diff --git a/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/metastacking/StandardStackElements.java b/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/metastacking/StandardStackElements.java
index 700f0e6c..65dee06d 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/metastacking/StandardStackElements.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/metastacking/StandardStackElements.java
@@ -101,24 +101,24 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
 
     // implementations
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriority")
+    public static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriority")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(HIGHEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST_OWN = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityOwn")
+    public static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST_OWN = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityOwn")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(OWN_CHECK)
             .with(HIGHEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST_INHERITED = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityInherited")
+    public static final MetaStackElement HIGHEST_INHERITED = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityInherited")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(INHERITED_CHECK)
             .with(HIGHEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static MetaStackElement highestFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement highestFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityOnTrack")
                 .param("trackName", trackName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static MetaStackElement highestNotFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement highestNotFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityNotOnTrack")
                 .param("trackName", trackName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .with(new NotFromGroupOnTrackCheck(plugin, trackName))
                 .build();
     }
-    
-    private static MetaStackElement highestFromGroup(String groupName) {
+
+    public static MetaStackElement highestFromGroup(String groupName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityFromGroup")
                 .param("groupName", groupName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static MetaStackElement highestNotFromGroup(String groupName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement highestNotFromGroup(String groupName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("HighestPriorityNotFromGroup")
                 .param("groupName", groupName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -154,24 +154,24 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement LOWEST = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriority")
+    public static final MetaStackElement LOWEST = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriority")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(LOWEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement LOWEST_OWN = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityOwn")
+    public static final MetaStackElement LOWEST_OWN = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityOwn")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(OWN_CHECK)
             .with(LOWEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static final MetaStackElement LOWEST_INHERITED = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityInherited")
+    public static final MetaStackElement LOWEST_INHERITED = FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityInherited")
             .with(TYPE_CHECK)
             .with(INHERITED_CHECK)
             .with(LOWEST_CHECK)
             .build();
 
-    private static MetaStackElement lowestFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement lowestFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityOnTrack")
                 .param("trackName", trackName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static MetaStackElement lowestNotFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement lowestNotFromGroupOnTrack(LuckPermsPlugin plugin, String trackName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityNotOnTrack")
                 .param("trackName", trackName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static MetaStackElement lowestFromGroup(String groupName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement lowestFromGroup(String groupName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityFromGroup")
                 .param("groupName", groupName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public final class StandardStackElements {
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private static MetaStackElement lowestNotFromGroup(String groupName) {
+    public static MetaStackElement lowestNotFromGroup(String groupName) {
         return FluentMetaStackElement.builder("LowestPriorityNotFromGroup")
                 .param("groupName", groupName)
                 .with(TYPE_CHECK)
diff --git a/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/storage/dao/file/AbstractConfigurateDao.java b/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/storage/dao/file/AbstractConfigurateDao.java
index 797340c4..6799a937 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/storage/dao/file/AbstractConfigurateDao.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/storage/dao/file/AbstractConfigurateDao.java
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractConfigurateDao extends AbstractDao {
                 if (entry == null) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                nodes.add(readAttributes(entry.getValue(), c -> NodeFactory.metaNode(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().getNode("value").getString("null"))));
+                nodes.add(readAttributes(entry.getValue(), c -> NodeFactory.metaNode(entry.getKey(), c.getNode("value").getString("null"))));
             }
         }
 
@@ -609,17 +609,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractConfigurateDao extends AbstractDao {
     private void appendNode(ConfigurationNode base, String key, ConfigurationNode attributes, String keyFieldName) {
         if (this.loader instanceof YamlLoader) {
             // create a map node with a single entry of key --> attributes
-            ConfigurationNode appended = SimpleConfigurationNode.root();
+            ConfigurationNode appended = base.getAppendedNode();
             appended.getNode(key).setValue(attributes);
-
-            base.getAppendedNode().setValue(appended);
         } else {
             // include the attributes and key in the same map
-            ConfigurationNode appended = SimpleConfigurationNode.root();
+            ConfigurationNode appended = base.getAppendedNode();
             appended.getNode(keyFieldName).setValue(key);
-            appended.mergeValuesFrom(appended);
-
-            base.getAppendedNode().setValue(appended);
+            appended.mergeValuesFrom(attributes);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/sponge/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/sponge/service/calculated/SubjectCachedData.java b/sponge/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/sponge/service/calculated/SubjectCachedData.java
index 28852fe9..1548711c 100644
--- a/sponge/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/sponge/service/calculated/SubjectCachedData.java
+++ b/sponge/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/sponge/service/calculated/SubjectCachedData.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 public class SubjectCachedData extends AbstractCachedData implements CalculatorFactory {
     private static final MetaStackDefinition DEFAULT_META_STACK = new SimpleMetaStackDefinition(
-            ImmutableList.of(StandardStackElements.HIGHEST_PRIORITY),
+            ImmutableList.of(StandardStackElements.HIGHEST),
             "", "", ""
     );