Merge branch 'ppy:master' into master

README.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Please make sure you have the following prerequisites:
 
 - A desktop platform with the [.NET 6.0 SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download) installed.
 - When developing with mobile, [Xamarin](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/) is required, which is shipped together with Visual Studio or [Visual Studio for Mac](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/mac/).
-- When working with the codebase, we recommend using an IDE with intelligent code completion and syntax highlighting, such as [Visual Studio 2019+](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/), [JetBrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/).
+- When working with the codebase, we recommend using an IDE with intelligent code completion and syntax highlighting, such as the latest version of [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/), [JetBrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/).
 - When running on Linux, please have a system-wide FFmpeg installation available to support video decoding.
 
 ### Downloading the source code
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ git pull
 
 Build configurations for the recommended IDEs (listed above) are included. You should use the provided Build/Run functionality of your IDE to get things going. When testing or building new components, it's highly encouraged you use the `VisualTests` project/configuration. More information on this is provided [below](#contributing).
 
-- Visual Studio / Rider users should load the project via one of the platform-specific `.slnf` files, rather than the main `.sln.` This will allow access to template run configurations.
+- Visual Studio / Rider users should load the project via one of the platform-specific `.slnf` files, rather than the main `.sln`. This will allow access to template run configurations.
 
 You can also build and run *osu!* from the command-line with a single command:
 

osu.Android.props

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@
     <Reference Include="Java.Interop" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2022.211.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2022.223.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2022.304.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2022.308.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Transitive Dependencies">
     <!-- Realm needs to be directly referenced in all Xamarin projects, as it will not pull in its transitive dependencies otherwise. -->
-    <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="10.9.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="10.10.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

osu.Desktop/DiscordRichPresence.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
@@ -108,10 +109,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 presence.Assets.LargeImageText = $"{user.Value.Username}" + (user.Value.Statistics?.GlobalRank > 0 ? $" (rank #{user.Value.Statistics.GlobalRank:N0})" : string.Empty);
 
             // update ruleset
-            int onlineID = ruleset.Value.OnlineID;
-            bool isLegacyRuleset = onlineID >= 0 && onlineID <= ILegacyRuleset.MAX_LEGACY_RULESET_ID;
-
-            presence.Assets.SmallImageKey = isLegacyRuleset ? $"mode_{onlineID}" : "mode_custom";
+            presence.Assets.SmallImageKey = ruleset.Value.IsLegacyRuleset() ? $"mode_{ruleset.Value.OnlineID}" : "mode_custom";
             presence.Assets.SmallImageText = ruleset.Value.Name;
 
             client.SetPresence(presence);

osu.Desktop/OsuGameDesktop.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
@@ -96,6 +97,8 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             switch (RuntimeInfo.OS)
             {
                 case RuntimeInfo.Platform.Windows:
+                    Debug.Assert(OperatingSystem.IsWindows());
+
                     return new SquirrelUpdateManager();
 
                 default:

osu.Desktop/Program.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Desktop.LegacyIpc;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Game.IPC;
 using osu.Game.Tournament;
+using Squirrel;
 
 namespace osu.Desktop
 {
@@ -24,6 +26,10 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [STAThread]
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
+            // run Squirrel first, as the app may exit after these run
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                setupSquirrel();
+
             // Back up the cwd before DesktopGameHost changes it
             string cwd = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
 
@@ -104,6 +110,23 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             }
         }
 
+        [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
+        private static void setupSquirrel()
+        {
+            SquirrelAwareApp.HandleEvents(onInitialInstall: (version, tools) =>
+            {
+                tools.CreateShortcutForThisExe();
+                tools.CreateUninstallerRegistryEntry();
+            }, onAppUninstall: (version, tools) =>
+            {
+                tools.RemoveShortcutForThisExe();
+                tools.RemoveUninstallerRegistryEntry();
+            }, onEveryRun: (version, tools, firstRun) =>
+            {
+                tools.SetProcessAppUserModelId();
+            });
+        }
+
         private static int allowableExceptions = DebugUtils.IsDebugBuild ? 0 : 1;
 
         /// <summary>

osu.Desktop/Updater/SquirrelUpdateManager.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -16,10 +17,11 @@ using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 using Squirrel;
-using LogLevel = Splat.LogLevel;
+using Squirrel.SimpleSplat;
 
 namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
 {
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     public class SquirrelUpdateManager : osu.Game.Updater.UpdateManager
     {
         private UpdateManager updateManager;
@@ -34,12 +36,14 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
         /// </summary>
         private bool updatePending;
 
+        private readonly SquirrelLogger squirrelLogger = new SquirrelLogger();
+
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(NotificationOverlay notification)
         {
             notificationOverlay = notification;
 
-            Splat.Locator.CurrentMutable.Register(() => new SquirrelLogger(), typeof(Splat.ILogger));
+            SquirrelLocator.CurrentMutable.Register(() => squirrelLogger, typeof(ILogger));
         }
 
         protected override async Task<bool> PerformUpdateCheck() => await checkForUpdateAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -49,9 +53,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
             // should we schedule a retry on completion of this check?
             bool scheduleRecheck = true;
 
+            const string github_token = null; // TODO: populate.
+
             try
             {
-                updateManager ??= await UpdateManager.GitHubUpdateManager(@"https://github.com/ppy/osu", @"osulazer", null, null, true).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                updateManager ??= new GithubUpdateManager(@"https://github.com/ppy/osu", false, github_token, @"osulazer");
 
                 var info = await updateManager.CheckForUpdate(!useDeltaPatching).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
@@ -201,11 +207,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
             }
         }
 
-        private class SquirrelLogger : Splat.ILogger, IDisposable
+        private class SquirrelLogger : ILogger, IDisposable
         {
-            public LogLevel Level { get; set; } = LogLevel.Info;
+            public Squirrel.SimpleSplat.LogLevel Level { get; set; } = Squirrel.SimpleSplat.LogLevel.Info;
 
-            public void Write(string message, LogLevel logLevel)
+            public void Write(string message, Squirrel.SimpleSplat.LogLevel logLevel)
             {
                 if (logLevel < Level)
                     return;

osu.Desktop/app.manifest

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
   <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="osu!" />
+  <SquirrelAwareVersion xmlns="urn:schema-squirrel-com:asm.v1">1</SquirrelAwareVersion>
   <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
     <security>
       <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
@@ -17,4 +18,4 @@
       <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
     </asmv3:windowsSettings>
   </asmv3:application>
-</asmv1:assembly>
+</asmv1:assembly>

osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
+    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.8.28-pre" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NETCore.Targets" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Posix.NETStandard" Version="1.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="6.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.squirrel.windows" Version="1.9.0.5" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="5.0.14" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="5.0.14">
       <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring
 {
     public class CatchScoreProcessor : ScoreProcessor
     {
+        protected override double ClassicScoreMultiplier => 28;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs

@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                     {
                         new MultiMod(new ModWindUp(), new ModWindDown()),
                         new ManiaModMuted(),
+                        new ModAdaptiveSpeed()
                     };
 
                 default:
@@ -394,6 +395,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                 {
                     new StatisticItem(string.Empty, () => new SimpleStatisticTable(3, new SimpleStatisticItem[]
                     {
+                        new AverageHitError(score.HitEvents),
                         new UnstableRate(score.HitEvents)
                     }), true)
                 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaSettingsSubsection.cs

@@ -45,10 +45,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                 }
             };
         }
-
-        private class TimeSlider : OsuSliderBar<double>
-        {
-            public override LocalisableString TooltipText => Current.Value.ToString(@"N0") + "ms";
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -10,5 +10,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring
         protected override double DefaultAccuracyPortion => 0.99;
 
         protected override double DefaultComboPortion => 0.01;
+
+        protected override double ClassicScoreMultiplier => 16;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneSliderStreamConversion.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Input;
 
@@ -72,7 +73,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
                 EditorClock.Seek(slider.StartTime);
                 EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Add(slider);
             });
-            AddStep("change beat divisor", () => beatDivisor.Value = 3);
+            AddStep("change beat divisor", () =>
+            {
+                beatDivisor.ValidDivisors.Value = BeatDivisorPresetCollection.TRIPLETS;
+                beatDivisor.Value = 3;
+            });
 
             convertToStream();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.16.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="2.1.4" />

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRandom.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+#nullable enable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
@@ -25,13 +28,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override string Description => "It never gets boring!";
 
         private static readonly float playfield_diagonal = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.LengthFast;
+        private static readonly Vector2 playfield_centre = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Number of previous hitobjects to be shifted together when another object is being moved.
         /// </summary>
         private const int preceding_hitobjects_to_shift = 10;
 
-        private Random rng;
+        private Random? rng;
 
         public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
@@ -44,28 +48,79 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
             rng = new Random((int)Seed.Value);
 
-            RandomObjectInfo previous = null;
+            var randomObjects = randomiseObjects(hitObjects);
 
+            applyRandomisation(hitObjects, randomObjects);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Randomise the position of each hit object and return a list of <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/>s describing how each hit object should be placed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hitObjects">A list of <see cref="OsuHitObject"/>s to have their positions randomised.</param>
+        /// <returns>A list of <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/>s describing how each hit object should be placed.</returns>
+        private List<RandomObjectInfo> randomiseObjects(IEnumerable<OsuHitObject> hitObjects)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(rng != null, $"{nameof(ApplyToBeatmap)} was not called before randomising objects");
+
+            var randomObjects = new List<RandomObjectInfo>();
+            RandomObjectInfo? previous = null;
             float rateOfChangeMultiplier = 0;
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < hitObjects.Count; i++)
+            foreach (OsuHitObject hitObject in hitObjects)
             {
-                var hitObject = hitObjects[i];
-
                 var current = new RandomObjectInfo(hitObject);
+                randomObjects.Add(current);
 
                 // rateOfChangeMultiplier only changes every 5 iterations in a combo
                 // to prevent shaky-line-shaped streams
                 if (hitObject.IndexInCurrentCombo % 5 == 0)
                     rateOfChangeMultiplier = (float)rng.NextDouble() * 2 - 1;
 
+                if (previous == null)
+                {
+                    current.DistanceFromPrevious = (float)(rng.NextDouble() * OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X / 2);
+                    current.RelativeAngle = (float)(rng.NextDouble() * 2 * Math.PI - Math.PI);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    current.DistanceFromPrevious = Vector2.Distance(previous.EndPositionOriginal, current.PositionOriginal);
+
+                    // The max. angle (relative to the angle of the vector pointing from the 2nd last to the last hit object)
+                    // is proportional to the distance between the last and the current hit object
+                    // to allow jumps and prevent too sharp turns during streams.
+
+                    // Allow maximum jump angle when jump distance is more than half of playfield diagonal length
+                    current.RelativeAngle = rateOfChangeMultiplier * 2 * (float)Math.PI * Math.Min(1f, current.DistanceFromPrevious / (playfield_diagonal * 0.5f));
+                }
+
+                previous = current;
+            }
+
+            return randomObjects;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reposition the hit objects according to the information in <paramref name="randomObjects"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hitObjects">The hit objects to be repositioned.</param>
+        /// <param name="randomObjects">A list of <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/> describing how each hit object should be placed.</param>
+        private void applyRandomisation(IReadOnlyList<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, IReadOnlyList<RandomObjectInfo> randomObjects)
+        {
+            RandomObjectInfo? previous = null;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < hitObjects.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var hitObject = hitObjects[i];
+
+                var current = randomObjects[i];
+
                 if (hitObject is Spinner)
                 {
                     previous = null;
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                applyRandomisation(rateOfChangeMultiplier, previous, current);
+                computeRandomisedPosition(current, previous, i > 1 ? randomObjects[i - 2] : null);
 
                 // Move hit objects back into the playfield if they are outside of it
                 Vector2 shift = Vector2.Zero;
@@ -102,44 +157,34 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the final position of the hit object
+        /// Compute the randomised position of a hit object while attempting to keep it inside the playfield.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Final position of the hit object</returns>
-        private void applyRandomisation(float rateOfChangeMultiplier, RandomObjectInfo previous, RandomObjectInfo current)
+        /// <param name="current">The <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/> representing the hit object to have the randomised position computed for.</param>
+        /// <param name="previous">The <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/> representing the hit object immediately preceding the current one.</param>
+        /// <param name="beforePrevious">The <see cref="RandomObjectInfo"/> representing the hit object immediately preceding the <paramref name="previous"/> one.</param>
+        private void computeRandomisedPosition(RandomObjectInfo current, RandomObjectInfo? previous, RandomObjectInfo? beforePrevious)
         {
-            if (previous == null)
+            float previousAbsoluteAngle = 0f;
+
+            if (previous != null)
             {
-                var playfieldSize = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE;
-
-                current.AngleRad = (float)(rng.NextDouble() * 2 * Math.PI - Math.PI);
-                current.PositionRandomised = new Vector2((float)rng.NextDouble() * playfieldSize.X, (float)rng.NextDouble() * playfieldSize.Y);
-
-                return;
+                Vector2 earliestPosition = beforePrevious?.HitObject.EndPosition ?? playfield_centre;
+                Vector2 relativePosition = previous.HitObject.Position - earliestPosition;
+                previousAbsoluteAngle = (float)Math.Atan2(relativePosition.Y, relativePosition.X);
             }
 
-            float distanceToPrev = Vector2.Distance(previous.EndPositionOriginal, current.PositionOriginal);
-
-            // The max. angle (relative to the angle of the vector pointing from the 2nd last to the last hit object)
-            // is proportional to the distance between the last and the current hit object
-            // to allow jumps and prevent too sharp turns during streams.
-
-            // Allow maximum jump angle when jump distance is more than half of playfield diagonal length
-            double randomAngleRad = rateOfChangeMultiplier * 2 * Math.PI * Math.Min(1f, distanceToPrev / (playfield_diagonal * 0.5f));
-
-            current.AngleRad = (float)randomAngleRad + previous.AngleRad;
-            if (current.AngleRad < 0)
-                current.AngleRad += 2 * (float)Math.PI;
+            float absoluteAngle = previousAbsoluteAngle + current.RelativeAngle;
 
             var posRelativeToPrev = new Vector2(
-                distanceToPrev * (float)Math.Cos(current.AngleRad),
-                distanceToPrev * (float)Math.Sin(current.AngleRad)
+                current.DistanceFromPrevious * (float)Math.Cos(absoluteAngle),
+                current.DistanceFromPrevious * (float)Math.Sin(absoluteAngle)
             );
 
-            posRelativeToPrev = OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.RotateAwayFromEdge(previous.EndPositionRandomised, posRelativeToPrev);
+            Vector2 lastEndPosition = previous?.EndPositionRandomised ?? playfield_centre;
 
-            current.AngleRad = (float)Math.Atan2(posRelativeToPrev.Y, posRelativeToPrev.X);
+            posRelativeToPrev = OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.RotateAwayFromEdge(lastEndPosition, posRelativeToPrev);
 
-            current.PositionRandomised = previous.EndPositionRandomised + posRelativeToPrev;
+            current.PositionRandomised = lastEndPosition + posRelativeToPrev;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -287,7 +332,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         private class RandomObjectInfo
         {
-            public float AngleRad { get; set; }
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The jump angle from the previous hit object to this one, relative to the previous hit object's jump angle.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <remarks>
+            /// <see cref="RelativeAngle"/> of the first hit object in a beatmap represents the absolute angle from playfield center to the object.
+            /// </remarks>
+            /// <example>
+            /// If <see cref="RelativeAngle"/> is 0, the player's cursor doesn't need to change its direction of movement when passing
+            /// the previous object to reach this one.
+            /// </example>
+            public float RelativeAngle { get; set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The jump distance from the previous hit object to this one.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <remarks>
+            /// <see cref="DistanceFromPrevious"/> of the first hit object in a beatmap is relative to the playfield center.
+            /// </remarks>
+            public float DistanceFromPrevious { get; set; }
 
             public Vector2 PositionOriginal { get; }
             public Vector2 PositionRandomised { get; set; }
@@ -295,11 +358,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             public Vector2 EndPositionOriginal { get; }
             public Vector2 EndPositionRandomised { get; set; }
 
+            public OsuHitObject HitObject { get; }
+
             public RandomObjectInfo(OsuHitObject hitObject)
             {
                 PositionRandomised = PositionOriginal = hitObject.Position;
                 EndPositionRandomised = EndPositionOriginal = hitObject.EndPosition;
-                AngleRad = 0;
+                HitObject = hitObject;
             }
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
                         new OsuModMuted(),
                         new OsuModNoScope(),
                         new OsuModAimAssist(),
+                        new ModAdaptiveSpeed()
                     };
 
                 case ModType.System:
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
                     {
                         new StatisticItem(string.Empty, () => new SimpleStatisticTable(3, new SimpleStatisticItem[]
                         {
+                            new AverageHitError(timedHitEvents),
                             new UnstableRate(timedHitEvents)
                         }), true)
                     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
 {
     public class OsuScoreProcessor : ScoreProcessor
     {
+        protected override double ClassicScoreMultiplier => 36;
+
         protected override HitEvent CreateHitEvent(JudgementResult result)
             => base.CreateHitEvent(result).With((result as OsuHitCircleJudgementResult)?.CursorPositionAtHit);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
         {
             get
             {
-                string scrollSpeed = ScrollSpeed.IsDefault ? string.Empty : $"Scroll x{ScrollSpeed.Value:N1}";
+                string scrollSpeed = ScrollSpeed.IsDefault ? string.Empty : $"Scroll x{ScrollSpeed.Value:N2}";
 
                 return string.Join(", ", new[]
                 {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -10,5 +10,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
         protected override double DefaultAccuracyPortion => 0.75;
 
         protected override double DefaultComboPortion => 0.25;
+
+        protected override double ClassicScoreMultiplier => 22;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
                     {
                         new MultiMod(new ModWindUp(), new ModWindDown()),
                         new TaikoModMuted(),
+                        new ModAdaptiveSpeed()
                     };
 
                 default:
@@ -235,6 +236,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
                     {
                         new StatisticItem(string.Empty, () => new SimpleStatisticTable(3, new SimpleStatisticItem[]
                         {
+                            new AverageHitError(timedHitEvents),
                             new UnstableRate(timedHitEvents)
                         }), true)
                     }

osu.Game.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="DeepEqual" Version="2.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.16.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Formats.Asn1">
       <Version>5.0.0</Version>
     </PackageReference>

osu.Game.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Tests.iOS.csproj

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="DeepEqual" Version="2.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.16.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\Xamarin\iOS\Xamarin.iOS.CSharp.targets" />
 </Project>

osu.Game.Tests/Database/RealmSubscriptionRegistrationTests.cs

@@ -1,23 +1,129 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+#nullable enable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
 using Realms;
 
