osu-lazer/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapManager.cs

// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using JetBrains.Annotations;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using osu.Framework.Audio;
using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
using osu.Framework.Bindables;
using osu.Framework.Extensions;
using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
using osu.Framework.Lists;
using osu.Framework.Logging;
using osu.Framework.Platform;
using osu.Framework.Statistics;
using osu.Framework.Testing;
using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
using osu.Game.Database;
using osu.Game.IO;
using osu.Game.IO.Archives;
using osu.Game.Online.API;
using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
using osu.Game.Rulesets;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
using osu.Game.Skinning;
using osu.Game.Users;
using Decoder = osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats.Decoder;

namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Handles the storage and retrieval of Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmaps.
    /// </summary>
    [ExcludeFromDynamicCompile]
    public partial class BeatmapManager : DownloadableArchiveModelManager<BeatmapSetInfo, BeatmapSetFileInfo>, IDisposable, IBeatmapResourceProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Fired when a single difficulty has been hidden.
        /// </summary>
        public IBindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>> BeatmapHidden => beatmapHidden;

        private readonly Bindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>> beatmapHidden = new Bindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Fired when a single difficulty has been restored.
        /// </summary>
        public IBindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>> BeatmapRestored => beatmapRestored;

        private readonly Bindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>> beatmapRestored = new Bindable<WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>>();

        /// <summary>
        /// A default representation of a WorkingBeatmap to use when no beatmap is available.
        /// </summary>
        public readonly WorkingBeatmap DefaultBeatmap;

        public override IEnumerable<string> HandledExtensions => new[] { ".osz" };

        protected override string[] HashableFileTypes => new[] { ".osu" };

        protected override string ImportFromStablePath => ".";

        protected override Storage PrepareStableStorage(StableStorage stableStorage) => stableStorage.GetSongStorage();

        private readonly RulesetStore rulesets;
        private readonly BeatmapStore beatmaps;
        private readonly AudioManager audioManager;
        private readonly IResourceStore<byte[]> resources;
        private readonly LargeTextureStore largeTextureStore;
        private readonly ITrackStore trackStore;

        [CanBeNull]
        private readonly GameHost host;

        [CanBeNull]
        private readonly BeatmapOnlineLookupQueue onlineLookupQueue;

        public BeatmapManager(Storage storage, IDatabaseContextFactory contextFactory, RulesetStore rulesets, IAPIProvider api, [NotNull] AudioManager audioManager, IResourceStore<byte[]> resources, GameHost host = null,
                              WorkingBeatmap defaultBeatmap = null, bool performOnlineLookups = false)
            : base(storage, contextFactory, api, new BeatmapStore(contextFactory), host)
        {
            this.rulesets = rulesets;
            this.audioManager = audioManager;
            this.resources = resources;
            this.host = host;

            DefaultBeatmap = defaultBeatmap;

            beatmaps = (BeatmapStore)ModelStore;
            beatmaps.BeatmapHidden += b => beatmapHidden.Value = new WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>(b);
            beatmaps.BeatmapRestored += b => beatmapRestored.Value = new WeakReference<BeatmapInfo>(b);
            beatmaps.ItemRemoved += removeWorkingCache;
            beatmaps.ItemUpdated += removeWorkingCache;

            if (performOnlineLookups)
                onlineLookupQueue = new BeatmapOnlineLookupQueue(api, storage);

            largeTextureStore = new LargeTextureStore(host?.CreateTextureLoaderStore(Files.Store));
            trackStore = audioManager.GetTrackStore(Files.Store);
        }

        protected override ArchiveDownloadRequest<BeatmapSetInfo> CreateDownloadRequest(BeatmapSetInfo set, bool minimiseDownloadSize) =>
            new DownloadBeatmapSetRequest(set, minimiseDownloadSize);

        protected override bool ShouldDeleteArchive(string path) => Path.GetExtension(path)?.ToLowerInvariant() == ".osz";

        public WorkingBeatmap CreateNew(RulesetInfo ruleset, User user)
        {
            var metadata = new BeatmapMetadata
            {
                Author = user,
            };

