        }
+                        catch
+                        {
+                            // don't care if this fails. in fact a failure here is probably better than the alternative.
+                        }
+                        finally
+                        {
+                            reapplied = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasFailed && ((ModEasyTestPlayer)Player).FailuresSuppressed <= 1;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        protected override TestPlayer CreateModPlayer(Ruleset ruleset) => new ModEasyTestPlayer(CurrentTestData, AllowFail);
+
+        private partial class ModEasyTestPlayer : ModTestPlayer
+        {
+            public int FailuresSuppressed { get; private set; }
+
+            public ModEasyTestPlayer(ModTestData data, bool allowFail)
+                : base(data, allowFail)
+            {
+            }
+
+            protected override bool CheckModsAllowFailure()
+            {
+                bool failureAllowed = GameplayState.Mods.OfType<IApplicableFailOverride>().All(m => m.PerformFail());
+
+                if (!failureAllowed)
+                    FailuresSuppressed++;
+
+                return failureAllowed;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -34,6 +34,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
        public void TestClassicMod(double expectedStarRating, int expectedMaxCombo, string name)
            => Test(expectedStarRating, expectedMaxCombo, name, new OsuModClassic());

+        [TestCase(239, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(54, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(4, "very-fast-slider")]
+        public void TestOffsetChanges(int expectedMaxCombo, string name)
+        {
+            const double offset_iterations = 400;
+            var beatmap = GetBeatmap(name);
+
+            var attributes = CreateDifficultyCalculator(beatmap).Calculate();
+            double expectedStarRating = attributes.StarRating;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < offset_iterations; i++)
+            {
+                foreach (var beatmapHitObject in beatmap.Beatmap.HitObjects)
+                    beatmapHitObject.StartTime++;
+
+                attributes = CreateDifficultyCalculator(beatmap).Calculate();
+
+                // Platform-dependent math functions (Pow, Cbrt, Exp, etc) may result in minute differences.
+                Assert.That(attributes.StarRating, Is.EqualTo(expectedStarRating).Within(0.00001));
+                Assert.That(attributes.MaxCombo, Is.EqualTo(expectedMaxCombo));
+            }
+        }
+
        protected override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => new OsuDifficultyCalculator(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, beatmap);

        protected override Ruleset CreateRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.IO;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ SliderTickRate:0.5

                // The last hitobject triggers the stacking
                for (int i = 0; i < objects.Count - 1; i++)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(0, ((OsuHitObject)objects[i]).StackHeight);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, ((OsuHitObject)objects[i]).StackHeight);
            }
        }

@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ SliderTickRate:1

                // The last hitobject triggers the stacking
                for (int i = 0; i < objects.Count - 1; i++)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(0, ((OsuHitObject)objects[i]).StackHeight);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, ((OsuHitObject)objects[i]).StackHeight);
            }
        }
    }
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.18.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.20.72" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Aim
+{
+    public static class AgilityEvaluator
+    {
+        private const double distance_cap = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER * 1.2; // 1.2 circles distance between centers
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluates the difficulty of fast aiming
+        /// </summary>
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
+                return 0;
+
+            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
+            var osuPrevObj = current.Index > 0 ? (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0) : null;
+
+            double travelDistance = osuPrevObj?.LazyTravelDistance ?? 0;
+            double distance = travelDistance + osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance;
+
+            double distanceScaled = Math.Min(distance, distance_cap) / distance_cap;
+
+            double agilityDifficulty = distanceScaled * 1000 / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
+            agilityDifficulty *= Math.Pow(osuCurrObj.SmallCircleBonus, 1.5);
+
+            agilityDifficulty *= highBpmBonus(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);
+
+            return agilityDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        private static double highBpmBonus(double ms) => 1 / (1 - Math.Pow(0.2, ms / 1000));
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Aim
+{
+    public static class FlowAimEvaluator
+    {
+        private const double velocity_change_multiplier = 0.52;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluates difficulty of "flow aim" - aiming pattern where player doesn't stop their cursor on every object and instead "flows" through them.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, bool withSliderTravelDistance)
+        {
+            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner || current.Index <= 1 || current.Previous(0).BaseObject is Spinner)
+                return 0;
+
+            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
+            var osuLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0);
+            var osuLastLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(1);
+
+            double currDistance = withSliderTravelDistance ? osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance : osuCurrObj.JumpDistance;
+            double prevDistance = withSliderTravelDistance ? osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance : osuLastObj.JumpDistance;
+
+            double currVelocity = currDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
+            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
+            {
+                // If the last object is a slider, then we extend the travel velocity through the slider into the current object.
+                double sliderDistance = osuLastObj.LazyTravelDistance + osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance;
+                currVelocity = Math.Max(currVelocity, sliderDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);
+            }
+
+            double prevVelocity = prevDistance / osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
+            double flowDifficulty = currVelocity;
+
+            // Apply high circle size bonus to the base velocity.
+            // We use reduced CS bonus here because the bonus was made for an evaluator with a different d/t scaling
+            flowDifficulty *= Math.Sqrt(osuCurrObj.SmallCircleBonus);
+
+            // Rhythm changes are harder to flow
+            flowDifficulty *= 1 + Math.Min(0.25,
+                Math.Pow((Math.Max(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) - Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime)) / 50, 4));
+
+            if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null && osuLastObj.Angle != null)
+            {
+                double angleDifference = Math.Abs(osuCurrObj.Angle.Value - osuLastObj.Angle.Value);
+                double angleDifferenceAdjusted = Math.Sin(angleDifference / 2) * 180.0;
+                double angularVelocity = angleDifferenceAdjusted / (osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime * 0.1);
+
+                // Low angular velocity flow (angles are consistent) is easier to follow than erratic flow
+                flowDifficulty *= 0.8 + Math.Sqrt(angularVelocity / 270.0);
+            }
+
+            // If all three notes are overlapping - don't reward bonuses as you don't have to do additional movement
+            double overlappedNotesWeight = 1;
+
+            if (current.Index > 2)
+            {
+                double o1 = calculateOverlapFactor(osuCurrObj, osuLastObj);
+                double o2 = calculateOverlapFactor(osuCurrObj, osuLastLastObj);
+                double o3 = calculateOverlapFactor(osuLastObj, osuLastLastObj);
+
+                overlappedNotesWeight = 1 - o1 * o2 * o3;
+            }
+
+            if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null)
+            {
+                // Acute angles are also hard to flow
+                flowDifficulty += currVelocity *
+                                  SnapAimEvaluator.CalcAngleAcuteness(osuCurrObj.Angle.Value) *
+                                  overlappedNotesWeight;
+            }
+
+            if (Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity) != 0)
+            {
+                if (withSliderTravelDistance)
+                {
+                    currVelocity = currDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+                }
+
+                // Scale with ratio of difference compared to 0.5 * max dist.
+                double distRatio = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity) / Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity), 0, 1);
+
+                // Reward for % distance up to 125 / strainTime for overlaps where velocity is still changing.
+                double overlapVelocityBuff = Math.Min(OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER * 1.25 / Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime),
+                    Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity));
+
+                flowDifficulty += overlapVelocityBuff *
+                                  distRatio *
+                                  overlappedNotesWeight *
+                                  velocity_change_multiplier;
+            }
+
+            if (osuCurrObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
+            {
+                // Include slider velocity to make velocity more consistent with snap
+                flowDifficulty += osuCurrObj.TravelDistance / osuCurrObj.TravelTime;
+            }
+
+            // Final velocity is being raised to a power because flow difficulty scales harder with both high distance and time, and we want to account for that
+            flowDifficulty = Math.Pow(flowDifficulty, 1.45);
+
+            // Reduce difficulty for low spacing since spacing below radius is always to be flowed
+            return flowDifficulty * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(currDistance, 0, OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_RADIUS);
+        }
+
+        private static double calculateOverlapFactor(OsuDifficultyHitObject first, OsuDifficultyHitObject second)
+        {
+            var firstBase = (OsuHitObject)first.BaseObject;
+            var secondBase = (OsuHitObject)second.BaseObject;
+            double objectRadius = firstBase.Radius;
+
+            double distance = Vector2.Distance(firstBase.StackedPosition, secondBase.StackedPosition);
+            return Math.Clamp(1 - Math.Pow(Math.Max(distance - objectRadius, 0) / objectRadius, 2), 0, 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Aim
+{
+    public static class SnapAimEvaluator
+    {
+        private const double wide_angle_multiplier = 9.67;
+        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 2.41;
+        private const double slider_multiplier = 1.5;
+        private const double velocity_change_multiplier = 0.9;
+        private const double wiggle_multiplier = 1.02; // WARNING: Increasing this multiplier beyond 1.02 reduces difficulty as distance increases. Refer to the desmos link above the wiggle bonus calculation
+        private const double maximum_repetition_nerf = 0.15;
+        private const double maximum_vector_influence = 0.5;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluates the difficulty of aiming the current object, based on:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item><description>cursor velocity to the current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>angle difficulty,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>sharp velocity increases,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>and slider difficulty.</description></item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, bool withSliderTravelDistance)
+        {
+            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner || current.Index <= 1 || current.Previous(0).BaseObject is Spinner)
+                return 0;
+
+            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
+            var osuLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0);
+            var osuLast2Obj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(2);
+
+            const int radius = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_RADIUS;
+            const int diameter = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER;
+
+            // Calculate the velocity to the current hitobject, which starts with a base distance / time assuming the last object is a hitcircle.
+            double currDistance = withSliderTravelDistance ? osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance : osuCurrObj.JumpDistance;
+            double currVelocity = currDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
+            // But if the last object is a slider, then we extend the travel velocity through the slider into the current object.
+            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
+            {
+                double sliderDistance = osuLastObj.LazyTravelDistance + osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance;
+                currVelocity = Math.Max(currVelocity, sliderDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);
+            }
+
+            double prevDistance = withSliderTravelDistance ? osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance : osuLastObj.JumpDistance;
+            double prevVelocity = prevDistance / osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
+            double snapDifficulty = currVelocity; // Start difficulty with regular velocity.
+
+            // Penalize angle repetition.
+            snapDifficulty *= vectorAngleRepetition(osuCurrObj, osuLastObj);
+
+            if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null && osuLastObj.Angle != null)
+            {
+                double currAngle = osuCurrObj.Angle.Value;
+                double lastAngle = osuLastObj.Angle.Value;
+
+                // Rewarding angles, take the smaller velocity as base.
+                double velocityInfluence = Math.Min(currVelocity, prevVelocity);
+
+                double acuteAngleBonus = 0;
+
+                if (Math.Max(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) < 1.25 * Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime)) // If rhythms are the same.
+                {
+                    acuteAngleBonus = CalcAngleAcuteness(currAngle);
+
+                    // Penalize angle repetition. It is important to do it _before_ multiplying by anything because we compare raw acuteness here
+                    acuteAngleBonus *= 0.08 + 0.92 * (1 - Math.Min(acuteAngleBonus, Math.Pow(CalcAngleAcuteness(lastAngle), 3)));
+
+                    // Apply acute angle bonus for BPM above 300 1/2 and distance more than one diameter
+                    acuteAngleBonus *= velocityInfluence * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(DifficultyCalculationUtils.MillisecondsToBPM(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, 2), 300, 400) *
+                                       DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(currDistance, 0, diameter * 2);
+                }
+
+                double wideAngleBonus = calcAngleWideness(currAngle);
+
+                // Penalize angle repetition. It is important to do it _before_ multiplying by velocity because we compare raw wideness here
+                wideAngleBonus *= 0.25 + 0.75 * (1 - Math.Min(wideAngleBonus, Math.Pow(calcAngleWideness(lastAngle), 3)));
+
+                // Rescaling velocity for the wide angle bonus
+                const double wide_angle_time_scale = 1.45;
+                double wideAngleCurrVelocity = currDistance / Math.Pow(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, wide_angle_time_scale);
+                double wideAnglePrevVelocity = prevDistance / Math.Pow(osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, wide_angle_time_scale);
+
+                if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
+                {
+                    double sliderDistance = osuLastObj.LazyTravelDistance + osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance;
+                    wideAngleCurrVelocity = Math.Max(wideAngleCurrVelocity, sliderDistance / Math.Pow(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, wide_angle_time_scale));
+                }
+
+                wideAngleBonus *= Math.Min(wideAngleCurrVelocity, wideAnglePrevVelocity);
+
+                if (osuLast2Obj != null)
+                {
+                    // If objects just go back and forth through a middle point - don't give as much wide bonus
+                    // Use Previous(2) and Previous(0) because angles calculation is done prevprev-prev-curr, so any object's angle's center point is always the previous object
+                    var lastBaseObject = (OsuHitObject)osuLastObj.BaseObject;
+                    var last2BaseObject = (OsuHitObject)osuLast2Obj.BaseObject;
+
+                    float distance = (last2BaseObject.StackedPosition - lastBaseObject.StackedPosition).Length;
+
+                    if (distance < 1)
+                    {
+                        wideAngleBonus *= 1 - 0.55 * (1 - distance);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Add in acute angle bonus or wide angle bonus, whichever is larger.
+                snapDifficulty += Math.Max(acuteAngleBonus * acute_angle_multiplier, wideAngleBonus * wide_angle_multiplier);
+
+                // Apply wiggle bonus for jumps that are [radius, 3*diameter] in distance, with < 110 angle
+                // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/dp0v0nvowc
+                double wiggleBonus = velocityInfluence
+                                     * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(currDistance, radius, diameter)
+                                     * Math.Pow(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(currDistance, diameter * 3, diameter), 1.8)
+                                     * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(currAngle, double.DegreesToRadians(110), double.DegreesToRadians(60))
+                                     * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(prevDistance, radius, diameter)
+                                     * Math.Pow(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(prevDistance, diameter * 3, diameter), 1.8)
+                                     * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(lastAngle, double.DegreesToRadians(110), double.DegreesToRadians(60));
+
+                snapDifficulty += wiggleBonus * wiggle_multiplier;
+            }
+
+            if (Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity) != 0)
+            {
+                if (withSliderTravelDistance)
+                {
+                    // We want to use just the object jump without slider velocity when awarding differences
+                    currVelocity = currDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
+                }
+
+                // Scale with ratio of difference compared to 0.5 * max dist.
+                double distRatio = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity) / Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity), 0, 1);
+
+                // Reward for % distance up to 125 / strainTime for overlaps where velocity is still changing.
+                double overlapVelocityBuff = Math.Min(diameter * 1.25 / Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime), Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity));
+
+                double velocityChangeBonus = overlapVelocityBuff * distRatio;
+
+                // Penalize for rhythm changes.
+                velocityChangeBonus *= Math.Pow(Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) / Math.Max(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime), 2);
+
+                snapDifficulty += velocityChangeBonus * velocity_change_multiplier;
+            }
+
+            // Reward sliders based on velocity.
+            if (osuCurrObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
+            {
+                double sliderBonus = osuCurrObj.TravelDistance / osuCurrObj.TravelTime;
+                snapDifficulty += (sliderBonus < 1 ? sliderBonus : Math.Pow(sliderBonus, 0.75)) * slider_multiplier;
+            }
+
+            // Apply high circle size bonus
+            snapDifficulty *= osuCurrObj.SmallCircleBonus;
+
+            snapDifficulty *= highBpmBonus(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);
+
+            return snapDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        private static double highBpmBonus(double ms) => 1 / (1 - Math.Pow(0.03, Math.Pow(ms / 1000, 0.65)));
+
+        private static double vectorAngleRepetition(OsuDifficultyHitObject current, OsuDifficultyHitObject previous)
+        {
+            if (current.Angle == null || previous.Angle == null)
+                return 1;
+
+            const double note_limit = 6;
+
+            double constantAngleCount = 0;
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < note_limit; index++)
+            {
+                var loopObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(index);
+
+                if (loopObj.IsNull())
+                    break;
+
+                // Only consider vectors in the same jump section, stopping to change rhythm ruins momentum
+                if (Math.Max(current.AdjustedDeltaTime, loopObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) > 1.1 * Math.Min(current.AdjustedDeltaTime, loopObj.AdjustedDeltaTime))
+                    break;
+
+                if (loopObj.NormalisedVectorAngle.IsNotNull() && current.NormalisedVectorAngle.IsNotNull())
+                {
+                    double angleDifference = Math.Abs(current.NormalisedVectorAngle.Value - loopObj.NormalisedVectorAngle.Value);
+                    // Refer to this desmos for tuning, constants need to be precise so that values stay within the range of 0 and 1.
+                    // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/a8jesv5sv2
+                    constantAngleCount += Math.Cos(8 * Math.Min(double.DegreesToRadians(11.25), angleDifference));
+                }
+            }
+
+            double vectorRepetition = Math.Pow(Math.Min(0.5 / constantAngleCount, 1), 2);
+
+            double stackFactor = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(current.LazyJumpDistance, 0, OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER);
+
+            double currAngle = current.Angle.Value;
+            double lastAngle = previous.Angle.Value;
+
+            double angleDifferenceAdjusted = Math.Cos(2 * Math.Min(double.DegreesToRadians(45), Math.Abs(currAngle - lastAngle) * stackFactor));
+
+            double baseNerf = 1 - maximum_repetition_nerf * CalcAngleAcuteness(lastAngle) * angleDifferenceAdjusted;
+
+            return Math.Pow(baseNerf + (1 - baseNerf) * vectorRepetition * maximum_vector_influence * stackFactor, 2);
+        }
+
+        private static double calcAngleWideness(double angle) => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(angle, double.DegreesToRadians(40), double.DegreesToRadians(140));
+
+        public static double CalcAngleAcuteness(double angle) => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(angle, double.DegreesToRadians(140), double.DegreesToRadians(40));
+    }
+}
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
-{
-    public static class AimEvaluator
-    {
-        private const double wide_angle_multiplier = 1.5;
-        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 2.55;
-        private const double slider_multiplier = 1.35;
-        private const double velocity_change_multiplier = 0.75;
-        private const double wiggle_multiplier = 1.02;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Evaluates the difficulty of aiming the current object, based on:
-        /// <list type="bullet">
-        /// <item><description>cursor velocity to the current object,</description></item>
-        /// <item><description>angle difficulty,</description></item>
-        /// <item><description>sharp velocity increases,</description></item>
-        /// <item><description>and slider difficulty.</description></item>
-        /// </list>
-        /// </summary>
-        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, bool withSliderTravelDistance)
-        {
-            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner || current.Index <= 1 || current.Previous(0).BaseObject is Spinner)
-                return 0;
-
-            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
-            var osuLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0);
-            var osuLastLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(1);
-            var osuLast2Obj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(2);
-
-            const int radius = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_RADIUS;
-            const int diameter = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER;
-
-            // Calculate the velocity to the current hitobject, which starts with a base distance / time assuming the last object is a hitcircle.
-            double currVelocity = osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
-
-            // But if the last object is a slider, then we extend the travel velocity through the slider into the current object.
-            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
-            {
-                double travelVelocity = osuLastObj.TravelDistance / osuLastObj.TravelTime; // calculate the slider velocity from slider head to slider end.
-                double movementVelocity = osuCurrObj.MinimumJumpDistance / osuCurrObj.MinimumJumpTime; // calculate the movement velocity from slider end to current object
-
-                currVelocity = Math.Max(currVelocity, movementVelocity + travelVelocity); // take the larger total combined velocity.
-            }
-
-            // As above, do the same for the previous hitobject.
-            double prevVelocity = osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance / osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
-
-            if (osuLastLastObj.BaseObject is Slider && withSliderTravelDistance)
-            {
-                double travelVelocity = osuLastLastObj.TravelDistance / osuLastLastObj.TravelTime;
-                double movementVelocity = osuLastObj.MinimumJumpDistance / osuLastObj.MinimumJumpTime;
-
-                prevVelocity = Math.Max(prevVelocity, movementVelocity + travelVelocity);
-            }
-
-            double wideAngleBonus = 0;
-            double acuteAngleBonus = 0;
-            double sliderBonus = 0;
-            double velocityChangeBonus = 0;
-            double wiggleBonus = 0;
-
-            double aimStrain = currVelocity; // Start strain with regular velocity.
-
-            if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null && osuLastObj.Angle != null)
-            {
-                double currAngle = osuCurrObj.Angle.Value;
-                double lastAngle = osuLastObj.Angle.Value;
-
-                // Rewarding angles, take the smaller velocity as base.
-                double angleBonus = Math.Min(currVelocity, prevVelocity);
-
-                if (Math.Max(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) < 1.25 * Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime)) // If rhythms are the same.
-                {
-                    acuteAngleBonus = calcAcuteAngleBonus(currAngle);
-
-                    // Penalize angle repetition.
-                    acuteAngleBonus *= 0.08 + 0.92 * (1 - Math.Min(acuteAngleBonus, Math.Pow(calcAcuteAngleBonus(lastAngle), 3)));
-
-                    // Apply acute angle bonus for BPM above 300 1/2 and distance more than one diameter
-                    acuteAngleBonus *= angleBonus *
-                                       DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(DifficultyCalculationUtils.MillisecondsToBPM(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, 2), 300, 400) *
-                                       DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance, diameter, diameter * 2);
-                }
-
-                wideAngleBonus = calcWideAngleBonus(currAngle);
-
-                // Penalize angle repetition.
-                wideAngleBonus *= 1 - Math.Min(wideAngleBonus, Math.Pow(calcWideAngleBonus(lastAngle), 3));
-
-                // Apply full wide angle bonus for distance more than one diameter
-                wideAngleBonus *= angleBonus * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance, 0, diameter);
-
-                // Apply wiggle bonus for jumps that are [radius, 3*diameter] in distance, with < 110 angle
-                // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/dp0v0nvowc
-                wiggleBonus = angleBonus
-                              * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance, radius, diameter)
-                              * Math.Pow(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance, diameter * 3, diameter), 1.8)
-                              * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(currAngle, double.DegreesToRadians(110), double.DegreesToRadians(60))
-                              * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance, radius, diameter)
-                              * Math.Pow(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance, diameter * 3, diameter), 1.8)
-                              * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(lastAngle, double.DegreesToRadians(110), double.DegreesToRadians(60));
-
-                if (osuLast2Obj != null)
-                {
-                    // If objects just go back and forth through a middle point - don't give as much wide bonus
-                    // Use Previous(2) and Previous(0) because angles calculation is done prevprev-prev-curr, so any object's angle's center point is always the previous object
-                    var lastBaseObject = (OsuHitObject)osuLastObj.BaseObject;
-                    var last2BaseObject = (OsuHitObject)osuLast2Obj.BaseObject;
-
-                    float distance = (last2BaseObject.StackedPosition - lastBaseObject.StackedPosition).Length;
-
-                    if (distance < 1)
-                    {
-                        wideAngleBonus *= 1 - 0.35 * (1 - distance);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity) != 0)
-            {
-                // We want to use the average velocity over the whole object when awarding differences, not the individual jump and slider path velocities.
-                prevVelocity = (osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance + osuLastLastObj.TravelDistance) / osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
-                currVelocity = (osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance + osuLastObj.TravelDistance) / osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
-
-                // Scale with ratio of difference compared to 0.5 * max dist.
-                double distRatio = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity) / Math.Max(prevVelocity, currVelocity), 0, 1);
-
-                // Reward for % distance up to 125 / strainTime for overlaps where velocity is still changing.
-                double overlapVelocityBuff = Math.Min(diameter * 1.25 / Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime), Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity));
-
-                velocityChangeBonus = overlapVelocityBuff * distRatio;
-
-                // Penalize for rhythm changes.
-                velocityChangeBonus *= Math.Pow(Math.Min(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime) / Math.Max(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, osuLastObj.AdjustedDeltaTime), 2);
-            }
-
-            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider)
-            {
-                // Reward sliders based on velocity.
-                sliderBonus = osuLastObj.TravelDistance / osuLastObj.TravelTime;
-            }
-
-            aimStrain += wiggleBonus * wiggle_multiplier;
-            aimStrain += velocityChangeBonus * velocity_change_multiplier;
-
-            // Add in acute angle bonus or wide angle bonus, whichever is larger.
-            aimStrain += Math.Max(acuteAngleBonus * acute_angle_multiplier, wideAngleBonus * wide_angle_multiplier);
-
-            // Apply high circle size bonus
-            aimStrain *= osuCurrObj.SmallCircleBonus;
-
-            // Add in additional slider velocity bonus.
-            if (withSliderTravelDistance)
-                aimStrain += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier;
-
-            return aimStrain;
-        }
-
-        private static double calcWideAngleBonus(double angle) => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(angle, double.DegreesToRadians(40), double.DegreesToRadians(140));
-
-        private static double calcAcuteAngleBonus(double angle) => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(angle, double.DegreesToRadians(140), double.DegreesToRadians(40));
-    }
-}
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
        /// <item><description>and whether the hidden mod is enabled.</description></item>
        /// </list>
        /// </summary>
-        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, bool hidden)
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
        {
            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
                return 0;
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
            double smallDistNerf = 1.0;
            double cumulativeStrainTime = 0.0;

-            double result = 0.0;
+            double flashlightDifficulty = 0.0;

            OsuDifficultyHitObject lastObj = osuCurrent;

@@ -66,9 +70,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                    double stackNerf = Math.Min(1.0, (currentObj.LazyJumpDistance / scalingFactor) / 25.0);

                    // Bonus based on how visible the object is.
-                    double opacityBonus = 1.0 + max_opacity_bonus * (1.0 - osuCurrent.OpacityAt(currentHitObject.StartTime, hidden));
+                    double opacityBonus = 1.0 + max_opacity_bonus * (1.0 - osuCurrent.OpacityAt(currentHitObject.StartTime, mods.OfType<OsuModHidden>().Any(m => !m.OnlyFadeApproachCircles.Value)));

-                    result += stackNerf * opacityBonus * scalingFactor * jumpDistance / cumulativeStrainTime;
+                    flashlightDifficulty += stackNerf * opacityBonus * scalingFactor * jumpDistance / cumulativeStrainTime;

                    if (currentObj.Angle != null && osuCurrent.Angle != null)
                    {
@@ -81,14 +85,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                lastObj = currentObj;
            }