-#nullable enable
-
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
 {
     [TestFixture]
     public class RealmSubscriptionRegistrationTests : RealmTest
     {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSubscriptionCollectionAndPropertyChanges()
+        {
+            int collectionChanges = 0;
+            int propertyChanges = 0;
+
+            ChangeSet? lastChanges = null;
+
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                var registration = realm.RegisterForNotifications(r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>(), onChanged);
+
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(TestResources.CreateTestBeatmapSetInfo()));
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                Assert.That(collectionChanges, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(propertyChanges, Is.EqualTo(0));
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.InsertedIndices, Has.One.Items);
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.ModifiedIndices, Is.Empty);
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.NewModifiedIndices, Is.Empty);
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First().Beatmaps.First().CountdownOffset = 5);
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                Assert.That(collectionChanges, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(propertyChanges, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.InsertedIndices, Is.Empty);
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.ModifiedIndices, Has.One.Items);
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.NewModifiedIndices, Has.One.Items);
+
+                registration.Dispose();
+            });
+
+            void onChanged(IRealmCollection<BeatmapSetInfo> sender, ChangeSet? changes, Exception error)
+            {
+                lastChanges = changes;
+
+                if (changes == null)
+                    return;
+
+                if (changes.HasCollectionChanges())
+                {
+                    Interlocked.Increment(ref collectionChanges);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Interlocked.Increment(ref propertyChanges);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSubscriptionWithAsyncWrite()
+        {
+            ChangeSet? lastChanges = null;
+
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                var registration = realm.RegisterForNotifications(r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>(), onChanged);
+
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                // Without forcing the write onto its own thread, realm will internally run the operation synchronously, which can cause a deadlock with `WaitSafely`.
+                Task.Run(async () =>
+                {
+                    await realm.WriteAsync(r => r.Add(TestResources.CreateTestBeatmapSetInfo()));
+                }).WaitSafely();
+
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                Assert.That(lastChanges?.InsertedIndices, Has.One.Items);
+
+                registration.Dispose();
+            });
+
+            void onChanged(IRealmCollection<BeatmapSetInfo> sender, ChangeSet? changes, Exception error) => lastChanges = changes;
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPropertyChangedSubscription()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                bool? receivedValue = null;
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(TestResources.CreateTestBeatmapSetInfo()));
+
+                using (realm.SubscribeToPropertyChanged(r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First(), setInfo => setInfo.Protected, val => receivedValue = val))
+                {
+                    Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.False);
+
+                    realm.Write(r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First().Protected = true);
+
+                    realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+
+                    Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.True);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestSubscriptionWithContextLoss()
         {
@@ -134,5 +240,41 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                 Assert.That(beatmapSetInfo, Is.Null);
             });
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPropertyChangedSubscriptionWithContextLoss()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realm, _) =>
+            {
+                bool? receivedValue = null;
+
+                realm.Write(r => r.Add(TestResources.CreateTestBeatmapSetInfo()));
+
+                var subscription = realm.SubscribeToPropertyChanged(
+                    r => r.All<BeatmapSetInfo>().First(),
+                    setInfo => setInfo.Protected,
+                    val => receivedValue = val);
+
+                Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.Not.Null);
+                receivedValue = null;
+
+                using (realm.BlockAllOperations())
+                {
+                }
+
+                // re-registration after context restore.
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+                Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.Not.Null);
+
+                subscription.Dispose();
+                receivedValue = null;
+
+                using (realm.BlockAllOperations())
+                    Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.Null);
+
+                realm.Run(r => r.Refresh());
+                Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.Null);
+            });
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamples.cs

@@ -1,29 +1,23 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.IO;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -118,59 +112,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
             AddUntilStep("sample has lifetime end", () => sample.LifetimeEnd < double.MaxValue);
         }
 
-        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModDoubleTime), 1.5)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModHalfTime), 0.75)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindUp), 1.5)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindDown), 0.75)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModDoubleTime), 2)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModHalfTime), 0.5)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindUp), 2)]
-        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindDown), 0.5)]
-        public void TestSamplePlaybackWithRateMods(Type expectedMod, double expectedRate)
-        {
-            GameplayClockContainer gameplayContainer = null;
-            StoryboardSampleInfo sampleInfo = null;
-            TestDrawableStoryboardSample sample = null;
-
-            Mod testedMod = Activator.CreateInstance(expectedMod) as Mod;
-
-            switch (testedMod)
-            {
-                case ModRateAdjust m:
-                    m.SpeedChange.Value = expectedRate;
-                    break;
-
-                case ModTimeRamp m:
-                    m.FinalRate.Value = m.InitialRate.Value = expectedRate;
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            AddStep("setup storyboard sample", () =>
-            {
-                Beatmap.Value = new TestCustomSkinWorkingBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, this);
-                SelectedMods.Value = new[] { testedMod };
-
-                var beatmapSkinSourceContainer = new BeatmapSkinProvidingContainer(Beatmap.Value.Skin);
-
-                Add(gameplayContainer = new MasterGameplayClockContainer(Beatmap.Value, 0)
-                {
-                    Child = beatmapSkinSourceContainer
-                });
-
-                beatmapSkinSourceContainer.Add(sample = new TestDrawableStoryboardSample(sampleInfo = new StoryboardSampleInfo("test-sample", 1, 1))
-                {
-                    Clock = gameplayContainer.GameplayClock
-                });
-            });
-
-            AddStep("start", () => gameplayContainer.Start());
-
-            AddAssert("sample playback rate matches mod rates", () =>
-                testedMod != null && Precision.AlmostEquals(
-                    sample.ChildrenOfType<DrawableSample>().First().AggregateFrequency.Value,
-                    ((IApplicableToRate)testedMod).ApplyToRate(sampleInfo.StartTime)));
-        }
-
         [Test]
         public void TestSamplePlaybackWithBeatmapHitsoundsOff()
         {

osu.Game.Tests/Online/TestAPIModJsonSerialization.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Online
     [TestFixture]
     public class TestAPIModJsonSerialization
     {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUnknownMod()
+        {
+            var apiMod = new APIMod { Acronym = "WNG" };
+
+            var deserialized = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<APIMod>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(apiMod));
+
+            var converted = deserialized?.ToMod(new TestRuleset());
+
+            Assert.That(converted, Is.TypeOf(typeof(UnknownMod)));
+            Assert.That(converted?.Type, Is.EqualTo(ModType.System));
+            Assert.That(converted?.Acronym, Is.EqualTo("WNG??"));
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestAcronymIsPreserved()
         {

osu.Game.Tests/Online/TestSubmittableScoreJsonSerialization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.IO.Serialization;
+using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Online
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Basic testing to ensure our attribute-based naming is correctly working.
+    /// </summary>
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSubmittableScoreJsonSerialization
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestScoreSerialisationViaExtensionMethod()
+        {
+            var score = new SubmittableScore(TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo());
+
+            string serialised = score.Serialize();
+
+            Assert.That(serialised, Contains.Substring("large_tick_hit"));
+            Assert.That(serialised, Contains.Substring("\"rank\": \"S\""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestScoreSerialisationWithoutSettings()
+        {
+            var score = new SubmittableScore(TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo());
+
+            string serialised = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(score);
+
+            Assert.That(serialised, Contains.Substring("large_tick_hit"));
+            Assert.That(serialised, Contains.Substring("\"rank\":\"S\""));
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessorTest.cs

@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
@@ -300,7 +304,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
                 HitObjects = { new TestHitObject(result) }
             });
 
-            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.GetImmediateScore(ScoringMode.Standardised, result.AffectsCombo() ? 1 : 0, statistic), Is.EqualTo(expectedScore).Within(0.5d));
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.ComputeFinalScore(ScoringMode.Standardised, new ScoreInfo
+            {
+                Ruleset = new TestRuleset().RulesetInfo,
+                MaxCombo = result.AffectsCombo() ? 1 : 0,
+                Statistics = statistic
+            }), Is.EqualTo(expectedScore).Within(0.5d));
+        }
+
+        private class TestRuleset : Ruleset
+        {
+            public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type) => throw new System.NotImplementedException();
+
+            public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => throw new System.NotImplementedException();
+
+            public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => throw new System.NotImplementedException();
+
+            public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => throw new System.NotImplementedException();
+
+            public override string Description => string.Empty;
+            public override string ShortName => string.Empty;
         }
 
         private class TestJudgement : Judgement

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBeatDivisorControl.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
@@ -20,30 +22,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
         private BeatDivisorControl beatDivisorControl;
         private BindableBeatDivisor bindableBeatDivisor;
 
-        private SliderBar<int> tickSliderBar;
-        private EquilateralTriangle tickMarkerHead;
+        private SliderBar<int> tickSliderBar => beatDivisorControl.ChildrenOfType<SliderBar<int>>().Single();
+        private EquilateralTriangle tickMarkerHead => tickSliderBar.ChildrenOfType<EquilateralTriangle>().Single();
 
         [SetUp]
         public void SetUp() => Schedule(() =>
         {
-            Child = beatDivisorControl = new BeatDivisorControl(bindableBeatDivisor = new BindableBeatDivisor(16))
+            Child = new PopoverContainer
             {
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Size = new Vector2(90, 90)
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Child = beatDivisorControl = new BeatDivisorControl(bindableBeatDivisor = new BindableBeatDivisor(16))
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Size = new Vector2(90, 90)
+                }
             };
-
-            tickSliderBar = beatDivisorControl.ChildrenOfType<SliderBar<int>>().Single();
-            tickMarkerHead = tickSliderBar.ChildrenOfType<EquilateralTriangle>().Single();
         });
 
         [Test]
         public void TestBindableBeatDivisor()
         {
-            AddRepeatStep("move previous", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Previous(), 4);
+            AddRepeatStep("move previous", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Previous(), 2);
             AddAssert("divisor is 4", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Value == 4);
-            AddRepeatStep("move next", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Next(), 3);
-            AddAssert("divisor is 12", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Value == 12);
+            AddRepeatStep("move next", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Next(), 1);
+            AddAssert("divisor is 12", () => bindableBeatDivisor.Value == 8);
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -79,5 +82,115 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
                 sliderDrawQuad.Centre.Y
             );
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBeatChevronNavigation()
+        {
+            switchBeatSnap(1);
+            assertBeatSnap(1);
+
+            switchBeatSnap(3);
+            assertBeatSnap(8);
+
+            switchBeatSnap(-1);
+            assertBeatSnap(4);
+
+            switchBeatSnap(-3);
+            assertBeatSnap(16);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBeatPresetNavigation()
+        {
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+
+            switchPresets(1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Triplets);
+
+            switchPresets(1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+
+            switchPresets(-1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Triplets);
+
+            switchPresets(-1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+
+            setDivisorViaInput(3);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Triplets);
+
+            setDivisorViaInput(8);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+
+            setDivisorViaInput(15);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Custom, 15);
+
+            switchBeatSnap(-1);
+            assertBeatSnap(5);
+
+            switchBeatSnap(-1);
+            assertBeatSnap(3);
+
+            setDivisorViaInput(5);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Custom, 15);
+
+            switchPresets(1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+
+            switchPresets(-1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Triplets);
+        }
+
+        private void switchBeatSnap(int direction) => AddRepeatStep($"move snap {(direction > 0 ? "forward" : "backward")}", () =>
+        {
+            int chevronIndex = direction > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+            var chevronButton = beatDivisorControl.ChildrenOfType<BeatDivisorControl.ChevronButton>().ElementAt(chevronIndex);
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(chevronButton);
+            InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+        }, Math.Abs(direction));
+
+        private void assertBeatSnap(int expected) => AddAssert($"beat snap is {expected}",
+            () => bindableBeatDivisor.Value == expected);
+
+        private void switchPresets(int direction) => AddRepeatStep($"move presets {(direction > 0 ? "forward" : "backward")}", () =>
+        {
+            int chevronIndex = direction > 0 ? 3 : 2;
+            var chevronButton = beatDivisorControl.ChildrenOfType<BeatDivisorControl.ChevronButton>().ElementAt(chevronIndex);
+            InputManager.MoveMouseTo(chevronButton);
+            InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+        }, Math.Abs(direction));
+
+        private void assertPreset(BeatDivisorType type, int? maxDivisor = null)
+        {
+            AddAssert($"preset is {type}", () => bindableBeatDivisor.ValidDivisors.Value.Type == type);
+
+            if (type == BeatDivisorType.Custom)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(maxDivisor != null);
+                AddAssert($"max divisor is {maxDivisor}", () => bindableBeatDivisor.ValidDivisors.Value.Presets.Max() == maxDivisor.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void setDivisorViaInput(int divisor)
+        {
+            AddStep("open divisor input popover", () =>
+            {
+                var button = beatDivisorControl.ChildrenOfType<BeatDivisorControl.DivisorDisplay>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(button);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            BeatDivisorControl.CustomDivisorPopover popover = null;
+            AddUntilStep("wait for popover", () => (popover = this.ChildrenOfType<BeatDivisorControl.CustomDivisorPopover>().SingleOrDefault()) != null && popover.IsLoaded);
+            AddStep($"set divisor to {divisor}", () =>
+            {
+                var textBox = popover.ChildrenOfType<TextBox>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(textBox);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+                textBox.Text = divisor.ToString();
+                InputManager.Key(Key.Enter);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("wait for dismiss", () => !this.ChildrenOfType<BeatDivisorControl.CustomDivisorPopover>().Any());
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneEditorScreenModes.cs

@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit;
-using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Components.Menus;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
 {
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
             AddStep("switch between all screens at once", () =>
             {
                 foreach (var screen in Enum.GetValues(typeof(EditorScreenMode)).Cast<EditorScreenMode>())
-                    Editor.ChildrenOfType<EditorMenuBar>().Single().Mode.Value = screen;
+                    Editor.Mode.Value = screen;
             });
         }
     }

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneBeatmapOffsetControl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
+{
+    public class TestSceneBeatmapOffsetControl : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        private BeatmapOffsetControl offsetControl;
+
+        [SetUpSteps]
+        public void SetUpSteps()
+        {
+            AddStep("Create control", () =>
+            {
+                Child = new PlayerSettingsGroup("Some settings")
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        offsetControl = new BeatmapOffsetControl()
+                    }
+                };
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTooShortToDisplay()
+        {
+            AddStep("Set short reference score", () =>
+            {
+                offsetControl.ReferenceScore.Value = new ScoreInfo
+                {
+                    HitEvents = TestSceneHitEventTimingDistributionGraph.CreateDistributedHitEvents(0, 2)
+                };
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("No calibration button", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCalibrationFromZero()
+        {
+            const double average_error = -4.5;
+
+            AddAssert("Offset is neutral", () => offsetControl.Current.Value == 0);
+            AddAssert("No calibration button", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+            AddStep("Set reference score", () =>
+            {
+                offsetControl.ReferenceScore.Value = new ScoreInfo
+                {
+                    HitEvents = TestSceneHitEventTimingDistributionGraph.CreateDistributedHitEvents(average_error)
+                };
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("Has calibration button", () => offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+            AddStep("Press button", () => offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+            AddAssert("Offset is adjusted", () => offsetControl.Current.Value == -average_error);
+
+            AddUntilStep("Button is disabled", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
+            AddStep("Remove reference score", () => offsetControl.ReferenceScore.Value = null);
+            AddAssert("No calibration button", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// When a beatmap offset was already set, the calibration should take it into account.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCalibrationFromNonZero()
+        {
+            const double average_error = -4.5;
+            const double initial_offset = -2;
+
+            AddStep("Set offset non-neutral", () => offsetControl.Current.Value = initial_offset);
+            AddAssert("No calibration button", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+            AddStep("Set reference score", () =>
+            {
+                offsetControl.ReferenceScore.Value = new ScoreInfo
+                {
+                    HitEvents = TestSceneHitEventTimingDistributionGraph.CreateDistributedHitEvents(average_error)
+                };
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("Has calibration button", () => offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+            AddStep("Press button", () => offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+            AddAssert("Offset is adjusted", () => offsetControl.Current.Value == initial_offset - average_error);
+
+            AddUntilStep("Button is disabled", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
+            AddStep("Remove reference score", () => offsetControl.ReferenceScore.Value = null);
+            AddAssert("No calibration button", () => !offsetControl.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Any());
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFailJudgement.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             AddUntilStep("wait for multiple judgements", () => ((FailPlayer)Player).ScoreProcessor.JudgedHits > 1);
             AddAssert("total number of results == 1", () =>
             {
-                var score = new ScoreInfo();
+                var score = new ScoreInfo { Ruleset = Ruleset.Value };
 