            var set = new BeatmapSetInfo
            {
                Metadata = metadata,
                Beatmaps = new List<BeatmapInfo>
                {
                    new BeatmapInfo
                    {
                        BaseDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(),
                        Ruleset = ruleset,
                        Metadata = metadata,
                        WidescreenStoryboard = true,
                    }
                }
            };

            var working = Import(set).Result;
            return GetWorkingBeatmap(working.Beatmaps.First());
        }

        protected override async Task Populate(BeatmapSetInfo beatmapSet, ArchiveReader archive, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            if (archive != null)
                beatmapSet.Beatmaps = createBeatmapDifficulties(beatmapSet.Files);

            foreach (BeatmapInfo b in beatmapSet.Beatmaps)
            {
                // remove metadata from difficulties where it matches the set
                if (beatmapSet.Metadata.Equals(b.Metadata))
                    b.Metadata = null;

                b.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
            }

            validateOnlineIds(beatmapSet);

            bool hadOnlineBeatmapIDs = beatmapSet.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID > 0);

            if (onlineLookupQueue != null)
                await onlineLookupQueue.UpdateAsync(beatmapSet, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            // ensure at least one beatmap was able to retrieve or keep an online ID, else drop the set ID.
            if (hadOnlineBeatmapIDs && !beatmapSet.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID > 0))
            {
                if (beatmapSet.OnlineBeatmapSetID != null)
                {
                    beatmapSet.OnlineBeatmapSetID = null;
                    LogForModel(beatmapSet, "Disassociating beatmap set ID due to loss of all beatmap IDs");
                }
            }
        }

        protected override void PreImport(BeatmapSetInfo beatmapSet)
        {
            if (beatmapSet.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.BaseDifficulty == null))
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot import {nameof(BeatmapInfo)} with null {nameof(BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty)}.");

            // check if a set already exists with the same online id, delete if it does.
            if (beatmapSet.OnlineBeatmapSetID != null)
            {
                var existingOnlineId = beatmaps.ConsumableItems.FirstOrDefault(b => b.OnlineBeatmapSetID == beatmapSet.OnlineBeatmapSetID);

                if (existingOnlineId != null)
                {
                    Delete(existingOnlineId);

                    // in order to avoid a unique key constraint, immediately remove the online ID from the previous set.
                    existingOnlineId.OnlineBeatmapSetID = null;
                    foreach (var b in existingOnlineId.Beatmaps)
                        b.OnlineBeatmapID = null;

                    LogForModel(beatmapSet, $"Found existing beatmap set with same OnlineBeatmapSetID ({beatmapSet.OnlineBeatmapSetID}). It has been deleted.");
                }
            }
        }

        private void validateOnlineIds(BeatmapSetInfo beatmapSet)
        {
            var beatmapIds = beatmapSet.Beatmaps.Where(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID.HasValue).Select(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID).ToList();

            // ensure all IDs are unique
            if (beatmapIds.GroupBy(b => b).Any(g => g.Count() > 1))
            {
                LogForModel(beatmapSet, "Found non-unique IDs, resetting...");
                resetIds();
                return;
            }

            // find any existing beatmaps in the database that have matching online ids
            var existingBeatmaps = QueryBeatmaps(b => beatmapIds.Contains(b.OnlineBeatmapID)).ToList();

            if (existingBeatmaps.Count > 0)
            {
                // reset the import ids (to force a re-fetch) *unless* they match the candidate CheckForExisting set.
                // we can ignore the case where the new ids are contained by the CheckForExisting set as it will either be used (import skipped) or deleted.
                var existing = CheckForExisting(beatmapSet);

                if (existing == null || existingBeatmaps.Any(b => !existing.Beatmaps.Contains(b)))
                {
                    LogForModel(beatmapSet, "Found existing import with IDs already, resetting...");
                    resetIds();
                }
            }

            void resetIds() => beatmapSet.Beatmaps.ForEach(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID = null);
        }

        protected override bool CheckLocalAvailability(BeatmapSetInfo model, IQueryable<BeatmapSetInfo> items)
            => base.CheckLocalAvailability(model, items)
               || (model.OnlineBeatmapSetID != null && items.Any(b => b.OnlineBeatmapSetID == model.OnlineBeatmapSetID));