-            result = Math.Pow(smallDistNerf * result, 2.0);
+            flashlightDifficulty = Math.Pow(smallDistNerf * flashlightDifficulty, 2.0);

            // Additional bonus for Hidden due to there being no approach circles.
-            if (hidden)
-                result *= 1.0 + hidden_bonus;
+            if (mods.OfType<OsuModHidden>().Any())
+                flashlightDifficulty *= 1.0 + hidden_bonus;

            // Nerf patterns with repeated angles.
-            result *= min_angle_multiplier + (1.0 - min_angle_multiplier) / (angleRepeatCount + 1.0);
+            flashlightDifficulty *= min_angle_multiplier + (1.0 - min_angle_multiplier) / (angleRepeatCount + 1.0);

            double sliderBonus = 0.0;

@@ -108,9 +112,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                    sliderBonus /= (osuSlider.RepeatCount + 1);
            }

-            result += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier;
+            flashlightDifficulty += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier;

-            return result;
+            return flashlightDifficulty;
        }
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
+{
+    public static class ReadingEvaluator
+    {
+        private const double reading_window_size = 3000; // 3 seconds
+        private const double distance_influence_threshold = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER * 1.5; // 1.5 circles distance between centers
+        private const double hidden_multiplier = 0.28;
+        private const double density_multiplier = 2.4;
+        private const double density_difficulty_base = 2.5;
+        private const double preempt_balancing_factor = 140000;
+        private const double preempt_starting_point = 500; // AR 9.66 in milliseconds
+        private const double minimum_angle_relevancy_time = 2000; // 2 seconds
+        private const double maximum_angle_relevancy_time = 200;
+
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, bool hidden)
+        {
+            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner || current.Index == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            var currObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
+            var nextObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Next(0);
+
+            double velocity = Math.Max(1, currObj.LazyJumpDistance / currObj.AdjustedDeltaTime); // Only allow velocity to buff
+
+            double currentVisibleObjectDensity = retrieveCurrentVisibleObjectDensity(currObj);
+            double pastObjectDifficultyInfluence = getPastObjectDifficultyInfluence(currObj);
+
+            double constantAngleNerfFactor = getConstantAngleNerfFactor(currObj);
+
+            double noteDensityDifficulty = calculateDensityDifficulty(nextObj, velocity, constantAngleNerfFactor, pastObjectDifficultyInfluence, currentVisibleObjectDensity);
+
+            double hiddenDifficulty = hidden
+                ? calculateHiddenDifficulty(currObj, pastObjectDifficultyInfluence, currentVisibleObjectDensity, velocity, constantAngleNerfFactor)
+                : 0;
+
+            double preemptDifficulty = calculatePreemptDifficulty(velocity, constantAngleNerfFactor, currObj.Preempt);
+
+            double readingDifficulty = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(1.5, preemptDifficulty, hiddenDifficulty, noteDensityDifficulty);
+
+            // Having less time to process information is harder
+            readingDifficulty *= highBpmBonus(currObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);
+
+            return readingDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the density difficulty of the current object and how hard it is to aim it because of it based on:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item><description>cursor velocity to the current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>how many times the current object's angle was repeated,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>density of objects visible when the current object appears,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>density of objects visible when the current object needs to be clicked,</description></item>
+        /// /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        private static double calculateDensityDifficulty(OsuDifficultyHitObject? nextObj, double velocity, double constantAngleNerfFactor,
+                                                         double pastObjectDifficultyInfluence, double currentVisibleObjectDensity)
+        {
+            // Consider future densities too because it can make the path the cursor takes less clear
+            double futureObjectDifficultyInfluence = Math.Sqrt(currentVisibleObjectDensity);
+
+            if (nextObj != null)
+            {
+                // Reduce difficulty if movement to next object is small
+                futureObjectDifficultyInfluence *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(nextObj.LazyJumpDistance, 15, distance_influence_threshold);
+            }
+
+            // Value higher note densities exponentially
+            double noteDensityDifficulty = Math.Pow(pastObjectDifficultyInfluence + futureObjectDifficultyInfluence, 1.7) * 0.4 * constantAngleNerfFactor * velocity;
+
+            // Award only denser than average maps.
+            noteDensityDifficulty = Math.Max(0, noteDensityDifficulty - density_difficulty_base);
+
+            // Apply a soft cap to general density reading to account for partial memorization
+            noteDensityDifficulty = Math.Pow(noteDensityDifficulty, 0.45) * density_multiplier;
+
+            return noteDensityDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the difficulty of aiming the current object when the approach rate is very high based on:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item><description>cursor velocity to the current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>how many times the current object's angle was repeated,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>how many milliseconds elapse between the approach circle appearing and touching the inner circle</description></item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        private static double calculatePreemptDifficulty(double velocity, double constantAngleNerfFactor, double preempt)
+        {
+            // Arbitrary curve for the base value preempt difficulty should have as approach rate increases.
+            // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/c175335a71
+            double preemptDifficulty = Math.Pow((preempt_starting_point - preempt + Math.Abs(preempt - preempt_starting_point)) / 2, 2.5) / preempt_balancing_factor;
+
+            preemptDifficulty *= constantAngleNerfFactor * velocity;
+
+            return preemptDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the difficulty of aiming the current object when the hidden mod is active based on:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item><description>cursor velocity to the current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>time the current object spends invisible,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>density of objects visible when the current object appears,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>density of objects visible when the current object needs to be clicked,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>how many times the current object's angle was repeated,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>if the current object is perfectly stacked to the previous one</description></item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </summary>
+        private static double calculateHiddenDifficulty(OsuDifficultyHitObject currObj, double pastObjectDifficultyInfluence, double currentVisibleObjectDensity, double velocity,
+                                                        double constantAngleNerfFactor)
+        {
+            // Higher preempt means that time spent invisible is higher too, we want to reward that
+            double preemptFactor = Math.Pow(currObj.Preempt, 2.2) * 0.01;
+
+            // Account for both past and current densities
+            double densityFactor = Math.Pow(currentVisibleObjectDensity + pastObjectDifficultyInfluence, 3.3) * 3;
+
+            double hiddenDifficulty = (preemptFactor + densityFactor) * constantAngleNerfFactor * velocity * 0.01;
+
+            // Apply a soft cap to general HD reading to account for partial memorization
+            hiddenDifficulty = Math.Pow(hiddenDifficulty, 0.4) * hidden_multiplier;
+
+            var previousObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)currObj.Previous(0);
+
+            // Buff perfect stacks only if current note is completely invisible at the time you click the previous note.
+            if (currObj.LazyJumpDistance == 0 && currObj.OpacityAt(previousObj.BaseObject.StartTime, true) == 0 && previousObj.StartTime > currObj.StartTime - currObj.Preempt)
+                hiddenDifficulty += hidden_multiplier * 2500 / Math.Pow(currObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, 1.5); // Perfect stacks are harder the less time between notes
+
+            return hiddenDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        private static double getPastObjectDifficultyInfluence(OsuDifficultyHitObject currObj)
+        {
+            double pastObjectDifficultyInfluence = 0;
+
+            foreach (var loopObj in retrievePastVisibleObjects(currObj))
+            {
+                double loopDifficulty = currObj.OpacityAt(loopObj.BaseObject.StartTime, false);
+
+                // When aiming an object small distances mean previous objects may be cheesed, so it doesn't matter whether they were arranged confusingly.
+                loopDifficulty *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(loopObj.LazyJumpDistance, 15, distance_influence_threshold);
+
+                // Account less for objects close to the max reading window
+                double timeBetweenCurrAndLoopObj = currObj.StartTime - loopObj.StartTime;
+                double timeNerfFactor = getTimeNerfFactor(timeBetweenCurrAndLoopObj);
+
+                loopDifficulty *= timeNerfFactor;
+                pastObjectDifficultyInfluence += loopDifficulty;
+            }
+
+            return pastObjectDifficultyInfluence;
+        }
+
+        // Returns a list of objects that are visible on screen at the point in time the current object becomes visible.
+        private static IEnumerable<OsuDifficultyHitObject> retrievePastVisibleObjects(OsuDifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < current.Index; i++)
+            {
+                OsuDifficultyHitObject hitObject = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(i);
+
+                if (hitObject.IsNull() ||
+                    current.StartTime - hitObject.StartTime > reading_window_size ||
+                    hitObject.StartTime < current.StartTime - current.Preempt) // Current object not visible at the time object needs to be clicked
+                    break;
+
+                yield return hitObject;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns the density of objects visible at the point in time the current object needs to be clicked capped by the reading window.
+        private static double retrieveCurrentVisibleObjectDensity(OsuDifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double visibleObjectCount = 0;
+
+            OsuDifficultyHitObject? hitObject = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Next(0);
+
+            while (hitObject != null)
+            {
+                if (hitObject.StartTime - current.StartTime > reading_window_size ||
+                    current.StartTime < hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.Preempt) // Object not visible at the time current object needs to be clicked.
+                    break;
+
+                double timeBetweenCurrAndLoopObj = hitObject.StartTime - current.StartTime;
+                double timeNerfFactor = getTimeNerfFactor(timeBetweenCurrAndLoopObj);
+
+                visibleObjectCount += hitObject.OpacityAt(current.BaseObject.StartTime, false) * timeNerfFactor;
+
+                hitObject = (OsuDifficultyHitObject?)hitObject.Next(0);
+            }
+
+            return visibleObjectCount;
+        }
+
+        // Returns a factor of how often the current object's angle has been repeated in a certain time frame.
+        // It does this by checking the difference in angle between current and past objects and sums them based on a range of similarity.
+        // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/eb057a4822
+        private static double getConstantAngleNerfFactor(OsuDifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double constantAngleCount = 0;
+            int index = 0;
+            double currentTimeGap = 0;
+
+            OsuDifficultyHitObject loopObjPrev0 = current;
+            OsuDifficultyHitObject? loopObjPrev1 = null;
+            OsuDifficultyHitObject? loopObjPrev2 = null;
+
+            while (currentTimeGap < minimum_angle_relevancy_time)
+            {
+                var loopObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(index);
+
+                if (loopObj.IsNull())
+                    break;
+
+                // Account less for objects that are close to the time limit.
+                double longIntervalFactor = 1 - DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(loopObj.AdjustedDeltaTime, maximum_angle_relevancy_time, minimum_angle_relevancy_time);
+
+                if (loopObj.Angle.IsNotNull() && current.Angle.IsNotNull())
+                {
+                    double angleDifference = Math.Abs(current.Angle.Value - loopObj.Angle.Value);
+                    double angleDifferenceAlternating = Math.PI;
+
+                    if (loopObjPrev0.Angle != null && loopObjPrev1?.Angle != null && loopObjPrev2?.Angle != null)
+                    {
+                        angleDifferenceAlternating = Math.Abs(loopObjPrev1.Angle.Value - loopObj.Angle.Value);
+                        angleDifferenceAlternating += Math.Abs(loopObjPrev2.Angle.Value - loopObjPrev0.Angle.Value);
+
+                        double weight = 1.0;
+
+                        // Be sure that one of the angles is very sharp, when other is wide
+                        weight *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(Math.Min(loopObj.Angle.Value, loopObjPrev0.Angle.Value) * 180 / Math.PI, 20, 5);
+                        weight *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(Math.Max(loopObj.Angle.Value, loopObjPrev0.Angle.Value) * 180 / Math.PI, 60, 120);
+
+                        // Lerp between max angle difference and rescaled alternating difference, with more harsh scaling compared to normal difference
+                        angleDifferenceAlternating = double.Lerp(Math.PI, 0.1 * angleDifferenceAlternating, weight);
+                    }
+
+                    double stackFactor = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smootherstep(loopObj.LazyJumpDistance, 0, OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_RADIUS);
+
+                    constantAngleCount += Math.Cos(3 * Math.Min(double.DegreesToRadians(30), Math.Min(angleDifference, angleDifferenceAlternating) * stackFactor)) * longIntervalFactor;
+                }
+
+                currentTimeGap = current.StartTime - loopObj.StartTime;
+                index++;
+
+                loopObjPrev2 = loopObjPrev1;
+                loopObjPrev1 = loopObjPrev0;
+                loopObjPrev0 = loopObj;
+            }
+
+            return Math.Clamp(2 / constantAngleCount, 0.2, 1);
+        }
+
+        // Returns a nerfing factor for when objects are very distant in time, affecting reading less.
+        private static double getTimeNerfFactor(double deltaTime)
+        {
+            return Math.Clamp(2 - deltaTime / (reading_window_size / 2), 0, 1);
+        }
+
+        private static double highBpmBonus(double ms) => 1 / (1 - Math.Pow(0.8, ms / 1000));
+    }
+}
@@ -8,15 +8,16 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;

-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Speed
 {
    public static class RhythmEvaluator
    {
        private const int history_time_max = 5 * 1000; // 5 seconds
        private const int history_objects_max = 32;
-        private const double rhythm_overall_multiplier = 1.0;
-        private const double rhythm_ratio_multiplier = 15.0;
+        private const double rhythm_overall_multiplier = 0.95;
+        private const double rhythm_ratio_multiplier = 26.0;

        /// <summary>
        /// Calculates a rhythm multiplier for the difficulty of the tap associated with historic data of the current <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
@@ -26,11 +27,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
                return 0;

-            var currentOsuObject = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
-
            double rhythmComplexitySum = 0;

-            double deltaDifferenceEpsilon = ((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current).HitWindowGreat * 0.3;
+            double deltaDifferenceEpsilon = ((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current).HitWindow(HitResult.Great) * 0.3;

            var island = new Island(deltaDifferenceEpsilon);
            var previousIsland = new Island(deltaDifferenceEpsilon);
@@ -57,6 +56,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
            for (int i = rhythmStart; i > 0; i--)
            {
                OsuDifficultyHitObject currObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(i - 1);
+                if (currObj.BaseObject is Spinner)
+                    continue;

                // scales note 0 to 1 from history to now
                double timeDecay = (history_time_max - (current.StartTime - currObj.StartTime)) / history_time_max;
@@ -64,44 +65,56 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators

                double currHistoricalDecay = Math.Min(noteDecay, timeDecay); // either we're limited by time or limited by object count.

-                // Use custom cap value to ensure that that at this point delta time is actually zero
+                // Use custom cap value to ensure that at this point delta time is actually zero
                double currDelta = Math.Max(currObj.DeltaTime, 1e-7);
                double prevDelta = Math.Max(prevObj.DeltaTime, 1e-7);
                double lastDelta = Math.Max(lastObj.DeltaTime, 1e-7);

+                // Make sure to always have the current island initialised - if we don't do it here it will only initialise on the next rhythm change
+                if (island.Delta == int.MaxValue)
+                    island = new Island((int)currDelta, deltaDifferenceEpsilon);
+
                // calculate how much current delta difference deserves a rhythm bonus
                // this function is meant to reduce rhythm bonus for deltas that are multiples of each other (i.e 100 and 200)
                double deltaDifference = Math.Max(prevDelta, currDelta) / Math.Min(prevDelta, currDelta);

-                // Take only the fractional part of the value since we're only interested in punishing multiples
-                double deltaDifferenceFraction = deltaDifference - Math.Truncate(deltaDifference);
-
-                double currRatio = 1.0 + rhythm_ratio_multiplier * Math.Min(0.5, DifficultyCalculationUtils.SmoothstepBellCurve(deltaDifferenceFraction));
-
                // reduce ratio bonus if delta difference is too big
                double differenceMultiplier = Math.Clamp(2.0 - deltaDifference / 8.0, 0.0, 1.0);

                double windowPenalty = Math.Min(1, Math.Max(0, Math.Abs(prevDelta - currDelta) - deltaDifferenceEpsilon) / deltaDifferenceEpsilon);

-                double effectiveRatio = windowPenalty * currRatio * differenceMultiplier;
+                double effectiveRatio = getEffectiveRatio(deltaDifference) * windowPenalty * differenceMultiplier;
+
+                // if previous object is a slider it might be easier to tap since you don't have to do a whole tapping motion
+                // while a full deltatime might end up some weird ratio the "unpress->tap" motion might be simple
+                // for example a slider-circle-circle pattern should be evaluated as a regular triple and not as a single->double
+                if (prevObj.BaseObject is Slider)
+                {
+                    double sliderLazyEndDelta = currObj.MinimumJumpTime;
+                    double sliderLazyDeltaDifference = Math.Max(sliderLazyEndDelta, currDelta) / Math.Min(sliderLazyEndDelta, currDelta);
+
+                    double sliderRealEndDelta = currObj.LastObjectEndDeltaTime;
+                    double sliderRealDeltaDifference = Math.Max(sliderRealEndDelta, currDelta) / Math.Min(sliderRealEndDelta, currDelta);
+
+                    double sliderEffectiveRatio = Math.Min(getEffectiveRatio(sliderLazyDeltaDifference), getEffectiveRatio(sliderRealDeltaDifference));
+                    effectiveRatio = Math.Min(sliderEffectiveRatio, effectiveRatio);
+                }
+
+                bool isSpeedingUp = prevDelta > currDelta + deltaDifferenceEpsilon;
+
+                if (Math.Abs(prevDelta - currDelta) < deltaDifferenceEpsilon)
+                {
+                    // island is still progressing
+                    island.AddDelta((int)currDelta);
+                }

                if (firstDeltaSwitch)
                {
-                    if (Math.Abs(prevDelta - currDelta) < deltaDifferenceEpsilon)
-                    {
-                        // island is still progressing
-                        island.AddDelta((int)currDelta);
-                    }
-                    else
+                    if (Math.Abs(prevDelta - currDelta) > deltaDifferenceEpsilon)
                    {
                        // bpm change is into slider, this is easy acc window
                        if (currObj.BaseObject is Slider)
-                            effectiveRatio *= 0.125;
-
-                        // bpm change was from a slider, this is easier typically than circle -> circle
-                        // unintentional side effect is that bursts with kicksliders at the ends might have lower difficulty than bursts without sliders
-                        if (prevObj.BaseObject is Slider)
-                            effectiveRatio *= 0.3;
+                            effectiveRatio *= 0.5;

                        // repeated island polarity (2 -> 4, 3 -> 5)
                        if (island.IsSimilarPolarity(previousIsland))
@@ -116,6 +129,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                        if (previousIsland.DeltaCount == island.DeltaCount)
                            effectiveRatio *= 0.5;

+                        if (isSpeedingUp)
+                            effectiveRatio *= 0.65;
+
                        var islandCount = islandCounts.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Island.Equals(island));

                        if (islandCount != default)
@@ -134,7 +150,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                        }
                        else
                        {
-                            islandCounts.Add((island, 1));
+                            if (island.DeltaCount > 0)
+                            {
+                                islandCounts.Add((island, 1));
+                            }
                        }

                        // scale down the difficulty if the object is doubletappable
@@ -176,10 +195,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                prevObj = currObj;
            }

-            double rhythmDifficulty = Math.Sqrt(4 + rhythmComplexitySum * rhythm_overall_multiplier) / 2.0; // produces multiplier that can be applied to strain. range [1, infinity) (not really though)
-            rhythmDifficulty *= 1 - currentOsuObject.GetDoubletapness((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Next(0));
+            // If the current island is long we don't want the sum to have as big of an effect
+            rhythmComplexitySum *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(island.DeltaCount, 22, 3);

-            return rhythmDifficulty;
+            return Math.Sqrt(4 + rhythmComplexitySum * rhythm_overall_multiplier) / 2.0; // produces multiplier that can be applied to strain. range [1, infinity) (not really though);
+        }
+
+        private static double getEffectiveRatio(double deltaDifference)
+        {
+            // Take only the fractional part of the value since we're only interested in punishing multiples
+            double deltaDifferenceFraction = deltaDifference - Math.Truncate(deltaDifference);
+
+            return 1.0 + rhythm_ratio_multiplier * Math.Min(0.5, DifficultyCalculationUtils.SmoothstepBellCurve(deltaDifferenceFraction));
        }

        private class Island : IEquatable<Island>
@@ -211,9 +238,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators

            public bool IsSimilarPolarity(Island other)
            {
-                // TODO: consider islands to be of similar polarity only if they're having the same average delta (we don't want to consider 3 singletaps similar to a triple)
-                //       naively adding delta check here breaks _a lot_ of maps because of the flawed ratio calculation
-                return DeltaCount % 2 == other.DeltaCount % 2;
+                // single delta islands shouldn't be compared
+                if (DeltaCount <= 1 || other.DeltaCount <= 1)
+                    return false;
+
+                return Math.Abs(Delta - other.Delta) < deltaDifferenceEpsilon &&
+                       DeltaCount % 2 == other.DeltaCount % 2;
            }

            public bool Equals(Island? other)
@@ -2,47 +2,39 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;

-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Speed
 {
    public static class SpeedEvaluator
    {
-        private const double single_spacing_threshold = OsuDifficultyHitObject.NORMALISED_DIAMETER * 1.25; // 1.25 circles distance between centers
        private const double min_speed_bonus = 200; // 200 BPM 1/4th
        private const double speed_balancing_factor = 40;
-        private const double distance_multiplier = 0.8;

        /// <summary>
        /// Evaluates the difficulty of tapping the current object, based on:
        /// <list type="bullet">
        /// <item><description>time between pressing the previous and current object,</description></item>
-        /// <item><description>distance between those objects,</description></item>
        /// <item><description>and how easily they can be cheesed.</description></item>
        /// </list>
        /// </summary>
-        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
                return 0;

-            // derive strainTime for calculation
            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
-            var osuPrevObj = current.Index > 0 ? (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current.Previous(0) : null;

            double strainTime = osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime;
            double doubletapness = 1.0 - osuCurrObj.GetDoubletapness((OsuDifficultyHitObject?)osuCurrObj.Next(0));

            // Cap deltatime to the OD 300 hitwindow.
            // 0.93 is derived from making sure 260bpm OD8 streams aren't nerfed harshly, whilst 0.92 limits the effect of the cap.
-            strainTime /= Math.Clamp((strainTime / osuCurrObj.HitWindowGreat) / 0.93, 0.92, 1);
+            strainTime /= Math.Clamp((strainTime / osuCurrObj.HitWindow(HitResult.Great)) / 0.93, 0.92, 1);

            // speedBonus will be 0.0 for BPM < 200
            double speedBonus = 0.0;
@@ -51,26 +43,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
            if (DifficultyCalculationUtils.MillisecondsToBPM(strainTime) > min_speed_bonus)
                speedBonus = 0.75 * Math.Pow((DifficultyCalculationUtils.BPMToMilliseconds(min_speed_bonus) - strainTime) / speed_balancing_factor, 2);

-            double travelDistance = osuPrevObj?.TravelDistance ?? 0;
-            double distance = travelDistance + osuCurrObj.MinimumJumpDistance;
-
-            // Cap distance at single_spacing_threshold
-            distance = Math.Min(distance, single_spacing_threshold);
-
-            // Max distance bonus is 1 * `distance_multiplier` at single_spacing_threshold
-            double distanceBonus = Math.Pow(distance / single_spacing_threshold, 3.95) * distance_multiplier;
-
-            // Apply reduced small circle bonus because flow aim difficulty on small circles doesn't scale as hard as jumps
-            distanceBonus *= Math.Sqrt(osuCurrObj.SmallCircleBonus);
-
-            if (mods.OfType<OsuModAutopilot>().Any())
-                distanceBonus = 0;
-
            // Base difficulty with all bonuses
-            double difficulty = (1 + speedBonus + distanceBonus) * 1000 / strainTime;
+            double speedDifficulty = (1 + speedBonus) * 1000 / strainTime;
+
+            speedDifficulty *= highBpmBonus(osuCurrObj.AdjustedDeltaTime);

            // Apply penalty if there's doubletappable doubles
-            return difficulty * doubletapness;
+            return speedDifficulty * doubletapness;
        }
+
+        private static double highBpmBonus(double ms) => 1 / (1 - Math.Pow(0.3, ms / 1000));
    }
 }
@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
        [JsonProperty("flashlight_difficulty")]
        public double FlashlightDifficulty { get; set; }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// The difficulty corresponding to the reading skill.
+        /// </summary>
+        [JsonProperty("reading_difficulty")]
+        public double ReadingDifficulty { get; set; }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Describes how much of <see cref="AimDifficulty"/> is contributed to by hitcircles or sliders.
        /// A value closer to 1.0 indicates most of <see cref="AimDifficulty"/> is contributed by hitcircles.
@@ -75,6 +81,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
        [JsonProperty("speed_difficult_strain_count")]
        public double SpeedDifficultStrainCount { get; set; }

+        [JsonProperty("reading_difficult_note_count")]
+        public double ReadingDifficultNoteCount { get; set; }
+
        [JsonProperty("nested_score_per_object")]
        public double NestedScorePerObject { get; set; }

@@ -84,11 +93,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
        [JsonProperty("maximum_legacy_combo_score")]
        public double MaximumLegacyComboScore { get; set; }