                 ((FailPlayer)Player).ScoreProcessor.PopulateScore(score);
 

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneLeadIn.cs

@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
             public double GameplayClockTime => GameplayClockContainer.GameplayClock.CurrentTime;
 
-            protected override void Update()
+            protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
             {
-                base.Update();
+                base.UpdateAfterChildren();
 
                 if (!FirstFrameClockTime.HasValue)
                 {

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboard.cs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             var decoupledClock = new DecoupleableInterpolatingFramedClock { IsCoupled = true };
             storyboardContainer.Clock = decoupledClock;
 
-            storyboard = working.Storyboard.CreateDrawable(Beatmap.Value);
+            storyboard = working.Storyboard.CreateDrawable(SelectedMods.Value);
             storyboard.Passing = false;
 
             storyboardContainer.Add(storyboard);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
                 sb = decoder.Decode(bfr);
             }
 
-            storyboard = sb.CreateDrawable(Beatmap.Value);
+            storyboard = sb.CreateDrawable(SelectedMods.Value);
 
             storyboardContainer.Add(storyboard);
             decoupledClock.ChangeSource(Beatmap.Value.Track);

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamplePlayback.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Storyboards;
 using osu.Game.Storyboards.Drawables;
+using osuTK.Input;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 {
@@ -19,6 +25,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
     {
         private Storyboard storyboard;
 
+        private IReadOnlyList<Mod> storyboardMods;
+
+        protected override bool HasCustomSteps => true;
+
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuConfigManager config)
         {
@@ -31,42 +41,107 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             backgroundLayer.Add(new StoryboardSampleInfo("Intro/welcome.mp3", time: 0, volume: 20));
         }
 
+        [SetUp]
+        public void SetUp() => storyboardMods = Array.Empty<Mod>();
+
         [Test]
         public void TestStoryboardSamplesStopDuringPause()
         {
-            checkForFirstSamplePlayback();
+            createPlayerTest();
 
             AddStep("player paused", () => Player.Pause());
             AddAssert("player is currently paused", () => Player.GameplayClockContainer.IsPaused.Value);
-            AddAssert("all storyboard samples stopped immediately", () => allStoryboardSamples.All(sound => !sound.IsPlaying));
+            allStoryboardSamplesStopped();
 
             AddStep("player resume", () => Player.Resume());
-            AddUntilStep("any storyboard samples playing after resume", () => allStoryboardSamples.Any(sound => sound.IsPlaying));
+            waitUntilStoryboardSamplesPlay();
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestStoryboardSamplesStopOnSkip()
         {
-            checkForFirstSamplePlayback();
+            createPlayerTest();
 
-            AddStep("skip intro", () => InputManager.Key(osuTK.Input.Key.Space));
-            AddAssert("all storyboard samples stopped immediately", () => allStoryboardSamples.All(sound => !sound.IsPlaying));
+            skipIntro();
+            allStoryboardSamplesStopped();
 
-            AddUntilStep("any storyboard samples playing after skip", () => allStoryboardSamples.Any(sound => sound.IsPlaying));
+            waitUntilStoryboardSamplesPlay();
         }
 
-        private void checkForFirstSamplePlayback()
+        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModDoubleTime), 1.5)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModDoubleTime), 2)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModHalfTime), 0.75)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(OsuModHalfTime), 0.5)]
+        public void TestStoryboardSamplesPlaybackWithRateAdjustMods(Type expectedMod, double expectedRate)
         {
-            AddAssert("storyboard loaded", () => Player.Beatmap.Value.Storyboard != null);
-            AddUntilStep("any storyboard samples playing", () => allStoryboardSamples.Any(sound => sound.IsPlaying));
+            AddStep("setup mod", () =>
+            {
+                ModRateAdjust testedMod = (ModRateAdjust)Activator.CreateInstance(expectedMod).AsNonNull();
+                testedMod.SpeedChange.Value = expectedRate;
+                storyboardMods = new[] { testedMod };
+            });
+
+            createPlayerTest();
+            skipIntro();
+
+            AddAssert("sample playback rate matches mod rates", () => allStoryboardSamples.All(sound =>
+                sound.ChildrenOfType<DrawableSample>().First().AggregateFrequency.Value == expectedRate));
         }
 
+        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindUp), 0.5, 2)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindUp), 1.51, 2)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindDown), 2, 0.5)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(ModWindDown), 0.99, 0.5)]
+        public void TestStoryboardSamplesPlaybackWithTimeRampMods(Type expectedMod, double initialRate, double finalRate)
+        {
+            AddStep("setup mod", () =>
+            {
+                ModTimeRamp testedMod = (ModTimeRamp)Activator.CreateInstance(expectedMod).AsNonNull();
+                testedMod.InitialRate.Value = initialRate;
+                testedMod.FinalRate.Value = finalRate;
+                storyboardMods = new[] { testedMod };
+            });
+
+            createPlayerTest();
+            skipIntro();
+
+            ModTimeRamp gameplayMod = null;
+
+            AddUntilStep("mod speed change updated", () =>
+            {
+                gameplayMod = Player.GameplayState.Mods.OfType<ModTimeRamp>().Single();
+                return gameplayMod.SpeedChange.Value != initialRate;
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("sample playback rate matches mod rates", () => allStoryboardSamples.All(sound =>
+                sound.ChildrenOfType<DrawableSample>().First().AggregateFrequency.Value == gameplayMod.SpeedChange.Value));
+        }
+
+        private void createPlayerTest()
+        {
+            CreateTest(null);
+
+            AddAssert("storyboard loaded", () => Player.Beatmap.Value.Storyboard != null);
+            waitUntilStoryboardSamplesPlay();
+        }
+
+        private void waitUntilStoryboardSamplesPlay() => AddUntilStep("any storyboard samples playing", () => allStoryboardSamples.Any(sound => sound.IsPlaying));
+
+        private void allStoryboardSamplesStopped() => AddAssert("all storyboard samples stopped immediately", () => allStoryboardSamples.All(sound => !sound.IsPlaying));
+
+        private void skipIntro() => AddStep("skip intro", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Space));
+
         private IEnumerable<DrawableStoryboardSample> allStoryboardSamples => Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableStoryboardSample>();
 
         protected override bool AllowFail => false;
 
+        protected override TestPlayer CreatePlayer(Ruleset ruleset)
+        {
+            SelectedMods.Value = SelectedMods.Value.Concat(storyboardMods).ToArray();
+            return new TestPlayer(true, false);
+        }
+
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
-        protected override TestPlayer CreatePlayer(Ruleset ruleset) => new TestPlayer(true, false);
 
         protected override WorkingBeatmap CreateWorkingBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap, Storyboard storyboard = null) =>
             new ClockBackedTestWorkingBeatmap(beatmap, storyboard ?? this.storyboard, Clock, Audio);

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneUnknownMod.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
+{
+    public class TestSceneUnknownMod : ModTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This test also covers the scenario of exiting Player after an unsuccessful beatmap load.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUnknownModDoesntEnterGameplay()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Beatmap = CreateWorkingBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo).Beatmap,
+                Mod = new UnknownMod("WNG"),
+                PassCondition = () => Player.IsLoaded && !Player.LoadedBeatmapSuccessfully
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiSpectatorLeaderboard.cs

@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
                 var scoreProcessor = new OsuScoreProcessor();
                 scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(playable);
 
-                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiSpectatorLeaderboard(scoreProcessor, clocks.Keys.Select(id => new MultiplayerRoomUser(id)).ToArray()) { Expanded = { Value = true } }, Add);
+                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiSpectatorLeaderboard(Ruleset.Value, scoreProcessor, clocks.Keys.Select(id => new MultiplayerRoomUser(id)).ToArray())
+                {
+                    Expanded = { Value = true }
+                }, Add);
             });
 
             AddUntilStep("wait for load", () => leaderboard.IsLoaded);

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerGameplayLeaderboard.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
 
                 scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(playableBeatmap);
 
-                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiplayerGameplayLeaderboard(scoreProcessor, multiplayerUsers.ToArray())
+                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiplayerGameplayLeaderboard(Ruleset.Value, scoreProcessor, multiplayerUsers.ToArray())
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerGameplayLeaderboardTeams.cs

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
 
                 scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(playableBeatmap);
 
-                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiplayerGameplayLeaderboard(scoreProcessor, multiplayerUsers.ToArray())
+                LoadComponentAsync(leaderboard = new MultiplayerGameplayLeaderboard(Ruleset.Value, scoreProcessor, multiplayerUsers.ToArray())
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerReadyButton.cs

@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             Dependencies.Cache(rulesets = new RealmRulesetStore(Realm));
             Dependencies.Cache(beatmaps = new BeatmapManager(LocalStorage, Realm, rulesets, null, audio, Resources, host, Beatmap.Default));
             Dependencies.Cache(Realm);
-
-            beatmaps.Import(TestResources.GetQuickTestBeatmapForImport()).WaitSafely();
         }
 
         [SetUp]
@@ -52,8 +50,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
         {
             AvailabilityTracker.SelectedItem.BindTo(selectedItem);
 
+            beatmaps.Import(TestResources.GetQuickTestBeatmapForImport()).WaitSafely();
             importedSet = beatmaps.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().First();
             Beatmap.Value = beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(importedSet.Beatmaps.First());
+
             selectedItem.Value = new PlaylistItem(Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo)
             {
                 RulesetID = Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.OnlineID
@@ -92,16 +92,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
         {
             OsuButton readyButton = null;
 
-            AddAssert("ensure ready button enabled", () =>
+            AddUntilStep("ensure ready button enabled", () =>
             {
                 readyButton = button.ChildrenOfType<OsuButton>().Single();
                 return readyButton.Enabled.Value;
             });
 
             AddStep("delete beatmap", () => beatmaps.Delete(importedSet));
-            AddAssert("ready button disabled", () => !readyButton.Enabled.Value);
+            AddUntilStep("ready button disabled", () => !readyButton.Enabled.Value);
             AddStep("undelete beatmap", () => beatmaps.Undelete(importedSet));
-            AddAssert("ready button enabled back", () => readyButton.Enabled.Value);
+            AddUntilStep("ready button enabled back", () => readyButton.Enabled.Value);
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneBeatmapDownloadButton.cs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddUntilStep("ensure manager loaded", () => beatmaps != null);
             ensureSoleilyRemoved();
             createButtonWithBeatmap(createSoleily());
-            AddAssert("button state not downloaded", () => downloadButton.DownloadState == DownloadState.NotDownloaded);
+            AddUntilStep("button state not downloaded", () => downloadButton.DownloadState == DownloadState.NotDownloaded);
             AddStep("import soleily", () => beatmaps.Import(TestResources.GetQuickTestBeatmapForImport()));
 
             AddUntilStep("wait for beatmap import", () => beatmaps.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Any(b => b.OnlineID == 241526));
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             createButtonWithBeatmap(createSoleily());
             AddUntilStep("button state downloaded", () => downloadButton.DownloadState == DownloadState.LocallyAvailable);
             ensureSoleilyRemoved();
-            AddAssert("button state not downloaded", () => downloadButton.DownloadState == DownloadState.NotDownloaded);
+            AddUntilStep("button state not downloaded", () => downloadButton.DownloadState == DownloadState.NotDownloaded);
         }
 
         private void ensureSoleilyRemoved()

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneStandAloneChatDisplay.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Chat;
 using osuTK.Input;
@@ -207,7 +206,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         }
 
         [Test]
-        public void TestUserScrollOverride()
+        public void TestOverrideChatScrolling()
+        {
+            fillChat();
+
+            sendMessage();
+            checkScrolledToBottom();
+
+            AddStep("Scroll to start", () => chatDisplay.ScrollContainer.ScrollToStart());
+
+            checkNotScrolledToBottom();
+            sendMessage();
+            checkNotScrolledToBottom();
+
+            AddStep("Scroll to bottom", () => chatDisplay.ScrollContainer.ScrollToEnd());
+
+            checkScrolledToBottom();
+            sendMessage();
+            checkScrolledToBottom();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOverrideChatScrollingByUser()
         {
             fillChat();
 
@@ -314,9 +334,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             {
             }
 
-            protected DrawableChannel DrawableChannel => InternalChildren.OfType<DrawableChannel>().First();
+            public DrawableChannel DrawableChannel => InternalChildren.OfType<DrawableChannel>().First();
 
-            protected UserTrackingScrollContainer ScrollContainer => (UserTrackingScrollContainer)((Container)DrawableChannel.Child).Child;
+            public ChannelScrollContainer ScrollContainer => (ChannelScrollContainer)((Container)DrawableChannel.Child).Child;
 
             public FillFlowContainer FillFlow => (FillFlowContainer)ScrollContainer.Child;
 

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsResultsScreen.cs

@@ -33,16 +33,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
 
         private TestResultsScreen resultsScreen;
 
-        private int currentScoreId;
+        private int lowestScoreId; // Score ID of the lowest score in the list.
+        private int highestScoreId; // Score ID of the highest score in the list.
+
         private bool requestComplete;
         private int totalCount;
+        private ScoreInfo userScore;
 
         [SetUp]
         public void Setup() => Schedule(() =>
         {
-            currentScoreId = 1;
+            lowestScoreId = 1;
+            highestScoreId = 1;
             requestComplete = false;
             totalCount = 0;
+
+            userScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
+            userScore.TotalScore = 0;
+            userScore.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
+
             bindHandler();
 
             // beatmap is required to be an actual beatmap so the scores can get their scores correctly calculated for standardised scoring.
@@ -53,15 +62,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [Test]
         public void TestShowWithUserScore()
         {
-            ScoreInfo userScore = null;
-
-            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () =>
-            {
-                userScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-                userScore.OnlineID = currentScoreId++;
-
-                bindHandler(userScore: userScore);
-            });
+            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(userScore: userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
 
@@ -81,15 +82,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [Test]
         public void TestShowUserScoreWithDelay()
         {
-            ScoreInfo userScore = null;
-
-            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () =>
-            {
-                userScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-                userScore.OnlineID = currentScoreId++;
-
-                bindHandler(true, userScore);
-            });
+            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(true, userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
 
@@ -124,7 +117,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
                 AddAssert("right loading spinner shown", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
                 waitForDisplay();
 
-                AddAssert($"count increased by {scores_per_result}", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() == beforePanelCount + scores_per_result);
+                AddAssert($"count increased by {scores_per_result}", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() >= beforePanelCount + scores_per_result);
                 AddAssert("right loading spinner hidden", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
             }
         }
@@ -132,15 +125,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [Test]
         public void TestFetchWhenScrolledToTheLeft()
         {
-            ScoreInfo userScore = null;
-
-            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () =>
-            {
-                userScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-                userScore.OnlineID = currentScoreId++;
-
-                bindHandler(userScore: userScore);
-            });
+            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(userScore: userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
 
@@ -156,7 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
                 AddAssert("left loading spinner shown", () => resultsScreen.LeftSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
                 waitForDisplay();
 
-                AddAssert($"count increased by {scores_per_result}", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() == beforePanelCount + scores_per_result);
+                AddAssert($"count increased by {scores_per_result}", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() >= beforePanelCount + scores_per_result);
                 AddAssert("left loading spinner hidden", () => resultsScreen.LeftSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
             }
         }
@@ -245,16 +230,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         {
             var multiplayerUserScore = new MultiplayerScore
             {
-                ID = (int)(userScore.OnlineID > 0 ? userScore.OnlineID : currentScoreId++),
+                ID = highestScoreId,
                 Accuracy = userScore.Accuracy,
-                EndedAt = userScore.Date,
                 Passed = userScore.Passed,
                 Rank = userScore.Rank,
                 Position = real_user_position,
                 MaxCombo = userScore.MaxCombo,
-                TotalScore = userScore.TotalScore,
                 User = userScore.User,
-                Statistics = userScore.Statistics,
                 ScoresAround = new MultiplayerScoresAround
                 {
                     Higher = new MultiplayerScores(),
@@ -268,38 +250,32 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             {
                 multiplayerUserScore.ScoresAround.Lower.Scores.Add(new MultiplayerScore
                 {
-                    ID = currentScoreId++,
+                    ID = --highestScoreId,
                     Accuracy = userScore.Accuracy,
-                    EndedAt = userScore.Date,
                     Passed = true,
                     Rank = userScore.Rank,
                     MaxCombo = userScore.MaxCombo,
-                    TotalScore = userScore.TotalScore - i,
                     User = new APIUser
                     {
                         Id = 2,
                         Username = $"peppy{i}",
                         CoverUrl = "https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c3.jpg",
                     },
-                    Statistics = userScore.Statistics
                 });
 
                 multiplayerUserScore.ScoresAround.Higher.Scores.Add(new MultiplayerScore
                 {
-                    ID = currentScoreId++,
+                    ID = ++lowestScoreId,
                     Accuracy = userScore.Accuracy,
-                    EndedAt = userScore.Date,
                     Passed = true,
                     Rank = userScore.Rank,
                     MaxCombo = userScore.MaxCombo,
-                    TotalScore = userScore.TotalScore + i,
                     User = new APIUser
                     {
                         Id = 2,
                         Username = $"peppy{i}",
                         CoverUrl = "https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c3.jpg",
                     },
-                    Statistics = userScore.Statistics
                 });
 
                 totalCount += 2;
@@ -315,33 +291,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         {
             var result = new IndexedMultiplayerScores();
 