        /// <summary>
        /// Delete a beatmap difficulty.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="beatmap">The beatmap difficulty to hide.</param>
        public void Hide(BeatmapInfo beatmap) => beatmaps.Hide(beatmap);

        /// <summary>
        /// Restore a beatmap difficulty.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="beatmap">The beatmap difficulty to restore.</param>
        public void Restore(BeatmapInfo beatmap) => beatmaps.Restore(beatmap);

        /// <summary>
        /// Saves an <see cref="IBeatmap"/> file against a given <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="info">The <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/> to save the content against. The file referenced by <see cref="BeatmapInfo.Path"/> will be replaced.</param>
        /// <param name="beatmapContent">The <see cref="IBeatmap"/> content to write.</param>
        /// <param name="beatmapSkin">The beatmap <see cref="ISkin"/> content to write, null if to be omitted.</param>
        public virtual void Save(BeatmapInfo info, IBeatmap beatmapContent, ISkin beatmapSkin = null)
        {
            var setInfo = info.BeatmapSet;

            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                using (var sw = new StreamWriter(stream, Encoding.UTF8, 1024, true))
                    new LegacyBeatmapEncoder(beatmapContent, beatmapSkin).Encode(sw);

                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

                using (ContextFactory.GetForWrite())
                {
                    var beatmapInfo = setInfo.Beatmaps.Single(b => b.ID == info.ID);
                    var metadata = beatmapInfo.Metadata ?? setInfo.Metadata;

                    // grab the original file (or create a new one if not found).
                    var fileInfo = setInfo.Files.SingleOrDefault(f => string.Equals(f.Filename, beatmapInfo.Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? new BeatmapSetFileInfo();

                    // metadata may have changed; update the path with the standard format.
                    beatmapInfo.Path = $"{metadata.Artist} - {metadata.Title} ({metadata.Author}) [{beatmapInfo.Version}].osu";
                    beatmapInfo.MD5Hash = stream.ComputeMD5Hash();

                    // update existing or populate new file's filename.
                    fileInfo.Filename = beatmapInfo.Path;

                    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                    ReplaceFile(setInfo, fileInfo, stream);
                }
            }

            removeWorkingCache(info);
        }

        private readonly WeakList<BeatmapManagerWorkingBeatmap> workingCache = new WeakList<BeatmapManagerWorkingBeatmap>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve a <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> instance for the provided <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="beatmapInfo">The beatmap to lookup.</param>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> instance correlating to the provided <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>.</returns>
        public virtual WorkingBeatmap GetWorkingBeatmap(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
        {
            // if there are no files, presume the full beatmap info has not yet been fetched from the database.
            if (beatmapInfo?.BeatmapSet?.Files.Count == 0)
            {
                int lookupId = beatmapInfo.ID;
                beatmapInfo = QueryBeatmap(b => b.ID == lookupId);
            }

            if (beatmapInfo?.BeatmapSet == null)
                return DefaultBeatmap;

            lock (workingCache)
            {
                var working = workingCache.FirstOrDefault(w => w.BeatmapInfo?.ID == beatmapInfo.ID);
                if (working != null)
                    return working;

                beatmapInfo.Metadata ??= beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Metadata;

                workingCache.Add(working = new BeatmapManagerWorkingBeatmap(beatmapInfo, this));

                // best effort; may be higher than expected.
                GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(nameof(Beatmaps), $"Cached {nameof(WorkingBeatmap)}s").Value = workingCache.Count();

                return working;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Perform a lookup query on available <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>s.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">The query.</param>
        /// <returns>The first result for the provided query, or null if no results were found.</returns>
        public BeatmapSetInfo QueryBeatmapSet(Expression<Func<BeatmapSetInfo, bool>> query) => beatmaps.ConsumableItems.AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(query);

        protected override bool CanSkipImport(BeatmapSetInfo existing, BeatmapSetInfo import)
        {
            if (!base.CanSkipImport(existing, import))
                return false;

            return existing.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID != null);
        }

        protected override bool CanReuseExisting(BeatmapSetInfo existing, BeatmapSetInfo import)
        {
            if (!base.CanReuseExisting(existing, import))
                return false;

            var existingIds = existing.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID).OrderBy(i => i);
            var importIds = import.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineBeatmapID).OrderBy(i => i);