-        /// <summary>
-        /// The beatmap's drain rate. This doesn't scale with rate-adjusting mods.
-        /// </summary>
-        public double DrainRate { get; set; }
-
        /// <summary>
        /// The number of hitcircles in the beatmap.
        /// </summary>
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_AIM, AimDifficulty);
            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_SPEED, SpeedDifficulty);
+            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_READING, ReadingDifficulty);
            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_DIFFICULTY, StarRating);

            if (ShouldSerializeFlashlightDifficulty())
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_NESTED_SCORE_PER_OBJECT, NestedScorePerObject);
            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_LEGACY_SCORE_BASE_MULTIPLIER, LegacyScoreBaseMultiplier);
            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_MAXIMUM_LEGACY_COMBO_SCORE, MaximumLegacyComboScore);
+            yield return (ATTRIB_ID_READING_DIFFICULT_NOTE_COUNT, ReadingDifficultNoteCount);
        }

        public override void FromDatabaseAttributes(IReadOnlyDictionary<int, double> values, IBeatmapOnlineInfo onlineInfo)
@@ -135,6 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            AimDifficulty = values[ATTRIB_ID_AIM];
            SpeedDifficulty = values[ATTRIB_ID_SPEED];
+            ReadingDifficulty = values[ATTRIB_ID_READING];
            StarRating = values[ATTRIB_ID_DIFFICULTY];
            FlashlightDifficulty = values.GetValueOrDefault(ATTRIB_ID_FLASHLIGHT);
            SliderFactor = values[ATTRIB_ID_SLIDER_FACTOR];
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            NestedScorePerObject = values[ATTRIB_ID_NESTED_SCORE_PER_OBJECT];
            LegacyScoreBaseMultiplier = values[ATTRIB_ID_LEGACY_SCORE_BASE_MULTIPLIER];
            MaximumLegacyComboScore = values[ATTRIB_ID_MAXIMUM_LEGACY_COMBO_SCORE];
-            DrainRate = onlineInfo.DrainRate;
+            ReadingDifficultNoteCount = values[ATTRIB_ID_READING_DIFFICULT_NOTE_COUNT];
            HitCircleCount = onlineInfo.CircleCount;
            SliderCount = onlineInfo.SliderCount;
            SpinnerCount = onlineInfo.SpinnerCount;
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills;
@@ -16,13 +17,12 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Utils;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 {
    public class OsuDifficultyCalculator : DifficultyCalculator
    {
-        private const double star_rating_multiplier = 0.0265;
-
        public override int Version => 20251020;

        public OsuDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return (79.5 - hitWindowGreat) / 6;
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            if (beatmap.HitObjects.Count == 0)
                return new OsuDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods };
@@ -55,24 +55,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            var aimWithoutSliders = skills.OfType<Aim>().Single(a => !a.IncludeSliders);
            var speed = skills.OfType<Speed>().Single();
            var flashlight = skills.OfType<Flashlight>().SingleOrDefault();
+            var reading = skills.OfType<Reading>().Single();
+
+            double aimDifficultyValue = aim.DifficultyValue();
+            double aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue = aimWithoutSliders.DifficultyValue();
+            double speedDifficultyValue = speed.DifficultyValue();
+            double readingDifficultyValue = reading.DifficultyValue();
+
+            double aimDifficultStrainCount = aim.CountTopWeightedStrains(aimDifficultyValue);
+            double speedDifficultStrainCount = speed.CountTopWeightedObjectDifficulties(speedDifficultyValue);
+            double readingDifficultNoteCount = reading.CountTopWeightedObjectDifficulties(readingDifficultyValue);

            double speedNotes = speed.RelevantNoteCount();

-            double aimDifficultStrainCount = aim.CountTopWeightedStrains();
-            double speedDifficultStrainCount = speed.CountTopWeightedStrains();
-
-            double aimNoSlidersTopWeightedSliderCount = aimWithoutSliders.CountTopWeightedSliders();
-            double aimNoSlidersDifficultStrainCount = aimWithoutSliders.CountTopWeightedStrains();
+            double aimNoSlidersTopWeightedSliderCount = aimWithoutSliders.CountTopWeightedSliders(aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue);
+            double aimNoSlidersDifficultStrainCount = aimWithoutSliders.CountTopWeightedStrains(aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue);

            double aimTopWeightedSliderFactor = aimNoSlidersTopWeightedSliderCount / Math.Max(1, aimNoSlidersDifficultStrainCount - aimNoSlidersTopWeightedSliderCount);

-            double speedTopWeightedSliderCount = speed.CountTopWeightedSliders();
+            double speedTopWeightedSliderCount = speed.CountTopWeightedSliders(speedDifficultyValue);
            double speedTopWeightedSliderFactor = speedTopWeightedSliderCount / Math.Max(1, speedDifficultStrainCount - speedTopWeightedSliderCount);

            double difficultSliders = aim.GetDifficultSliders();

-            double approachRate = CalculateRateAdjustedApproachRate(beatmap.Difficulty.ApproachRate, clockRate);
-            double overallDifficulty = CalculateRateAdjustedOverallDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty, clockRate);
+            double overallDifficulty = CalculateRateAdjustedOverallDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty, ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods));

            int hitCircleCount = beatmap.HitObjects.Count(h => h is HitCircle);
            int sliderCount = beatmap.HitObjects.Count(h => h is Slider);
@@ -80,19 +86,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            int totalHits = beatmap.HitObjects.Count;

-            double drainRate = beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate;
+            double sliderFactor = aimDifficultyValue > 0
+                ? OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue) / OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(aimDifficultyValue)
+                : 1;

-            double aimDifficultyValue = aim.DifficultyValue();
-            double aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue = aimWithoutSliders.DifficultyValue();
-            double speedDifficultyValue = speed.DifficultyValue();
-
-            double mechanicalDifficultyRating = calculateMechanicalDifficultyRating(aimDifficultyValue, speedDifficultyValue);
-            double sliderFactor = aimDifficultyValue > 0 ? OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(aimNoSlidersDifficultyValue) / OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(aimDifficultyValue) : 1;
-
-            var osuRatingCalculator = new OsuRatingCalculator(mods, totalHits, approachRate, overallDifficulty, mechanicalDifficultyRating, sliderFactor);
+            var osuRatingCalculator = new OsuRatingCalculator(totalHits, overallDifficulty);

            double aimRating = osuRatingCalculator.ComputeAimRating(aimDifficultyValue);
            double speedRating = osuRatingCalculator.ComputeSpeedRating(speedDifficultyValue);
+            double readingRating = osuRatingCalculator.ComputeReadingRating(readingDifficultyValue);

            double flashlightRating = 0.0;

@@ -100,21 +102,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                flashlightRating = osuRatingCalculator.ComputeFlashlightRating(flashlight.DifficultyValue());

            double sliderNestedScorePerObject = LegacyScoreUtils.CalculateNestedScorePerObject(beatmap, totalHits);
-            double legacyScoreBaseMultiplier = LegacyScoreUtils.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(beatmap);
+            double legacyScoreBaseMultiplier = LegacyScoreUtils.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(WorkingBeatmap.Beatmap);

            var simulator = new OsuLegacyScoreSimulator();
            var scoreAttributes = simulator.Simulate(WorkingBeatmap, beatmap);

-            double baseAimPerformance = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(aimRating);
-            double baseSpeedPerformance = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(speedRating);
+            double baseAimPerformance = OsuPerformanceCalculator.DifficultyToPerformance(aimRating);
+            double baseSpeedPerformance = HarmonicSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(speedRating);
+            double baseReadingPerformance = HarmonicSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(readingRating);
            double baseFlashlightPerformance = Flashlight.DifficultyToPerformance(flashlightRating);
+            double baseCognitionPerformance = SumCognitionDifficulty(baseReadingPerformance, baseFlashlightPerformance);

-            double basePerformance =
-                Math.Pow(
-                    Math.Pow(baseAimPerformance, 1.1) +
-                    Math.Pow(baseSpeedPerformance, 1.1) +
-                    Math.Pow(baseFlashlightPerformance, 1.1), 1.0 / 1.1
-                );
+            double basePerformance = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(OsuPerformanceCalculator.PERFORMANCE_NORM_EXPONENT, baseAimPerformance, baseSpeedPerformance, baseCognitionPerformance);

            double starRating = calculateStarRating(basePerformance);

@@ -127,12 +126,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                SpeedDifficulty = speedRating,
                SpeedNoteCount = speedNotes,
                FlashlightDifficulty = flashlightRating,
+                ReadingDifficulty = readingRating,
                SliderFactor = sliderFactor,
                AimDifficultStrainCount = aimDifficultStrainCount,
                SpeedDifficultStrainCount = speedDifficultStrainCount,
+                ReadingDifficultNoteCount = readingDifficultNoteCount,
                AimTopWeightedSliderFactor = aimTopWeightedSliderFactor,
                SpeedTopWeightedSliderFactor = speedTopWeightedSliderFactor,
-                DrainRate = drainRate,
                MaxCombo = beatmap.GetMaxCombo(),
                HitCircleCount = hitCircleCount,
                SliderCount = sliderCount,
@@ -145,28 +145,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return attributes;
        }

-        private double calculateMechanicalDifficultyRating(double aimDifficultyValue, double speedDifficultyValue)
+        public static double SumCognitionDifficulty(double reading, double flashlight)
        {
-            double aimValue = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(aimDifficultyValue));
-            double speedValue = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateDifficultyRating(speedDifficultyValue));
+            if (reading <= 0)
+                return flashlight;

-            double totalValue = Math.Pow(Math.Pow(aimValue, 1.1) + Math.Pow(speedValue, 1.1), 1 / 1.1);
+            if (flashlight <= 0)
+                return reading;

-            return calculateStarRating(totalValue);
+            // Nerf flashlight value in cognition sum when reading is greater than flashlight
+            return DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(OsuPerformanceCalculator.PERFORMANCE_NORM_EXPONENT, reading, flashlight * Math.Clamp(flashlight / reading, 0.25, 1.0));
        }

        private double calculateStarRating(double basePerformance)
        {
-            if (basePerformance <= 0.00001)
-                return 0;
-
-            return Math.Cbrt(OsuPerformanceCalculator.PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER) * star_rating_multiplier * (Math.Cbrt(100000 / Math.Pow(2, 1 / 1.1) * basePerformance) + 4);
+            return Math.Cbrt(basePerformance * OsuPerformanceCalculator.PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER);
        }

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate)
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
            List<DifficultyHitObject> objects = new List<DifficultyHitObject>();

+            double clockRate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+
            // The first jump is formed by the first two hitobjects of the map.
            // If the map has less than two OsuHitObjects, the enumerator will not return anything.
            for (int i = 1; i < beatmap.HitObjects.Count; i++)
@@ -177,13 +178,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return objects;
        }

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
            var skills = new List<Skill>
            {
                new Aim(mods, true),
                new Aim(mods, false),
-                new Speed(mods)
+                new Speed(mods),
+                new Reading(mods)
            };

            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModFlashlight))
@@ -115,9 +115,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            double missCount = 0;

+            // If sliders in the map are hard - it's likely for player to drop sliderends
+            // If map has easy sliders - it's more likely for player to sliderbreak
+            double likelyMissedSliderendPortion = 0.04 + 0.06 * Math.Pow(Math.Min(attributes.AimTopWeightedSliderFactor, 1), 2);
+
            // Consider that full combo is maximum combo minus dropped slider tails since they don't contribute to combo but also don't break it
-            // In classic scores we can't know the amount of dropped sliders so we estimate to 10% of all sliders on the map
-            double fullComboThreshold = attributes.MaxCombo - 0.1 * attributes.SliderCount;
+            // In classic scores we can't know the amount of dropped sliders so we estimate it
+            double fullComboThreshold = attributes.MaxCombo - Math.Min(4 + likelyMissedSliderendPortion * attributes.SliderCount, attributes.SliderCount);

            if (score.MaxCombo < fullComboThreshold)
                missCount = Math.Pow(fullComboThreshold / Math.Max(1.0, score.MaxCombo), 2.5);
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
        [JsonProperty("flashlight")]
        public double Flashlight { get; set; }

+        [JsonProperty("reading")]
+        public double Reading { get; set; }
+
        [JsonProperty("effective_miss_count")]
        public double EffectiveMissCount { get; set; }

@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            yield return new PerformanceDisplayAttribute(nameof(Speed), "Speed", Speed);
            yield return new PerformanceDisplayAttribute(nameof(Accuracy), "Accuracy", Accuracy);
            yield return new PerformanceDisplayAttribute(nameof(Flashlight), "Flashlight Bonus", Flashlight);
+            yield return new PerformanceDisplayAttribute(nameof(Reading), "Reading", Reading);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 {
    public class OsuPerformanceCalculator : PerformanceCalculator
    {
-        public const double PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER = 1.14; // This is being adjusted to keep the final pp value scaled around what it used to be when changing things.
+        public const double PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER = 1.12; // This is being adjusted to keep the final pp value scaled around what it used to be when changing things.
+        public const double PERFORMANCE_NORM_EXPONENT = 1.1;

        private bool usingClassicSliderAccuracy;
        private bool usingScoreV2;
@@ -50,14 +52,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
        private double greatHitWindow;
        private double okHitWindow;
        private double mehHitWindow;
+
        private double overallDifficulty;
        private double approachRate;
+        private double drainRate;

        private double? speedDeviation;

        private double aimEstimatedSliderBreaks;
        private double speedEstimatedSliderBreaks;

+        public static double DifficultyToPerformance(double difficulty) => 4.0 * Math.Pow(difficulty, 3.0);
+
        public OsuPerformanceCalculator()
            : base(new OsuRuleset())
        {
@@ -95,11 +101,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            approachRate = OsuDifficultyCalculator.CalculateRateAdjustedApproachRate(difficulty.ApproachRate, clockRate);
            overallDifficulty = OsuDifficultyCalculator.CalculateRateAdjustedOverallDifficulty(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, clockRate);
+            drainRate = difficulty.DrainRate;

            double comboBasedEstimatedMissCount = calculateComboBasedEstimatedMissCount(osuAttributes);
            double? scoreBasedEstimatedMissCount = null;

-            if (usingClassicSliderAccuracy && score.LegacyTotalScore != null)
+            if (usingClassicSliderAccuracy && !usingScoreV2 && score.LegacyTotalScore != null)
            {
                var legacyScoreMissCalculator = new OsuLegacyScoreMissCalculator(score, osuAttributes);
                scoreBasedEstimatedMissCount = legacyScoreMissCalculator.Calculate();
@@ -115,6 +122,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            effectiveMissCount = Math.Max(countMiss, effectiveMissCount);
            effectiveMissCount = Math.Min(totalHits, effectiveMissCount);

+            if (effectiveMissCount > 0)
+            {
+                aimEstimatedSliderBreaks = calculateEstimatedSliderBreaks(osuAttributes.AimTopWeightedSliderFactor, osuAttributes);
+                speedEstimatedSliderBreaks = calculateEstimatedSliderBreaks(osuAttributes.SpeedTopWeightedSliderFactor, osuAttributes);
+            }
+
            double multiplier = PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER;

            if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModNoFail))
@@ -140,15 +153,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            double aimValue = computeAimValue(score, osuAttributes);
            double speedValue = computeSpeedValue(score, osuAttributes);
            double accuracyValue = computeAccuracyValue(score, osuAttributes);
-            double flashlightValue = computeFlashlightValue(score, osuAttributes);

-            double totalValue =
-                Math.Pow(
-                    Math.Pow(aimValue, 1.1) +
-                    Math.Pow(speedValue, 1.1) +
-                    Math.Pow(accuracyValue, 1.1) +
-                    Math.Pow(flashlightValue, 1.1), 1.0 / 1.1
-                ) * multiplier;
+            double readingValue = computeReadingValue(osuAttributes);
+            double flashlightValue = computeFlashlightValue(score, osuAttributes);
+            double cognitionValue = OsuDifficultyCalculator.SumCognitionDifficulty(readingValue, flashlightValue);
+
+            double totalValue = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(PERFORMANCE_NORM_EXPONENT, aimValue, speedValue, accuracyValue, cognitionValue) * multiplier;

            return new OsuPerformanceAttributes
            {
@@ -156,6 +166,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                Speed = speedValue,
                Accuracy = accuracyValue,
                Flashlight = flashlightValue,
+                Reading = readingValue,
                EffectiveMissCount = effectiveMissCount,
                ComboBasedEstimatedMissCount = comboBasedEstimatedMissCount,
                ScoreBasedEstimatedMissCount = scoreBasedEstimatedMissCount,
@@ -194,16 +205,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                aimDifficulty *= sliderNerfFactor;
            }

-            double aimValue = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(aimDifficulty);
+            double aimValue = DifficultyToPerformance(aimDifficulty);

-            double lengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.4 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
+            double lengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.35 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
                                 (totalHits > 2000 ? Math.Log10(totalHits / 2000.0) * 0.5 : 0.0);
            aimValue *= lengthBonus;

            if (effectiveMissCount > 0)
            {
-                aimEstimatedSliderBreaks = calculateEstimatedSliderBreaks(attributes.AimTopWeightedSliderFactor, attributes);
-
                double relevantMissCount = Math.Min(effectiveMissCount + aimEstimatedSliderBreaks, totalImperfectHits + countSliderTickMiss);

                aimValue *= calculateMissPenalty(relevantMissCount, attributes.AimDifficultStrainCount);
@@ -211,10 +220,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            // TC bonuses are excluded when blinds is present as the increased visual difficulty is unimportant when notes cannot be seen.
            if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
-                aimValue *= 1.3 + (totalHits * (0.0016 / (1 + 2 * effectiveMissCount)) * Math.Pow(accuracy, 16)) * (1 - 0.003 * attributes.DrainRate * attributes.DrainRate);
+                aimValue *= 1.3 + (totalHits * (0.0016 / (1 + 2 * effectiveMissCount)) * Math.Pow(accuracy, 16)) * (1 - 0.003 * drainRate * drainRate);
            else if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTraceable))
            {
-                aimValue *= 1.0 + OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateVisibilityBonus(score.Mods, approachRate, sliderFactor: attributes.SliderFactor);
+                aimValue *= 1.0 + calculateTraceableBonus(attributes.SliderFactor);
            }

            aimValue *= accuracy;
@@ -227,44 +236,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            if (score.Mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax) || speedDeviation == null)
                return 0.0;

-            double speedValue = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(attributes.SpeedDifficulty);
-
-            double lengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.4 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
-                                 (totalHits > 2000 ? Math.Log10(totalHits / 2000.0) * 0.5 : 0.0);
-            speedValue *= lengthBonus;
+            double speedValue = HarmonicSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(attributes.SpeedDifficulty);

            if (effectiveMissCount > 0)
            {
-                speedEstimatedSliderBreaks = calculateEstimatedSliderBreaks(attributes.SpeedTopWeightedSliderFactor, attributes);
-
                double relevantMissCount = Math.Min(effectiveMissCount + speedEstimatedSliderBreaks, totalImperfectHits + countSliderTickMiss);

                speedValue *= calculateMissPenalty(relevantMissCount, attributes.SpeedDifficultStrainCount);
            }

-            // TC bonuses are excluded when blinds is present as the increased visual difficulty is unimportant when notes cannot be seen.
            if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
            {
                // Increasing the speed value by object count for Blinds isn't ideal, so the minimum buff is given.
                speedValue *= 1.12;
            }
-            else if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTraceable))
-            {
-                speedValue *= 1.0 + OsuRatingCalculator.CalculateVisibilityBonus(score.Mods, approachRate);
-            }

            double speedHighDeviationMultiplier = calculateSpeedHighDeviationNerf(attributes);
            speedValue *= speedHighDeviationMultiplier;

-            // Calculate accuracy assuming the worst case scenario
-            double relevantTotalDiff = Math.Max(0, totalHits - attributes.SpeedNoteCount);
-            double relevantCountGreat = Math.Max(0, countGreat - relevantTotalDiff);
-            double relevantCountOk = Math.Max(0, countOk - Math.Max(0, relevantTotalDiff - countGreat));
-            double relevantCountMeh = Math.Max(0, countMeh - Math.Max(0, relevantTotalDiff - countGreat - countOk));
-            double relevantAccuracy = attributes.SpeedNoteCount == 0 ? 0 : (relevantCountGreat * 6.0 + relevantCountOk * 2.0 + relevantCountMeh) / (attributes.SpeedNoteCount * 6.0);
+            // An effective hit window is created based on the speed SR. The higher the speed difficulty, the shorter the hit window.
+            // For example, a speed SR of 4.0 leads to an effective hit window of 20ms, which is OD 10.
+            double effectiveHitWindow = 20 * Math.Pow(4 / attributes.SpeedDifficulty, 0.35);

-            // Scale the speed value with accuracy and OD.
-            speedValue *= Math.Pow((accuracy + relevantAccuracy) / 2.0, (14.5 - overallDifficulty) / 2);
+            // Find the proportion of 300s on speed notes assuming the hit window was the effective hit window.
+            double effectiveAccuracy = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Erf(effectiveHitWindow / (double)speedDeviation);
+
+            // Scale speed value by normalized accuracy.
+            speedValue *= Math.Pow(effectiveAccuracy, 2);

            return speedValue;
        }
@@ -294,20 +292,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            double accuracyValue = Math.Pow(1.52163, overallDifficulty) * Math.Pow(betterAccuracyPercentage, 24) * 2.83;

            // Bonus for many hitcircles - it's harder to keep good accuracy up for longer.
-            accuracyValue *= Math.Min(1.15, Math.Pow(amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy / 1000.0, 0.3));
+            accuracyValue *= amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy < 1000
+                ? Math.Pow(amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy / 1000.0, 0.3)
+                : Math.Pow(amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy / 1000.0, 0.1);

            // Increasing the accuracy value by object count for Blinds isn't ideal, so the minimum buff is given.
            if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
                accuracyValue *= 1.14;
-            else if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden || m is OsuModTraceable))
+            else if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTraceable))
            {
                // Decrease bonus for AR > 10
                accuracyValue *= 1 + 0.08 * DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(approachRate, 11.5, 10);
            }

-            if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModFlashlight))
-                accuracyValue *= 1.02;
-
            return accuracyValue;
        }

@@ -330,6 +327,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return flashlightValue;
        }

+        private double computeReadingValue(OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes)
+        {
+            double readingValue = HarmonicSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(attributes.ReadingDifficulty);
+
+            if (effectiveMissCount > 0)
+                readingValue *= calculateMissPenalty(effectiveMissCount + aimEstimatedSliderBreaks, attributes.ReadingDifficultNoteCount);
+
+            // Scale the reading value with accuracy _harshly_.
+            readingValue *= Math.Pow(accuracy, 3);
+
+            return readingValue;
+        }
+
        private double calculateComboBasedEstimatedMissCount(OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes)
        {
            if (attributes.SliderCount <= 0)
@@ -339,9 +349,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

            if (usingClassicSliderAccuracy)
            {
+                // If sliders in the map are hard - it's likely for player to drop sliderends
+                // If map has easy sliders - it's more likely for player to sliderbreak
+                double likelyMissedSliderendPortion = 0.04 + 0.06 * Math.Pow(Math.Min(attributes.AimTopWeightedSliderFactor, 1), 2);
+
                // Consider that full combo is maximum combo minus dropped slider tails since they don't contribute to combo but also don't break it
-                // In classic scores we can't know the amount of dropped sliders so we estimate to 10% of all sliders on the map
-                double fullComboThreshold = attributes.MaxCombo - 0.1 * attributes.SliderCount;
+                // In classic scores we can't know the amount of dropped sliders so we estimate it
+                double fullComboThreshold = attributes.MaxCombo - Math.Min(4 + likelyMissedSliderendPortion * attributes.SliderCount, attributes.SliderCount);

                if (scoreMaxCombo < fullComboThreshold)
                    missCount = fullComboThreshold / Math.Max(1.0, scoreMaxCombo);
@@ -376,19 +390,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

        private double calculateEstimatedSliderBreaks(double topWeightedSliderFactor, OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes)
        {
-            if (!usingClassicSliderAccuracy || countOk == 0)
+            int nonMissMistakes = countOk + countMeh;
+
+            if (!usingClassicSliderAccuracy || nonMissMistakes == 0)
                return 0;

            double missedComboPercent = 1.0 - (double)scoreMaxCombo / attributes.MaxCombo;
-            double estimatedSliderBreaks = Math.Min(countOk, effectiveMissCount * topWeightedSliderFactor);
+            double estimatedSliderBreaks = Math.Min(nonMissMistakes, effectiveMissCount * topWeightedSliderFactor);

-            // Scores with more Oks are more likely to have slider breaks.
-            double okAdjustment = ((countOk - estimatedSliderBreaks) + 0.5) / countOk;
+            // Scores with more Oks and Mehs are more likely to have slider breaks.
+            // We add an arbitrary value to both sides of the division to make it more stable on extreme ends.
+            double nonMissMistakeAdjustment = (nonMissMistakes - estimatedSliderBreaks + 4.5) / (nonMissMistakes + 4);

            // There is a low probability of extra slider breaks on effective miss counts close to 1, as score based calculations are good at indicating if only a single break occurred.
            estimatedSliderBreaks *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.Smoothstep(effectiveMissCount, 1, 2);

-            return estimatedSliderBreaks * okAdjustment * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(missedComboPercent, 0.33, 15);
+            return estimatedSliderBreaks * nonMissMistakeAdjustment * DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(missedComboPercent, 0.33, 15);
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -470,7 +487,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            if (speedDeviation == null)
                return 0;

-            double speedValue = OsuStrainSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(attributes.SpeedDifficulty);
+            double speedValue = HarmonicSkill.DifficultyToPerformance(attributes.SpeedDifficulty);

            // Decides a point where the PP value achieved compared to the speed deviation is assumed to be tapped improperly. Any PP above this point is considered "excess" speed difficulty.
            // This is used to cause PP above the cutoff to scale logarithmically towards the original speed value thus nerfing the value.
@@ -489,10 +506,34 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return adjustedSpeedValue / speedValue;
        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates a visibility bonus that is applicable to Traceable.
+        /// </summary>
+        private double calculateTraceableBonus(double sliderFactor = 1)
+        {
+            // We want to reward slider aim less, more so at lower AR
+            double highApproachRateSliderVisibilityFactor = 0.5 + (Math.Pow(sliderFactor, 6) / 2);
+            double lowApproachRateSliderVisibilityFactor = Math.Pow(sliderFactor, 6);
+
+            // Start from normal curve, rewarding lower AR up to AR7
+            double traceableBonus = 0.0275;
+            traceableBonus += 0.025 * (12.0 - Math.Max(approachRate, 7)) * highApproachRateSliderVisibilityFactor;
+
+            // For AR up to 0 - reduce reward for very low ARs when object is visible
+            if (approachRate < 7)
+                traceableBonus += 0.025 * (7.0 - Math.Max(approachRate, 0)) * lowApproachRateSliderVisibilityFactor;
+
+            // Starting from AR0 - cap values so they won't grow to infinity
+            if (approachRate < 0)
+                traceableBonus += 0.025 * (1 - Math.Pow(1.5, approachRate)) * lowApproachRateSliderVisibilityFactor;
+
+            return traceableBonus;
+        }
+
        // Miss penalty assumes that a player will miss on the hardest parts of a map,
        // so we use the amount of relatively difficult sections to adjust miss penalty
        // to make it more punishing on maps with lower amount of hard sections.
-        private double calculateMissPenalty(double missCount, double difficultStrainCount) => 0.96 / ((missCount / (4 * Math.Pow(Math.Log(difficultStrainCount), 0.94))) + 1);
+        private double calculateMissPenalty(double missCount, double difficultStrainCount) => 0.93 / (missCount / (4 * Math.Log(difficultStrainCount)) + 1);
        private double getComboScalingFactor(OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes) => attributes.MaxCombo <= 0 ? 1.0 : Math.Min(Math.Pow(scoreMaxCombo, 0.8) / Math.Pow(attributes.MaxCombo, 0.8), 1.0);

        private int totalHits => countGreat + countOk + countMeh + countMiss;
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using System;
-using System.Linq;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 {
@@ -13,64 +9,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
    {
        private const double difficulty_multiplier = 0.0675;