-            long startTotalScore = req.Cursor?.Properties["total_score"].ToObject<long>() ?? 1000000;
             string sort = req.IndexParams?.Properties["sort"].ToObject<string>() ?? "score_desc";
 
             for (int i = 1; i <= scores_per_result; i++)
             {
                 result.Scores.Add(new MultiplayerScore
                 {
-                    ID = currentScoreId++,
+                    ID = sort == "score_asc" ? --highestScoreId : ++lowestScoreId,
                     Accuracy = 1,
-                    EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
                     Passed = true,
                     Rank = ScoreRank.X,
                     MaxCombo = 1000,
-                    TotalScore = startTotalScore + (sort == "score_asc" ? i : -i),
                     User = new APIUser
                     {
                         Id = 2,
                         Username = $"peppy{i}",
                         CoverUrl = "https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c3.jpg",
                     },
-                    Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>
-                    {
-                        { HitResult.Miss, 1 },
-                        { HitResult.Meh, 50 },
-                        { HitResult.Good, 100 },
-                        { HitResult.Great, 300 }
-                    }
                 });
 
                 totalCount++;
@@ -367,7 +333,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             {
                 Properties = new Dictionary<string, JToken>
                 {
-                    { "sort", JToken.FromObject(scores.Scores[^1].TotalScore > scores.Scores[^2].TotalScore ? "score_asc" : "score_desc") }
+                    { "sort", JToken.FromObject(scores.Scores[^1].ID > scores.Scores[^2].ID ? "score_asc" : "score_desc") }
                 }
             };
         }

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneHitEventTimingDistributionGraph.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
@@ -17,22 +18,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
 {
     public class TestSceneHitEventTimingDistributionGraph : OsuTestScene
     {
+        private HitEventTimingDistributionGraph graph;
+
+        private static readonly HitObject placeholder_object = new HitCircle();
+
         [Test]
         public void TestManyDistributedEvents()
         {
             createTest(CreateDistributedHitEvents());
+            AddStep("add adjustment", () => graph.UpdateOffset(10));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestManyDistributedEventsOffset()
+        {
+            createTest(CreateDistributedHitEvents(-3.5));
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestAroundCentre()
         {
-            createTest(Enumerable.Range(-150, 300).Select(i => new HitEvent(i / 50f, HitResult.Perfect, new HitCircle(), new HitCircle(), null)).ToList());
+            createTest(Enumerable.Range(-150, 300).Select(i => new HitEvent(i / 50f, HitResult.Perfect, placeholder_object, placeholder_object, null)).ToList());
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestZeroTimeOffset()
         {
-            createTest(Enumerable.Range(0, 100).Select(_ => new HitEvent(0, HitResult.Perfect, new HitCircle(), new HitCircle(), null)).ToList());
+            createTest(Enumerable.Range(0, 100).Select(_ => new HitEvent(0, HitResult.Perfect, placeholder_object, placeholder_object, null)).ToList());
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -47,9 +59,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             createTest(Enumerable.Range(0, 100).Select(i =>
             {
                 if (i % 2 == 0)
-                    return new HitEvent(0, HitResult.Perfect, new HitCircle(), new HitCircle(), null);
+                    return new HitEvent(0, HitResult.Perfect, placeholder_object, placeholder_object, null);
 
-                return new HitEvent(30, HitResult.Miss, new HitCircle(), new HitCircle(), null);
+                return new HitEvent(30, HitResult.Miss, placeholder_object, placeholder_object, null);
             }).ToList());
         }
 
@@ -62,7 +74,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                     Colour = Color4Extensions.FromHex("#333")
                 },
-                new HitEventTimingDistributionGraph(events)
+                graph = new HitEventTimingDistributionGraph(events)
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
@@ -71,16 +83,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             };
         });
 
-        public static List<HitEvent> CreateDistributedHitEvents()
+        public static List<HitEvent> CreateDistributedHitEvents(double centre = 0, double range = 25)
         {
             var hitEvents = new List<HitEvent>();
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < range * 2; i++)
             {
-                int count = (int)(Math.Pow(25 - Math.Abs(i - 25), 2));
+                int count = (int)(Math.Pow(range - Math.Abs(i - range), 2)) / 10;
 
                 for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
-                    hitEvents.Add(new HitEvent(i - 25, HitResult.Perfect, new HitCircle(), new HitCircle(), null));
+                    hitEvents.Add(new HitEvent(centre + i - range, HitResult.Perfect, placeholder_object, placeholder_object, null));
             }
 
             return hitEvents;

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneResultsScreen.cs

@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@ using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
 using osuTK;
@@ -256,6 +259,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             AddAssert("download button is enabled", () => screen.ChildrenOfType<DownloadButton>().Last().Enabled.Value);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestRulesetWithNoPerformanceCalculator()
+        {
+            var ruleset = new RulesetWithNoPerformanceCalculator();
+            var score = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo(ruleset.RulesetInfo);
+
+            AddStep("load results", () => Child = new TestResultsContainer(createResultsScreen(score)));
+            AddUntilStep("wait for load", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanelList>().Single().AllPanelsVisible);
+
+            AddAssert("PP displayed as 0", () =>
+            {
+                var performance = this.ChildrenOfType<PerformanceStatistic>().Single();
+                var counter = performance.ChildrenOfType<StatisticCounter>().Single();
+                return counter.Current.Value == 0;
+            });
+        }
+
         private TestResultsScreen createResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score = null) => new TestResultsScreen(score ?? TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo());
 
         private UnrankedSoloResultsScreen createUnrankedSoloResultsScreen() => new UnrankedSoloResultsScreen(TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo());
@@ -367,5 +387,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
                 RetryOverlay = InternalChildren.OfType<HotkeyRetryOverlay>().SingleOrDefault();
             }
         }
+
+        private class RulesetWithNoPerformanceCalculator : OsuRuleset
+        {
+            public override PerformanceCalculator CreatePerformanceCalculator(DifficultyAttributes attributes, ScoreInfo score) => null;
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneScorePanelList.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Models;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
@@ -208,13 +210,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
         public void TestKeyboardNavigation()
         {
             var lowestScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-            lowestScore.MaxCombo = 100;
+            lowestScore.OnlineID = 3;
+            lowestScore.TotalScore = 0;
+            lowestScore.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
 
             var middleScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-            middleScore.MaxCombo = 200;
+            middleScore.OnlineID = 2;
+            middleScore.TotalScore = 0;
+            middleScore.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
 
             var highestScore = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
-            highestScore.MaxCombo = 300;
+            highestScore.OnlineID = 1;
+            highestScore.TotalScore = 0;
+            highestScore.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
 
             createListStep(() => new ScorePanelList());
 

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneBeatmapLeaderboard.cs

@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
             AddStep(@"Network failure", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.NetworkFailure));
             AddStep(@"No supporter", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.NotSupporter));
             AddStep(@"Not logged in", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.NotLoggedIn));
-            AddStep(@"Unavailable", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.Unavailable));
+            AddStep(@"Ruleset unavailable", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.RulesetUnavailable));
+            AddStep(@"Beatmap unavailable", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.BeatmapUnavailable));
             AddStep(@"None selected", () => leaderboard.SetErrorState(LeaderboardState.NoneSelected));
         }
 

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestScenePlaySongSelect.cs

@@ -284,14 +284,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
         public void TestDummy()
         {
             createSongSelect();
-            AddAssert("dummy selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap == defaultBeatmap);
+            AddUntilStep("dummy selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap == defaultBeatmap);
 
             AddUntilStep("dummy shown on wedge", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmapDetailsBeatmap == defaultBeatmap);
 
             addManyTestMaps();
-            AddWaitStep("wait for select", 3);
 
-            AddAssert("random map selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap != defaultBeatmap);
+            AddUntilStep("random map selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap != defaultBeatmap);
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -299,9 +298,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
         {
             createSongSelect();
             addManyTestMaps();
-            AddWaitStep("wait for add", 3);
 
-            AddAssert("random map selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap != defaultBeatmap);
+            AddUntilStep("random map selected", () => songSelect.CurrentBeatmap != defaultBeatmap);
 
             AddStep(@"Sort by Artist", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.SongSelectSortingMode, SortMode.Artist));
             AddStep(@"Sort by Title", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.SongSelectSortingMode, SortMode.Title));
@@ -571,6 +569,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
 
             createSongSelect();
 
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selection", () => !Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
             AddStep("press ctrl+enter", () =>
             {
                 InputManager.PressKey(Key.ControlLeft);
@@ -605,6 +605,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
             addRulesetImportStep(0);
             createSongSelect();
 
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selection", () => !Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
             DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet set = null;
             AddStep("Find the DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet", () =>
             {
@@ -844,6 +846,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
 
             createSongSelect();
 
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selection", () => !Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
             AddStep("present score", () =>
             {
                 // this beatmap change should be overridden by the present.

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneTopLocalRank.cs

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
             });
 
             AddUntilStep("Became present", () => topLocalRank.IsPresent);
-            AddAssert("Correct rank", () => topLocalRank.Rank == ScoreRank.B);
+            AddUntilStep("Correct rank", () => topLocalRank.Rank == ScoreRank.B);
 
             AddStep("Add higher score for current user", () =>
             {
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
                 scoreManager.Import(testScoreInfo2);
             });
 
-            AddAssert("Correct rank", () => topLocalRank.Rank == ScoreRank.S);
+            AddUntilStep("Correct rank", () => topLocalRank.Rank == ScoreRank.S);
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneDifficultyMultiplierDisplay.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSceneDifficultyMultiplierDisplay : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        [Cached]
+        private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Green);
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDifficultyMultiplierDisplay()
+        {
+            DifficultyMultiplierDisplay multiplierDisplay = null;
+
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = multiplierDisplay = new DifficultyMultiplierDisplay
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set multiplier below 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 0.5);
+            AddStep("set multiplier to 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 1);
+            AddStep("set multiplier above 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 1.5);
+
+            AddSliderStep("set multiplier", 0, 2, 1d, multiplier =>
+            {
+                if (multiplierDisplay != null)
+                    multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = multiplier;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneModColumn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko;
+using osuTK.Input;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSceneModColumn : OsuManualInputManagerTestScene
+    {
+        [Cached]
+        private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Green);
+
+        [TestCase(ModType.DifficultyReduction)]
+        [TestCase(ModType.DifficultyIncrease)]
+        [TestCase(ModType.Conversion)]
+        [TestCase(ModType.Automation)]
+        [TestCase(ModType.Fun)]
+        public void TestBasic(ModType modType)
+        {
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding(30),
+                Child = new ModColumn(modType, false)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddStep("change ruleset to osu!", () => Ruleset.Value = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+            AddStep("change ruleset to taiko", () => Ruleset.Value = new TaikoRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+            AddStep("change ruleset to catch", () => Ruleset.Value = new CatchRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+            AddStep("change ruleset to mania", () => Ruleset.Value = new ManiaRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMultiSelection()
+        {
+            ModColumn column = null;
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding(30),
+                Child = column = new ModColumn(ModType.DifficultyIncrease, true)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for panel load", () => column.IsLoaded && column.ItemsLoaded);
+
+            clickToggle();
+            AddUntilStep("all panels selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().All(panel => panel.Active.Value));
+
+            clickToggle();
+            AddUntilStep("all panels deselected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().All(panel => !panel.Active.Value));
+
+            AddStep("manually activate all panels", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().ForEach(panel => panel.Active.Value = true));
+            AddUntilStep("checkbox selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().Current.Value);
+
+            AddStep("deselect first panel", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().First().Active.Value = false);
+            AddUntilStep("checkbox not selected", () => !this.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().Current.Value);
+
+            void clickToggle() => AddStep("click toggle", () =>
+            {
+                var checkbox = this.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(checkbox);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestFiltering()
+        {
+            TestModColumn column = null;
+
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding(30),
+                Child = column = new TestModColumn(ModType.Fun, true)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set filter", () => column.Filter = mod => mod.Name.Contains("Wind", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase));
+            AddUntilStep("two panels visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Count(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value) == 2);
+
+            clickToggle();
+            AddUntilStep("wait for animation", () => !column.SelectionAnimationRunning);
+            AddAssert("only visible items selected", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Where(panel => panel.Active.Value).All(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value));
+
+            AddStep("unset filter", () => column.Filter = null);
+            AddUntilStep("all panels visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().All(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value));
+            AddAssert("checkbox not selected", () => !column.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().Current.Value);
+
+            AddStep("set filter", () => column.Filter = mod => mod.Name.Contains("Wind", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase));
+            AddUntilStep("two panels visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Count(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value) == 2);
+            AddAssert("checkbox selected", () => column.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().Current.Value);
+
+            AddStep("filter out everything", () => column.Filter = _ => false);
+            AddUntilStep("no panels visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().All(panel => panel.Filtered.Value));
+            AddUntilStep("checkbox hidden", () => !column.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().IsPresent);
+
+            AddStep("inset filter", () => column.Filter = null);
+            AddUntilStep("all panels visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().All(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value));
+            AddUntilStep("checkbox visible", () => column.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single().IsPresent);
+
+            void clickToggle() => AddStep("click toggle", () =>
+            {
+                var checkbox = this.ChildrenOfType<OsuCheckbox>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(checkbox);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestKeyboardSelection()
+        {
+            ModColumn column = null;
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding(30),
+                Child = column = new ModColumn(ModType.DifficultyReduction, true, new[] { Key.Q, Key.W, Key.E, Key.R, Key.T, Key.Y, Key.U, Key.I, Key.O, Key.P })
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for panel load", () => column.IsLoaded && column.ItemsLoaded);
+
+            AddStep("press W", () => InputManager.Key(Key.W));
+            AddAssert("NF panel selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Single(panel => panel.Mod.Acronym == "NF").Active.Value);
+
+            AddStep("press W again", () => InputManager.Key(Key.W));
+            AddAssert("NF panel deselected", () => !this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Single(panel => panel.Mod.Acronym == "NF").Active.Value);
+
+            AddStep("set filter to NF", () => column.Filter = mod => mod.Acronym == "NF");
+
+            AddStep("press W", () => InputManager.Key(Key.W));
+            AddAssert("NF panel selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Single(panel => panel.Mod.Acronym == "NF").Active.Value);
+
+            AddStep("press W again", () => InputManager.Key(Key.W));
+            AddAssert("NF panel deselected", () => !this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Single(panel => panel.Mod.Acronym == "NF").Active.Value);
+
+            AddStep("filter out everything", () => column.Filter = _ => false);
+
+            AddStep("press W", () => InputManager.Key(Key.W));
+            AddAssert("NF panel not selected", () => !this.ChildrenOfType<ModPanel>().Single(panel => panel.Mod.Acronym == "NF").Active.Value);
+
+            AddStep("clear filter", () => column.Filter = null);
+        }
+
+        private class TestModColumn : ModColumn
+        {
+            public new bool SelectionAnimationRunning => base.SelectionAnimationRunning;
+
+            public TestModColumn(ModType modType, bool allowBulkSelection)
+                : base(modType, allowBulkSelection)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestScenePopupScreenTitle.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Overlays;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestScenePopupScreenTitle : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        [Cached]
+        private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Green);
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPopupScreenTitle()
+        {
+            AddStep("create content", () =>
+            {
+                Child = new PopupScreenTitle
+                {
+                    Title = "Popup Screen Title",
+                    Description = string.Join(" ", Enumerable.Repeat("This is a description.", 20)),
+                    Close = () => { }
+                };
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDisabledExit()
+        {
+            AddStep("create content", () =>
+            {
+                Child = new PopupScreenTitle
+                {
+                    Title = "Popup Screen Title",
+                    Description = "This is a description."
+                };
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/osu.Game.Tests.csproj

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="2.1.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.16.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>

osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/Components/TestSceneSongBar.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osu.Game.Tournament.Components;
+using osu.Game.Tournament.Models;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.Components
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSceneSongBar : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        [Cached]
+        private readonly LadderInfo ladder = new LadderInfo();
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSongBar()
+        {
+            SongBar songBar = null;
+
+            AddStep("create bar", () => Child = songBar = new SongBar
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("wait for loaded", () => songBar.IsLoaded);
+
+            AddStep("set beatmap", () =>
+            {
+                var beatmap = CreateAPIBeatmap(Ruleset.Value);
+                beatmap.CircleSize = 3.4f;
+                beatmap.ApproachRate = 6.8f;
+                beatmap.OverallDifficulty = 5.5f;
+                beatmap.StarRating = 4.56f;
+                beatmap.Length = 123456;
+                beatmap.BPM = 133;
+
+                songBar.Beatmap = beatmap;
+            });
+            AddStep("set mods to HR", () => songBar.Mods = LegacyMods.HardRock);
+            AddStep("set mods to DT", () => songBar.Mods = LegacyMods.DoubleTime);
+            AddStep("unset mods", () => songBar.Mods = LegacyMods.None);
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tournament/Components/SongBar.cs

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Components
                                         Children = new Drawable[]
                                         {
                                             new DiffPiece(stats),
-                                            new DiffPiece(("Star Rating", $"{beatmap.StarRating:0.#}{srExtra}"))
+                                            new DiffPiece(("Star Rating", $"{beatmap.StarRating:0.##}{srExtra}"))
                                         }
                                     },
                                     new FillFlowContainer

osu.Game.Tournament/Components/TournamentBeatmapPanel.cs

@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Components
 
         private readonly string mod;
 