            // force re-import if we are not in a sane state.
            return existing.OnlineBeatmapSetID == import.OnlineBeatmapSetID && existingIds.SequenceEqual(importIds);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a list of all usable <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>s.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A list of available <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>.</returns>
        public List<BeatmapSetInfo> GetAllUsableBeatmapSets(IncludedDetails includes = IncludedDetails.All, bool includeProtected = false) =>
            GetAllUsableBeatmapSetsEnumerable(includes, includeProtected).ToList();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a list of all usable <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>s. Note that files are not populated.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="includes">The level of detail to include in the returned objects.</param>
        /// <param name="includeProtected">Whether to include protected (system) beatmaps. These should not be included for gameplay playable use cases.</param>
        /// <returns>A list of available <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>.</returns>
        public IEnumerable<BeatmapSetInfo> GetAllUsableBeatmapSetsEnumerable(IncludedDetails includes, bool includeProtected = false)
        {
            IQueryable<BeatmapSetInfo> queryable;

            switch (includes)
            {
                case IncludedDetails.Minimal:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsOverview;
                    break;

                case IncludedDetails.AllButRuleset:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsWithoutRuleset;
                    break;

                case IncludedDetails.AllButFiles:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsWithoutFiles;
                    break;

                default:
                    queryable = beatmaps.ConsumableItems;
                    break;
            }

            // AsEnumerable used here to avoid applying the WHERE in sql. When done so, ef core 2.x uses an incorrect ORDER BY
            // clause which causes queries to take 5-10x longer.
            // TODO: remove if upgrading to EF core 3.x.
            return queryable.AsEnumerable().Where(s => !s.DeletePending && (includeProtected || !s.Protected));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Perform a lookup query on available <see cref="BeatmapSetInfo"/>s.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">The query.</param>
        /// <param name="includes">The level of detail to include in the returned objects.</param>
        /// <returns>Results from the provided query.</returns>
        public IEnumerable<BeatmapSetInfo> QueryBeatmapSets(Expression<Func<BeatmapSetInfo, bool>> query, IncludedDetails includes = IncludedDetails.All)
        {
            IQueryable<BeatmapSetInfo> queryable;

            switch (includes)
            {
                case IncludedDetails.Minimal:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsOverview;
                    break;

                case IncludedDetails.AllButRuleset:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsWithoutRuleset;
                    break;

                case IncludedDetails.AllButFiles:
                    queryable = beatmaps.BeatmapSetsWithoutFiles;
                    break;

                default:
                    queryable = beatmaps.ConsumableItems;
                    break;
            }

            return queryable.AsNoTracking().Where(query);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Perform a lookup query on available <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>s.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">The query.</param>
        /// <returns>The first result for the provided query, or null if no results were found.</returns>
        public BeatmapInfo QueryBeatmap(Expression<Func<BeatmapInfo, bool>> query) => beatmaps.Beatmaps.AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(query);

        /// <summary>
        /// Perform a lookup query on available <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>s.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">The query.</param>
        /// <returns>Results from the provided query.</returns>
        public IQueryable<BeatmapInfo> QueryBeatmaps(Expression<Func<BeatmapInfo, bool>> query) => beatmaps.Beatmaps.AsNoTracking().Where(query);

        protected override string HumanisedModelName => "beatmap";

        protected override BeatmapSetInfo CreateModel(ArchiveReader reader)
        {
            // let's make sure there are actually .osu files to import.
            string mapName = reader.Filenames.FirstOrDefault(f => f.EndsWith(".osu", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mapName))
            {
                Logger.Log($"No beatmap files found in the beatmap archive ({reader.Name}).", LoggingTarget.Database);
                return null;
            }