-        private readonly Mod[] mods;
        private readonly int totalHits;
-        private readonly double approachRate;
        private readonly double overallDifficulty;
-        private readonly double mechanicalDifficultyRating;
-        private readonly double sliderFactor;

-        public OsuRatingCalculator(Mod[] mods, int totalHits, double approachRate, double overallDifficulty, double mechanicalDifficultyRating, double sliderFactor)
+        public OsuRatingCalculator(int totalHits, double overallDifficulty)
        {
-            this.mods = mods;
            this.totalHits = totalHits;
-            this.approachRate = approachRate;
            this.overallDifficulty = overallDifficulty;
-            this.mechanicalDifficultyRating = mechanicalDifficultyRating;
-            this.sliderFactor = sliderFactor;
        }

        public double ComputeAimRating(double aimDifficultyValue)
        {
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
-                return 0;
-
-            double aimRating = CalculateDifficultyRating(aimDifficultyValue);
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTouchDevice))
-                aimRating = Math.Pow(aimRating, 0.8);
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
-                aimRating *= 0.9;
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
-            {
-                float magnetisedStrength = mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
-                aimRating *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength;
-            }
+            double aimRating = Math.Pow(aimDifficultyValue, 0.63) * 0.02275;

            double ratingMultiplier = 1.0;

-            double approachRateLengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.4 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
-                                             (totalHits > 2000 ? Math.Log10(totalHits / 2000.0) * 0.5 : 0.0);
-
-            double approachRateFactor = 0.0;
-            if (approachRate > 10.33)
-                approachRateFactor = 0.3 * (approachRate - 10.33);
-            else if (approachRate < 8.0)
-                approachRateFactor = 0.05 * (8.0 - approachRate);
-
-            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
-                approachRateFactor = 0.0;
-
-            ratingMultiplier += approachRateFactor * approachRateLengthBonus; // Buff for longer maps with high AR.
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
-            {
-                double visibilityFactor = calculateAimVisibilityFactor(approachRate);
-                ratingMultiplier += CalculateVisibilityBonus(mods, approachRate, visibilityFactor, sliderFactor);
-            }
-
            // It is important to consider accuracy difficulty when scaling with accuracy.
            ratingMultiplier *= 0.98 + Math.Pow(Math.Max(0, overallDifficulty), 2) / 2500;

@@ -79,73 +32,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty

        public double ComputeSpeedRating(double speedDifficultyValue)
        {
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
-                return 0;
+            return CalculateDifficultyRating(speedDifficultyValue);
+        }

-            double speedRating = CalculateDifficultyRating(speedDifficultyValue);
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
-                speedRating *= 0.5;
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
-            {
-                // reduce speed rating because of the speed distance scaling, with maximum reduction being 0.7x
-                float magnetisedStrength = mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
-                speedRating *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength * 0.3;
-            }
+        public double ComputeReadingRating(double readingDifficultyValue)
+        {
+            double readingRating = CalculateDifficultyRating(readingDifficultyValue);

            double ratingMultiplier = 1.0;

-            double approachRateLengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.4 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
-                                             (totalHits > 2000 ? Math.Log10(totalHits / 2000.0) * 0.5 : 0.0);
+            ratingMultiplier *= 0.75 + Math.Pow(Math.Max(0, overallDifficulty), 2.2) / 800;

-            double approachRateFactor = 0.0;
-            if (approachRate > 10.33)
-                approachRateFactor = 0.3 * (approachRate - 10.33);
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
-                approachRateFactor = 0.0;
-
-            ratingMultiplier += approachRateFactor * approachRateLengthBonus; // Buff for longer maps with high AR.
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
-            {
-                double visibilityFactor = calculateSpeedVisibilityFactor(approachRate);
-                ratingMultiplier += CalculateVisibilityBonus(mods, approachRate, visibilityFactor);
-            }
-
-            ratingMultiplier *= 0.95 + Math.Pow(Math.Max(0, overallDifficulty), 2) / 750;
-
-            return speedRating * Math.Cbrt(ratingMultiplier);
+            return readingRating * Math.Cbrt(ratingMultiplier);
        }

        public double ComputeFlashlightRating(double flashlightDifficultyValue)
        {
-            if (!mods.Any(m => m is OsuModFlashlight))
-                return 0;
-
            double flashlightRating = CalculateDifficultyRating(flashlightDifficultyValue);

-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTouchDevice))
-                flashlightRating = Math.Pow(flashlightRating, 0.8);
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
-                flashlightRating *= 0.7;
-            else if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
-                flashlightRating *= 0.4;
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
-            {
-                float magnetisedStrength = mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
-                flashlightRating *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength;
-            }
-
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModDeflate))
-            {
-                float deflateInitialScale = mods.OfType<OsuModDeflate>().First().StartScale.Value;
-                flashlightRating *= Math.Clamp(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(deflateInitialScale, 11, 1), 0.1, 1);
-            }
-
            double ratingMultiplier = 1.0;

            // Account for shorter maps having a higher ratio of 0 combo/100 combo flashlight radius.
@@ -158,56 +62,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
            return flashlightRating * Math.Sqrt(ratingMultiplier);
        }

-        private double calculateAimVisibilityFactor(double approachRate)
-        {
-            const double ar_factor_end_point = 11.5;
-
-            double mechanicalDifficultyFactor = DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(mechanicalDifficultyRating, 5, 10);
-            double arFactorStartingPoint = double.Lerp(9, 10.33, mechanicalDifficultyFactor);
-
-            return DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(approachRate, ar_factor_end_point, arFactorStartingPoint);
-        }
-
-        private double calculateSpeedVisibilityFactor(double approachRate)
-        {
-            const double ar_factor_end_point = 11.5;
-
-            double mechanicalDifficultyFactor = DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(mechanicalDifficultyRating, 5, 10);
-            double arFactorStartingPoint = double.Lerp(10, 10.33, mechanicalDifficultyFactor);
-
-            return DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(approachRate, ar_factor_end_point, arFactorStartingPoint);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Calculates a visibility bonus that is applicable to Hidden and Traceable.
-        /// </summary>
-        public static double CalculateVisibilityBonus(Mod[] mods, double approachRate, double visibilityFactor = 1, double sliderFactor = 1)
-        {
-            // NOTE: TC's effect is only noticeable in performance calculations until lazer mods are accounted for server-side.
-            bool isAlwaysPartiallyVisible = mods.OfType<OsuModHidden>().Any(m => m.OnlyFadeApproachCircles.Value) || mods.OfType<OsuModTraceable>().Any();
-
-            // Start from normal curve, rewarding lower AR up to AR7
-            // TC forcefully requires a lower reading bonus for now as it's post-applied in PP which makes it multiplicative with the regular AR bonuses
-            // This means it has an advantage over HD, so we decrease the multiplier to compensate
-            // This should be removed once we're able to apply TC bonuses in SR (depends on real-time difficulty calculations being possible)
-            double readingBonus = (isAlwaysPartiallyVisible ? 0.025 : 0.04) * (12.0 - Math.Max(approachRate, 7));
-
-            readingBonus *= visibilityFactor;
-
-            // We want to reward slideraim on low AR less
-            double sliderVisibilityFactor = Math.Pow(sliderFactor, 3);
-
-            // For AR up to 0 - reduce reward for very low ARs when object is visible
-            if (approachRate < 7)
-                readingBonus += (isAlwaysPartiallyVisible ? 0.02 : 0.045) * (7.0 - Math.Max(approachRate, 0)) * sliderVisibilityFactor;
-
-            // Starting from AR0 - cap values so they won't grow to infinity
-            if (approachRate < 0)
-                readingBonus += (isAlwaysPartiallyVisible ? 0.01 : 0.1) * (1 - Math.Pow(1.5, approachRate)) * sliderVisibilityFactor;
-
-            return readingBonus;
-        }
-
        public static double CalculateDifficultyRating(double difficultyValue) => Math.Sqrt(difficultyValue) * difficulty_multiplier;
    }
 }
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
@@ -35,6 +36,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
        /// </summary>
        public readonly double AdjustedDeltaTime;

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Amount of time elapsed between lastDifficultyObject's <see cref="DifficultyHitObject.EndTime"/> and <see cref="DifficultyHitObject.StartTime"/> capped to a minimum of <see cref="MIN_DELTA_TIME"/>ms.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double LastObjectEndDeltaTime { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Time (in ms) between the object first appearing and the time it needs to be clicked.
+        /// <see cref="OsuHitObject.TimePreempt"/> adjusted by clock rate.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly double Preempt;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Normalised distance from the start position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the start position of this <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double JumpDistance { get; private set; }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Normalised distance from the "lazy" end position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the start position of this <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
        /// <para>
@@ -101,9 +118,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
        public double? Angle { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
-        /// Retrieves the full hit window for a Great <see cref="HitResult"/>.
+        /// Angle of the vector created between current and current-1
+        /// normalised to consider symmetrical vectors in any axis to be the same angle.
        /// </summary>
-        public double HitWindowGreat { get; private set; }
+        public double? NormalisedVectorAngle { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Selective bonus for maps with higher circle size.
@@ -121,17 +139,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing

            // Capped to 25ms to prevent difficulty calculation breaking from simultaneous objects.
            AdjustedDeltaTime = Math.Max(DeltaTime, MIN_DELTA_TIME);
+            LastObjectEndDeltaTime = lastDifficultyObject != null ? Math.Max(StartTime - lastDifficultyObject.EndTime, MIN_DELTA_TIME) : AdjustedDeltaTime;

-            SmallCircleBonus = Math.Max(1.0, 1.0 + (30 - BaseObject.Radius) / 40);
+            SmallCircleBonus = Math.Max(1.0, 1.0 + (30 - BaseObject.Radius) / 70);

-            if (BaseObject is Slider sliderObject)
-            {
-                HitWindowGreat = 2 * sliderObject.HeadCircle.HitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                HitWindowGreat = 2 * BaseObject.HitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate;
-            }
+            Preempt = BaseObject.TimePreempt / clockRate;

            computeSliderCursorPosition();
            setDistances(clockRate);
@@ -148,7 +160,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
            }

            double fadeInStartTime = BaseObject.StartTime - BaseObject.TimePreempt;
-            double fadeInDuration = BaseObject.TimeFadeIn;
+
+            // Equal to `OsuHitObject.TimeFadeIn` minus any adjustments from the HD mod.
+            double fadeInDuration = 400 * Math.Min(1, BaseObject.TimePreempt / OsuHitObject.PREEMPT_MIN);

            if (hidden)
            {
@@ -175,10 +189,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
            {
                double currDeltaTime = Math.Max(1, DeltaTime);
                double nextDeltaTime = Math.Max(1, osuNextObj.DeltaTime);
+
                double deltaDifference = Math.Abs(nextDeltaTime - currDeltaTime);
+
                double speedRatio = currDeltaTime / Math.Max(currDeltaTime, deltaDifference);
-                double windowRatio = Math.Pow(Math.Min(1, currDeltaTime / HitWindowGreat), 2);
-                return 1.0 - Math.Pow(speedRatio, 1 - windowRatio);
+                double windowRatio = Math.Pow(Math.Min(1, currDeltaTime / HitWindow(HitResult.Great)), 5);
+
+                // Can't doubletap if circles don't intersect
+                double distanceFactor = Math.Pow(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(LazyJumpDistance, NORMALISED_DIAMETER, NORMALISED_RADIUS), 2);
+
+                return 1.0 - Math.Pow(speedRatio, distanceFactor * (1 - windowRatio));
            }

            return 0;
@@ -189,10 +209,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
            if (BaseObject is Slider currentSlider)
            {
                // Bonus for repeat sliders until a better per nested object strain system can be achieved.
-                TravelDistance = LazyTravelDistance * Math.Pow(1 + currentSlider.RepeatCount / 2.5, 1.0 / 2.5);
+                TravelDistance = LazyTravelDistance * Math.Max(1, Math.Pow(currentSlider.RepeatCount, 0.3));
                TravelTime = Math.Max(LazyTravelTime / clockRate, MIN_DELTA_TIME);
            }

+            MinimumJumpTime = AdjustedDeltaTime;
+
            // We don't need to calculate either angle or distance when one of the last->curr objects is a spinner
            if (BaseObject is Spinner || LastObject is Spinner)
                return;
@@ -202,8 +224,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing

            Vector2 lastCursorPosition = lastDifficultyObject != null ? getEndCursorPosition(lastDifficultyObject) : LastObject.StackedPosition;

-            LazyJumpDistance = (BaseObject.StackedPosition * scalingFactor - lastCursorPosition * scalingFactor).Length;
-            MinimumJumpTime = AdjustedDeltaTime;
+            JumpDistance = (LastObject.StackedPosition - BaseObject.StackedPosition).Length * scalingFactor;
+            LazyJumpDistance = (BaseObject.StackedPosition - lastCursorPosition).Length * scalingFactor;
            MinimumJumpDistance = LazyJumpDistance;

            if (LastObject is Slider lastSlider && lastDifficultyObject != null)
@@ -239,15 +261,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing

            if (lastLastDifficultyObject != null && lastLastDifficultyObject.BaseObject is not Spinner)
            {
+                if (lastDifficultyObject!.BaseObject is Slider prevSlider && lastDifficultyObject.TravelDistance > 0)
+                    lastCursorPosition = prevSlider.HeadCircle.StackedPosition;
+
                Vector2 lastLastCursorPosition = getEndCursorPosition(lastLastDifficultyObject);

-                Vector2 v1 = lastLastCursorPosition - LastObject.StackedPosition;
-                Vector2 v2 = BaseObject.StackedPosition - lastCursorPosition;
+                double angle = calculateAngle(BaseObject.StackedPosition, lastCursorPosition, lastLastCursorPosition);
+                double sliderAngle = calculateSliderAngle(lastDifficultyObject!, lastLastCursorPosition);

-                float dot = Vector2.Dot(v1, v2);
-                float det = v1.X * v2.Y - v1.Y * v2.X;
+                Vector2 v = BaseObject.StackedPosition - lastCursorPosition;
+                NormalisedVectorAngle = Math.Atan2(Math.Abs(v.Y), Math.Abs(v.X));

-                Angle = Math.Abs(Math.Atan2(det, dot));
+                Angle = Math.Min(angle, sliderAngle);
            }
        }

@@ -359,6 +384,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
            }
        }

+        private double calculateSliderAngle(OsuDifficultyHitObject lastDifficultyObject, Vector2 lastLastCursorPosition)
+        {
+            Vector2 lastCursorPosition = getEndCursorPosition(lastDifficultyObject);
+
+            if (lastDifficultyObject.BaseObject is Slider prevSlider && lastDifficultyObject.TravelDistance > 0)
+            {
+                OsuHitObject secondLastNestedObject = (OsuHitObject)prevSlider.NestedHitObjects[^2];
+                lastLastCursorPosition = secondLastNestedObject.StackedPosition;
+            }
+
+            return calculateAngle(BaseObject.StackedPosition, lastCursorPosition, lastLastCursorPosition);
+        }
+
+        private double calculateAngle(Vector2 currentPosition, Vector2 lastPosition, Vector2 lastLastPosition)
+        {
+            Vector2 v1 = lastLastPosition - lastPosition;
+            Vector2 v2 = currentPosition - lastPosition;
+
+            float dot = Vector2.Dot(v1, v2);
+            float det = v1.X * v2.Y - v1.Y * v2.X;
+
+            return Math.Abs(Math.Atan2(det, dot));
+        }
+
        private Vector2 getEndCursorPosition(OsuDifficultyHitObject difficultyHitObject)
        {
            return difficultyHitObject.LazyEndPosition ?? difficultyHitObject.BaseObject.StackedPosition;
@@ -4,10 +4,14 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Aim;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the skill required to correctly aim at every object in the map with a uniform CircleSize and normalized distances.
    /// </summary>
-    public class Aim : OsuStrainSkill
+    public class Aim : VariableLengthStrainSkill
    {
        public readonly bool IncludeSliders;

@@ -27,19 +31,39 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills

        private double currentStrain;

-        private double skillMultiplier => 26;
-        private double strainDecayBase => 0.15;
+        private double skillMultiplierSnap => 70.9;
+        private double skillMultiplierAgility => 2.35;
+        private double skillMultiplierFlow => 242.0;
+        private double skillMultiplierTotal => 1.12;
+        private double combinedSnapNormExponent => 1.2;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The number of sections with the highest strains, which the peak strain reductions will apply to.
+        /// This is done in order to decrease their impact on the overall difficulty of the map for this skill.
+        /// </summary>
+        private int reducedSectionTime => 4000;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The baseline multiplier applied to the section with the biggest strain.
+        /// </summary>
+        private double reducedStrainBaseline => 0.727;

        private readonly List<double> sliderStrains = new List<double>();

-        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);
+        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(0.2, ms / 1000);

-        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time, DifficultyHitObject current) => currentStrain * strainDecay(time - current.Previous(0).StartTime);
+        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time, DifficultyHitObject current) =>
+            currentStrain * strainDecay(time - current.Previous(0).StartTime);

        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
-            currentStrain *= strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
-            currentStrain += AimEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, IncludeSliders) * skillMultiplier;
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
+                return 0;
+
+            double decay = strainDecay(((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current).AdjustedDeltaTime);
+
+            currentStrain *= decay;
+            currentStrain += calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(current) * (1 - decay);

            if (current.BaseObject is Slider)
                sliderStrains.Add(currentStrain);
@@ -47,6 +71,73 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
            return currentStrain;
        }

+        private double calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double snapDifficulty = SnapAimEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, IncludeSliders) * skillMultiplierSnap;
+            double agilityDifficulty = AgilityEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current) * skillMultiplierAgility;
+            double flowDifficulty = FlowAimEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, IncludeSliders) * skillMultiplierFlow;
+
+            double totalDifficulty = calculateTotalValue(snapDifficulty, agilityDifficulty, flowDifficulty);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
+            {
+                float magnetisedStrength = Mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
+                totalDifficulty *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength;
+            }
+
+            return totalDifficulty;
+        }
+
+        private double calculateTotalValue(double snapDifficulty, double agilityDifficulty, double flowDifficulty)
+        {
+            // We compare flow to combined snap and agility because snap by itself doesn't have enough difficulty to be above flow on streams
+            // Agility on the other hand is supposed to measure the rate of cursor velocity changes while snapping
+            // So snapping every circle on a stream requires an enormous amount of agility at which point it's easier to flow
+            double combinedSnapDifficulty = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(combinedSnapNormExponent, snapDifficulty, agilityDifficulty);
+
+            double pSnap = calculateSnapFlowProbability(flowDifficulty / combinedSnapDifficulty);
+            double pFlow = 1 - pSnap;
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTouchDevice))
+            {
+                // we don't adjust agility here since agility represents TD difficulty in a decent enough way
+                snapDifficulty = Math.Pow(snapDifficulty, 0.89);
+                combinedSnapDifficulty = DifficultyCalculationUtils.Norm(combinedSnapNormExponent, snapDifficulty, agilityDifficulty);
+            }
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
+            {
+                combinedSnapDifficulty *= 0.75;
+                flowDifficulty *= 0.6;
+            }
+
+            double totalDifficulty = combinedSnapDifficulty * pSnap + flowDifficulty * pFlow;
+
+            double totalStrain = totalDifficulty * skillMultiplierTotal;
+
+            return totalStrain;
+        }
+
+        // A function that turns the ratio of snap : flow into the probability of snapping/flowing
+        // It has the constraints:
+        // P(snap) + P(flow) = 1 (the object is always either snapped or flowed)
+        // P(snap) = f(snap/flow), P(flow) = f(flow/snap) (ie snap and flow are symmetric and reversible)
+        // Therefore: f(x) + f(1/x) = 1
+        // 0 <= f(x) <= 1 (cannot have negative or greater than 100% probability of snapping or flowing)
+        // This logistic function is a solution, which fits nicely with the general idea of interpolation and provides a tuneable constant
+        private static double calculateSnapFlowProbability(double ratio)
+        {
+            const double k = 7.27;
+
+            if (ratio == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            if (double.IsNaN(ratio))
+                return 1;
+
+            return DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(-k * Math.Log(ratio));
+        }
+
        public double GetDifficultSliders()
        {
            if (sliderStrains.Count == 0)
@@ -60,6 +151,97 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
            return sliderStrains.Sum(strain => 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.Exp(-(strain / maxSliderStrain * 12.0 - 6.0))));
        }

-        public double CountTopWeightedSliders() => OsuStrainUtils.CountTopWeightedSliders(sliderStrains, DifficultyValue());
+        public double CountTopWeightedSliders(double difficultyValue)
+        {
+            if (sliderStrains.Count == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            double consistentTopStrain = difficultyValue * (1 - DecayWeight); // What would the top strain be if all strain values were identical
+
+            if (consistentTopStrain == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            // Use a weighted sum of all strains. Constants are arbitrary and give nice values
+            return sliderStrains.Sum(s => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(s / consistentTopStrain, 0.88, 10, 1.1));
+        }
+
+        public override double DifficultyValue()
+        {
+            double difficulty = 0;
+            double time = 0;
+
+            var strains = getReducedStrainPeaks();
+
+            // Difficulty is a continuous weighted sum of the sorted strains
+            foreach (StrainPeak strain in strains)
+            {
+                /* Weighting function can be thought of as:
+                        b
+                        ∫ DecayWeight^x dx
+                        a
+                    where a = startTime and b = endTime
+
+                    Technically, the function below has been slightly modified from the equation above.
+                    The real function would be
+                        double weight = Math.Pow(DecayWeight, startTime) - Math.Pow(DecayWeight, endTime);
+                        ...
+                        return difficulty / Math.Log(1 / DecayWeight);
+                    E.g. for a DecayWeight of 0.9, we're multiplying by 10 instead of 9.49122...
+
+                    This change makes it so that a map composed solely of MaxSectionLength chunks will have the exact same value when summed in this class and StrainSkill.
+                    Doing this ensures the relationship between strain values and difficulty values remains the same between the two classes.
+                */
+                double startTime = time;
+                double endTime = time + strain.SectionLength / MaxSectionLength;
+
+                double weight = Math.Pow(DecayWeight, startTime) - Math.Pow(DecayWeight, endTime);
+
+                difficulty += strain.Value * weight;
+                time = endTime;
+            }
+
+            return difficulty / (1 - DecayWeight);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a sorted enumerable of strain peaks with the highest values reduced.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private IEnumerable<StrainPeak> getReducedStrainPeaks()
+        {
+            // Sections with 0 strain are excluded to avoid worst-case time complexity of the following sort (e.g. /b/2351871).
+            // These sections will not contribute to the difficulty.
+            var peaks = GetCurrentStrainPeaks().Where(p => p.Value > 0);
+
+            List<StrainPeak> strains = peaks.OrderByDescending(p => p.Value).ToList();
+
+            const int chunk_size = 20;
+            double time = 0;
+            int strainsToRemove = 0; // All strains are removed at the end for optimization purposes
+
+            // We are reducing the highest strains first to account for extreme difficulty spikes
+            // Strains are split into 20ms chunks to try to mitigate inconsistencies caused by reducing strains
+            while (strains.Count > strainsToRemove && time < reducedSectionTime)
+            {
+                StrainPeak strain = strains[strainsToRemove];
+
+                for (double addedTime = 0; addedTime < strain.SectionLength; addedTime += chunk_size)
+                {
+                    double scale = Math.Log10(Interpolation.Lerp(1, 10, Math.Clamp((time + addedTime) / reducedSectionTime, 0, 1)));
+
+                    strains.Add(new StrainPeak(
+                        strain.Value * Interpolation.Lerp(reducedStrainBaseline, 1.0, scale),
+                        Math.Min(chunk_size, strain.SectionLength - addedTime)
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                time += strain.SectionLength;
+                strainsToRemove++;
+            }
+
+            strains.RemoveRange(0, strainsToRemove);
+
+            return strains.OrderByDescending(p => p.Value);
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
@@ -16,15 +17,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
    /// </summary>
    public class Flashlight : StrainSkill
    {
-        private readonly bool hasHiddenMod;
-
        public Flashlight(Mod[] mods)
            : base(mods)
        {
-            hasHiddenMod = mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden);
        }

-        private double skillMultiplier => 0.05512;
+        private double skillMultiplier => 0.058;
        private double strainDecayBase => 0.15;

        private double currentStrain;
@@ -35,12 +33,43 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills

        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
+            if (!Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModFlashlight))
+                return 0;
+
            currentStrain *= strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
-            currentStrain += FlashlightEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, hasHiddenMod) * skillMultiplier;
+            currentStrain += calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(current) * skillMultiplier;

            return currentStrain;
        }

+        private double calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double difficulty = FlashlightEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, Mods);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTouchDevice))
+                difficulty = Math.Pow(difficulty, 0.9);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
+            {
+                float magnetisedStrength = Mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
+                difficulty *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength;
+            }
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModDeflate))
+            {
+                float deflateInitialScale = Mods.OfType<OsuModDeflate>().First().StartScale.Value;
+                difficulty *= Math.Clamp(DifficultyCalculationUtils.ReverseLerp(deflateInitialScale, 11, 1), 0.1, 1);
+            }
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
+                difficulty *= 0.7;
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
+                difficulty *= 0.4;
+
+            return difficulty;
+        }
+
        public override double DifficultyValue() => GetCurrentStrainPeaks().Sum();

        public static double DifficultyToPerformance(double difficulty) => 25 * Math.Pow(difficulty, 2);
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using System.Linq;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
-{
-    public abstract class OsuStrainSkill : StrainSkill
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The number of sections with the highest strains, which the peak strain reductions will apply to.
-        /// This is done in order to decrease their impact on the overall difficulty of the map for this skill.
-        /// </summary>
-        protected virtual int ReducedSectionCount => 10;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The baseline multiplier applied to the section with the biggest strain.
-        /// </summary>
-        protected virtual double ReducedStrainBaseline => 0.75;
-
-        protected OsuStrainSkill(Mod[] mods)
-            : base(mods)
-        {
-        }
-
-        public override double DifficultyValue()
-        {
-            double difficulty = 0;
-            double weight = 1;
-
-            // Sections with 0 strain are excluded to avoid worst-case time complexity of the following sort (e.g. /b/2351871).
-            // These sections will not contribute to the difficulty.
-            var peaks = GetCurrentStrainPeaks().Where(p => p > 0);
-
-            List<double> strains = peaks.OrderDescending().ToList();
-
-            // We are reducing the highest strains first to account for extreme difficulty spikes
-            for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(strains.Count, ReducedSectionCount); i++)
-            {
-                double scale = Math.Log10(Interpolation.Lerp(1, 10, Math.Clamp((float)i / ReducedSectionCount, 0, 1)));
-                strains[i] *= Interpolation.Lerp(ReducedStrainBaseline, 1.0, scale);
-            }
-
-            // Difficulty is the weighted sum of the highest strains from every section.
-            // We're sorting from highest to lowest strain.
-            foreach (double strain in strains.OrderDescending())
-            {
-                difficulty += strain * weight;
-                weight *= DecayWeight;
-            }
-
-            return difficulty;
-        }
-
-        public static double DifficultyToPerformance(double difficulty) => Math.Pow(5.0 * Math.Max(1.0, difficulty / 0.0675) - 4.0, 3.0) / 100000.0;
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
+{
+    public class Reading : HarmonicSkill
+    {
+        private readonly List<DifficultyHitObject> objectList = new List<DifficultyHitObject>();
+
+        private readonly bool hasHiddenMod;
+
+        public Reading(Mod[] mods)
+            : base(mods)
+        {
+            hasHiddenMod = mods.OfType<OsuModHidden>().Any(m => !m.OnlyFadeApproachCircles.Value);
+        }
+
+        private double currentStrain;
+
+        private double skillMultiplier => 2.5;
+        private double strainDecayBase => 0.8;
+
+        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);
+
+        protected override double ObjectDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            objectList.Add(current);
+
+            double decay = strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
+
+            currentStrain *= decay;
+            currentStrain += calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(current) * (1 - decay) * skillMultiplier;
+
+            return currentStrain;
+        }
+
+        private double calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double difficulty = ReadingEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, hasHiddenMod);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModTouchDevice))
+                difficulty = Math.Pow(difficulty, 0.89);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModMagnetised))
+            {
+                float magnetisedStrength = Mods.OfType<OsuModMagnetised>().First().AttractionStrength.Value;
+                difficulty *= 1.0 - magnetisedStrength;
+            }
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
+                difficulty *= 0.4;
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
+                difficulty *= 0.1;
+
+            return difficulty;
+        }
+
+        protected override void ApplyDifficultyTransformation(double[] difficulties)
+        {
+            const double reduced_difficulty_base_line = 0.0; // Assume the first seconds are completely memorised
+
+            int reducedNoteCount = calculateReducedNoteCount();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(difficulties.Length, reducedNoteCount); i++)
+            {
+                double scale = Math.Log10(Interpolation.Lerp(1, 10, Math.Clamp((double)i / reducedNoteCount, 0, 1)));
+                difficulties[i] *= Interpolation.Lerp(reduced_difficulty_base_line, 1.0, scale);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int calculateReducedNoteCount()
+        {
+            const double reduced_difficulty_duration = 60 * 1000;
+
+            if (objectList.Count == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            double reducedDuration = objectList.First().StartTime + reduced_difficulty_duration;
+
+            int reducedNoteCount = 0;
+
+            foreach (var hitObject in objectList)
+            {
+                if (hitObject.StartTime > reducedDuration)
+                    break;
+
+                reducedNoteCount++;
+            }
+
+            return reducedNoteCount;
+        }
+
+        public override double CountTopWeightedObjectDifficulties(double difficultyValue)
+        {
+            if (ObjectDifficulties.Count == 0)
+                return 0.0;
+
+            if (NoteWeightSum == 0)
+                return 0.0;
+
+            double consistentTopNote = difficultyValue / NoteWeightSum; // What would the top difficulty be if all object difficulties were identical
+
+            if (consistentTopNote == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            return ObjectDifficulties.Sum(d => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(d / consistentTopNote, 1.15, 5, 1.1));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -3,30 +3,33 @@

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using System.Linq;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators.Speed;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the skill required to press keys with regards to keeping up with the speed at which objects need to be hit.
    /// </summary>
-    public class Speed : OsuStrainSkill
+    public class Speed : HarmonicSkill
    {
-        private double skillMultiplier => 1.47;
-        private double strainDecayBase => 0.3;
-
-        private double currentStrain;
-        private double currentRhythm;
+        private double skillMultiplier => 1.16;

        private readonly List<double> sliderStrains = new List<double>();

-        protected override int ReducedSectionCount => 5;
+        private double currentStrain;
+
+        private double strainDecayBase => 0.3;
+
+        protected override double HarmonicScale => 20;
+        protected override double DecayExponent => 0.9;

        public Speed(Mod[] mods)
            : base(mods)
@@ -35,14 +38,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills

        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);

-        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time, DifficultyHitObject current) => (currentStrain * currentRhythm) * strainDecay(time - current.Previous(0).StartTime);
-
-        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        protected override double ObjectDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
-            currentStrain *= strainDecay(((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current).AdjustedDeltaTime);
-            currentStrain += SpeedEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, Mods) * skillMultiplier;
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModRelax))
+                return 0;

-            currentRhythm = RhythmEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current);
+            double decay = strainDecay(((OsuDifficultyHitObject)current).AdjustedDeltaTime);
+
+            currentStrain *= decay;
+            currentStrain += calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(current) * (1 - decay) * skillMultiplier;
+
+            double currentRhythm = RhythmEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current);

            double totalStrain = currentStrain * currentRhythm;

@@ -52,18 +58,44 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
            return totalStrain;
        }

+        private double calculateModAdjustedDifficulty(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            double difficulty = SpeedEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current);
+
+            if (Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModAutopilot))
+                difficulty *= 0.5;
+
+            return difficulty;
+        }
+
        public double RelevantNoteCount()
        {
-            if (ObjectStrains.Count == 0)
+            if (ObjectDifficulties.Count == 0)
                return 0;

-            double maxStrain = ObjectStrains.Max();
+            double maxStrain = ObjectDifficulties.Max();
+
            if (maxStrain == 0)
                return 0;

-            return ObjectStrains.Sum(strain => 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.Exp(-(strain / maxStrain * 12.0 - 6.0))));
+            return ObjectDifficulties.Sum(strain => 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.Exp(-(strain / maxStrain * 12.0 - 6.0))));
        }

-        public double CountTopWeightedSliders() => OsuStrainUtils.CountTopWeightedSliders(sliderStrains, DifficultyValue());
+        public double CountTopWeightedSliders(double difficultyValue)
+        {
+            if (sliderStrains.Count == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            if (NoteWeightSum == 0)
+                return 0.0;
+
+            double consistentTopNote = difficultyValue / NoteWeightSum; // What would the top note be if all note values were identical
+
+            if (consistentTopNote == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            // Use a weighted sum of all notes. Constants are arbitrary and give nice values
+            return sliderStrains.Sum(s => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(s / consistentTopNote, 0.88, 10, 1.1));
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Utils
-{
-    public static class OsuStrainUtils
-    {
-        public static double CountTopWeightedSliders(IReadOnlyCollection<double> sliderStrains, double difficultyValue)
-        {
-            if (sliderStrains.Count == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-            double consistentTopStrain = difficultyValue / 10; // What would the top strain be if all strain values were identical
-
-            if (consistentTopStrain == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-            // Use a weighted sum of all strains. Constants are arbitrary and give nice values
-            return sliderStrains.Sum(s => DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(s / consistentTopStrain, 0.88, 10, 1.1));
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
@@ -37,13 +38,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit
        [Resolved]
        private IEditorChangeHandler? changeHandler { get; set; }

+        [Resolved]
+        private EditorBeatmap editorBeatmap { get; set; } = null!;
+
        [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
        private IDistanceSnapProvider? snapProvider { get; set; }

        private BindableList<HitObject> selectedItems { get; } = new BindableList<HitObject>();

        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load(EditorBeatmap editorBeatmap)
+        private void load()
        {
            selectedItems.BindTo(editorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects);
        }
@@ -53,15 +57,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit
            base.LoadComplete();

            selectedItems.CollectionChanged += (_, __) => updateState();
+            editorBeatmap.HitObjectUpdated += hitObjectUpdated;
            updateState();
        }

+        private void hitObjectUpdated(HitObject hitObject)
+        {
+            if (selectedMovableObjects.Contains(hitObject))
+                updateState();
+        }
+
        private void updateState()
        {
            var quad = GeometryUtils.GetSurroundingQuad(selectedMovableObjects);

-            CanScaleX.Value = quad.Width > 0;
-            CanScaleY.Value = quad.Height > 0;
+            CanScaleX.Value = Precision.DefinitelyBigger(quad.Width, 0);
+            CanScaleY.Value = Precision.DefinitelyBigger(quad.Height, 0);
            CanScaleDiagonally.Value = CanScaleX.Value && CanScaleY.Value;
            CanScaleFromPlayfieldOrigin.Value = selectedMovableObjects.Any();
            IsScalingSlider.Value = selectedMovableObjects.Count() == 1 && selectedMovableObjects.First() is Slider;
@@ -339,5 +350,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit
                PathControlPointTypes = (hitObject as IHasPath)?.Path.ControlPoints.Select(p => p.Type).ToArray();
            }
        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(isDisposing);
+
+            if (editorBeatmap.IsNotNull())
+                editorBeatmap.HitObjectUpdated -= hitObjectUpdated;
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -62,14 +62,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                if (osuObject is not Spinner)
                    osuObject.TimePreempt += osuObject.StartTime - lastNewComboTime;

+                int repeatCount = 0;
+
                foreach (var nested in osuObject.NestedHitObjects.OfType<OsuHitObject>())
                {
                    switch (nested)
                    {
-                        //Freezing the SliderTicks doesnt play well with snaking sliders
+                        // Freezing the SliderTicks doesnt play well with snaking sliders
                        case SliderTick:
-                        //SliderRepeat wont layer correctly if preempt is changed.
+                            break;
+
                        case SliderRepeat:
+                            if (repeatCount > 2)
+                                break;
+
+                            applyFadeInAdjustment(nested);
+                            repeatCount++;
                            break;

                        default:
@@ -277,19 +277,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu

        public override IRulesetConfigManager CreateConfig(SettingsStore? settings) => new OsuRulesetConfigManager(settings, RulesetInfo);

-        protected override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
+        public override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                HitResult.Great,
                HitResult.Ok,
                HitResult.Meh,
+                HitResult.Miss,

                HitResult.LargeTickHit,
+                HitResult.LargeTickMiss,
                HitResult.SmallTickHit,
+                HitResult.SmallTickMiss,
                HitResult.SliderTailHit,
                HitResult.SmallBonus,
                HitResult.LargeBonus,
+                HitResult.IgnoreHit,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
            };
        }

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Editor
                string export = LocalStorage.GetFiles("exports").First();

                using (var stream = LocalStorage.GetStream(export))
-                using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(stream))
+                using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(stream))
                {
                    using (var osuStream = zip.Entries.First().OpenEntryStream())
                    using (var reader = new StreamReader(osuStream))
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="4.5.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="6.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Rhythm;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Rhythm.Data;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators
 {
@@ -16,8 +18,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators
        /// <summary>
        /// Evaluate the difficulty of a hitobject considering its interval change.
        /// </summary>
-        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject hitObject, double hitWindow)
+        public static double EvaluateDifficultyOf(DifficultyHitObject hitObject)
        {
+            if (hitObject.BaseObject is not Hit)
+                return 0;
+
            TaikoRhythmData rhythmData = ((TaikoDifficultyHitObject)hitObject).RhythmData;
            double difficulty = 0.0d;

@@ -25,6 +30,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators
            double samePattern = 0;
            double intervalPenalty = 0;

+            double hitWindow = hitObject.HitWindow(HitResult.Great);
+
            if (rhythmData.SameRhythmGroupedHitObjects?.FirstHitObject == hitObject) // Difficulty for SameRhythmGroupedHitObjects
            {
                sameRhythm += 10.0 * evaluateDifficultyOf(rhythmData.SameRhythmGroupedHitObjects, hitWindow);
@@ -56,8 +63,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators
                {
                    intervalDifficulty *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(
                        durationDifference / hitWindow,
-                        midpointOffset: 0.7,
-                        multiplier: 1.0,
+                        midpointOffset: 0.35,
+                        multiplier: 2,
                        maxValue: 1);
                }
            }
@@ -65,8 +72,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators
            // Penalise patterns that can be hit within a single hit window.
            intervalDifficulty *= DifficultyCalculationUtils.Logistic(
                sameRhythmGroupedHitObjects.Duration / hitWindow,
-                midpointOffset: 0.6,
-                multiplier: 1,
+                midpointOffset: 0.3,
+                multiplier: 2,
                maxValue: 1);

            return Math.Pow(intervalDifficulty, 0.75);
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Evaluators;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Colour;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Rhythm;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing
 {
@@ -17,17 +17,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Skills
        protected override double SkillMultiplier => 1.0;
        protected override double StrainDecayBase => 0.4;

-        private readonly double greatHitWindow;
-
-        public Rhythm(Mod[] mods, double greatHitWindow)
+        public Rhythm(Mod[] mods)
            : base(mods)
        {
-            this.greatHitWindow = greatHitWindow;
        }

        protected override double StrainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
        {
-            double difficulty = RhythmEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current, greatHitWindow);
+            double difficulty = RhythmEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current);

            // To prevent abuse of exceedingly long intervals between awkward rhythms, we penalise its difficulty.
            double staminaDifficulty = StaminaEvaluator.EvaluateDifficultyOf(current) - 0.5; // Remove base strain
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Colour;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Preprocessing.Rhythm;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Skills;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Utils;

 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
 {
@@ -41,17 +40,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
        {
        }

-        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
-            HitWindows hitWindows = new TaikoHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
-
            isConvert = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0;
            isRelax = mods.Any(h => h is TaikoModRelax);

            return new Skill[]
            {
-                new Rhythm(mods, hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate),
+                new Rhythm(mods),
                new Reading(mods),
                new Colour(mods),
                new Stamina(mods, false, isConvert),
@@ -67,13 +63,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
            new TaikoModHardRock(),
        };

-        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate)
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
        {
            var difficultyHitObjects = new List<DifficultyHitObject>();
            var centreObjects = new List<TaikoDifficultyHitObject>();
            var rimObjects = new List<TaikoDifficultyHitObject>();
            var noteObjects = new List<TaikoDifficultyHitObject>();

+            double clockRate = ModUtils.CalculateRateWithMods(mods);
+
            // Generate TaikoDifficultyHitObjects from the beatmap's hit objects.
            for (int i = 2; i < beatmap.HitObjects.Count; i++)
            {
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
            return difficultyHitObjects;
        }

-        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills)
        {
            if (beatmap.HitObjects.Count == 0)
                return new TaikoDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods };
@@ -108,14 +106,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
            var stamina = skills.OfType<Stamina>().Single(s => !s.SingleColourStamina);
            var singleColourStamina = skills.OfType<Stamina>().Single(s => s.SingleColourStamina);

+            double staminaDifficultyValue = stamina.DifficultyValue();
+
            double rhythmSkill = rhythm.DifficultyValue() * rhythm_skill_multiplier;
            double readingSkill = reading.DifficultyValue() * reading_skill_multiplier;
            double colourSkill = colour.DifficultyValue() * colour_skill_multiplier;
-            double staminaSkill = stamina.DifficultyValue() * stamina_skill_multiplier;
+            double staminaSkill = staminaDifficultyValue * stamina_skill_multiplier;
            double monoStaminaSkill = singleColourStamina.DifficultyValue() * stamina_skill_multiplier;
            double monoStaminaFactor = staminaSkill == 0 ? 1 : Math.Pow(monoStaminaSkill / staminaSkill, 5);

-            double staminaDifficultStrains = stamina.CountTopWeightedStrains();
+            double staminaDifficultStrains = stamina.CountTopWeightedStrains(staminaDifficultyValue);

            // As we don't have pattern integration in osu!taiko, we apply the other two skills relative to rhythm.
            patternMultiplier = Math.Pow(staminaSkill * colourSkill, 0.10);
@@ -184,10 +184,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
            }

            List<double> hitObjectStrainPeaks = combinePeaks(
-                rhythm.GetObjectStrains().ToList(),
-                reading.GetObjectStrains().ToList(),
-                colour.GetObjectStrains().ToList(),
-                stamina.GetObjectStrains().ToList()
+                rhythm.GetObjectDifficulties(),
+                reading.GetObjectDifficulties(),
+                colour.GetObjectDifficulties(),
+                stamina.GetObjectDifficulties()
            );

            if (hitObjectStrainPeaks.Count == 0)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
        /// <summary>
        /// Combines lists of peak strains from multiple skills into a list of single peak strains for each section.
        /// </summary>
-        private List<double> combinePeaks(List<double> rhythmPeaks, List<double> readingPeaks, List<double> colourPeaks, List<double> staminaPeaks)
+        private List<double> combinePeaks(IReadOnlyList<double> rhythmPeaks, IReadOnlyList<double> readingPeaks, IReadOnlyList<double> colourPeaks, IReadOnlyList<double> staminaPeaks)
        {
            var combinedPeaks = new List<double>();

@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
                    }
                }
            }
+
+            taikoBeatmap.HitObjects.Sort((a, b) => a.StartTime.CompareTo(b.StartTime));
        }

        private int getSnapBetweenNotes(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, Hit currentNote, Hit nextNote)
@@ -222,15 +222,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko

        public override RulesetSettingsSubsection CreateSettings() => new TaikoSettingsSubsection(this);

-        protected override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
+        public override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                HitResult.Great,
                HitResult.Ok,
+                HitResult.Miss,

                HitResult.SmallBonus,
                HitResult.LargeBonus,
+                HitResult.IgnoreHit,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
            };
        }

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream);
                var working = new TestWorkingBeatmap(decoder.Decode(stream));

-                Assert.AreEqual(6, working.Beatmap.BeatmapVersion);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6, working.Beatmap.BeatmapVersion);
                Assert.That(working.Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.Name, Is.Not.EqualTo("null placeholder ruleset"));
-                Assert.AreEqual(6, working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, Array.Empty<Mod>()).BeatmapVersion);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6, working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, Array.Empty<Mod>()).BeatmapVersion);
            }
        }

@@ -59,10 +60,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                ((LegacyBeatmapDecoder)decoder).ApplyOffsets = applyOffsets;
                var working = new TestWorkingBeatmap(decoder.Decode(stream));

-                Assert.AreEqual(4, working.Beatmap.BeatmapVersion);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, Array.Empty<Mod>()).BeatmapVersion);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, working.Beatmap.BeatmapVersion);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, Array.Empty<Mod>()).BeatmapVersion);

-                Assert.AreEqual(-1, working.BeatmapInfo.Metadata.PreviewTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(-1, working.BeatmapInfo.Metadata.PreviewTime);
            }
        }

@@ -78,17 +79,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmapInfo = beatmap.BeatmapInfo;
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", metadata.AudioFile);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.AudioLeadIn);
-                Assert.AreEqual(164471, metadata.PreviewTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0.7f, beatmap.StackLeniency);
-                Assert.IsTrue(beatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0);
-                Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.LetterboxInBreaks);
-                Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.SpecialStyle);
-                Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.WidescreenStoryboard);
-                Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.SamplesMatchPlaybackRate);
-                Assert.AreEqual(CountdownType.None, beatmap.Countdown);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.CountdownOffset);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", metadata.AudioFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.AudioLeadIn);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(164471, metadata.PreviewTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0.7f, beatmap.StackLeniency);
+                ClassicAssert.True(beatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0);
+                ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.LetterboxInBreaks);
+                ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.SpecialStyle);
+                ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.WidescreenStoryboard);
+                ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.SamplesMatchPlaybackRate);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(CountdownType.None, beatmap.Countdown);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.CountdownOffset);
            }
        }

@@ -108,13 +109,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                    95901, 106450, 116999, 119637, 130186, 140735, 151285,
                    161834, 164471, 175020, 185570, 196119, 206669, 209306
                };
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks.Length, beatmap.Bookmarks.Length);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks.Length, beatmap.Bookmarks.Length);
                for (int i = 0; i < expectedBookmarks.Length; i++)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks[i], beatmap.Bookmarks[i]);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1.8, beatmap.DistanceSpacing);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatDivisor);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.GridSize);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, beatmap.TimelineZoom);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks[i], beatmap.Bookmarks[i]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.8, beatmap.DistanceSpacing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatDivisor);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.GridSize);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, beatmap.TimelineZoom);
            }
        }

@@ -130,16 +131,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmapInfo = beatmap.BeatmapInfo;
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", metadata.TitleUnicode);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", metadata.Artist);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", metadata.ArtistUnicode);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gamu", metadata.Author.Username);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Insane", beatmapInfo.DifficultyName);
-                Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, metadata.Source);
-                Assert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", metadata.Tags);
-                Assert.AreEqual(557821, beatmapInfo.OnlineID);
-                Assert.AreEqual(241526, beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", metadata.TitleUnicode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", metadata.Artist);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", metadata.ArtistUnicode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gamu", metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Insane", beatmapInfo.DifficultyName);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(string.Empty, metadata.Source);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", metadata.Tags);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(557821, beatmapInfo.OnlineID);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(241526, beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
            }
        }

@@ -153,12 +154,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var difficulty = decoder.Decode(stream).Difficulty;

-                Assert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);
-                Assert.AreEqual(8, difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
-                Assert.AreEqual(9, difficulty.ApproachRate);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1.8, difficulty.SliderMultiplier);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, difficulty.SliderTickRate);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, difficulty.ApproachRate);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.8, difficulty.SliderMultiplier);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, difficulty.SliderTickRate);
            }
        }

@@ -174,10 +175,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;
                var breakPoint = beatmap.Breaks[0];

-                Assert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
-                Assert.AreEqual(122474, breakPoint.StartTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(140135, breakPoint.EndTime);
-                Assert.IsTrue(breakPoint.HasEffect);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(122474, breakPoint.StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(140135, breakPoint.EndTime);
+                ClassicAssert.True(breakPoint.HasEffect);
            }
        }

@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream);
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
            }
        }

@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream);
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
            }
        }

@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream);
                var metadata = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("BG.jpg", metadata.BackgroundFile);
            }
        }

@@ -237,67 +238,67 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream);
                var controlPoints = (LegacyControlPointInfo)beatmap.ControlPointInfo;

-                Assert.AreEqual(4, controlPoints.TimingPoints.Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(5, controlPoints.DifficultyPoints.Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(34, controlPoints.SamplePoints.Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(8, controlPoints.EffectPoints.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, controlPoints.TimingPoints.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(5, controlPoints.DifficultyPoints.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(34, controlPoints.SamplePoints.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, controlPoints.EffectPoints.Count);

                var timingPoint = controlPoints.TimingPointAt(0);
-                Assert.AreEqual(956, timingPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(329.67032967033, timingPoint.BeatLength);
-                Assert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
-                Assert.IsFalse(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, timingPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(329.67032967033, timingPoint.BeatLength);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
+                ClassicAssert.False(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);

                timingPoint = controlPoints.TimingPointAt(48428);
-                Assert.AreEqual(956, timingPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(329.67032967033d, timingPoint.BeatLength);
-                Assert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
-                Assert.IsFalse(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, timingPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(329.67032967033d, timingPoint.BeatLength);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
+                ClassicAssert.False(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);

                timingPoint = controlPoints.TimingPointAt(119637);
-                Assert.AreEqual(119637, timingPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(659.340659340659, timingPoint.BeatLength);
-                Assert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
-                Assert.IsFalse(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(119637, timingPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(659.340659340659, timingPoint.BeatLength);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(TimeSignature.SimpleQuadruple, timingPoint.TimeSignature);
+                ClassicAssert.False(timingPoint.OmitFirstBarLine);

                var difficultyPoint = controlPoints.DifficultyPointAt(0);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, difficultyPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1.0, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, difficultyPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.0, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity);

                difficultyPoint = controlPoints.DifficultyPointAt(48428);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, difficultyPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1.0, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, difficultyPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.0, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity);

                difficultyPoint = controlPoints.DifficultyPointAt(116999);
-                Assert.AreEqual(116999, difficultyPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0.75, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity, 0.1);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(116999, difficultyPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0.75, difficultyPoint.SliderVelocity, 0.1);

                var soundPoint = controlPoints.SamplePointAt(0);
-                Assert.AreEqual(956, soundPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
-                Assert.AreEqual(60, soundPoint.SampleVolume);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, soundPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(60, soundPoint.SampleVolume);

                soundPoint = controlPoints.SamplePointAt(53373);
-                Assert.AreEqual(53373, soundPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
-                Assert.AreEqual(60, soundPoint.SampleVolume);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(53373, soundPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(60, soundPoint.SampleVolume);

                soundPoint = controlPoints.SamplePointAt(119637);
-                Assert.AreEqual(119637, soundPoint.Time);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
-                Assert.AreEqual(80, soundPoint.SampleVolume);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(119637, soundPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.BANK_SOFT, soundPoint.SampleBank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(80, soundPoint.SampleVolume);

                var effectPoint = controlPoints.EffectPointAt(0);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, effectPoint.Time);
-                Assert.IsFalse(effectPoint.KiaiMode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, effectPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.False(effectPoint.KiaiMode);

                effectPoint = controlPoints.EffectPointAt(53703);
-                Assert.AreEqual(53703, effectPoint.Time);
-                Assert.IsTrue(effectPoint.KiaiMode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(53703, effectPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.True(effectPoint.KiaiMode);

                effectPoint = controlPoints.EffectPointAt(116637);
-                Assert.AreEqual(95901, effectPoint.Time);
-                Assert.IsFalse(effectPoint.KiaiMode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(95901, effectPoint.Time);
+                ClassicAssert.False(effectPoint.KiaiMode);
            }
        }