-        private const float horizontal_padding = 10;
-        private const float vertical_padding = 10;
-
         public const float HEIGHT = 50;
 
         private readonly Bindable<TournamentMatch> currentMatch = new Bindable<TournamentMatch>();

osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapInfo.cs

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
         [Backlink(nameof(ScoreInfo.BeatmapInfo))]
         public IQueryable<ScoreInfo> Scores { get; } = null!;
 
+        public BeatmapUserSettings UserSettings { get; set; } = null!;
+
         public BeatmapInfo(RulesetInfo? ruleset = null, BeatmapDifficulty? difficulty = null, BeatmapMetadata? metadata = null)
         {
             ID = Guid.NewGuid();
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
             };
             Difficulty = difficulty ?? new BeatmapDifficulty();
             Metadata = metadata ?? new BeatmapMetadata();
+            UserSettings = new BeatmapUserSettings();
         }
 
         [UsedImplicitly]

osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapUserSettings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+#nullable enable
+using Realms;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// User settings overrides that are attached to a beatmap.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class BeatmapUserSettings : EmbeddedObject
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An audio offset that can be used for timing adjustments.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double Offset { get; set; }
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Beatmaps/ControlPoints/ControlPointInfo.cs

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints
             int closestDivisor = 0;
             double closestTime = double.MaxValue;
 
-            foreach (int divisor in BindableBeatDivisor.VALID_DIVISORS)
+            foreach (int divisor in BindableBeatDivisor.PREDEFINED_DIVISORS)
             {
                 double distanceFromSnap = Math.Abs(time - getClosestSnappedTime(timingPoint, time, divisor));
 

osu.Game/Beatmaps/DifficultyRecommender.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
             requestedUserId = api.LocalUser.Value.Id;
 
             // only query API for built-in rulesets
-            rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Where(ruleset => ruleset.OnlineID >= 0 && ruleset.OnlineID <= ILegacyRuleset.MAX_LEGACY_RULESET_ID).ForEach(rulesetInfo =>
+            rulesets.AvailableRulesets.Where(ruleset => ruleset.IsLegacyRuleset()).ForEach(rulesetInfo =>
             {
                 var req = new GetUserRequest(api.LocalUser.Value.Id, rulesetInfo);
 

osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
 
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.UIScale, 1f, 0.8f, 1.6f, 0.01f);
 
-            SetDefault(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay, 200f, 0f, 500f, 50f);
+            SetDefault(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay, 200.0, 0.0, 500.0, 50.0);
 
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.IntroSequence, IntroSequence.Triangles);
 
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
             };
         }
 
-        public Func<Guid, string> LookupSkinName { private get; set; }
+        public Func<Guid, string> LookupSkinName { private get; set; } = _ => @"unknown";
 
-        public Func<GlobalAction, LocalisableString> LookupKeyBindings { get; set; }
+        public Func<GlobalAction, LocalisableString> LookupKeyBindings { get; set; } = _ => @"unknown";
     }
 
     // IMPORTANT: These are used in user configuration files.
@@ -270,7 +270,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
         MouseDisableButtons,
         MouseDisableWheel,
         ConfineMouseMode,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Globally applied audio offset.
+        /// This is added to the audio track's current time. Higher values will cause gameplay to occur earlier, relative to the audio track.
+        /// </summary>
         AudioOffset,
+
         VolumeInactive,
         MenuMusic,
         MenuVoice,

osu.Game/Database/RealmAccess.cs

@@ -3,25 +3,28 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Development;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Framework.Statistics;
-using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Game.Models;
-using osu.Game.Skinning;
-using osu.Game.Stores;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Skinning;
+using osu.Game.Stores;
 using Realms;
 using Realms.Exceptions;
 
@@ -53,8 +56,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         /// 11   2021-11-22    Use ShortName instead of RulesetID for ruleset key bindings.
         /// 12   2021-11-24    Add Status to RealmBeatmapSet.
         /// 13   2022-01-13    Final migration of beatmaps and scores to realm (multiple new storage fields).
+        /// 14   2022-03-01    Added BeatmapUserSettings to BeatmapInfo.
         /// </summary>
-        private const int schema_version = 13;
+        private const int schema_version = 14;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Lock object which is held during <see cref="BlockAllOperations"/> sections, blocking realm retrieval during blocking periods.
@@ -85,6 +89,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
 
         private static readonly GlobalStatistic<int> total_subscriptions = GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(@"Realm", @"Subscriptions");
 
+        private static readonly GlobalStatistic<int> total_reads_update = GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(@"Realm", @"Reads (Update)");
+
+        private static readonly GlobalStatistic<int> total_reads_async = GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(@"Realm", @"Reads (Async)");
+
+        private static readonly GlobalStatistic<int> total_writes_update = GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(@"Realm", @"Writes (Update)");
+
+        private static readonly GlobalStatistic<int> total_writes_async = GlobalStatistics.Get<int>(@"Realm", @"Writes (Async)");
+
         private readonly object realmLock = new object();
 
         private Realm? updateRealm;
@@ -93,6 +105,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
 
         public Realm Realm => ensureUpdateRealm();
 
+        private const string realm_extension = @".realm";
+
         private Realm ensureUpdateRealm()
         {
             if (isSendingNotificationResetEvents)
@@ -137,11 +151,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
 
             Filename = filename;
 
-            const string realm_extension = @".realm";
-
             if (!Filename.EndsWith(realm_extension, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                 Filename += realm_extension;
 
+            string newerVersionFilename = $"{Filename.Replace(realm_extension, string.Empty)}_newer_version{realm_extension}";
+
+            // Attempt to recover a newer database version if available.
+            if (storage.Exists(newerVersionFilename))
+            {
+                Logger.Log(@"A newer realm database has been found, attempting recovery...", LoggingTarget.Database);
+                attemptRecoverFromFile(newerVersionFilename);
+            }
+
             try
             {
                 // This method triggers the first `getRealmInstance` call, which will implicitly run realm migrations and bring the schema up-to-date.
@@ -149,15 +170,78 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
-                Logger.Error(e, "Realm startup failed with unrecoverable error; starting with a fresh database. A backup of your database has been made.");
+                // See https://github.com/realm/realm-core/blob/master/src%2Frealm%2Fobject-store%2Fobject_store.cpp#L1016-L1022
+                // This is the best way we can detect a schema version downgrade.
+                if (e.Message.StartsWith(@"Provided schema version", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                {
+                    Logger.Error(e, "Your local database is too new to work with this version of osu!. Please close osu! and install the latest release to recover your data.");
 
-                CreateBackup($"{Filename.Replace(realm_extension, string.Empty)}_{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds()}_corrupt{realm_extension}");
-                storage.Delete(Filename);
+                    // If a newer version database already exists, don't backup again. We can presume that the first backup is the one we care about.
+                    if (!storage.Exists(newerVersionFilename))
+                        CreateBackup(newerVersionFilename);
+
+                    storage.Delete(Filename);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Logger.Error(e, "Realm startup failed with unrecoverable error; starting with a fresh database. A backup of your database has been made.");
+                    CreateBackup($"{Filename.Replace(realm_extension, string.Empty)}_{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds()}_corrupt{realm_extension}");
+                    storage.Delete(Filename);
+                }
 
                 cleanupPendingDeletions();
             }
         }
 
+        private void attemptRecoverFromFile(string recoveryFilename)
+        {
+            Logger.Log($@"Performing recovery from {recoveryFilename}", LoggingTarget.Database);
+
+            // First check the user hasn't started to use the database that is in place..
+            try
+            {
+                using (var realm = Realm.GetInstance(getConfiguration()))
+                {
+                    if (realm.All<ScoreInfo>().Any())
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log(@"Recovery aborted as the existing database has scores set already.", LoggingTarget.Database);
+                        Logger.Log(@"To perform recovery, delete client.realm while osu! is not running.", LoggingTarget.Database);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Even if reading the in place database fails, still attempt to recover.
+            }
+
+            // Then check that the database we are about to attempt recovery can actually be recovered on this version..
+            try
+            {
+                using (Realm.GetInstance(getConfiguration(recoveryFilename)))
+                {
+                    // Don't need to do anything, just check that opening the realm works correctly.
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                Logger.Log(@"Recovery aborted as the newer version could not be loaded by this osu! version.", LoggingTarget.Database);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // For extra safety, also store the temporarily-used database which we are about to replace.
+            CreateBackup($"{Filename.Replace(realm_extension, string.Empty)}_{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds()}_newer_version_before_recovery{realm_extension}");
+
+            storage.Delete(Filename);
+
+            using (var inputStream = storage.GetStream(recoveryFilename))
+            using (var outputStream = storage.GetStream(Filename, FileAccess.Write, FileMode.Create))
+                inputStream.CopyTo(outputStream);
+
+            storage.Delete(recoveryFilename);
+            Logger.Log(@"Recovery complete!", LoggingTarget.Database);
+        }
+
         private void cleanupPendingDeletions()
         {
             using (var realm = getRealmInstance())
@@ -213,8 +297,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         public T Run<T>(Func<Realm, T> action)
         {
             if (ThreadSafety.IsUpdateThread)
+            {
+                total_reads_update.Value++;
                 return action(Realm);
+            }
 
+            total_reads_async.Value++;
             using (var realm = getRealmInstance())
                 return action(realm);
         }
@@ -226,9 +314,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         public void Run(Action<Realm> action)
         {
             if (ThreadSafety.IsUpdateThread)
+            {
+                total_reads_update.Value++;
                 action(Realm);
+            }
             else
             {
+                total_reads_async.Value++;
                 using (var realm = getRealmInstance())
                     action(realm);
             }
@@ -241,14 +333,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         public void Write(Action<Realm> action)
         {
             if (ThreadSafety.IsUpdateThread)
+            {
+                total_writes_update.Value++;
                 Realm.Write(action);
+            }
             else
             {
+                total_writes_async.Value++;
+
                 using (var realm = getRealmInstance())
                     realm.Write(action);
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Write changes to realm asynchronously, guaranteeing order of execution.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="action">The work to run.</param>
+        public async Task WriteAsync(Action<Realm> action)
+        {
+            total_writes_async.Value++;
+            using (var realm = getRealmInstance())
+                await realm.WriteAsync(action);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Subscribe to a realm collection and begin watching for asynchronous changes.
         /// </summary>
@@ -284,6 +392,66 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Subscribe to the property of a realm object to watch for changes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// On subscribing, unless the <paramref name="modelAccessor"/> does not match an object, an initial invocation of <paramref name="onChanged"/> will occur immediately.
+        /// Further invocations will occur when the value changes, but may also fire on a realm recycle with no actual value change.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="modelAccessor">A function to retrieve the relevant model from realm.</param>
+        /// <param name="propertyLookup">A function to traverse to the relevant property from the model.</param>
+        /// <param name="onChanged">A function to be invoked when a change of value occurs.</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="TModel">The type of the model.</typeparam>
+        /// <typeparam name="TProperty">The type of the property to be watched.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A subscription token. It must be kept alive for as long as you want to receive change notifications.
+        /// To stop receiving notifications, call <see cref="IDisposable.Dispose"/>.
+        /// </returns>
+        public IDisposable SubscribeToPropertyChanged<TModel, TProperty>(Func<Realm, TModel?> modelAccessor, Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> propertyLookup, Action<TProperty> onChanged)
+            where TModel : RealmObjectBase
+        {
+            return RegisterCustomSubscription(r =>
+            {
+                string propertyName = getMemberName(propertyLookup);
+
+                var model = Run(modelAccessor);
+                var propLookupCompiled = propertyLookup.Compile();
+
+                if (model == null)
+                    return null;
+
+                model.PropertyChanged += onPropertyChanged;
+
+                // Update initial value immediately.
+                onChanged(propLookupCompiled(model));
+
+                return new InvokeOnDisposal(() => model.PropertyChanged -= onPropertyChanged);
+
+                void onPropertyChanged(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs args)
+                {
+                    if (args.PropertyName == propertyName)
+                        onChanged(propLookupCompiled(model));
+                }
+            });
+
+            static string getMemberName(Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> expression)
+            {
+                if (!(expression is LambdaExpression lambda))
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Outermost expression must be a lambda expression", nameof(expression));
+
+                if (!(lambda.Body is MemberExpression memberExpression))
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Lambda body must be a member access expression", nameof(expression));
+
+                // TODO: nested access can be supported, with more iteration here
+                // (need to iteratively soft-cast `memberExpression.Expression` into `MemberExpression`s until `lambda.Parameters[0]` is hit)
+                if (memberExpression.Expression != lambda.Parameters[0])
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Nested access expressions are not supported", nameof(expression));
+
+                return memberExpression.Member.Name;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Run work on realm that will be run every time the update thread realm instance gets recycled.
         /// </summary>
@@ -380,7 +548,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             }
         }
 
-        private RealmConfiguration getConfiguration()
+        private RealmConfiguration getConfiguration(string? filename = null)
         {
             // This is currently the only usage of temporary files at the osu! side.
             // If we use the temporary folder in more situations in the future, this should be moved to a higher level (helper method or OsuGameBase).
@@ -388,7 +556,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             if (!Directory.Exists(tempPathLocation))
                 Directory.CreateDirectory(tempPathLocation);
 
-            return new RealmConfiguration(storage.GetFullPath(Filename, true))
+            return new RealmConfiguration(storage.GetFullPath(filename ?? Filename, true))
             {
                 SchemaVersion = schema_version,
                 MigrationCallback = onMigration,
@@ -531,6 +699,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
                     }
 
                     break;
+
+                case 14:
+                    foreach (var beatmap in migration.NewRealm.All<BeatmapInfo>())
+                        beatmap.UserSettings = new BeatmapUserSettings();
+                    break;
             }
         }
 

osu.Game/Database/RealmExtensions.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 using System;
 using Realms;
 
+#nullable enable
+
 namespace osu.Game.Database
 {
     public static class RealmExtensions
@@ -22,5 +24,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             transaction.Commit();
             return result;
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether the provided change set has changes to the top level collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Realm subscriptions fire on both collection and property changes (including *all* nested properties).
+        /// Quite often we only care about changes at a collection level. This can be used to guard and early-return when no such changes are in a callback.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static bool HasCollectionChanges(this ChangeSet changes) => changes.InsertedIndices.Length > 0 || changes.DeletedIndices.Length > 0 || changes.Moves.Length > 0;
     }
 }

osu.Game/Database/RealmObjectExtensions.cs

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             c.CreateMap<BeatmapInfo, BeatmapInfo>()
              .ForMember(s => s.Ruleset, cc => cc.Ignore())
              .ForMember(s => s.Metadata, cc => cc.Ignore())
+             .ForMember(s => s.UserSettings, cc => cc.Ignore())
              .ForMember(s => s.Difficulty, cc => cc.Ignore())
              .ForMember(s => s.BeatmapSet, cc => cc.Ignore())
              .AfterMap((s, d) =>
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
 
             c.CreateMap<RealmKeyBinding, RealmKeyBinding>();
             c.CreateMap<BeatmapMetadata, BeatmapMetadata>();
+            c.CreateMap<BeatmapUserSettings, BeatmapUserSettings>();
             c.CreateMap<BeatmapDifficulty, BeatmapDifficulty>();
             c.CreateMap<RulesetInfo, RulesetInfo>();
             c.CreateMap<ScoreInfo, ScoreInfo>();

osu.Game/Extensions/ModelExtensions.cs

@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Extensions
             return result;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check whether this <see cref="IRulesetInfo"/>'s online ID is within the range that defines it as a legacy ruleset (ie. either osu!, osu!taiko, osu!catch or osu!mania).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsLegacyRuleset(this IRulesetInfo ruleset) => ruleset.OnlineID >= 0 && ruleset.OnlineID <= ILegacyRuleset.MAX_LEGACY_RULESET_ID;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Check whether the online ID of two <see cref="IBeatmapSetInfo"/>s match.
         /// </summary>

osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/BeatmapBackgroundWithStoryboard.cs

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 
 #nullable enable
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Timing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Storyboards.Drawables;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
@@ -20,6 +23,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
         [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
         private MusicController? musicController { get; set; }
 
+        [Resolved]
+        private IBindable<IReadOnlyList<Mod>> mods { get; set; } = null!;
+
         public BeatmapBackgroundWithStoryboard(WorkingBeatmap beatmap, string fallbackTextureName = "Backgrounds/bg1")
             : base(beatmap, fallbackTextureName)
         {
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 Volume = { Value = 0 },
-                Child = new DrawableStoryboard(Beatmap.Storyboard) { Clock = storyboardClock }
+                Child = new DrawableStoryboard(Beatmap.Storyboard, mods.Value) { Clock = storyboardClock }
             }, AddInternal);
         }
 

osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/HoldToConfirmContainer.cs

@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         public Bindable<double> Progress = new BindableDouble();
 
-        private Bindable<float> holdActivationDelay;
+        private Bindable<double> holdActivationDelay;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuConfigManager config)
         {
-            holdActivationDelay = config.GetBindable<float>(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay);
+            holdActivationDelay = config.GetBindable<double>(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay);
         }
 
         protected void BeginConfirm()

osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/ScalingContainer.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Screens;
@@ -38,24 +39,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         private BackgroundScreenStack backgroundStack;
 