            Beatmap beatmap;
            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(reader.GetStream(mapName)))
                beatmap = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(stream).Decode(stream);

            return new BeatmapSetInfo
            {
                OnlineBeatmapSetID = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BeatmapSet?.OnlineBeatmapSetID,
                Beatmaps = new List<BeatmapInfo>(),
                Metadata = beatmap.Metadata,
                DateAdded = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow
            };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create all required <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/>s for the provided archive.
        /// </summary>
        private List<BeatmapInfo> createBeatmapDifficulties(List<BeatmapSetFileInfo> files)
        {
            var beatmapInfos = new List<BeatmapInfo>();

            foreach (var file in files.Where(f => f.Filename.EndsWith(".osu", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                using (var raw = Files.Store.GetStream(file.FileInfo.StoragePath))
                using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) // we need a memory stream so we can seek
                using (var sr = new LineBufferedReader(ms))
                {
                    raw.CopyTo(ms);
                    ms.Position = 0;

                    var decoder = Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(sr);
                    IBeatmap beatmap = decoder.Decode(sr);

                    string hash = ms.ComputeSHA2Hash();

                    if (beatmapInfos.Any(b => b.Hash == hash))
                        continue;

                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Path = file.Filename;
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Hash = hash;
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.MD5Hash = ms.ComputeMD5Hash();

                    var ruleset = rulesets.GetRuleset(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.RulesetID);
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset = ruleset;

                    // TODO: this should be done in a better place once we actually need to dynamically update it.
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.StarDifficulty = ruleset?.CreateInstance().CreateDifficultyCalculator(new DummyConversionBeatmap(beatmap)).Calculate().StarRating ?? 0;
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Length = calculateLength(beatmap);
                    beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BPM = 60000 / beatmap.GetMostCommonBeatLength();

                    beatmapInfos.Add(beatmap.BeatmapInfo);
                }
            }

            return beatmapInfos;
        }

        private double calculateLength(IBeatmap b)
        {
            if (!b.HitObjects.Any())
                return 0;

            var lastObject = b.HitObjects.Last();

            //TODO: this isn't always correct (consider mania where a non-last object may last for longer than the last in the list).
            double endTime = lastObject.GetEndTime();
            double startTime = b.HitObjects.First().StartTime;

            return endTime - startTime;
        }

        private void removeWorkingCache(BeatmapSetInfo info)
        {
            if (info.Beatmaps == null) return;

            foreach (var b in info.Beatmaps)
                removeWorkingCache(b);
        }

        private void removeWorkingCache(BeatmapInfo info)
        {
            lock (workingCache)
            {
                var working = workingCache.FirstOrDefault(w => w.BeatmapInfo?.ID == info.ID);
                if (working != null)
                    workingCache.Remove(working);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            onlineLookupQueue?.Dispose();
        }

        #region IResourceStorageProvider

        TextureStore IBeatmapResourceProvider.LargeTextureStore => largeTextureStore;
        ITrackStore IBeatmapResourceProvider.Tracks => trackStore;
        AudioManager IStorageResourceProvider.AudioManager => audioManager;
        IResourceStore<byte[]> IStorageResourceProvider.Files => Files.Store;
        IResourceStore<byte[]> IStorageResourceProvider.Resources => resources;
        IResourceStore<TextureUpload> IStorageResourceProvider.CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => host?.CreateTextureLoaderStore(underlyingStore);

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// A dummy WorkingBeatmap for the purpose of retrieving a beatmap for star difficulty calculation.
        /// </summary>
        private class DummyConversionBeatmap : WorkingBeatmap
        {
            private readonly IBeatmap beatmap;

            public DummyConversionBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
                : base(beatmap.BeatmapInfo, null)
            {
                this.beatmap = beatmap;
            }

            protected override IBeatmap GetBeatmap() => beatmap;
            protected override Texture GetBackground() => null;
            protected override Track GetBeatmapTrack() => null;
            protected internal override ISkin GetSkin() => null;
            public override Stream GetStream(string storagePath) => null;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The level of detail to include in database results.
    /// </summary>
    public enum IncludedDetails
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Only include beatmap difficulties and set level metadata.
        /// </summary>
        Minimal,

        /// <summary>
        /// Include all difficulties, rulesets, difficulty metadata but no files.
        /// </summary>
        AllButFiles,

        /// <summary>
        /// Include everything except ruleset. Used for cases where we aren't sure the ruleset is present but still want to consume the beatmap.
        /// </summary>
        AllButRuleset,

        /// <summary>
        /// Include everything.
        /// </summary>
        All
    }
}