@@ -397,9 +398,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                    new Color4(255, 177, 140, 255),
                    new Color4(100, 100, 100, 255), // alpha is specified as 100, but should be ignored.
                };
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedColors.Length, comboColors.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedColors.Length, comboColors.Count);
                for (int i = 0; i < expectedColors.Length; i++)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(expectedColors[i], comboColors[i]);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedColors[i], comboColors[i]);
            }
        }

@@ -426,9 +427,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                    new Color4(100, 100, 100, 255),
                    new Color4(142, 199, 255, 255),
                };
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedColors.Length, comboColors.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedColors.Length, comboColors.Count);
                for (int i = 0; i < expectedColors.Length; i++)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(expectedColors[i], comboColors[i]);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedColors[i], comboColors[i]);
            }
        }

@@ -464,12 +465,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                new OsuBeatmapProcessor(converted).PreProcess();
                new OsuBeatmapProcessor(converted).PostProcess();

-                Assert.AreEqual(1, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(0)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(2)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(3, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(4)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(6)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(8, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(8)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(9, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(11)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(0)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(2)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(4)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(6)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(8)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(11)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
            }
        }

@@ -487,12 +488,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                new CatchBeatmapProcessor(converted).PreProcess();
                new CatchBeatmapProcessor(converted).PostProcess();

-                Assert.AreEqual(1, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(0)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(2)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(3, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(4)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(6)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(8, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(8)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
-                Assert.AreEqual(9, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(11)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(0)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(2)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(4)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(6)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(8)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, ((IHasComboInformation)converted.HitObjects.ElementAt(11)).ComboIndexWithOffsets);
            }
        }

@@ -508,8 +509,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats

                var positionData = hitObjects[0] as IHasPosition;

-                Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(256, 256), positionData!.Position);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(positionData);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(256, 256), positionData!.Position);
            }
        }

@@ -525,8 +526,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats

                var positionData = hitObjects[0] as IHasPosition;

-                Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(256.99853f, 256.001f), positionData!.Position);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(positionData);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(256.99853f, 256.001f), positionData!.Position);
            }
        }

@@ -543,18 +544,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var curveData = hitObjects[0] as IHasPathWithRepeats;
                var positionData = hitObjects[0] as IHasPosition;

-                Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(curveData);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData!.Position);
-                Assert.AreEqual(956, hitObjects[0].StartTime);
-                Assert.IsTrue(hitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(positionData);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(curveData);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData!.Position);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, hitObjects[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.True(hitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));

                positionData = hitObjects[1] as IHasPosition;

-                Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData!.Position);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1285, hitObjects[1].StartTime);
-                Assert.IsTrue(hitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(positionData);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData!.Position);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1285, hitObjects[1].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.True(hitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
            }
        }

@@ -585,22 +586,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var hitObjects = decoder.Decode(stream).HitObjects;

-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).LookupNames.First());

                // The fourth object is a slider.
                // `Samples` of a slider are presumed to control the volume of sounds that last the entire duration of the slider
                // (such as ticks, slider slide sounds, etc.)
                // Thus, the point of query of control points used for `Samples` is just beyond the start time of the slider.
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal11", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[4]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal11", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[4]).LookupNames.First());

                // That said, the `NodeSamples` of the slider are responsible for the sounds of the slider's head / tail / repeats / large ticks etc.
                // Therefore, they should be read at the time instant correspondent to the given node.
                // This means that the tail should use bank 8 rather than 11.
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal11", ((ConvertSlider)hitObjects[4]).NodeSamples[0][0].LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal8", ((ConvertSlider)hitObjects[4]).NodeSamples[1][0].LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal11", ((ConvertSlider)hitObjects[4]).NodeSamples[0][0].LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/soft-hitnormal8", ((ConvertSlider)hitObjects[4]).NodeSamples[1][0].LookupNames.First());
            }

            static HitSampleInfo getTestableSampleInfo(HitObject hitObject) => hitObject.Samples[0];
@@ -616,9 +617,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var hitObjects = decoder.Decode(stream).HitObjects;

-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal3", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal3", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
            }

            static HitSampleInfo getTestableSampleInfo(HitObject hitObject) => hitObject.Samples[0];
@@ -634,11 +635,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var hitObjects = decoder.Decode(stream).HitObjects;

-                Assert.AreEqual("hit_1.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("hit_2.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual("hit_1.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).LookupNames.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual(70, getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).Volume);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("hit_1.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[0]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("hit_2.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[1]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gameplay/normal-hitnormal2", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[2]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("hit_1.wav", getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).LookupNames.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(70, getTestableSampleInfo(hitObjects[3]).Volume);
            }

            static HitSampleInfo getTestableSampleInfo(HitObject hitObject) => hitObject.Samples[0];
@@ -656,35 +657,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats

                var slider1 = (ConvertSlider)hitObjects[0];

-                Assert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[0].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[1].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[2].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[0].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[1].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, slider1.NodeSamples[2].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider1.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);

                var slider2 = (ConvertSlider)hitObjects[1];

-                Assert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[0].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[0][1].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[1].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[1][1].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[2].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[2][1].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[0].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[0][1].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[1].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[1][1].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, slider2.NodeSamples[2].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider2.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider2.NodeSamples[2][1].Name);

                var slider3 = (ConvertSlider)hitObjects[2];

-                Assert.AreEqual(2, slider3.NodeSamples[0].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_WHISTLE, slider3.NodeSamples[0][1].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, slider3.NodeSamples[1].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, slider3.NodeSamples[2].Count);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);
-                Assert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider3.NodeSamples[2][1].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, slider3.NodeSamples[0].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[0][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_WHISTLE, slider3.NodeSamples[0][1].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, slider3.NodeSamples[1].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[1][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, slider3.NodeSamples[2].Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, slider3.NodeSamples[2][0].Name);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP, slider3.NodeSamples[2][1].Name);
            }
        }

@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var hitObjects = decoder.Decode(stream).HitObjects;

-                Assert.AreEqual(hitObjects[0].Samples[0].Bank, hitObjects[0].Samples[1].Bank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(hitObjects[0].Samples[0].Bank, hitObjects[0].Samples[1].Bank);
            }
        }

@@ -739,10 +740,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats

            static void assertObjectHasBanks(HitObject hitObject, string normalBank, string? additionsBank = null)
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual(normalBank, hitObject.Samples[0].Bank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(normalBank, hitObject.Samples[0].Bank);

                if (additionsBank != null)
-                    Assert.AreEqual(additionsBank, hitObject.Samples[1].Bank);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(additionsBank, hitObject.Samples[1].Bank);
            }
        }

@@ -756,11 +757,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream));
-                Assert.IsNotNull(beatmap);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Beatmap with corrupted header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Evil Hacker", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmap);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Beatmap with corrupted header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Evil Hacker", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
            }
        }

@@ -774,11 +775,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream));
-                Assert.IsNotNull(beatmap);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Beatmap with no header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Incredibly Evil Hacker", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmap);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Beatmap with no header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Incredibly Evil Hacker", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
            }
        }

@@ -792,11 +793,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream));
-                Assert.IsNotNull(beatmap);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Empty lines at start", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Edge Case Hunter", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmap);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Empty lines at start", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Edge Case Hunter", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
            }
        }

@@ -810,11 +811,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream));
-                Assert.IsNotNull(beatmap);
-                Assert.AreEqual("The dog ate the file header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Why does this keep happening", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmap);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("The dog ate the file header", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Why does this keep happening", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
            }
        }

@@ -828,11 +829,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => beatmap = decoder.Decode(stream));
-                Assert.IsNotNull(beatmap);
-                Assert.AreEqual("No empty line delimiting header from contents", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Edge Case Hunter", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmap);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("No empty line delimiting header from contents", beatmap.Metadata.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Edge Case Hunter", beatmap.Metadata.Author.Username);
            }
        }

@@ -855,7 +856,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
            }

            Assert.DoesNotThrow(LegacyDifficultyCalculatorBeatmapDecoder.Register);
@@ -864,7 +865,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
            {
                Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream));
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyDifficultyCalculatorBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyDifficultyCalculatorBeatmapDecoder>(decoder);
            }
        }

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                // emulate non-legacy control points by cloning the non-legacy portion.
                // the assertion is that the encoder can recreate this losslessly from hitobject data.
-                Assert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyControlPointInfo>(controlPointInfo);
+                ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf<LegacyControlPointInfo>(controlPointInfo);

                var newControlPoints = new ControlPointInfo();

@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            Assert.That(actual.beatmap.HitObjects.Serialize(), Is.EqualTo(expected.beatmap.HitObjects.Serialize()));

            // Check skin.
-            Assert.IsTrue(areComboColoursEqual(expected.skin.Configuration, actual.skin.Configuration));
+            ClassicAssert.True(areComboColoursEqual(expected.skin.Configuration, actual.skin.Configuration));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -58,18 +59,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var score = decoder.Parse(resourceStream);

-                Assert.AreEqual(3, score.ScoreInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, score.ScoreInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID);

-                Assert.AreEqual(2, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Great]);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Good]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Great]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Good]);

-                Assert.AreEqual(829_931, score.ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore);
-                Assert.AreEqual(3, score.ScoreInfo.MaxCombo);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(829_931, score.ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, score.ScoreInfo.MaxCombo);

                Assert.That(score.ScoreInfo.APIMods.Select(m => m.Acronym), Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { "CL", "9K", "DS" }));

                Assert.That((2 * 300d + 1 * 200) / (3 * 305d), Is.EqualTo(score.ScoreInfo.Accuracy).Within(0.0001));
-                Assert.AreEqual(ScoreRank.B, score.ScoreInfo.Rank);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ScoreRank.B, score.ScoreInfo.Rank);

                Assert.That(score.Replay.Frames, Has.One.Matches<ManiaReplayFrame>(frame =>
                    frame.Time == 414 && frame.Actions.SequenceEqual(new[] { ManiaAction.Key1, ManiaAction.Key18 })));
@@ -85,10 +86,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var score = decoder.Parse(resourceStream);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1, score.ScoreInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Great]);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.LargeBonus]);
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, score.ScoreInfo.MaxCombo);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, score.ScoreInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Great]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.LargeBonus]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, score.ScoreInfo.MaxCombo);

                Assert.That(score.Replay.Frames, Is.Not.Empty);
            }
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osuTK;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -25,73 +26,73 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            {
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

-                Assert.IsTrue(storyboard.HasDrawable);
-                Assert.AreEqual(6, storyboard.Layers.Count());
+                ClassicAssert.True(storyboard.HasDrawable);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6, storyboard.Layers.Count());

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(background);
-                Assert.AreEqual(16, background.Elements.Count);
-                Assert.IsTrue(background.VisibleWhenFailing);
-                Assert.IsTrue(background.VisibleWhenPassing);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Background", background.Name);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(background);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(16, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.True(background.VisibleWhenFailing);
+                ClassicAssert.True(background.VisibleWhenPassing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Background", background.Name);

                StoryboardLayer fail = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 2);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(fail);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, fail.Elements.Count);
-                Assert.IsTrue(fail.VisibleWhenFailing);
-                Assert.IsFalse(fail.VisibleWhenPassing);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Fail", fail.Name);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(fail);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, fail.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.True(fail.VisibleWhenFailing);
+                ClassicAssert.False(fail.VisibleWhenPassing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Fail", fail.Name);

                StoryboardLayer pass = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 1);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(pass);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, pass.Elements.Count);
-                Assert.IsFalse(pass.VisibleWhenFailing);
-                Assert.IsTrue(pass.VisibleWhenPassing);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Pass", pass.Name);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(pass);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, pass.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.False(pass.VisibleWhenFailing);
+                ClassicAssert.True(pass.VisibleWhenPassing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Pass", pass.Name);

                StoryboardLayer foreground = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 0);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(foreground);
-                Assert.AreEqual(151, foreground.Elements.Count);
-                Assert.IsTrue(foreground.VisibleWhenFailing);
-                Assert.IsTrue(foreground.VisibleWhenPassing);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Foreground", foreground.Name);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(foreground);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(151, foreground.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.True(foreground.VisibleWhenFailing);
+                ClassicAssert.True(foreground.VisibleWhenPassing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Foreground", foreground.Name);

                StoryboardLayer overlay = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == int.MinValue);
-                Assert.IsNotNull(overlay);
-                Assert.IsEmpty(overlay.Elements);
-                Assert.IsTrue(overlay.VisibleWhenFailing);
-                Assert.IsTrue(overlay.VisibleWhenPassing);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Overlay", overlay.Name);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(overlay);
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(overlay.Elements);
+                ClassicAssert.True(overlay.VisibleWhenFailing);
+                ClassicAssert.True(overlay.VisibleWhenPassing);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Overlay", overlay.Name);

                int spriteCount = background.Elements.Count(x => x.GetType() == typeof(StoryboardSprite));
                int animationCount = background.Elements.Count(x => x.GetType() == typeof(StoryboardAnimation));
                int sampleCount = background.Elements.Count(x => x.GetType() == typeof(StoryboardSampleInfo));

-                Assert.AreEqual(15, spriteCount);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, animationCount);
-                Assert.AreEqual(0, sampleCount);
-                Assert.AreEqual(background.Elements.Count, spriteCount + animationCount + sampleCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, spriteCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, animationCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, sampleCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(background.Elements.Count, spriteCount + animationCount + sampleCount);

                var sprite = background.Elements.ElementAt(0) as StoryboardSprite;
-                Assert.NotNull(sprite);
-                Assert.IsTrue(sprite!.HasCommands);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(320, 240), sprite.InitialPosition);
-                Assert.IsTrue(sprite.IsDrawable);
-                Assert.AreEqual(Anchor.Centre, sprite.Origin);
-                Assert.AreEqual("SB/lyric/ja-21.png", sprite.Path);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(sprite);
+                ClassicAssert.True(sprite!.HasCommands);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(320, 240), sprite.InitialPosition);
+                ClassicAssert.True(sprite.IsDrawable);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(Anchor.Centre, sprite.Origin);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("SB/lyric/ja-21.png", sprite.Path);

                var animation = background.Elements.OfType<StoryboardAnimation>().First();
-                Assert.NotNull(animation);
-                Assert.AreEqual(141175, animation.EndTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(10, animation.FrameCount);
-                Assert.AreEqual(30, animation.FrameDelay);
-                Assert.IsTrue(animation.HasCommands);
-                Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(320, 240), animation.InitialPosition);
-                Assert.IsTrue(animation.IsDrawable);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, animation.LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(Anchor.Centre, animation.Origin);
-                Assert.AreEqual("SB/red jitter/red_0000.jpg", animation.Path);
-                Assert.AreEqual(78993, animation.StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(animation);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(141175, animation.EndTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, animation.FrameCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(30, animation.FrameDelay);
+                ClassicAssert.True(animation.HasCommands);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(320, 240), animation.InitialPosition);
+                ClassicAssert.True(animation.IsDrawable);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, animation.LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(Anchor.Centre, animation.Origin);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("SB/red jitter/red_0000.jpg", animation.Path);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(78993, animation.StartTime);
            }
        }

@@ -106,13 +107,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, background.Elements.Count);

-                Assert.AreEqual(2000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EarliestTransformTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EarliestTransformTime);

-                Assert.AreEqual(3000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.GetEndTime());
-                Assert.AreEqual(12000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EndTimeForDisplay);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.GetEndTime());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(12000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EndTimeForDisplay);
            }
        }

@@ -127,11 +128,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, background.Elements.Count);

-                Assert.AreEqual(2000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
                // This property should be used in DrawableStoryboardAnimation as a starting point for animation playback.
-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EarliestTransformTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, (background.Elements[0] as StoryboardAnimation)?.EarliestTransformTime);
            }
        }

@@ -146,10 +147,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[1].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[1].StartTime);
            }
        }

@@ -164,12 +165,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[1].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1500, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[1].StartTime);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, storyboard.EarliestEventTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, storyboard.EarliestEventTime);
            }
        }

@@ -184,12 +185,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, background.Elements.Count);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[1].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[0].StartTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, background.Elements[1].StartTime);

-                Assert.AreEqual(1000, storyboard.EarliestEventTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1000, storyboard.EarliestEventTime);
            }
        }

@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
-                Assert.AreEqual(3456, ((StoryboardSprite)background.Elements.Single()).InitialPosition.X);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3456, ((StoryboardSprite)background.Elements.Single()).InitialPosition.X);
            }
        }

@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                StoryboardLayer video = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Name == "Video");
                Assert.That(video.Elements.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));

-                Assert.AreEqual("Video.avi", ((StoryboardVideo)video.Elements[0]).Path);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Video.avi", ((StoryboardVideo)video.Elements[0]).Path);
            }
        }

@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                StoryboardLayer video = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Name == "Video");
                Assert.That(video.Elements.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));

-                Assert.AreEqual("Video.AVI", ((StoryboardVideo)video.Elements[0]).Path);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Video.AVI", ((StoryboardVideo)video.Elements[0]).Path);
            }
        }

@@ -268,12 +269,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);

                StoryboardLayer foreground = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 0);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[0]).LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopOnce, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[1]).LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[2]).LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopOnce, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[3]).LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[4]).LoopType);
-                Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[5]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[0]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopOnce, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[1]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[2]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopOnce, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[3]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[4]).LoopType);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[5]).LoopType);
            }
        }

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@

 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using DeepEqual.Syntax;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ using osu.Game.IO.Serialization;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
 using osuTK;

@@ -33,17 +32,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
        {
            var beatmap = decodeAsJson(normal);
            var meta = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Metadata;
-            Assert.AreEqual(241526, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
-            Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.Artist);
-            Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.ArtistUnicode);
-            Assert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", meta.AudioFile);
-            Assert.AreEqual("Gamu", meta.Author.Username);
-            Assert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", meta.BackgroundFile);
-            Assert.AreEqual(164471, meta.PreviewTime);
-            Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, meta.Source);
-            Assert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", meta.Tags);
-            Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.Title);
-            Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.TitleUnicode);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(241526, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.Artist);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.ArtistUnicode);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", meta.AudioFile);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Gamu", meta.Author.Username);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", meta.BackgroundFile);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(164471, meta.PreviewTime);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(string.Empty, meta.Source);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", meta.Tags);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.Title);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.TitleUnicode);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -51,14 +50,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
        {
            var beatmap = decodeAsJson(normal);
            var beatmapInfo = beatmap.BeatmapInfo;
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.AudioLeadIn);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0.7f, beatmap.StackLeniency);
-            Assert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.SpecialStyle);
-            Assert.IsTrue(beatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0);
-            Assert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.LetterboxInBreaks);
-            Assert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.WidescreenStoryboard);
-            Assert.AreEqual(CountdownType.None, beatmap.Countdown);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.CountdownOffset);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.AudioLeadIn);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0.7f, beatmap.StackLeniency);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.SpecialStyle);
+            ClassicAssert.True(beatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.LetterboxInBreaks);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(false, beatmap.WidescreenStoryboard);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(CountdownType.None, beatmap.Countdown);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, beatmap.CountdownOffset);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -73,13 +72,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                95901, 106450, 116999, 119637, 130186, 140735, 151285,
                161834, 164471, 175020, 185570, 196119, 206669, 209306
            };
-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks.Length, beatmap.Bookmarks.Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks.Length, beatmap.Bookmarks.Length);
            for (int i = 0; i < expectedBookmarks.Length; i++)
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks[i], beatmap.Bookmarks[i]);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1.8, beatmap.DistanceSpacing);
-            Assert.AreEqual(4, beatmapInfo.BeatDivisor);
-            Assert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.GridSize);
-            Assert.AreEqual(2, beatmap.TimelineZoom);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedBookmarks[i], beatmap.Bookmarks[i]);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.8, beatmap.DistanceSpacing);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, beatmapInfo.BeatDivisor);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, beatmap.GridSize);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, beatmap.TimelineZoom);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -87,12 +86,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
        {
            var beatmap = decodeAsJson(normal);
            var difficulty = beatmap.Difficulty;
-            Assert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
-            Assert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);
-            Assert.AreEqual(8, difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
-            Assert.AreEqual(9, difficulty.ApproachRate);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1.8, difficulty.SliderMultiplier);
-            Assert.AreEqual(2, difficulty.SliderTickRate);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, difficulty.ApproachRate);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1.8, difficulty.SliderMultiplier);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, difficulty.SliderTickRate);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -112,19 +111,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            var curveData = beatmap.HitObjects[0] as IHasPathWithRepeats;
            var positionData = beatmap.HitObjects[0] as IHasPosition;

-            Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-            Assert.IsNotNull(curveData);
-            Assert.AreEqual(90, curveData.Path.Distance);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData.Position);
-            Assert.AreEqual(956, beatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime);
-            Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.HitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));
+            Assert.That(positionData, Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(curveData, Is.Not.Null);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(90, curveData.Path.Distance);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData.Position);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, beatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime);
+            ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.HitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));

            positionData = beatmap.HitObjects[1] as IHasPosition;

-            Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData.Position);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1285, beatmap.HitObjects[1].StartTime);
-            Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.HitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
+            Assert.That(positionData, Is.Not.Null);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData.Position);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1285, beatmap.HitObjects[1].StartTime);
+            ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.HitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -135,35 +134,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
            var curveData = beatmap.HitObjects[0] as IHasPathWithRepeats;
            var positionData = beatmap.HitObjects[0] as IHasPosition;

-            Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-            Assert.IsNotNull(curveData);
-            Assert.AreEqual(90, curveData.Path.Distance);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData.Position);
-            Assert.AreEqual(956, beatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime);
-            Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.HitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));
+            Assert.That(positionData, Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(curveData, Is.Not.Null);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(90, curveData.Path.Distance);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(192, 168), positionData.Position);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(956, beatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime);
+            ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.HitObjects[0].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL));

            positionData = beatmap.HitObjects[1] as IHasPosition;

-            Assert.IsNotNull(positionData);
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData.Position);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1285, beatmap.HitObjects[1].StartTime);
-            Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.HitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
+            Assert.That(positionData, Is.Not.Null);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new Vector2(304, 56), positionData.Position);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1285, beatmap.HitObjects[1].StartTime);
+            ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.HitObjects[1].Samples.Any(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_CLAP));
        }

-        [TestCase(normal)]
-        [TestCase(marathon)]
-        [Ignore("temporarily disabled pending DeepEqual fix (https://github.com/jamesfoster/DeepEqual/pull/35)")]
-        // Currently fails:
-        // [TestCase(with_sb)]
-        public void TestParity(string beatmap)
-        {
-            var legacy = decode(beatmap, out Beatmap json);
-            json.WithDeepEqual(legacy)
-                .IgnoreProperty(r => r.DeclaringType == typeof(HitWindows)
-                                     // Todo: CustomSampleBank shouldn't exist going forward, we need a conversion mechanism
-                                     || r.Name == nameof(LegacyDecoder<Beatmap>.LegacySampleControlPoint.CustomSampleBank))
-                .Assert();
-        }
+        // [TestCase(normal)]
+        // [TestCase(marathon)]
+        // [Ignore("temporarily disabled pending DeepEqual fix (https://github.com/jamesfoster/DeepEqual/pull/35)")]
+        // // Currently fails:
+        // // [TestCase(with_sb)]
+        // public void TestParity(string beatmap)
+        // {
+        //     var legacy = decode(beatmap, out Beatmap json);
+        //     json.WithDeepEqual(legacy)
+        //         .IgnoreProperty(r => r.DeclaringType == typeof(HitWindows)
+        //                              // Todo: CustomSampleBank shouldn't exist going forward, we need a conversion mechanism
+        //                              || r.Name == nameof(LegacyDecoder<Beatmap>.LegacySampleControlPoint.CustomSampleBank))
+        //         .Assert();
+        // }

        [Test]
        public void TestGetJsonDecoder()
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                }
            }

-            Assert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(JsonBeatmapDecoder), decoder);
+            ClassicAssert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(JsonBeatmapDecoder), decoder);
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Globalization;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;

 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
@@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
        [TestCase(-10, 10)]
        public void TestValidRanges(double input, double limit = Parsing.MAX_PARSE_VALUE)
        {
-            Assert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseInt((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), (int)limit), (int)input);
-            Assert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseFloat((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), (float)limit), (float)input);
-            Assert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseDouble((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), limit), input);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseInt((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), (int)limit), (int)input);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseFloat((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), (float)limit), (float)input);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(Parsing.ParseDouble((input).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), limit), input);
        }

        [TestCase(double.PositiveInfinity)]
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Database;
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            // TODO: add back some extra checks outside of the realm ones?
            // var set = queryBeatmapSets().First();
            // foreach (BeatmapInfo b in set.Beatmaps)
-            //     Assert.IsTrue(set.Beatmaps.Any(c => c.OnlineID == b.OnlineID));
-            // Assert.IsTrue(set.Beatmaps.Count > 0);
+            //     ClassicAssert.True(set.Beatmaps.Any(c => c.OnlineID == b.OnlineID));
+            // ClassicAssert.True(set.Beatmaps.Count > 0);
            // var beatmap = store.GetWorkingBeatmap(set.Beatmaps.First(b => b.RulesetID == 0))?.Beatmap;
-            // Assert.IsTrue(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
+            // ClassicAssert.True(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
            // beatmap = store.GetWorkingBeatmap(set.Beatmaps.First(b => b.RulesetID == 1))?.Beatmap;
-            // Assert.IsTrue(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
+            // ClassicAssert.True(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
            // beatmap = store.GetWorkingBeatmap(set.Beatmaps.First(b => b.RulesetID == 2))?.Beatmap;
-            // Assert.IsTrue(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
+            // ClassicAssert.True(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
            // beatmap = store.GetWorkingBeatmap(set.Beatmaps.First(b => b.RulesetID == 3))?.Beatmap;
-            // Assert.IsTrue(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
+            // ClassicAssert.True(beatmap?.HitObjects.Any() == true);
        }

        private static void waitForOrAssert(Func<bool> result, string failureMessage, int timeout = 60000)
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                while (!result()) Thread.Sleep(200);
            });