-        private bool allowScaling = true;
+        private RectangleF? customRect;
+        private bool customRectIsRelativePosition;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Whether user scaling preferences should be applied. Enabled by default.
+        /// Set a custom position and scale which overrides any user specification.
         /// </summary>
-        public bool AllowScaling
+        /// <param name="rect">A rectangle with positional and sizing information for this container to conform to. <c>null</c> will clear the custom rect and revert to user settings.</param>
+        /// <param name="relativePosition">Whether the position portion of the provided rect is in relative coordinate space or not.</param>
+        public void SetCustomRect(RectangleF? rect, bool relativePosition = false)
         {
-            get => allowScaling;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == allowScaling)
-                    return;
+            customRect = rect;
+            customRectIsRelativePosition = relativePosition;
 
-                allowScaling = value;
-                if (IsLoaded) Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSize);
-            }
+            if (IsLoaded) Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSize);
         }
 
+        private const float corner_radius = 10;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new instance.
         /// </summary>
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both,
-                CornerRadius = 10,
+                CornerRadius = corner_radius,
                 Child = content = new ScalingDrawSizePreservingFillContainer(targetMode != ScalingMode.Gameplay)
             };
         }
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         private void updateSize()
         {
-            const float fade_time = 500;
+            const float duration = 500;
 
             if (targetMode == ScalingMode.Everything)
             {
@@ -156,17 +157,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
                         backgroundStack.Push(new ScalingBackgroundScreen());
                     }
 
-                    backgroundStack.FadeIn(fade_time);
+                    backgroundStack.FadeIn(duration);
                 }
                 else
-                    backgroundStack?.FadeOut(fade_time);
+                    backgroundStack?.FadeOut(duration);
             }
 
-            bool scaling = AllowScaling && (targetMode == null || scalingMode.Value == targetMode);
+            RectangleF targetRect = new RectangleF(Vector2.Zero, Vector2.One);
 
-            var targetSize = scaling ? new Vector2(sizeX.Value, sizeY.Value) : Vector2.One;
-            var targetPosition = scaling ? new Vector2(posX.Value, posY.Value) * (Vector2.One - targetSize) : Vector2.Zero;
-            bool requiresMasking = (scaling && targetSize != Vector2.One)
+            if (customRect != null)
+            {
+                sizableContainer.RelativePositionAxes = customRectIsRelativePosition ? Axes.Both : Axes.None;
+
+                targetRect = customRect.Value;
+            }
+            else if (targetMode == null || scalingMode.Value == targetMode)
+            {
+                sizableContainer.RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both;
+
+                Vector2 scale = new Vector2(sizeX.Value, sizeY.Value);
+                Vector2 pos = new Vector2(posX.Value, posY.Value) * (Vector2.One - scale);
+
+                targetRect = new RectangleF(pos, scale);
+            }
+
+            bool requiresMasking = targetRect.Size != Vector2.One
                                    // For the top level scaling container, for now we apply masking if safe areas are in use.
                                    // In the future this can likely be removed as more of the actual UI supports overflowing into the safe areas.
                                    || (targetMode == ScalingMode.Everything && safeAreaPadding.Value.Total != Vector2.Zero);
@@ -174,8 +189,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
             if (requiresMasking)
                 sizableContainer.Masking = true;
 
-            sizableContainer.MoveTo(targetPosition, 500, Easing.OutQuart);
-            sizableContainer.ResizeTo(targetSize, 500, Easing.OutQuart).OnComplete(_ => { sizableContainer.Masking = requiresMasking; });
+            sizableContainer.MoveTo(targetRect.Location, duration, Easing.OutQuart);
+            sizableContainer.ResizeTo(targetRect.Size, duration, Easing.OutQuart);
+
+            // Of note, this will not work great in the case of nested ScalingContainers where multiple are applying corner radius.
+            // Masking and corner radius should likely only be applied at one point in the full game stack to fix this.
+            // An example of how this can occur is when the skin editor is visible and the game screen scaling is set to "Everything".
+            sizableContainer.TransformTo(nameof(CornerRadius), requiresMasking ? corner_radius : 0, duration, requiresMasking ? Easing.OutQuart : Easing.None)
+                            .OnComplete(_ => { sizableContainer.Masking = requiresMasking; });
         }
 
         private class ScalingBackgroundScreen : BackgroundScreenDefault

osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/UserTrackingScrollContainer.cs

@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
         /// </summary>
         public bool UserScrolling { get; private set; }
 
-        public void CancelUserScroll() => UserScrolling = false;
-
         public UserTrackingScrollContainer()
         {
         }

osu.Game/Graphics/Cursor/MenuCursor.cs

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Cursor
             // Scale to [-0.75, 0.75] so that the sample isn't fully panned left or right (sounds weird)
             channel.Balance.Value = ((activeCursor.X / DrawWidth) * 2 - 1) * 0.75;
             channel.Frequency.Value = baseFrequency - (random_range / 2f) + RNG.NextDouble(random_range);
+            channel.Volume.Value = baseFrequency;
 
             channel.Play();
         }

osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuSliderBar.cs

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            CurrentNumber.BindValueChanged(current => updateTooltipText(current.NewValue), true);
+            CurrentNumber.BindValueChanged(current => TooltipText = getTooltipText(current.NewValue), true);
         }
 
         protected override bool OnHover(HoverEvent e)
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         {
             base.OnUserChange(value);
             playSample(value);
-            updateTooltipText(value);
+            TooltipText = getTooltipText(value);
         }
 
         private void playSample(T value)
@@ -203,28 +203,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
             channel.Play();
         }
 
-        private void updateTooltipText(T value)
+        private LocalisableString getTooltipText(T value)
         {
             if (CurrentNumber.IsInteger)
-                TooltipText = value.ToInt32(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo).ToString("N0");
-            else
-            {
-                double floatValue = value.ToDouble(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
+                return value.ToInt32(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo).ToString("N0");
 
-                if (DisplayAsPercentage)
-                {
-                    TooltipText = floatValue.ToString("0%");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    decimal decimalPrecision = normalise(CurrentNumber.Precision.ToDecimal(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo), max_decimal_digits);
+            double floatValue = value.ToDouble(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
 
-                    // Find the number of significant digits (we could have less than 5 after normalize())
-                    int significantDigits = FormatUtils.FindPrecision(decimalPrecision);
+            if (DisplayAsPercentage)
+                return floatValue.ToString("0%");
 
-                    TooltipText = floatValue.ToString($"N{significantDigits}");
-                }
-            }
+            decimal decimalPrecision = normalise(CurrentNumber.Precision.ToDecimal(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo), max_decimal_digits);
+
+            // Find the number of significant digits (we could have less than 5 after normalize())
+            int significantDigits = FormatUtils.FindPrecision(decimalPrecision);
+
+            return floatValue.ToString($"N{significantDigits}");
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()

osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/PopupScreenTitle.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Effects;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
+{
+    public class PopupScreenTitle : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        public LocalisableString Title
+        {
+            set => titleSpriteText.Text = value;
+        }
+
+        public LocalisableString Description
+        {
+            set => descriptionText.Text = value;
+        }
+
+        public Action? Close
+        {
+            get => closeButton.Action;
+            set => closeButton.Action = value;
+        }
+
+        private const float corner_radius = 14;
+        private const float main_area_height = 70;
+
+        private readonly Container underlayContainer;
+        private readonly Box underlayBackground;
+        private readonly Container contentContainer;
+        private readonly Box contentBackground;
+        private readonly OsuSpriteText titleSpriteText;
+        private readonly OsuTextFlowContainer descriptionText;
+        private readonly IconButton closeButton;
+
+        public PopupScreenTitle()
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+
+            InternalChild = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding
+                {
+                    Horizontal = 70,
+                    Top = -corner_radius
+                },
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    underlayContainer = new Container
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                        Height = main_area_height + 2 * corner_radius,
+                        CornerRadius = corner_radius,
+                        Masking = true,
+                        BorderThickness = 2,
+                        Child = underlayBackground = new Box
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+                        }
+                    },
+                    contentContainer = new Container
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                        Height = main_area_height + corner_radius,
+                        CornerRadius = corner_radius,
+                        Masking = true,
+                        BorderThickness = 2,
+                        EdgeEffect = new EdgeEffectParameters
+                        {
+                            Type = EdgeEffectType.Shadow,
+                            Colour = Colour4.Black.Opacity(0.1f),
+                            Offset = new Vector2(0, 1),
+                            Radius = 3
+                        },
+                        Children = new Drawable[]
+                        {
+                            contentBackground = new Box
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+                            },
+                            new FillFlowContainer
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                                Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = corner_radius },
+                                Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = 100 },
+                                Children = new Drawable[]
+                                {
+                                    titleSpriteText = new OsuSpriteText
+                                    {
+                                        Font = OsuFont.TorusAlternate.With(size: 20)
+                                    },
+                                    descriptionText = new OsuTextFlowContainer(t =>
+                                    {
+                                        t.Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 12);
+                                    })
+                                    {
+                                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            closeButton = new IconButton
+                            {
+                                Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Times,
+                                Scale = new Vector2(0.6f),
+                                Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                Margin = new MarginPadding
+                                {
+                                    Right = 21,
+                                    Top = corner_radius
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(OverlayColourProvider colourProvider)
+        {
+            underlayContainer.BorderColour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(Colour4.Black, colourProvider.Dark4);
+            underlayBackground.Colour = colourProvider.Dark4;
+
+            contentContainer.BorderColour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(colourProvider.Dark3, colourProvider.Dark1);
+            contentBackground.Colour = colourProvider.Dark3;
+
+            closeButton.IconHoverColour = colourProvider.Highlight1;
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/TimeSlider.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A slider bar which displays a millisecond time value.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class TimeSlider : OsuSliderBar<double>
+    {
+        public override LocalisableString TooltipText => $"{Current.Value:N0} ms";
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterfaceV2/LabelledTextBox.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterfaceV2
             set => Component.Text = value;
         }
 
-        public Container TabbableContentContainer
+        public CompositeDrawable TabbableContentContainer
         {
             set => Component.TabbableContentContainer = value;
         }

osu.Game/Localisation/BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Localisation
+{
+    public static class BeatmapOffsetControlStrings
+    {
+        private const string prefix = @"osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.BeatmapOffsetControl";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Beatmap offset"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString BeatmapOffset => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"beatmap_offset"), @"Beatmap offset");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Previous play:"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString PreviousPlay => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"previous_play"), @"Previous play:");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Previous play too short to use for calibration"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString PreviousPlayTooShortToUseForCalibration => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"previous_play_too_short_to_use_for_calibration"), @"Previous play too short to use for calibration");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Calibrate using last play"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString CalibrateUsingLastPlay => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"calibrate_using_last_play"), @"Calibrate using last play");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "(hit objects appear later)"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString HitObjectsAppearLater => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"hit_objects_appear_later"), @"(hit objects appear later)");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "(hit objects appear earlier)"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString HitObjectsAppearEarlier => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"hit_objects_appear_earlier"), @"(hit objects appear earlier)");
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs

@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString Resolution => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"resolution"), @"Resolution");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Display"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString Display => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"display"), @"Display");
+
         /// <summary>
         /// "UI scaling"
         /// </summary>

osu.Game/Localisation/LeaderboardStrings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Localisation
+{
+    public static class LeaderboardStrings
+    {
+        private const string prefix = @"osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Leaderboard";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Couldn't fetch scores!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString CouldntFetchScores => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"couldnt_fetch_scores"), @"Couldn't fetch scores!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Please select a beatmap!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString PleaseSelectABeatmap => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"please_select_a_beatmap"), @"Please select a beatmap!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Leaderboards are not available for this ruleset!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LeaderboardsAreNotAvailableForThisRuleset => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"leaderboards_are_not_available_for_this_ruleset"), @"Leaderboards are not available for this ruleset!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Leaderboards are not available for this beatmap!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LeaderboardsAreNotAvailableForThisBeatmap => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"leaderboards_are_not_available_for_this_beatmap"), @"Leaderboards are not available for this beatmap!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "No records yet!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString NoRecordsYet => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"no_records_yet"), @"No records yet!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Please sign in to view online leaderboards!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString PleaseSignInToViewOnlineLeaderboards => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"please_sign_in_to_view_online_leaderboards"), @"Please sign in to view online leaderboards!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Please invest in an osu!supporter tag to view this leaderboard!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString PleaseInvestInAnOsuSupporterTagToViewThisLeaderboard => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"please_invest_in_an_osu_supporter_tag_to_view_this_leaderboard"), @"Please invest in an osu!supporter tag to view this leaderboard!");
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Online/API/APIMod.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using Humanizer;
 using MessagePack;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -51,7 +52,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             Mod resultMod = ruleset.CreateModFromAcronym(Acronym);
 
             if (resultMod == null)
-                throw new InvalidOperationException($"There is no mod in the ruleset ({ruleset.ShortName}) matching the acronym {Acronym}.");
+            {
+                Logger.Log($"There is no mod in the ruleset ({ruleset.ShortName}) matching the acronym {Acronym}.");
+                return new UnknownMod(Acronym);
+            }
 
             if (Settings.Count > 0)
             {

osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetWikiRequest.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
@@ -8,14 +10,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
     public class GetWikiRequest : APIRequest<APIWikiPage>
     {
         private readonly string path;
-        private readonly string locale;
+        private readonly Language language;
 
-        public GetWikiRequest(string path, string locale = "en")
+        public GetWikiRequest(string path, Language language = Language.en)
         {
             this.path = path;
-            this.locale = locale;
+            this.language = language;
         }
 
-        protected override string Target => $"wiki/{locale}/{path}";
+        protected override string Target => $"wiki/{language.ToCultureCode()}/{path}";
     }
 }

osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Placeholders;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
 {
@@ -311,25 +312,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
             switch (state)
             {
                 case LeaderboardState.NetworkFailure:
-                    return new ClickablePlaceholder(@"Couldn't fetch scores!", FontAwesome.Solid.Sync)
+                    return new ClickablePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.CouldntFetchScores, FontAwesome.Solid.Sync)
                     {
                         Action = RefetchScores
                     };
 
                 case LeaderboardState.NoneSelected:
-                    return new MessagePlaceholder(@"Please select a beatmap!");
+                    return new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.PleaseSelectABeatmap);
 
-                case LeaderboardState.Unavailable:
-                    return new MessagePlaceholder(@"Leaderboards are not available for this beatmap!");
+                case LeaderboardState.RulesetUnavailable:
+                    return new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.LeaderboardsAreNotAvailableForThisRuleset);
+
+                case LeaderboardState.BeatmapUnavailable:
+                    return new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.LeaderboardsAreNotAvailableForThisBeatmap);
 
                 case LeaderboardState.NoScores:
-                    return new MessagePlaceholder(@"No records yet!");
+                    return new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.NoRecordsYet);
 
                 case LeaderboardState.NotLoggedIn:
-                    return new LoginPlaceholder(@"Please sign in to view online leaderboards!");
+                    return new LoginPlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.PleaseSignInToViewOnlineLeaderboards);
 
                 case LeaderboardState.NotSupporter:
-                    return new MessagePlaceholder(@"Please invest in an osu!supporter tag to view this leaderboard!");
+                    return new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.PleaseInvestInAnOsuSupporterTagToViewThisLeaderboard);
 
                 case LeaderboardState.Retrieving:
                     return null;

osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/LeaderboardState.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
         Success,
         Retrieving,
         NetworkFailure,
-        Unavailable,
+        BeatmapUnavailable,
+        RulesetUnavailable,
         NoneSelected,
         NoScores,
         NotLoggedIn,

osu.Game/Online/Placeholders/LoginPlaceholder.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Placeholders
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Placeholders
         [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
         private LoginOverlay login { get; set; }
 
-        public LoginPlaceholder(string actionMessage)
+        public LoginPlaceholder(LocalisableString actionMessage)
             : base(actionMessage, FontAwesome.Solid.UserLock)
         {
             Action = () => login?.Show();

osu.Game/Online/Rooms/Room.cs

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ using osu.Game.IO.Serialization.Converters;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms.RoomStatuses;
-using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Rooms
 {
     [JsonObject(MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
-    public class Room : IDeepCloneable<Room>
+    public class Room
     {
         [Cached]
         [JsonProperty("id")]
@@ -153,22 +152,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Rooms
             Password.BindValueChanged(p => HasPassword.Value = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(p.NewValue));
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Create a copy of this room without online information.
-        /// Should be used to create a local copy of a room for submitting in the future.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Room DeepClone()
-        {
-            var copy = new Room();
-
-            copy.CopyFrom(this);
-
-            // ID must be unset as we use this as a marker for whether this is a client-side (not-yet-created) room or not.
-            copy.RoomID.Value = null;
-
-            return copy;
-        }
-
         public void CopyFrom(Room other)
         {
             RoomID.Value = other.RoomID.Value;

osu.Game/Online/Solo/SubmittableScore.cs

@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
         [JsonProperty("mods")]
         public APIMod[] Mods { get; set; }
 
-        [JsonProperty("user")]
-        public APIUser User { get; set; }
-
         [JsonProperty("statistics")]
         public Dictionary<HitResult, int> Statistics { get; set; }
 
@@ -67,7 +64,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
             RulesetID = score.RulesetID;
             Passed = score.Passed;
             Mods = score.APIMods;
-            User = score.User;
             Statistics = score.Statistics;
         }
     }

osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/ScoresContainer.cs

@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Scores
                 var beatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo
                 {
                     MaxCombo = apiBeatmap.MaxCombo,
-                    Status = apiBeatmap.Status
+                    Status = apiBeatmap.Status,
+                    MD5Hash = apiBeatmap.MD5Hash
                 };
 
                 scoreManager.OrderByTotalScoreAsync(value.Scores.Select(s => s.CreateScoreInfo(rulesets, beatmapInfo)).ToArray(), loadCancellationSource.Token)

osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/ChannelScrollContainer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Chat
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An <see cref="OsuScrollContainer"/> with functionality to automatically scroll whenever the maximum scrollable distance increases.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ChannelScrollContainer : OsuScrollContainer
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The chat will be automatically scrolled to end if and only if
+        /// the distance between the current scroll position and the end of the scroll
+        /// is less than this value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private const float auto_scroll_leniency = 10f;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether to keep this container scrolled to end on new content.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is specifically controlled by whether the latest scroll operation made the container scrolled to end.
+        /// </remarks>
+        private bool trackNewContent = true;
+
+        protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
+        {
+            base.UpdateAfterChildren();
+
+            if (trackNewContent && !IsScrolledToEnd())
+                ScrollToEnd();
+        }
+
+        private void updateTrackState() => trackNewContent = IsScrolledToEnd(auto_scroll_leniency);
+
+        // todo: we may eventually want this encapsulated in a "OnScrollChange" event handler method provided by ScrollContainer.
+        // important to note that this intentionally doesn't consider OffsetScrollPosition, but could make it do so with side changes.
+
+        #region Scroll handling
+
+        protected override void OnUserScroll(float value, bool animated = true, double? distanceDecay = null)
+        {
+            base.OnUserScroll(value, animated, distanceDecay);
+            updateTrackState();
+        }
+
+        public new void ScrollIntoView(Drawable d, bool animated = true)
+        {
+            base.ScrollIntoView(d, animated);
+            updateTrackState();
+        }
+
+        public new void ScrollToStart(bool animated = true, bool allowDuringDrag = false)
+        {
+            base.ScrollToStart(animated, allowDuringDrag);
+            updateTrackState();
+        }
+
+        public new void ScrollToEnd(bool animated = true, bool allowDuringDrag = false)
+        {
+            base.ScrollToEnd(animated, allowDuringDrag);
+            updateTrackState();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/DrawableChannel.cs

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
-using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Cursor;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
@@ -236,52 +234,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Chat
                 };
             }
         }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// An <see cref="OsuScrollContainer"/> with functionality to automatically scroll whenever the maximum scrollable distance increases.
-        /// </summary>
-        private class ChannelScrollContainer : UserTrackingScrollContainer
-        {
-            /// <summary>
-            /// The chat will be automatically scrolled to end if and only if
-            /// the distance between the current scroll position and the end of the scroll
-            /// is less than this value.
-            /// </summary>
-            private const float auto_scroll_leniency = 10f;
-
-            private float? lastExtent;
-
-            protected override void OnUserScroll(float value, bool animated = true, double? distanceDecay = default)
-            {
-                base.OnUserScroll(value, animated, distanceDecay);
-                lastExtent = null;
-            }
-
-            protected override void Update()
-            {
-                base.Update();
-
-                // If the user has scrolled to the bottom of the container, we should resume tracking new content.
-                if (UserScrolling && IsScrolledToEnd(auto_scroll_leniency))
-                    CancelUserScroll();
-
-                // If the user hasn't overridden our behaviour and there has been new content added to the container, we should update our scroll position to track it.
-                bool requiresScrollUpdate = !UserScrolling && (lastExtent == null || Precision.AlmostBigger(ScrollableExtent, lastExtent.Value));
-
-                if (requiresScrollUpdate)
-                {
-                    // Schedule required to allow FillFlow to be the correct size.
-                    Schedule(() =>
-                    {
-                        if (!UserScrolling)
-                        {
-                            if (Current < ScrollableExtent)
-                                ScrollToEnd();
-                            lastExtent = ScrollableExtent;
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/DifficultyMultiplierDisplay.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
+{
+    public class DifficultyMultiplierDisplay : CompositeDrawable, IHasCurrentValue<double>
+    {
+        public Bindable<double> Current
+        {
+            get => current.Current;
+            set => current.Current = value;
+        }
+
+        private readonly BindableNumberWithCurrent<double> current = new BindableNumberWithCurrent<double>(1)
+        {
+            Precision = 0.01
+        };
+
+        private readonly Box underlayBackground;
+        private readonly Box contentBackground;
+        private readonly FillFlowContainer multiplierFlow;
+        private readonly MultiplierCounter multiplierCounter;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private OsuColour colours { get; set; }
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider { get; set; }
+
+        private const float height = 42;
+        private const float multiplier_value_area_width = 56;
+        private const float transition_duration = 200;
+
+        public DifficultyMultiplierDisplay()
+        {
+            Height = height;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+
+            InternalChild = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                Masking = true,
+                CornerRadius = ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS,
+                Shear = new Vector2(ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0),
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    underlayBackground = new Box
+                    {
+                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                        Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                        Width = multiplier_value_area_width + ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS
+                    },
+                    new GridContainer
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                        ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                        {
+                            new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                            new Dimension(GridSizeMode.Absolute, multiplier_value_area_width)
+                        },
+                        Content = new[]
+                        {
+                            new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                new Container
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                    Masking = true,
+                                    CornerRadius = ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS,
+                                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                                    {
+                                        contentBackground = new Box
+                                        {
+                                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+                                        },
+                                        new OsuSpriteText
+                                        {
+                                            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                            Margin = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = 18 },
+                                            Shear = new Vector2(-ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0),
+                                            Text = "Difficulty Multiplier",
+                                            Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold)
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                multiplierFlow = new FillFlowContainer
+                                {
+                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Shear = new Vector2(-ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0),
+                                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                                    Spacing = new Vector2(2, 0),
+                                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                                    {
+                                        multiplierCounter = new MultiplierCounter
+                                        {
+                                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                            Current = { BindTarget = Current }
+                                        },
+                                        new SpriteIcon
+                                        {
+                                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                            Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Times,
+                                            Size = new Vector2(7),
+                                            Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = 1 }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            contentBackground.Colour = colourProvider.Background4;
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+            current.BindValueChanged(_ => updateState(), true);
+            FinishTransforms(true);
+            // required to prevent the counter initially rolling up from 0 to 1
+            // due to `Current.Value` having a nonstandard default value of 1.
+            multiplierCounter.SetCountWithoutRolling(Current.Value);
+        }
+
+        private void updateState()
+        {
+            if (Current.IsDefault)
+            {
+                underlayBackground.FadeColour(colourProvider.Background3, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                multiplierFlow.FadeColour(Colour4.White, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var backgroundColour = Current.Value < 1
+                    ? colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyReduction)
+                    : colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyIncrease);
+
+                underlayBackground.FadeColour(backgroundColour, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                multiplierFlow.FadeColour(colourProvider.Background5, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class MultiplierCounter : RollingCounter<double>
+        {
+            protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
+
+            protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => count.ToLocalisableString(@"N2");
+
+            protected override OsuSpriteText CreateSpriteText() => new OsuSpriteText
+            {
+                Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold)
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModColumn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Humanizer;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+using osuTK.Input;
+
+#nullable enable
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
+{
+    public class ModColumn : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        private Func<Mod, bool>? filter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Function determining whether each mod in the column should be displayed.
+        /// A return value of <see langword="true"/> means that the mod is not filtered and therefore its corresponding panel should be displayed.
+        /// A return value of <see langword="false"/> means that the mod is filtered out and therefore its corresponding panel should be hidden.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Func<Mod, bool>? Filter
+        {
+            get => filter;
+            set
+            {
+                filter = value;
+                updateFilter();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly ModType modType;
+        private readonly Key[]? toggleKeys;
+
+        private readonly Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>> availableMods = new Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>>();
+
+        private readonly TextFlowContainer headerText;
+        private readonly Box headerBackground;
+        private readonly Container contentContainer;
+        private readonly Box contentBackground;
+        private readonly FillFlowContainer<ModPanel> panelFlow;
+        private readonly ToggleAllCheckbox? toggleAllCheckbox;
+
+        private Colour4 accentColour;
+
+        private Task? latestLoadTask;
+        internal bool ItemsLoaded => latestLoadTask == null;
+
+        private const float header_height = 42;
+
+        public ModColumn(ModType modType, bool allowBulkSelection, Key[]? toggleKeys = null)
+        {
+            this.modType = modType;
+            this.toggleKeys = toggleKeys;
+
+            Width = 320;
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+            Shear = new Vector2(ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0);
+            CornerRadius = ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS;
+            Masking = true;
+
+            Container controlContainer;
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
+            {
+                new Container
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    Height = header_height + ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS,
+                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        headerBackground = new Box
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            Height = header_height + ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS
+                        },
+                        headerText = new OsuTextFlowContainer(t =>
+                        {
+                            t.Font = OsuFont.TorusAlternate.With(size: 17);
+                            t.Shadow = false;
+                            t.Colour = Colour4.Black;
+                        })
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            Shear = new Vector2(-ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0),
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding
+                            {
+                                Horizontal = 17,
+                                Bottom = ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                new Container
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Top = header_height },
+                    Child = contentContainer = new Container
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                        Masking = true,
+                        CornerRadius = ModPanel.CORNER_RADIUS,
+                        BorderThickness = 3,
+                        Children = new Drawable[]
+                        {
+                            contentBackground = new Box
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+                            },
+                            new GridContainer
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                RowDimensions = new[]
+                                {
+                                    new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                                    new Dimension()
+                                },
+                                Content = new[]
+                                {
+                                    new Drawable[]
+                                    {
+                                        controlContainer = new Container
+                                        {
+                                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = 14 }
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    new Drawable[]
+                                    {
+                                        new OsuScrollContainer
+                                        {
+                                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                            ScrollbarOverlapsContent = false,
+                                            Child = panelFlow = new FillFlowContainer<ModPanel>
+                                            {
+                                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                                Spacing = new Vector2(0, 7),
+                                                Padding = new MarginPadding(7)
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            createHeaderText();
+
+            if (allowBulkSelection)
+            {
+                controlContainer.Height = 35;
+                controlContainer.Add(toggleAllCheckbox = new ToggleAllCheckbox(this)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                    Scale = new Vector2(0.8f),
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    LabelText = "Enable All",
+                    Shear = new Vector2(-ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0)
+                });
+                panelFlow.Padding = new MarginPadding
+                {
+                    Top = 0,
+                    Bottom = 7,
+                    Horizontal = 7
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void createHeaderText()
+        {
+            IEnumerable<string> headerTextWords = modType.Humanize(LetterCasing.Title).Split(' ');
+
+            if (headerTextWords.Count() > 1)
+            {
+                headerText.AddText($"{headerTextWords.First()} ", t => t.Font = t.Font.With(weight: FontWeight.SemiBold));
+                headerTextWords = headerTextWords.Skip(1);
+            }
+
+            headerText.AddText(string.Join(' ', headerTextWords));
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(OsuGameBase game, OverlayColourProvider colourProvider, OsuColour colours)
+        {
+            availableMods.BindTo(game.AvailableMods);
+
+            headerBackground.Colour = accentColour = colours.ForModType(modType);
+
+            if (toggleAllCheckbox != null)
+            {
+                toggleAllCheckbox.AccentColour = accentColour;
+                toggleAllCheckbox.AccentHoverColour = accentColour.Lighten(0.3f);
+            }
+
+            contentContainer.BorderColour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(colourProvider.Background4, colourProvider.Background3);
+            contentBackground.Colour = colourProvider.Background4;
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+            availableMods.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateMods));
+            updateMods();
+        }
+
+        private CancellationTokenSource? cancellationTokenSource;
+
+        private void updateMods()
+        {
+            var newMods = ModUtils.FlattenMods(availableMods.Value.GetValueOrDefault(modType) ?? Array.Empty<Mod>()).ToList();
+
+            if (newMods.SequenceEqual(panelFlow.Children.Select(p => p.Mod)))
+                return;
+
+            cancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+
+            var panels = newMods.Select(mod => new ModPanel(mod)
+            {
+                Shear = new Vector2(-ModPanel.SHEAR_X, 0)
+            });
+
+            Task? loadTask;
+
+            latestLoadTask = loadTask = LoadComponentsAsync(panels, loaded =>
+            {
+                panelFlow.ChildrenEnumerable = loaded;
+
+                foreach (var panel in panelFlow)
+                    panel.Active.BindValueChanged(_ => updateToggleState());
+                updateToggleState();
+
+                updateFilter();
+            }, (cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource()).Token);
+            loadTask.ContinueWith(_ =>
+            {
+                if (loadTask == latestLoadTask)
+                    latestLoadTask = null;
+            });
+        }
+
+        #region Bulk select / deselect
+
+        private const double initial_multiple_selection_delay = 120;
+
+        private double selectionDelay = initial_multiple_selection_delay;
+        private double lastSelection;
+
+        private readonly Queue<Action> pendingSelectionOperations = new Queue<Action>();
+
+        protected bool SelectionAnimationRunning => pendingSelectionOperations.Count > 0;
+
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+
+            if (selectionDelay == initial_multiple_selection_delay || Time.Current - lastSelection >= selectionDelay)
+            {
+                if (pendingSelectionOperations.TryDequeue(out var dequeuedAction))
+                {
+                    dequeuedAction();
+
+                    // each time we play an animation, we decrease the time until the next animation (to ramp the visual and audible elements).
+                    selectionDelay = Math.Max(30, selectionDelay * 0.8f);
+                    lastSelection = Time.Current;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // reset the selection delay after all animations have been completed.
+                    // this will cause the next action to be immediately performed.
+                    selectionDelay = initial_multiple_selection_delay;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void updateToggleState()
+        {
+            if (toggleAllCheckbox != null && !SelectionAnimationRunning)
+            {
+                toggleAllCheckbox.Alpha = panelFlow.Any(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value) ? 1 : 0;
+                toggleAllCheckbox.Current.Value = panelFlow.Where(panel => !panel.Filtered.Value).All(panel => panel.Active.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Selects all mods.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SelectAll()
+        {
+            pendingSelectionOperations.Clear();
+
+            foreach (var button in panelFlow.Where(b => !b.Active.Value && !b.Filtered.Value))
+                pendingSelectionOperations.Enqueue(() => button.Active.Value = true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deselects all mods.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void DeselectAll()
+        {
+            pendingSelectionOperations.Clear();
+
+            foreach (var button in panelFlow.Where(b => b.Active.Value && !b.Filtered.Value))
+                pendingSelectionOperations.Enqueue(() => button.Active.Value = false);
+        }
+
+        private class ToggleAllCheckbox : OsuCheckbox
+        {
+            private Color4 accentColour;
+
+            public Color4 AccentColour
+            {
+                get => accentColour;
+                set
+                {
+                    accentColour = value;
+                    updateState();
+                }
+            }
+
+            private Color4 accentHoverColour;
+
+            public Color4 AccentHoverColour
+            {
+                get => accentHoverColour;
+                set
+                {
+                    accentHoverColour = value;
+                    updateState();
+                }
+            }
+
+            private readonly ModColumn column;
+
+            public ToggleAllCheckbox(ModColumn column)
+                : base(false)
+            {
+                this.column = column;
+            }
+
+            protected override void ApplyLabelParameters(SpriteText text)
+            {
+                base.ApplyLabelParameters(text);
+                text.Font = text.Font.With(weight: FontWeight.SemiBold);
+            }
+
+            [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+            private void load()
+            {
+                updateState();
+            }
+
+            private void updateState()
+            {
+                Nub.AccentColour = AccentColour;
+                Nub.GlowingAccentColour = AccentHoverColour;
+                Nub.GlowColour = AccentHoverColour.Opacity(0.2f);
+            }
+
+            protected override void OnUserChange(bool value)
+            {
+                if (value)
+                    column.SelectAll();
+                else
+                    column.DeselectAll();
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Filtering support
+
+        private void updateFilter()
+        {
+            foreach (var modPanel in panelFlow)
+                modPanel.ApplyFilter(Filter);
+
+            updateToggleState();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Keyboard selection support
+
+        protected override bool OnKeyDown(KeyDownEvent e)
+        {
+            if (e.ControlPressed || e.AltPressed) return false;
+            if (toggleKeys == null) return false;
+
+            int index = Array.IndexOf(toggleKeys, e.Key);
+            if (index < 0) return false;
+
+            var panel = panelFlow.ElementAtOrDefault(index);
+            if (panel == null || panel.Filtered.Value) return false;
+
+            panel.Active.Toggle();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModPanel.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
     {
         public Mod Mod { get; }
         public BindableBool Active { get; } = new BindableBool();
+        public BindableBool Filtered { get; } = new BindableBool();
 
         protected readonly Box Background;
         protected readonly Container SwitchContainer;
@@ -40,10 +42,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
         protected const double TRANSITION_DURATION = 150;
 
-        protected const float SHEAR_X = 0.2f;
+        public const float SHEAR_X = 0.2f;
+        public const float CORNER_RADIUS = 7;
 
         protected const float HEIGHT = 42;
-        protected const float CORNER_RADIUS = 7;
         protected const float IDLE_SWITCH_WIDTH = 54;
         protected const float EXPANDED_SWITCH_WIDTH = 70;
 
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                 playStateChangeSamples();
                 UpdateState();
             });
+            Filtered.BindValueChanged(_ => updateFilterState());
 
             UpdateState();
             FinishTransforms(true);
@@ -190,7 +193,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                 mouseDown = true;
 