-            Assert.IsTrue(task.Wait(timeout), failureMessage);
+            ClassicAssert.True(task.Wait(timeout), failureMessage);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Text;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.IO;

 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 1", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 2", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 3", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 1", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 2", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 3", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
            }
        }

@@ -35,11 +36,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 1", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 3", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 1", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 3", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
            }
        }

@@ -51,14 +52,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this once", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this once", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("line 2", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this once", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this once", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("line 2", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("peek this a lot", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
            }
        }

@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual("first line", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("second line", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("first line", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("second line", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
            }
        }

@@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.IsNull(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.Null(bufferedReader.PeekLine());
            }
        }

@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual(contents, bufferedReader.ReadToEnd());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(contents, bufferedReader.ReadToEnd());
            }
        }

@@ -111,14 +112,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents)))
            using (var bufferedReader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
            {
-                Assert.AreEqual("this line is gone", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
-                Assert.AreEqual("this one shouldn't be", bufferedReader.PeekLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("this line is gone", bufferedReader.ReadLine());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("this one shouldn't be", bufferedReader.PeekLine());

                string[] endingLines = bufferedReader.ReadToEnd().Split(new[] { '\r', '\n' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
-                Assert.AreEqual(3, endingLines.Length);
-                Assert.AreEqual("this one shouldn't be", endingLines[0]);
-                Assert.AreEqual("these ones", endingLines[1]);
-                Assert.AreEqual("definitely not", endingLines[2]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, endingLines.Length);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("this one shouldn't be", endingLines[0]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("these ones", endingLines[1]);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("definitely not", endingLines[2]);
            }
        }
    }
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                };
                string[] maps = reader.Filenames.ToArray();
                foreach (string map in expected)
-                    Assert.Contains(map, maps);
+                    ClassicAssert.Contains(map, maps);
            }
        }

@@ -56,17 +57,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO

                var meta = beatmap.Metadata;

-                Assert.AreEqual(241526, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.Artist);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.ArtistUnicode);
-                Assert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", meta.AudioFile);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Deif", meta.Author.Username);
-                Assert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", meta.BackgroundFile);
-                Assert.AreEqual(164471, meta.PreviewTime);
-                Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, meta.Source);
-                Assert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", meta.Tags);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.Title);
-                Assert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.TitleUnicode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(241526, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineID);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.Artist);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Soleily", meta.ArtistUnicode);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("03. Renatus - Soleily 192kbps.mp3", meta.AudioFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Deif", meta.Author.Username);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("machinetop_background.jpg", meta.BackgroundFile);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(164471, meta.PreviewTime);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(string.Empty, meta.Source);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("MBC7 Unisphere 地球ヤバイEP Chikyu Yabai", meta.Tags);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.Title);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Renatus", meta.TitleUnicode);
            }
        }

@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO

                using (var stream = new StreamReader(reader.GetStream("Soleily - Renatus (Deif) [Platter].osu")))
                {
-                    Assert.AreEqual("osu file format v13", stream.ReadLine()?.Trim());
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual("osu file format v13", stream.ReadLine()?.Trim());
                }
            }
        }
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps
        {
            var actualBracket = StarDifficulty.GetDifficultyRating(starRating);

-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedBracket, actualBracket);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedBracket, actualBracket);
        }

        private partial class TestBeatmapDifficultyCache : BeatmapDifficultyCache
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps

            working.ResetEvent.Set();

-            Assert.NotNull(working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo));
+            ClassicAssert.NotNull(working.GetPlayableBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -48,11 +49,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps
                loadCompleted.Set();
            }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);

-            Assert.IsTrue(loadStarted.Wait(10000));
+            ClassicAssert.True(loadStarted.Wait(10000));

            cts.Cancel();

-            Assert.IsTrue(loadCompleted.Wait(10000));
+            ClassicAssert.True(loadCompleted.Wait(10000));

            working.ResetEvent.Set();
        }
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable

 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Online.Chat;

 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
@@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a gopher://really-old-protocol we don't support." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, result.Links.Count);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a osunotarealprotocol://completely-made-up-protocol we don't support." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, result.Links.Count);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "forgotspacehttps://dev.ppy.sh joinmyosump://12345 jointheosu://chan/#english" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual("osump://12345", result.Links[1].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual("osu://chan/#english", result.Links[2].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("osump://12345", result.Links[1].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("osu://chan/#english", result.Links[2].Url);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -59,11 +60,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a http://www.basic-link.com/?test=test." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("http://www.basic-link.com/?test=test", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("http://www.basic-link.com/?test=test", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [TestCase(LinkAction.OpenBeatmap, "456", "https://dev.ppy.sh/beatmapsets/123#osu/456")]
@@ -79,12 +80,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = link });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedAction, result.Links[0].Action);
-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedArg, result.Links[0].Argument);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedAction, result.Links[0].Action);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedArg, result.Links[0].Argument);
            if (expectedAction == LinkAction.External)
-                Assert.AreEqual(link, result.Links[0].Url);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(link, result.Links[0].Url);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -95,20 +96,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
                Content = "This is a http://test.io/link#fragment. (see https://twitter.com). Also, This string should not be altered. http://example.com/"
            });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(3, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, result.Links.Count);

-            Assert.AreEqual("http://test.io/link#fragment", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(28, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("http://test.io/link#fragment", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(28, result.Links[0].Length);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://twitter.com", result.Links[1].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(45, result.Links[1].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[1].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://twitter.com", result.Links[1].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(45, result.Links[1].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[1].Length);

-            Assert.AreEqual("http://example.com/", result.Links[2].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(108, result.Links[2].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[2].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("http://example.com/", result.Links[2].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(108, result.Links[2].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[2].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -116,10 +117,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "https://twitter.com/#!/hashbanglinks" });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -127,10 +128,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(50, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(50, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -138,9 +139,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "look: http://puu.sh/7Ggh8xcC6/asf0asd9876.NEF" });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(6, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(39, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(6, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(39, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -148,11 +149,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [[Wiki Link]]." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a Wiki Link.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki Link", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a Wiki Link.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki Link", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -160,20 +161,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [[Wiki Link]] [[Wiki:Link]][[Wiki.Link]]." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a Wiki Link Wiki:LinkWiki.Link.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(3, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a Wiki Link Wiki:LinkWiki.Link.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(3, result.Links.Count);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki Link", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki Link", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[0].Length);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki:Link", result.Links[1].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(20, result.Links[1].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[1].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki:Link", result.Links[1].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(20, result.Links[1].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[1].Length);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki.Link", result.Links[2].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[2].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[2].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/Wiki.Link", result.Links[2].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[2].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(9, result.Links[2].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -181,11 +182,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a (simple test)[https://osu.ppy.sh] of links." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a simple test of links.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a simple test of links.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -193,11 +194,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a (tricky (one))[https://osu.ppy.sh]!" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a tricky (one)!", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(12, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a tricky (one)!", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(12, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -205,22 +206,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is (another loose bracket \\))[https://osu.ppy.sh]." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is another loose bracket ).", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(8, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(23, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is another loose bracket ).", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(23, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestOldFormatWithBackslashes()
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This link (should end with a backslash \\)[https://osu.ppy.sh]." });
-            Assert.AreEqual("This link should end with a backslash \\.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This link should end with a backslash \\.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -228,11 +229,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a (\\)super\\(\\( tricky (one))[https://osu.ppy.sh]!" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a )super(( tricky (one)!", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a )super(( tricky (one)!", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -240,11 +241,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [https://osu.ppy.sh simple test]." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a simple test.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a simple test.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -252,11 +253,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [https://osu.ppy.sh nasty link with escaped brackets: \\] and \\[]" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a nasty link with escaped brackets: ] and [", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(41, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a nasty link with escaped brackets: ] and [", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(41, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -264,11 +265,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [https://osu.ppy.sh link \\ with \\ backslashes \\]" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a link \\ with \\ backslashes \\", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(27, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a link \\ with \\ backslashes \\", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(27, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -276,11 +277,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [https://osu.ppy.sh [link [with \\] too many brackets \\[ ]]]" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a [link [with ] too many brackets [ ]]", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a [link [with ] too many brackets [ ]]", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -288,11 +289,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [simple test](https://osu.ppy.sh)." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a simple test.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a simple test.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(11, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -300,11 +301,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [tricky [one]](https://osu.ppy.sh)!" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a tricky [one]!", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(12, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a tricky [one]!", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(12, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -312,22 +313,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is [another loose bracket \\]](https://osu.ppy.sh)." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is another loose bracket ].", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(8, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(23, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is another loose bracket ].", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(8, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(23, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestMarkdownFormatWithBackslashes()
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This link [should end with a backslash \\](https://osu.ppy.sh)." });
-            Assert.AreEqual("This link should end with a backslash \\.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This link should end with a backslash \\.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(29, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -335,11 +336,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [\\]super\\[\\[ tricky [one]](https://osu.ppy.sh)!" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a ]super[[ tricky [one]!", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a ]super[[ tricky [one]!", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -347,11 +348,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "I haven't seen [this link format](https://osu.ppy.sh \"osu!\") before..." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("I haven't seen this link format before...", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(16, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("I haven't seen this link format before...", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(16, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -359,11 +360,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "I haven't seen [this link format](https://osu.ppy.sh \"inner quote \\\" just to confuse \") before..." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("I haven't seen this link format before...", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(16, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("I haven't seen this link format before...", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(16, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -371,11 +372,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "I haven't seen [https://osu.ppy.sh](https://osu.ppy.sh \"https://osu.ppy.sh\") before..." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("I haven't seen https://osu.ppy.sh before...", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("I haven't seen https://osu.ppy.sh before...", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -383,11 +384,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "I haven't seen [oh no, text here! https://osu.ppy.sh](https://osu.ppy.sh) before..." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("I haven't seen oh no, text here! https://osu.ppy.sh before...", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("I haven't seen oh no, text here! https://osu.ppy.sh before...", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(36, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -395,11 +396,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "I haven't seen [https://google.com](https://osu.ppy.sh) before..." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("I haven't seen https://google.com before...", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("I haven't seen https://google.com before...", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -407,11 +408,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "super broken https://[osu.ppy](https://reddit.com).sh/" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("super broken https://osu.ppy.sh/", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://reddit.com", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(7, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("super broken https://osu.ppy.sh/", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://reddit.com", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(21, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(7, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -420,16 +421,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
            // the raw link has a port at the end of it, so that the raw link regex terminates at the port and doesn't consume display text from the formatted one
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "https://localhost:8080[https://osu.ppy.sh](https://osu.ppy.sh) should be two links" });

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://localhost:8080https://osu.ppy.sh should be two links", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://localhost:8080https://osu.ppy.sh should be two links", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, result.Links.Count);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://localhost:8080", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(22, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://localhost:8080", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(22, result.Links[0].Length);

-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[1].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(22, result.Links[1].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[1].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[1].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(22, result.Links[1].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(18, result.Links[1].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -437,10 +438,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is an #english and #japanese." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#japanese", result.Links[1].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#japanese", result.Links[1].Url);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -448,20 +449,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = $"This is a custom protocol {OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(26, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(26, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(19, result.Links[0].Length);

            result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = $"This is a [custom protocol]({OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english)." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a custom protocol.", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual("#english", result.Links[0].Argument);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a custom protocol.", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual($"{OsuGameBase.OSU_PROTOCOL}chan/#english", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("#english", result.Links[0].Argument);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -469,11 +470,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "Join my multiplayer game osump://12346." });

-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("osump://12346", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(25, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(13, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Content, result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("osump://12346", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(25, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(13, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -481,11 +482,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "This is a [https://osu.ppy.sh [[simple test]]]." });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a [[simple test]].", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a [[simple test]].", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://osu.ppy.sh", result.Links[0].Url);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, result.Links[0].Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(15, result.Links[0].Length);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -496,44 +497,44 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
                Content = "This is a [http://www.simple-test.com simple test] with some [traps] and [[wiki links]]. Don't forget to visit https://osu.ppy.sh (now!)[http://google.com]\uD83D\uDE12"
            });

-            Assert.AreEqual("This is a simple test with some [traps] and wiki links. Don't forget to visit https://osu.ppy.sh now![emoji]", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(4, result.Links.Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("This is a simple test with some [traps] and wiki links. Don't forget to visit https://osu.ppy.sh now![emoji]", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, result.Links.Count);

            Link f = result.Links.Find(l => l.Url == "https://dev.ppy.sh/wiki/wiki links");
            Assert.That(f, Is.Not.Null);
-            Assert.AreEqual(44, f.Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, f.Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(44, f.Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, f.Length);

            f = result.Links.Find(l => l.Url == "http://www.simple-test.com");
            Assert.That(f, Is.Not.Null);
-            Assert.AreEqual(10, f.Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(11, f.Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(10, f.Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(11, f.Length);

            f = result.Links.Find(l => l.Url == "http://google.com");
            Assert.That(f, Is.Not.Null);
-            Assert.AreEqual(97, f.Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(4, f.Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(97, f.Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, f.Length);

            f = result.Links.Find(l => l.Url == "https://osu.ppy.sh");
            Assert.That(f, Is.Not.Null);
-            Assert.AreEqual(78, f.Index);
-            Assert.AreEqual(18, f.Length);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(78, f.Index);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(18, f.Length);
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestEmoji()
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "Hello world\uD83D\uDE12<--This is an emoji,There are more emojis among us:\uD83D\uDE10\uD83D\uDE00,\uD83D\uDE20" });
-            Assert.AreEqual("Hello world[emoji]<--This is an emoji,There are more emojis among us:[emoji][emoji],[emoji]", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Links.Count, 0);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("Hello world[emoji]<--This is an emoji,There are more emojis among us:[emoji][emoji],[emoji]", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Links.Count, 0);
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestEmojiWithSuccessiveParens()
        {
            Message result = MessageFormatter.FormatMessage(new Message { Content = "\uD83D\uDE10(let's hope this doesn't accidentally turn into a link)" });
-            Assert.AreEqual("[emoji](let's hope this doesn't accidentally turn into a link)", result.DisplayContent);
-            Assert.AreEqual(result.Links.Count, 0);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("[emoji](let's hope this doesn't accidentally turn into a link)", result.DisplayContent);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(result.Links.Count, 0);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -541,8 +542,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            LinkDetails result = MessageFormatter.GetLinkDetails("https://google.com");

-            Assert.AreEqual(LinkAction.External, result.Action);
-            Assert.AreEqual("https://google.com", result.Argument);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(LinkAction.External, result.Action);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("https://google.com", result.Argument);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -550,8 +551,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            LinkDetails result = MessageFormatter.GetLinkDetails("/relative");

-            Assert.AreEqual(LinkAction.External, result.Action);
-            Assert.AreEqual("/relative", result.Argument);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(LinkAction.External, result.Action);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual("/relative", result.Argument);
        }

        [TestCase("https://dev.ppy.sh/home/changelog", "")]
@@ -560,8 +561,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
        {
            LinkDetails result = MessageFormatter.GetLinkDetails(link);

-            Assert.AreEqual(LinkAction.OpenChangelog, result.Action);
-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedArg, result.Argument);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(LinkAction.OpenChangelog, result.Action);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expectedArg, result.Argument);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                {
                    var beatmapSet = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(TestResources.GetTestBeatmapStream(), "renatus.osz"));

-                    Assert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
                    Debug.Assert(beatmapSet != null);

                    BeatmapSetInfo? detachedBeatmapSet = null;
@@ -52,23 +53,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                        detachedBeatmapSet = live.Detach();

                        // files are omitted
-                        Assert.AreEqual(0, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);

-                        Assert.AreEqual(live.Beatmaps.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
-                        Assert.AreEqual(live.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
-                        Assert.AreEqual(live.Metadata, detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(live.Beatmaps.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(live.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(live.Metadata, detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);
                    });

                    Debug.Assert(detachedBeatmapSet != null);

                    // Check detached instances can all be accessed without throwing.
-                    Assert.AreEqual(0, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);
-                    Assert.NotNull(detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
-                    Assert.NotZero(detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
-                    Assert.NotNull(detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotZero(detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);

                    // Check cyclic reference to beatmap set
-                    Assert.AreEqual(detachedBeatmapSet, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.First().BeatmapSet);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(detachedBeatmapSet, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.First().BeatmapSet);
                }
            });
        }
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                {
                    var beatmapSet = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(TestResources.GetTestBeatmapStream(), "renatus.osz"));

-                    Assert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
                    Debug.Assert(beatmapSet != null);

                    // Detach at the BeatmapInfo point, similar to what GetWorkingBeatmap does.
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Artist = "New Artist";
                    detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Author = newUser;

-                    Assert.AreNotEqual(detachedBeatmapSet.Status, BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreNotEqual(detachedBeatmapSet.Status, BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked);
                    detachedBeatmapSet.Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked;

                    beatmapSet.PerformWrite(detachedBeatmapSet.CopyChangesToRealm);
@@ -109,17 +110,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    beatmapSet.PerformRead(s =>
                    {
                        // Check above changes explicitly.
-                        Assert.AreEqual(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked, s.Status);
-                        Assert.AreEqual("New Artist", s.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Artist);
-                        Assert.AreEqual(newUser, s.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Author);
-                        Assert.NotZero(s.Files.Count);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked, s.Status);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual("New Artist", s.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Artist);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(newUser, s.Beatmaps.First().Metadata.Author);
+                        ClassicAssert.NotZero(s.Files.Count);

                        // Check nothing was lost in the copy operation.
-                        Assert.AreEqual(s.Files.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);
-                        Assert.AreEqual(s.Files.Select(f => f.File).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Select(f => f.File).Count());
-                        Assert.AreEqual(s.Beatmaps.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
-                        Assert.AreEqual(s.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
-                        Assert.AreEqual(s.Metadata, detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(s.Files.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Count);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(s.Files.Select(f => f.File).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Files.Select(f => f.File).Count());
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(s.Beatmaps.Count, detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Count);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(s.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count(), detachedBeatmapSet.Beatmaps.Select(f => f.Difficulty).Count());
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(s.Metadata, detachedBeatmapSet.Metadata);
                    });
                }
            });
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    {
                        var beatmapSet = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(TestResources.GetTestBeatmapStream(), "renatus.osz"));

-                        Assert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
+                        ClassicAssert.NotNull(beatmapSet);
                        Debug.Assert(beatmapSet != null);

                        // Intentionally detach on async thread as to not trigger a refresh on the main thread.
@@ -167,20 +168,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    var imported = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(TestResources.GetTestBeatmapStream(), "renatus.osz"));
                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.AreEqual(1, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count());
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count());

-                    Assert.NotNull(imported);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(imported);
                    Debug.Assert(imported != null);

                    imported.PerformWrite(s => s.DeletePending = true);

-                    Assert.AreEqual(1, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count(s => s.DeletePending));
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count(s => s.DeletePending));
                }
            });

            Logger.Log("Running with no work to purge pending deletions");

-            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) => { Assert.AreEqual(0, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count()); });
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) => { ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count()); });
        }

        [Test]
@@ -208,8 +209,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var beatmap = imported.Beatmaps.First();
                var file = beatmap.File;

-                Assert.NotNull(file);
-                Assert.AreEqual(beatmap.Hash, file!.File.Hash);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(file);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(beatmap.Hash, file!.File.Hash);
            });
        }

@@ -245,10 +246,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);
                }

-                Assert.NotNull(importedSet);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSet);
                Debug.Assert(importedSet != null);

-                Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(tempPath), "Stream source file somehow went missing");
+                ClassicAssert.True(File.Exists(tempPath), "Stream source file somehow went missing");
                File.Delete(tempPath);

                var imported = realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.ID);
@@ -269,8 +270,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is actually just the restored previous import. since it matches hash.
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);

                checkBeatmapSetCount(realm.Realm, 1);
                checkSingleReferencedFileCount(realm.Realm, 18);
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    foreach (var file in new DirectoryInfo(extractedFolder).GetFiles("*.osu"))
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    }

                    var imported = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(extractedFolder));
-                    Assert.IsNull(imported);
+                    ClassicAssert.Null(imported);
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -333,28 +334,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    string hashBefore = hashFile(temp);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
                    }

                    // zip files differ because different compression or encoder.
-                    Assert.AreNotEqual(hashBefore, hashFile(temp));
+                    ClassicAssert.AreNotEqual(hashBefore, hashFile(temp));

                    var importedSecondTime = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(temp));

                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
                    Debug.Assert(importedSecondTime != null);

                    // but contents doesn't, so existing should still be used.
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    await createScoreForBeatmap(realm.Realm, imported.Beatmaps.First());

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    // arbitrary write to hashed file
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    using (var sw = new FileInfo(Directory.GetFiles(extractedFolder, "*.osu").First()).AppendText())
                        await sw.WriteLineAsync("// changed");

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -401,11 +402,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

                    // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                    Assert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
                    Debug.Assert(importedSecondTime != null);

-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                Assert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
                Debug.Assert(importedSecondTime != null);
                Assert.That(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);

@@ -533,14 +534,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                {
                    var imported = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    // arbitrary write to non-hashed file
                    using (var sw = new FileInfo(Directory.GetFiles(extractedFolder, "*.mp3").First()).AppendText())
                        await sw.WriteLineAsync("text");

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -550,12 +551,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
                    Debug.Assert(importedSecondTime != null);

                    // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -581,14 +582,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                {
                    var imported = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    // change filename
                    var firstFile = new FileInfo(Directory.GetFiles(extractedFolder).First());
                    firstFile.MoveTo(Path.Combine(firstFile.DirectoryName.AsNonNull(), $"{firstFile.Name}-changed{firstFile.Extension}"));

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -598,12 +599,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSecondTime);
                    Debug.Assert(importedSecondTime != null);

                    // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                    Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
+                    ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps.First().ID));
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -636,11 +637,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

                using (var stream = fileStorage.GetStream(firstFile.File.GetStoragePath()))
-                    Assert.AreEqual(stream.Length, originalLength, "Corruption was not fixed on second import");
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(stream.Length, originalLength, "Corruption was not fixed on second import");

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is actually just the restored previous import. since it matches hash.
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);

                checkBeatmapSetCount(realm.Realm, 1);
                checkSingleReferencedFileCount(realm.Realm, 18);
@@ -659,7 +660,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                var zipStream = new MemoryStream();

-                using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    zip.SaveTo(zipStream, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));

                var imported = await importer.Import(
@@ -672,8 +673,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                checkBeatmapSetCount(realm.Realm, 0);
                checkBeatmapCount(realm.Realm, 0);

-                Assert.IsEmpty(imported);
-                Assert.AreEqual(ProgressNotificationState.Cancelled, progressNotification.State);
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(imported);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ProgressNotificationState.Cancelled, progressNotification.State);
            });
        }

@@ -709,7 +710,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                File.Delete(brokenTempFilename);

                using (var outStream = File.Open(brokenTempFilename, FileMode.CreateNew))
-                using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(brokenOsz))
+                using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(brokenOsz))
                {
                    foreach (var entry in zip.Entries.ToArray())
                    {
@@ -737,7 +738,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                checkSingleReferencedFileCount(realm.Realm, 18);

-                Assert.AreEqual(0, loggedExceptionCount);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, loggedExceptionCount);

                File.Delete(brokenTempFilename);
            });
@@ -755,17 +756,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                deleteBeatmapSet(imported, realm.Realm);

-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.DeletePending);

                var originalAddedDate = imported.DateAdded;

                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is actually just the restored previous import. since it matches hash.
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
-                Assert.IsFalse(imported.DeletePending);
-                Assert.IsFalse(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.False(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.False(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);
                Assert.That(importedSecondTime.DateAdded, Is.GreaterThan(originalAddedDate));
            });
        }
@@ -787,13 +788,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(pathOriginal))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(pathOriginal))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    // remove one difficulty before first import
                    new FileInfo(Directory.GetFiles(extractedFolder, "*.osu").First()).Delete();

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(pathMissingOneBeatmap, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -841,7 +842,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                deleteBeatmapSet(imported, realmFactory.Realm);

-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.DeletePending);

                // intentionally nuke all files
                storage.DeleteDirectory("files");
@@ -851,10 +852,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realmFactory.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is actually just the restored previous import. since it matches hash.
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
-                Assert.IsFalse(imported.DeletePending);
-                Assert.IsFalse(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.False(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.False(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);

                // check that the files now exist, even though they were deleted above.
                Assert.That(importedSecondTime.Files.All(f => storage.GetStorageForDirectory("files").Exists(f.File.GetStoragePath())));
@@ -873,17 +874,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                deleteBeatmapSet(imported, realm.Realm);

-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.DeletePending);

                var originalAddedDate = imported.DateAdded;

                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap is actually just the restored previous import. since it matches hash.
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
-                Assert.IsFalse(imported.DeletePending);
-                Assert.IsFalse(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.False(imported.DeletePending);
+                ClassicAssert.False(importedSecondTime.DeletePending);
                Assert.That(importedSecondTime.DateAdded, Is.GreaterThan(originalAddedDate));
            });
        }
@@ -909,8 +910,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var importedSecondTime = await LoadOszIntoStore(importer, realm.Realm);

                // check the newly "imported" beatmap has been reimported due to mismatch (even though hashes matched)
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
+                ClassicAssert.True(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
            });
        }

@@ -954,11 +955,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());

-                Assert.NotNull(imported);
+                ClassicAssert.NotNull(imported);
                Debug.Assert(imported != null);

-                Assert.AreEqual(-1, imported.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps[0].OnlineID));
-                Assert.AreEqual(-1, imported.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps[1].OnlineID));
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(-1, imported.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps[0].OnlineID));
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(-1, imported.PerformRead(s => s.Beatmaps[1].OnlineID));
            });
        }

@@ -975,7 +976,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    await importer.Import(temp);
                EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);
                File.Delete(temp);
-                Assert.IsFalse(File.Exists(temp), "We likely held a read lock on the file when we shouldn't");
+                ClassicAssert.False(File.Exists(temp), "We likely held a read lock on the file when we shouldn't");
            });
        }