             UpdateState();
-            return true;
+            return false;
         }
 
         protected override void OnMouseUp(MouseUpEvent e)
@@ -235,5 +238,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
             TextBackground.FadeColour(textBackgroundColour, transitionDuration, Easing.OutQuint);
             TextFlow.FadeColour(textColour, transitionDuration, Easing.OutQuint);
         }
+
+        #region Filtering support
+
+        public void ApplyFilter(Func<Mod, bool>? filter)
+        {
+            Filtered.Value = filter != null && !filter.Invoke(Mod);
+        }
+
+        private void updateFilterState()
+        {
+            this.FadeTo(Filtered.Value ? 0 : 1);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Header/MedalHeaderContainer.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
@@ -63,11 +64,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header
             };
         }
 
+        private CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource;
+
         private void updateDisplay(APIUser user)
         {
-            var badges = user.Badges;
+            cancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+            cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
             badgeFlowContainer.Clear();
 
+            var badges = user.Badges;
+
             if (badges?.Length > 0)
             {
                 Show();
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header
                     {
                         // load in stable order regardless of async load order.
                         badgeFlowContainer.Insert(displayIndex, asyncBadge);
-                    });
+                    }, cancellationTokenSource.Token);
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -87,5 +94,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header
                 Hide();
             }
         }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
+        {
+            cancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+            base.Dispose(isDisposing);
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Audio/OffsetSettings.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
         {
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                new SettingsSlider<double, OffsetSlider>
+                new SettingsSlider<double, TimeSlider>
                 {
                     LabelText = AudioSettingsStrings.AudioOffset,
                     Current = config.GetBindable<double>(OsuSetting.AudioOffset),
@@ -35,10 +35,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
                 }
             };
         }
-
-        private class OffsetSlider : OsuSliderBar<double>
-        {
-            public override LocalisableString TooltipText => Current.Value.ToString(@"0ms");
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
 
         private FillFlowContainer<SettingsSlider<float>> scalingSettings;
 
-        private readonly IBindable<Display> currentDisplay = new Bindable<Display>();
+        private readonly Bindable<Display> currentDisplay = new Bindable<Display>();
         private readonly IBindableList<WindowMode> windowModes = new BindableList<WindowMode>();
 
         private Bindable<ScalingMode> scalingMode;
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
         private OsuGameBase game { get; set; }
 
         private SettingsDropdown<Size> resolutionDropdown;
+        private SettingsDropdown<Display> displayDropdown;
         private SettingsDropdown<WindowMode> windowModeDropdown;
 
         private Bindable<float> scalingPositionX;
@@ -72,6 +73,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
                     ItemSource = windowModes,
                     Current = config.GetBindable<WindowMode>(FrameworkSetting.WindowMode),
                 },
+                displayDropdown = new DisplaySettingsDropdown
+                {
+                    LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.Display,
+                    Items = host.Window?.Displays,
+                    Current = currentDisplay,
+                },
                 resolutionDropdown = new ResolutionSettingsDropdown
                 {
                     LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.Resolution,
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
 
             windowModeDropdown.Current.BindValueChanged(mode =>
             {
-                updateResolutionDropdown();
+                updateDisplayModeDropdowns();
 
                 windowModeDropdown.WarningText = mode.NewValue != WindowMode.Fullscreen ? GraphicsSettingsStrings.NotFullscreenNote : default;
             }, true);
@@ -168,7 +175,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
                                                 .Distinct());
                 }
 
-                updateResolutionDropdown();
+                updateDisplayModeDropdowns();
             }), true);
 
             scalingMode.BindValueChanged(mode =>
@@ -183,12 +190,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
             // initial update bypasses transforms
             updateScalingModeVisibility();
 
-            void updateResolutionDropdown()
+            void updateDisplayModeDropdowns()
             {
                 if (resolutions.Count > 1 && windowModeDropdown.Current.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen)
                     resolutionDropdown.Show();
                 else
                     resolutionDropdown.Hide();
+
+                if (displayDropdown.Items.Count() > 1)
+                    displayDropdown.Show();
+                else
+                    displayDropdown.Hide();
             }
 
             void updateScalingModeVisibility()
@@ -243,6 +255,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
             public override LocalisableString TooltipText => base.TooltipText + "x";
         }
 
+        private class DisplaySettingsDropdown : SettingsDropdown<Display>
+        {
+            protected override OsuDropdown<Display> CreateDropdown() => new DisplaySettingsDropdownControl();
+
+            private class DisplaySettingsDropdownControl : DropdownControl
+            {
+                protected override LocalisableString GenerateItemText(Display item)
+                {
+                    return $"{item.Index}: {item.Name} ({item.Bounds.Width}x{item.Bounds.Height})";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private class ResolutionSettingsDropdown : SettingsDropdown<Size>
         {
             protected override OsuDropdown<Size> CreateDropdown() => new ResolutionDropdownControl();

osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/SkinSection.cs

@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections
 
         private void updateSelectedSkinFromConfig()
         {
+            if (!skinDropdown.Items.Any())
+                return;
+
             Live<SkinInfo> skin = null;
 
             if (Guid.TryParse(configBindable.Value, out var configId))

osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/UserInterface/GeneralSettings.cs

@@ -35,18 +35,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.UserInterface
                     LabelText = UserInterfaceStrings.Parallax,
                     Current = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.MenuParallax)
                 },
-                new SettingsSlider<float, TimeSlider>
+                new SettingsSlider<double, TimeSlider>
                 {
                     LabelText = UserInterfaceStrings.HoldToConfirmActivationTime,
-                    Current = config.GetBindable<float>(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay),
+                    Current = config.GetBindable<double>(OsuSetting.UIHoldActivationDelay),
                     KeyboardStep = 50
                 },
             };
         }
-
-        private class TimeSlider : OsuSliderBar<float>
-        {
-            public override LocalisableString TooltipText => Current.Value.ToString(@"N0") + "ms";
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/SettingsToolboxGroup.cs

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
 {
     public class SettingsToolboxGroup : Container, IExpandable
     {
+        public const int CONTAINER_WIDTH = 270;
+
         private const float transition_duration = 250;
-        private const int container_width = 270;
         private const int border_thickness = 2;
         private const int header_height = 30;
         private const int corner_radius = 5;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
         public SettingsToolboxGroup(string title)
         {
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
-            Width = container_width;
+            Width = CONTAINER_WIDTH;
             Masking = true;
             CornerRadius = corner_radius;
             BorderColour = Color4.Black;
@@ -201,7 +202,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
         }
 
         protected override Container<Drawable> Content => content;
-
-        protected override bool OnMouseDown(MouseDownEvent e) => true;
     }
 }

osu.Game/Overlays/WikiOverlay.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
@@ -100,7 +101,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
             cancellationToken?.Cancel();
             request?.Cancel();
 
-            request = new GetWikiRequest(e.NewValue);
+            string[] values = e.NewValue.Split('/', 2);
+
+            if (values.Length > 1 && LanguageExtensions.TryParseCultureCode(values[0], out var language))
+                request = new GetWikiRequest(values[1], language);
+            else
+                request = new GetWikiRequest(e.NewValue);
 
             Loading.Show();
 

osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceBreakdownCalculator.cs

@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty
 
                 // calculate total score
                 ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor = ruleset.CreateScoreProcessor();
-                scoreProcessor.HighestCombo.Value = perfectPlay.MaxCombo;
                 scoreProcessor.Mods.Value = perfectPlay.Mods;
-                perfectPlay.TotalScore = (long)scoreProcessor.GetImmediateScore(ScoringMode.Standardised, perfectPlay.MaxCombo, statistics);
+                perfectPlay.TotalScore = (long)scoreProcessor.ComputeFinalScore(ScoringMode.Standardised, perfectPlay);
 
                 // compute rank achieved
                 // default to SS, then adjust the rank with mods

osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/IUpdatableByPlayfield.cs

@@ -5,8 +5,19 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An interface for <see cref="Mod"/>s that are updated every frame by a <see cref="Playfield"/>.
+    /// </summary>
     public interface IUpdatableByPlayfield : IApplicableMod
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update this <see cref="Mod"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="playfield">The main <see cref="Playfield"/></param>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method is called once per frame during gameplay by the main <see cref="Playfield"/> only.
+        /// To access nested <see cref="Playfield"/>s, use <see cref="Playfield.NestedPlayfields"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
         void Update(Playfield playfield);
     }
 }

osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAdaptiveSpeed.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Audio;
+using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Audio;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
+{
+    public class ModAdaptiveSpeed : Mod, IApplicableToRate, IApplicableToDrawableHitObject, IApplicableToBeatmap, IUpdatableByPlayfield
+    {
+        public override string Name => "Adaptive Speed";
+
+        public override string Acronym => "AS";
+
+        public override string Description => "Let track speed adapt to you.";
+
+        public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
+
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModRateAdjust), typeof(ModTimeRamp) };
+
+        [SettingSource("Initial rate", "The starting speed of the track")]
+        public BindableNumber<double> InitialRate { get; } = new BindableDouble
+        {
+            MinValue = 0.5,
+            MaxValue = 2,
+            Default = 1,
+            Value = 1,
+            Precision = 0.01
+        };
+
+        [SettingSource("Adjust pitch", "Should pitch be adjusted with speed")]
+        public BindableBool AdjustPitch { get; } = new BindableBool
+        {
+            Default = true,
+            Value = true
+        };
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The instantaneous rate of the track.
+        /// Every frame this mod will attempt to smoothly adjust this to meet <see cref="targetRate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; } = new BindableDouble
+        {
+            MinValue = min_allowable_rate,
+            MaxValue = max_allowable_rate,
+            Default = 1,
+            Value = 1
+        };
+
+        // The two constants below denote the maximum allowable range of rates that `SpeedChange` can take.
+        // The range is purposefully wider than the range of values that `InitialRate` allows
+        // in order to give some leeway for change even when extreme initial rates are chosen.
+        private const double min_allowable_rate = 0.4d;
+        private const double max_allowable_rate = 2.5d;
+
+        // The two constants below denote the maximum allowable change in rate caused by a single hit
+        // This prevents sudden jolts caused by a badly-timed hit.
+        private const double min_allowable_rate_change = 0.9d;
+        private const double max_allowable_rate_change = 1.11d;
+
+        // Apply a fixed rate change when missing, allowing the player to catch up when the rate is too fast.
+        private const double rate_change_on_miss = 0.95d;
+
+        private ITrack track;
+        private double targetRate = 1d;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The number of most recent track rates (approximated from how early/late each object was hit relative to the previous object)
+        /// which should be averaged to calculate <see cref="targetRate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private const int recent_rate_count = 8;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stores the most recent <see cref="recent_rate_count"/> approximated track rates
+        /// which are averaged to calculate the value of <see cref="targetRate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This list is used as a double-ended queue with fixed capacity
+        /// (items can be enqueued/dequeued at either end of the list).
+        /// When time is elapsing forward, items are dequeued from the start and enqueued onto the end of the list.
+        /// When time is being rewound, items are dequeued from the end and enqueued onto the start of the list.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <example>
+        /// <para>
+        /// The track rate approximation is calculated as follows:
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Consider a hitobject which ends at 1000ms, and assume that its preceding hitobject ends at 500ms.
+        /// This gives a time difference of 1000 - 500 = 500ms.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Now assume that the user hit this object at 980ms rather than 1000ms.
+        /// When compared to the preceding hitobject, this gives 980 - 500 = 480ms.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// With the above assumptions, the player is rushing / hitting early, which means that the track should speed up to match.
+        /// Therefore, the approximated target rate for this object would be equal to 500 / 480 * <see cref="InitialRate"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </example>
+        private readonly List<double> recentRates = Enumerable.Repeat(1d, recent_rate_count).ToList();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For each given <see cref="HitObject"/> in the map, this dictionary maps the object onto the latest end time of any other object
+        /// that precedes the end time of the given object.
+        /// This can be loosely interpreted as the end time of the preceding hit object in rulesets that do not have overlapping hit objects.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<HitObject, double> precedingEndTimes = new Dictionary<HitObject, double>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For each given <see cref="HitObject"/> in the map, this dictionary maps the object onto the track rate dequeued from
+        /// <see cref="recentRates"/> (i.e. the oldest value in the queue) when the object is hit. If the hit is then reverted,
+        /// the mapped value can be re-introduced to <see cref="recentRates"/> to properly rewind the queue.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<HitObject, double> ratesForRewinding = new Dictionary<HitObject, double>();
+
+        public ModAdaptiveSpeed()
+        {
+            InitialRate.BindValueChanged(val =>
+            {
+                SpeedChange.Value = val.NewValue;
+                targetRate = val.NewValue;
+            });
+            AdjustPitch.BindValueChanged(adjustPitchChanged);
+        }
+
+        public void ApplyToTrack(ITrack track)
+        {
+            this.track = track;
+
+            InitialRate.TriggerChange();
+            AdjustPitch.TriggerChange();
+            recentRates.Clear();
+            recentRates.AddRange(Enumerable.Repeat(InitialRate.Value, recent_rate_count));
+        }
+
+        public void ApplyToSample(DrawableSample sample)
+        {
+            sample.AddAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Frequency, SpeedChange);
+        }
+
+        public void Update(Playfield playfield)
+        {
+            SpeedChange.Value = Interpolation.DampContinuously(SpeedChange.Value, targetRate, 50, playfield.Clock.ElapsedFrameTime);
+        }
+
+        public double ApplyToRate(double time, double rate = 1) => rate * InitialRate.Value;
+
+        public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject drawable)
+        {
+            drawable.OnNewResult += (o, result) =>
+            {
+                if (ratesForRewinding.ContainsKey(result.HitObject)) return;
+                if (!shouldProcessResult(result)) return;
+
+                ratesForRewinding.Add(result.HitObject, recentRates[0]);
+                recentRates.RemoveAt(0);
+
+                recentRates.Add(Math.Clamp(getRelativeRateChange(result) * SpeedChange.Value, min_allowable_rate, max_allowable_rate));
+
+                updateTargetRate();
+            };
+            drawable.OnRevertResult += (o, result) =>
+            {
+                if (!ratesForRewinding.ContainsKey(result.HitObject)) return;
+                if (!shouldProcessResult(result)) return;
+
+                recentRates.Insert(0, ratesForRewinding[result.HitObject]);
+                ratesForRewinding.Remove(result.HitObject);
+
+                recentRates.RemoveAt(recentRates.Count - 1);
+
+                updateTargetRate();
+            };
+        }
+
+        public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
+        {
+            var hitObjects = getAllApplicableHitObjects(beatmap.HitObjects).ToList();
+            var endTimes = hitObjects.Select(x => x.GetEndTime()).OrderBy(x => x).Distinct().ToList();
+
+            foreach (HitObject hitObject in hitObjects)
+            {
+                int index = endTimes.BinarySearch(hitObject.GetEndTime());
+                if (index < 0) index = ~index; // BinarySearch returns the next larger element in bitwise complement if there's no exact match
+                index -= 1;
+
+                if (index >= 0)
+                    precedingEndTimes.Add(hitObject, endTimes[index]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void adjustPitchChanged(ValueChangedEvent<bool> adjustPitchSetting)
+        {
+            track?.RemoveAdjustment(adjustmentForPitchSetting(adjustPitchSetting.OldValue), SpeedChange);
+
+            track?.AddAdjustment(adjustmentForPitchSetting(adjustPitchSetting.NewValue), SpeedChange);
+        }
+
+        private AdjustableProperty adjustmentForPitchSetting(bool adjustPitchSettingValue)
+            => adjustPitchSettingValue ? AdjustableProperty.Frequency : AdjustableProperty.Tempo;
+
+        private IEnumerable<HitObject> getAllApplicableHitObjects(IEnumerable<HitObject> hitObjects)
+        {
+            foreach (var hitObject in hitObjects)
+            {
+                if (!(hitObject.HitWindows is HitWindows.EmptyHitWindows))
+                    yield return hitObject;
+
+                foreach (HitObject nested in getAllApplicableHitObjects(hitObject.NestedHitObjects))
+                    yield return nested;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool shouldProcessResult(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            if (!result.Type.AffectsAccuracy()) return false;
+            if (!precedingEndTimes.ContainsKey(result.HitObject)) return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private double getRelativeRateChange(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            if (!result.IsHit)
+                return rate_change_on_miss;
+
+            double prevEndTime = precedingEndTimes[result.HitObject];
+            return Math.Clamp(
+                (result.HitObject.GetEndTime() - prevEndTime) / (result.TimeAbsolute - prevEndTime),
+                min_allowable_rate_change,
+                max_allowable_rate_change
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update <see cref="targetRate"/> based on the values in <see cref="recentRates"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void updateTargetRate()
+        {
+            // Compare values in recentRates to see how consistent the player's speed is
+            // If the player hits half of the notes too fast and the other half too slow:  Abs(consistency) = 0
+            // If the player hits all their notes too fast or too slow:                    Abs(consistency) = recent_rate_count - 1
+            int consistency = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < recentRates.Count; i++)
+            {
+                consistency += Math.Sign(recentRates[i] - recentRates[i - 1]);
+            }
+
+            // Scale the rate adjustment based on consistency
+            targetRate = Interpolation.Lerp(targetRate, recentRates.Average(), Math.Abs(consistency) / (recent_rate_count - 1d));
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModRateAdjust.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
 
         public double ApplyToRate(double time, double rate) => rate * SpeedChange.Value;
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModTimeRamp) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModTimeRamp), typeof(ModAdaptiveSpeed) };
 
         public override string SettingDescription => SpeedChange.IsDefault ? string.Empty : $"{SpeedChange.Value:N2}x";
     }