@@ -994,10 +995,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.AddEntry("duplicate.osu", Directory.GetFiles(extractedFolder, "*.osu").First());
@@ -1030,7 +1031,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

                    var subdirectory = Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(extractedFolder, "subdir"));
@@ -1041,7 +1042,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    using (var textWriter = new StreamWriter(stream))
                        await textWriter.WriteLineAsync("# adding a comment so that the hashes are different");

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -1075,10 +1076,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(subfolder);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -1086,12 +1087,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    var imported = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(temp));

-                    Assert.NotNull(imported);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(imported);
                    Debug.Assert(imported != null);

                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.IsFalse(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("subfolder"))), "Files contain common subfolder");
+                    ClassicAssert.False(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("subfolder"))), "Files contain common subfolder");
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -1125,10 +1126,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                try
                {
-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(temp))
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(temp))
                        zip.WriteToDirectory(dataFolder);

-                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+                    using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
                    {
                        zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                        zip.SaveTo(temp, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -1136,13 +1137,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    var imported = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(temp));

-                    Assert.NotNull(imported);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(imported);
                    Debug.Assert(imported != null);

                    EnsureLoaded(realm.Realm);

-                    Assert.IsFalse(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("__MACOSX"))), "Files contain resource fork folder, which should be ignored");
-                    Assert.IsFalse(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("actual_data"))), "Files contain common subfolder");
+                    ClassicAssert.False(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("__MACOSX"))), "Files contain resource fork folder, which should be ignored");
+                    ClassicAssert.False(imported.PerformRead(s => s.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("actual_data"))), "Files contain common subfolder");
                }
                finally
                {
@@ -1182,7 +1183,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

            var importedSet = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(temp));

-            Assert.NotNull(importedSet);
+            ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSet);

            EnsureLoaded(realm);

@@ -1197,7 +1198,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

            var importedSet = await importer.Import(new ImportTask(temp), new ImportParameters { Batch = batchImport });

-            Assert.NotNull(importedSet);
+            ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSet);
            Debug.Assert(importedSet != null);

            EnsureLoaded(realm);
@@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            checkBeatmapSetCount(realm, 0);
            checkBeatmapSetCount(realm, 1, true);

-            Assert.IsTrue(realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First(_ => true).DeletePending);
+            ClassicAssert.True(realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First(_ => true).DeletePending);
        }

        private static Task createScoreForBeatmap(Realm realm, BeatmapInfo beatmap) =>
@@ -1230,7 +1231,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

        private static void checkBeatmapSetCount(Realm realm, int expected, bool includeDeletePending = false)
        {
-            Assert.AreEqual(expected, includeDeletePending
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expected, includeDeletePending
                ? realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count()
                : realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Count(s => !s.DeletePending));
        }
@@ -1243,7 +1244,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

        private static void checkBeatmapCount(Realm realm, int expected)
        {
-            Assert.AreEqual(expected, realm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Where(_ => true).ToList().Count);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expected, realm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Where(_ => true).ToList().Count);
        }

        private static void checkSingleReferencedFileCount(Realm realm, int expected)
@@ -1256,7 +1257,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    singleReferencedCount++;
            }

-            Assert.AreEqual(expected, singleReferencedCount);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(expected, singleReferencedCount);
        }

        internal static void EnsureLoaded(Realm realm, int timeout = 60000)
@@ -1270,7 +1271,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            }, @"BeatmapSet did not import to the database in allocated time.", timeout);

            // ensure we were stored to beatmap database backing...
-            Assert.IsTrue(resultSets?.Count() == 1, $@"Incorrect result count found ({resultSets?.Count()} but should be 1).");
+            ClassicAssert.True(resultSets?.Count() == 1, $@"Incorrect result count found ({resultSets?.Count()} but should be 1).");

            IEnumerable<BeatmapSetInfo> queryBeatmapSets() => realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Where(s => !s.DeletePending && s.OnlineID == 241526);

@@ -1279,20 +1280,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            // ReSharper disable once PossibleUnintendedReferenceComparison
            IEnumerable<BeatmapInfo> queryBeatmaps() => realm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Where(s => s.BeatmapSet != null && s.BeatmapSet == set);

-            Assert.AreEqual(12, queryBeatmaps().Count(), @"Beatmap count was not correct");
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, queryBeatmapSets().Count(), @"Beatmapset count was not correct");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(12, queryBeatmaps().Count(), @"Beatmap count was not correct");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, queryBeatmapSets().Count(), @"Beatmapset count was not correct");

            int countBeatmapSetBeatmaps;
            int countBeatmaps;

-            Assert.AreEqual(
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(
                countBeatmapSetBeatmaps = queryBeatmapSets().First().Beatmaps.Count,
                countBeatmaps = queryBeatmaps().Count(),
                $@"Incorrect database beatmap count post-import ({countBeatmaps} but should be {countBeatmapSetBeatmaps}).");

            foreach (BeatmapInfo b in set.Beatmaps)
-                Assert.IsTrue(set.Beatmaps.Any(c => c.OnlineID == b.OnlineID));
-            Assert.IsTrue(set.Beatmaps.Count > 0);
+                ClassicAssert.True(set.Beatmaps.Any(c => c.OnlineID == b.OnlineID));
+            ClassicAssert.True(set.Beatmaps.Count > 0);
        }

        private static void waitForOrAssert(Func<bool> result, string failureMessage, int timeout = 60000)
@@ -680,14 +680,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            string extractedFolder = $"{path}_extracted";
            Directory.CreateDirectory(extractedFolder);

-            using (var zip = ZipArchive.Open(path))
+            using (var zip = ZipArchive.OpenArchive(path))
                zip.WriteToDirectory(extractedFolder);

            applyModifications(new DirectoryInfo(extractedFolder));

            File.Delete(path);

-            using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
+            using (var zip = ZipArchive.CreateArchive())
            {
                zip.AddAllFromDirectory(extractedFolder);
                zip.SaveTo(path, new ZipWriterOptions(CompressionType.Deflate));
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Extensions;
@@ -26,8 +27,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));

-                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists("0/05/054edec1d0211f624fed0cbca9d4f9400b0e491c43742af2c5b0abebf0c990d8"));
-                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(realm.All<RealmFile>().First().GetStoragePath()));
+                ClassicAssert.True(files.Storage.Exists("0/05/054edec1d0211f624fed0cbca9d4f9400b0e491c43742af2c5b0abebf0c990d8"));
+                ClassicAssert.True(files.Storage.Exists(realm.All<RealmFile>().First().GetStoragePath()));
            });
        }

@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));
                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));

-                Assert.AreEqual(1, realm.All<RealmFile>().Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, realm.All<RealmFile>().Count());
            });
        }

@@ -75,15 +76,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                string path = file.GetStoragePath();

-                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
-                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+                ClassicAssert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                ClassicAssert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));

                files.Cleanup();
                Logger.Log($"Cleanup complete at {timer.ElapsedMilliseconds}");

-                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
-                Assert.True(file.IsValid);
-                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+                ClassicAssert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                ClassicAssert.True(file.IsValid);
+                ClassicAssert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
            });
        }

@@ -99,14 +100,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                string path = file.GetStoragePath();

-                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
-                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+                ClassicAssert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                ClassicAssert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));

                files.Cleanup();

-                Assert.False(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
-                Assert.False(file.IsValid);
-                Assert.False(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+                ClassicAssert.False(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                ClassicAssert.False(file.IsValid);
+                ClassicAssert.False(files.Storage.Exists(path));
            });
        }
    }
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Database;
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    return null;
                });

-                Assert.IsTrue(callbackRan);
+                ClassicAssert.True(callbackRan);
            });
        }

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                    var importedSet = realm.Realm.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().Single();

-                    Assert.NotNull(importedSet);
-                    Assert.AreEqual(new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)), importedSet.DateAdded);
+                    ClassicAssert.NotNull(importedSet);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)), importedSet.DateAdded);
                }
            });
        }
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                Live<BeatmapInfo> beatmap2 = realm.Run(r => r.All<BeatmapInfo>().First().ToLive(realm));

-                Assert.AreEqual(beatmap, beatmap2);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(beatmap, beatmap2);
            });
        }

@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    using (realm.BlockAllOperations("testing"))
                        storage.Migrate(migratedStorage);

-                    Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap?.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+                    ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap?.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
                });
            }
        }
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                            r.Add(beatmap)))
                );

-                Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+                ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
            });
        }

@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

                realm.Run(r => r.Write(_ => r.Add(beatmap)));

-                Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+                ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
            });
        }

@@ -136,15 +137,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo(CreateRuleset(), new BeatmapDifficulty(), new BeatmapMetadata());
            var liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLiveUnmanaged();

-            Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.Hidden);
-            Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.Value.Hidden);
-            Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+            ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.Hidden);
+            ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.Value.Hidden);
+            ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));

            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => liveBeatmap.PerformWrite(l => l.Hidden = true));

-            Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.Hidden);
-            Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.Value.Hidden);
-            Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+            ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.Hidden);
+            ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.Value.Hidden);
+            ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -159,10 +160,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                var liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive(realm);

                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => liveBeatmap.PerformWrite(l => throw new InvalidOperationException()));
-                Assert.IsFalse(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+                ClassicAssert.False(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));

                liveBeatmap.PerformWrite(l => l.Hidden = true);
-                Assert.IsTrue(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
+                ClassicAssert.True(liveBeatmap.PerformRead(l => l.Hidden));
            });
        }

@@ -188,8 +189,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                {
                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(beatmap =>
                    {
-                        Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.IsValid);
-                        Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.Hidden);
+                        ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.IsValid);
+                        ClassicAssert.False(beatmap.Hidden);
                    });
                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).WaitSafely();
            });
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                {
                    liveBeatmap.PerformWrite(beatmap => { beatmap.Hidden = true; });
-                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(beatmap => { Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.Hidden); });
+                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(beatmap => { ClassicAssert.True(beatmap.Hidden); });
                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).WaitSafely();
            });
        }
@@ -333,17 +334,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                    Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);

                    // not yet seen by main context
-                    Assert.AreEqual(0, outerRealm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Count());
-                    Assert.AreEqual(0, changesTriggered);
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, outerRealm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Count());
+                    ClassicAssert.AreEqual(0, changesTriggered);

                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(resolved =>
                    {
                        // retrieval causes an implicit refresh. even changes that aren't related to the retrieval are fired at this point.
-                        Assert.AreEqual(2, outerRealm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Count());
-                        Assert.AreEqual(1, changesTriggered);
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(2, outerRealm.All<BeatmapInfo>().Count());
+                        ClassicAssert.AreEqual(1, changesTriggered);

                        // can access properties without a crash.
-                        Assert.IsFalse(resolved.Hidden);
+                        ClassicAssert.False(resolved.Hidden);

                        outerRealm.Write(r =>
                        {
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            {
                using var rulesets = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);

-                Assert.AreEqual(4, rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Count());
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, realm.Realm.All<RulesetInfo>().Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, realm.Realm.All<RulesetInfo>().Count());
            });
        }

@@ -39,11 +41,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                using var rulesets = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
                using var rulesets2 = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);

-                Assert.AreEqual(4, rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Count());
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, rulesets2.AvailableRulesets.Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, rulesets2.AvailableRulesets.Count());

-                Assert.AreEqual(rulesets.AvailableRulesets.First(), rulesets2.AvailableRulesets.First());
-                Assert.AreEqual(4, realm.Realm.All<RulesetInfo>().Count());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(rulesets.AvailableRulesets.First(), rulesets2.AvailableRulesets.First());
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(4, realm.Realm.All<RulesetInfo>().Count());
            });
        }

@@ -54,9 +56,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            {
                using var rulesets = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);

-                Assert.IsFalse(rulesets.AvailableRulesets.First().IsManaged);
-                Assert.IsFalse(rulesets.GetRuleset(0)?.IsManaged);
-                Assert.IsFalse(rulesets.GetRuleset("mania")?.IsManaged);
+                ClassicAssert.False(rulesets.AvailableRulesets.First().IsManaged);
+                ClassicAssert.False(rulesets.GetRuleset(0)?.IsManaged);
+                ClassicAssert.False(rulesets.GetRuleset("mania")?.IsManaged);
            });
        }

@@ -116,6 +118,69 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            });
        }

+        [Test]
+        public void TestFakedRulesetIdIsDetected()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, storage) =>
+            {
+                LoadTestRuleset.HasImplementations = true;
+                LoadTestRuleset.Version = Ruleset.CURRENT_RULESET_API_VERSION;
+
+                var ruleset = new LoadTestRuleset();
+                string rulesetShortName = ruleset.RulesetInfo.ShortName;
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(new RulesetInfo(rulesetShortName, ruleset.RulesetInfo.Name, ruleset.RulesetInfo.InstantiationInfo, 0)
+                {
+                    Available = true,
+                }));
+
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
+
+                // Availability is updated on construction of a RealmRulesetStore
+                using var _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMultipleRulesetWithSameOnlineIdsAreDetected()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, storage) =>
+            {
+                LoadTestRuleset.HasImplementations = true;
+                LoadTestRuleset.Version = Ruleset.CURRENT_RULESET_API_VERSION;
+                LoadTestRuleset.OnlineID = 2;
+
+                var first = new LoadTestRuleset();
+                var second = new CatchRuleset();
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(new RulesetInfo(first.ShortName, first.RulesetInfo.Name, first.RulesetInfo.InstantiationInfo, first.RulesetInfo.OnlineID)
+                {
+                    Available = true,
+                }));
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(new RulesetInfo(second.ShortName, second.RulesetInfo.Name, second.RulesetInfo.InstantiationInfo, second.RulesetInfo.OnlineID)
+                {
+                    Available = true,
+                }));
+
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(first.ShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(second.ShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
+
+                // Availability is updated on construction of a RealmRulesetStore
+                using var _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(first.ShortName)!.Available), Is.False);
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(second.ShortName)!.Available), Is.False);
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Remove(r.Find<RulesetInfo>(first.ShortName)!));
+
+                using var __ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+
+                Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(second.ShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
+            });
+        }
+
        private class LoadTestRuleset : Ruleset
        {
            public override string RulesetAPIVersionSupported => Version;
@@ -124,6 +189,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database

            public static string Version { get; set; } = CURRENT_RULESET_API_VERSION;

+            public static int OnlineID { get; set; } = -1;
+
+            public LoadTestRuleset()
+            {
+                RulesetInfo.OnlineID = OnlineID;
+            }
+
            public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type)
            {
                if (!HasImplementations)
@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@

 #nullable disable

-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
-using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Input;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
@@ -20,63 +17,87 @@ using Realms;
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
 {
    [TestFixture]
-    public partial class TestRealmKeyBindingStore
+    public partial class TestRealmKeyBindingStore : RealmTest
    {
-        private NativeStorage storage;
-
-        private RealmKeyBindingStore keyBindingStore;
-
-        private RealmAccess realm;
-
-        [SetUp]
-        public void SetUp()
-        {
-            var directory = Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString()));
-
-            storage = new NativeStorage(directory.FullName);
-
-            realm = new RealmAccess(storage, "test");
-            keyBindingStore = new RealmKeyBindingStore(realm, new ReadableKeyCombinationProvider());
-        }
-
        [Test]
        public void TestDefaultsPopulationAndQuery()
        {
-            Assert.That(queryCount(), Is.EqualTo(0));
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm), Is.EqualTo(0));

-            KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();
+                KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();

-            keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
+                var keyBindingStore = new RealmKeyBindingStore(realm, new ReadableKeyCombinationProvider());
+                keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());

-            Assert.That(queryCount(), Is.EqualTo(3));
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm), Is.EqualTo(3));

-            Assert.That(queryCount(GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(1));
-            Assert.That(queryCount(GlobalAction.Select), Is.EqualTo(2));
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm, GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm, GlobalAction.Select), Is.EqualTo(2));
+            });
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestDefaultsPopulationRemovesExcess()
        {
-            Assert.That(queryCount(), Is.EqualTo(0));
-
-            KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();
-
-            // Add some excess bindings for an action which only supports 1.
-            realm.Write(r =>
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
            {
-                r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.A)));
-                r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.S)));
-                r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.D)));
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm), Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+                KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();
+
+                // Add some excess bindings for an action which only supports 1.
+                realm.Write(r =>
+                {
+                    r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.A)));
+                    r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.S)));
+                    r.Add(new RealmKeyBinding(GlobalAction.Back, new KeyCombination(InputKey.D)));
+                });
+
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm, GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(3));
+
+                var keyBindingStore = new RealmKeyBindingStore(realm, new ReadableKeyCombinationProvider());
+                keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
+
+                Assert.That(queryCount(realm, GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(1));
            });
-
-            Assert.That(queryCount(GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(3));
-
-            keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
-
-            Assert.That(queryCount(GlobalAction.Back), Is.EqualTo(1));
        }

-        private int queryCount(GlobalAction? match = null)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUpdateViaQueriedReference()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();
+
+                var keyBindingStore = new RealmKeyBindingStore(realm, new ReadableKeyCombinationProvider());
+                keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
+
+                realm.Run(outerRealm =>
+                {
+                    var backBinding = outerRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
+
+                    Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.Escape }));
+
+                    var tsr = ThreadSafeReference.Create(backBinding);
+
+                    realm.Run(innerRealm =>
+                    {
+                        var binding = innerRealm.ResolveReference(tsr)!;
+                        innerRealm.Write(() => binding.KeyCombination = new KeyCombination(InputKey.BackSpace));
+                    });
+
+                    Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
+
+                    // check still correct after re-query.
+                    backBinding = outerRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
+                    Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        private static int queryCount(RealmAccess realm, GlobalAction? match = null)
        {
            return realm.Run(r =>
            {
@@ -87,42 +108,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
            });
        }

-        [Test]
-        public void TestUpdateViaQueriedReference()
-        {
-            KeyBindingContainer testContainer = new TestKeyBindingContainer();
-
-            keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
-
-            realm.Run(outerRealm =>
-            {
-                var backBinding = outerRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
-
-                Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.Escape }));
-
-                var tsr = ThreadSafeReference.Create(backBinding);
-
-                realm.Run(innerRealm =>
-                {
-                    var binding = innerRealm.ResolveReference(tsr)!;
-                    innerRealm.Write(() => binding.KeyCombination = new KeyCombination(InputKey.BackSpace));
-                });
-
-                Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
-
-                // check still correct after re-query.
-                backBinding = outerRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
-                Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
-            });
-        }
-
-        [TearDown]
-        public void TearDown()
-        {
-            realm.Dispose();
-            storage.DeleteDirectory(string.Empty);
-        }
-
        public partial class TestKeyBindingContainer : KeyBindingContainer
        {
            public override IEnumerable<IKeyBinding> DefaultKeyBindings =>
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        public void TestRegularVideoFile()
        {
            using (var resourceStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Videos/test-video.mp4"))
-                Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
            var layer = storyboard.GetLayer("Video");
            layer.Add(new StoryboardVideo("abc123.mp4", 0));

-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.As<IWorkingBeatmap>().SetupGet(w => w.Storyboard).Returns(storyboard);

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using ManagedBass;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Models;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        public void TestNoDelayedHitsounds()
        {
            using var resourceStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Samples/hitsound-no-delay.wav");
-            Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
+            ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks

        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(Stream? resourceStream)
        {
-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

            return new BeatmapVerifierContext(beatmap, mockWorkingBeatmap.Object);
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
                        Metadata = new BeatmapMetadata { AudioFile = beatmapSet.Files[0].Filename }
                    }
                };
-                var firstWorking = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(firstPlayable, null, null);
+                var firstWorking = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(firstPlayable, null!, null!);
                firstWorking.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

                var secondPlayable = new Beatmap<HitObject>
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
                        Metadata = new BeatmapMetadata { AudioFile = beatmapSet.Files[1].Filename }
                    }
                };
-                var secondWorking = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(secondPlayable, null, null);
+                var secondWorking = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(secondPlayable, null!, null!);
                secondWorking.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

                var context = new BeatmapVerifierContext(
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks

        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(Stream? resourceStream)
        {
-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

            return new BeatmapVerifierContext(beatmap, mockWorkingBeatmap.Object);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks

        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(Stream? resourceStream)
        {
-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

            return new BeatmapVerifierContext(beatmap, mockWorkingBeatmap.Object);
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using ManagedBass;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
            beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Files.Add(CheckTestHelpers.CreateMockFile("jpg"));

            // Should fail to load, but not produce an error due to the extension not being expected to load.
-            Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(null)));
+            ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(null)));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        {
            using (var resourceStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Samples/test-sample.mp3"))
            {
-                Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
            }
        }

@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
            using (var resourceStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Samples/blank.wav"))
            {
                // This is a 0 ms duration audio file, commonly used to silence sliderslides/ticks, and so should be fine.
-                Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
            }
        }

@@ -91,13 +92,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        {
            using (var resourceStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Samples/missing.mp3"))
            {
-                Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
+                ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(resourceStream)));
            }
        }

        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(Stream? resourceStream)
        {
-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);

            return new BeatmapVerifierContext(beatmap, mockWorkingBeatmap.Object);
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
            var layer = storyboard.GetLayer("Video");
            layer.Add(new StoryboardVideo("abc123.mp4", 0));

-            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null, null);
+            var mockWorkingBeatmap = new Mock<TestWorkingBeatmap>(beatmap, null!, null!);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.Setup(w => w.GetStream(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(resourceStream);
            mockWorkingBeatmap.As<IWorkingBeatmap>().SetupGet(w => w.Storyboard).Returns(storyboard);

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        [Test]
        public void TestNonZeroBytes()
        {
-            Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(byteLength: 44)));
+            ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContext(byteLength: 44)));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing.Checks
        [Test]
        public void TestMissing()
        {
-            Assert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContextMissing()));
+            ClassicAssert.IsEmpty(check.Run(getContextMissing()));
        }

        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(long byteLength)
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests
                while (!result()) Thread.Sleep(200);
            });

-            Assert.IsTrue(task.Wait(timeout), failureMessage);
+            ClassicAssert.True(task.Wait(timeout), failureMessage);
        }

        public partial class TestOsuGameBase : OsuGameBase
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;

 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Localisation
@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Localisation
            };
            var romanisableString = metadata.GetDisplayTitleRomanisable();

-            Assert.AreEqual(metadata.ToString(), romanisableString.Romanised);
-            Assert.AreEqual($"{metadata.ArtistUnicode} - {metadata.TitleUnicode}", romanisableString.Original);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(metadata.ToString(), romanisableString.Romanised);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual($"{metadata.ArtistUnicode} - {metadata.TitleUnicode}", romanisableString.Original);
        }

        [Test]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Localisation
            };
            var romanisableString = metadata.GetDisplayTitleRomanisable();

-            Assert.AreEqual(romanisableString.Romanised, romanisableString.Original);
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(romanisableString.Romanised, romanisableString.Original);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.TypeExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
            Assert.That(isValid, Is.EqualTo(expectedInvalid.Length == 0));

            if (isValid)
-                Assert.IsNull(invalid);
+                ClassicAssert.Null(invalid);
            else
                Assert.That(invalid?.Select(t => t.GetType()), Is.EquivalentTo(expectedInvalid));
        }
@@ -214,21 +215,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
        [Test]
        public void TestFormatScoreMultiplier()
        {
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9999).ToString(), "0.99x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0).ToString(), "1.00x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0001).ToString(), "1.01x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9999).ToString(), "0.99x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0).ToString(), "1.00x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0001).ToString(), "1.01x");

-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.899999999999999).ToString(), "0.90x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9).ToString(), "0.90x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.900000000000001).ToString(), "0.90x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.899999999999999).ToString(), "0.90x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9).ToString(), "0.90x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.900000000000001).ToString(), "0.90x");

-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.099999999999999).ToString(), "1.10x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.1).ToString(), "1.10x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.100000000000001).ToString(), "1.10x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.099999999999999).ToString(), "1.10x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.1).ToString(), "1.10x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.100000000000001).ToString(), "1.10x");

-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.045).ToString(), "1.05x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.05).ToString(), "1.05x");
-            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.055).ToString(), "1.06x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.045).ToString(), "1.05x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.05).ToString(), "1.05x");
+            ClassicAssert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.055).ToString(), "1.06x");
        }

        private static readonly object[] multiplayer_mod_test_scenarios =
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
            Assert.That(isValid, Is.EqualTo(scenario.InvalidTypes.Length == 0));

            if (isValid)
-                Assert.IsNull(invalidMods);
+                ClassicAssert.Null(invalidMods);
            else
                Assert.That(invalidMods?.Select(t => t.GetType()), Is.EquivalentTo(scenario.InvalidTypes));
        }
@@ -318,12 +319,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
        public void TestPlaylistsModScenarios()
        {
            // The rest are tested by TestMultiplayerModScenarios.
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModHardRock(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModHardRock(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModDoubleTime(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModDoubleTime(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new ModAdaptiveSpeed(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
-            Assert.IsTrue(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new ModAdaptiveSpeed(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModHardRock(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModHardRock(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModDoubleTime(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new OsuModDoubleTime(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new ModAdaptiveSpeed(), false, MatchType.Playlists, false));
+            ClassicAssert.True(ModUtils.IsValidModForMatch(new ModAdaptiveSpeed(), true, MatchType.Playlists, false));
        }

        [Test]
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework.Legacy;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
@@ -54,13 +55,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual
                // every seventh bar's start time should be at least greater than the whole number we expect.
                // It cannot be less, as that can affect overlapping scroll algorithms
                // (the previous timing point might be chosen incorrectly if this is not the case)
-                Assert.GreaterOrEqual(barLine.StartTime, expectedTime);
+                ClassicAssert.GreaterOrEqual(barLine.StartTime, expectedTime);

                // on the other side, make sure we don't stray too far from the expected time either.
-                Assert.IsTrue(Precision.AlmostEquals(barLine.StartTime, expectedTime));
+                ClassicAssert.True(Precision.AlmostEquals(barLine.StartTime, expectedTime));

                // check major/minor lines for good measure too
-                Assert.AreEqual(i % signature.Numerator == 0, barLine.Major);
+                ClassicAssert.AreEqual(i % signature.Numerator == 0, barLine.Major);
            }
        }

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More