Merge branch 'master' into multiplayer-difficulty-tooltip

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issue.yml

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ body:
         - Current open `priority:0` issues, filterable [here](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Apriority%3A0).
         - And most importantly, search for your issue both in the [issue listing](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues) and the [Q&A discussion listing](https://github.com/ppy/osu/discussions/categories/q-a). If you find that it already exists, respond with a reaction or add any further information that may be helpful.
 
+        # ATTENTION LINUX USERS
+
+        If you are having an issue and it is hardware related, **please open a [q&a discussion](https://github.com/ppy/osu/discussions/categories/q-a)** instead of an issue. There's a high chance your issue is due to your system configuration, and not our software.
+
   - type: dropdown
     attributes:
       label: Type
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ body:
   - type: input
     attributes:
       label: Version
-      description: The version you encountered this bug on. This is shown at the bottom of the main menu and also at the end of the settings screen.
+      description: The version you encountered this bug on. This is shown at the end of the settings overlay.
     validations:
       required: true
   - type: markdown

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

osu.Android.props

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2023.1219.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2024.114.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.

osu.Desktop.slnf

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
       "osu.Game.Tournament.Tests\\osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj",
       "osu.Game.Tournament\\osu.Game.Tournament.csproj",
       "osu.Game\\osu.Game.csproj",
-
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj"
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj"
     ]
   }
-}
+}

osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+#nullable disable
+
+#pragma warning disable IDE1006 // Naming rule violation
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+
+namespace osu.Desktop
+{
+    [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "InconsistentNaming")]
+    internal static class NVAPI
+    {
+        private const string osu_filename = "osu!.exe";
+
+        // This is a good reference:
+        // https://github.com/errollw/Warp-and-Blend-Quadros/blob/master/WarpBlend-Quadros/UnwarpAll-Quadros/include/nvapi.h
+        // Note our Stride == their VERSION (e.g. NVDRS_SETTING_VER)
+
+        public const int MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS = 64;
+        public const int UNICODE_STRING_MAX = 2048;
+
+        public const string APPLICATION_NAME = @"osu!";
+        public const string PROFILE_NAME = @"osu!";
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus EnumPhysicalGPUsDelegate([Out] IntPtr[] gpuHandles, out int gpuCount);
+
+        public static readonly EnumPhysicalGPUsDelegate EnumPhysicalGPUs;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus EnumLogicalGPUsDelegate([Out] IntPtr[] gpuHandles, out int gpuCount);
+
+        public static readonly EnumLogicalGPUsDelegate EnumLogicalGPUs;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetSystemTypeDelegate(IntPtr gpuHandle, out NvSystemType systemType);
+
+        public static readonly GetSystemTypeDelegate GetSystemType;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetGPUTypeDelegate(IntPtr gpuHandle, out NvGpuType gpuType);
+
+        public static readonly GetGPUTypeDelegate GetGPUType;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus CreateSessionDelegate(out IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        public static CreateSessionDelegate CreateSession;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus LoadSettingsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        public static LoadSettingsDelegate LoadSettings;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus FindApplicationByNameDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.BStr)] string appName, out IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvApplication application);
+
+        public static FindApplicationByNameDelegate FindApplicationByName;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetCurrentGlobalProfileDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, out IntPtr profileHandle);
+
+        public static GetCurrentGlobalProfileDelegate GetCurrentGlobalProfile;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetProfileInfoDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvProfile profile);
+
+        public static GetProfileInfoDelegate GetProfileInfo;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetSettingDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, NvSettingID settingID, ref NvSetting setting);
+
+        public static GetSettingDelegate GetSetting;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus CreateProfileDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, ref NvProfile profile, out IntPtr profileHandle);
+
+        private static readonly CreateProfileDelegate CreateProfile;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus SetSettingDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvSetting setting);
+
+        private static readonly SetSettingDelegate SetSetting;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus EnumApplicationsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, uint startIndex, ref uint appCount, [In, Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] NvApplication[] applications);
+
+        private static readonly EnumApplicationsDelegate EnumApplications;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus CreateApplicationDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvApplication application);
+
+        private static readonly CreateApplicationDelegate CreateApplication;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus SaveSettingsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        private static readonly SaveSettingsDelegate SaveSettings;
+
+        public static NvStatus Status { get; private set; } = NvStatus.OK;
+        public static bool Available { get; private set; }
+
+        private static IntPtr sessionHandle;
+
+        public static bool IsUsingOptimusDedicatedGpu
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return false;
+
+                if (!IsLaptop)
+                    return false;
+
+                IntPtr profileHandle;
+                if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out _, out bool _))
+                    return false;
+
+                // Get the optimus setting
+                NvSetting setting;
+                if (!getSetting(NvSettingID.SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ID, profileHandle, out setting))
+                    return false;
+
+                return (setting.U32CurrentValue & (uint)NvShimSetting.SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ENABLE) > 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsLaptop
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return false;
+
+                // Make sure that this is a laptop.
+                var gpus = new IntPtr[64];
+                if (checkError(EnumPhysicalGPUs(gpus, out int gpuCount)))
+                    return false;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < gpuCount; i++)
+                {
+                    if (checkError(GetSystemType(gpus[i], out var type)))
+                        return false;
+
+                    if (type == NvSystemType.LAPTOP)
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static NvThreadControlSetting ThreadedOptimisations
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                IntPtr profileHandle;
+                if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out _, out bool _))
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                // Get the threaded optimisations setting
+                NvSetting setting;
+                if (!getSetting(NvSettingID.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID, profileHandle, out setting))
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                return (NvThreadControlSetting)setting.U32CurrentValue;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return;
+
+                bool success = setSetting(NvSettingID.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID, (uint)value);
+
+                Logger.Log(success ? $"Threaded optimizations set to \"{value}\"!" : "Threaded optimizations set failed!");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the profile contains the current application.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the profile contains the current application.</returns>
+        private static bool containsApplication(IntPtr profileHandle, NvProfile profile, out NvApplication application)
+        {
+            application = new NvApplication
+            {
+                Version = NvApplication.Stride
+            };
+
+            if (profile.NumOfApps == 0)
+                return false;
+
+            NvApplication[] applications = new NvApplication[profile.NumOfApps];
+            applications[0].Version = NvApplication.Stride;
+
+            uint numApps = profile.NumOfApps;
+
+            if (checkError(EnumApplications(sessionHandle, profileHandle, 0, ref numApps, applications)))
+                return false;
+
+            for (uint i = 0; i < numApps; i++)
+            {
+                if (applications[i].AppName == osu_filename)
+                {
+                    application = applications[i];
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves the profile of the current application.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle.</param>
+        /// <param name="application">The current application description.</param>
+        /// <param name="isApplicationSpecific">If this profile is not a global (default) profile.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool getProfile(out IntPtr profileHandle, out NvApplication application, out bool isApplicationSpecific)
+        {
+            application = new NvApplication
+            {
+                Version = NvApplication.Stride
+            };
+
+            isApplicationSpecific = true;
+
+            if (checkError(FindApplicationByName(sessionHandle, osu_filename, out profileHandle, ref application)))
+            {
+                isApplicationSpecific = false;
+                if (checkError(GetCurrentGlobalProfile(sessionHandle, out profileHandle)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool createProfile(out IntPtr profileHandle)
+        {
+            NvProfile newProfile = new NvProfile
+            {
+                Version = NvProfile.Stride,
+                IsPredefined = 0,
+                ProfileName = PROFILE_NAME,
+                GPUSupport = new uint[32]
+            };
+
+            newProfile.GPUSupport[0] = 1;
+
+            if (checkError(CreateProfile(sessionHandle, ref newProfile, out profileHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a setting from the profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="settingId">The setting to retrieve.</param>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle to retrieve the setting from.</param>
+        /// <param name="setting">The setting.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool getSetting(NvSettingID settingId, IntPtr profileHandle, out NvSetting setting)
+        {
+            setting = new NvSetting
+            {
+                Version = NvSetting.Stride,
+                SettingID = settingId
+            };
+
+            if (checkError(GetSetting(sessionHandle, profileHandle, settingId, ref setting)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool setSetting(NvSettingID settingId, uint settingValue)
+        {
+            NvApplication application;
+            IntPtr profileHandle;
+            bool isApplicationSpecific;
+            if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out application, out isApplicationSpecific))
+                return false;
+
+            if (!isApplicationSpecific)
+            {
+                // We don't want to interfere with the user's other settings, so let's create a separate config for osu!
+                if (!createProfile(out profileHandle))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            NvSetting newSetting = new NvSetting
+            {
+                Version = NvSetting.Stride,
+                SettingID = settingId,
+                U32CurrentValue = settingValue
+            };
+
+            // Set the thread state
+            if (checkError(SetSetting(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref newSetting)))
+                return false;
+
+            // Get the profile (needed to check app count)
+            NvProfile profile = new NvProfile
+            {
+                Version = NvProfile.Stride
+            };
+            if (checkError(GetProfileInfo(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref profile)))
+                return false;
+
+            if (!containsApplication(profileHandle, profile, out application))
+            {
+                // Need to add the current application to the profile
+                application.IsPredefined = 0;
+
+                application.AppName = osu_filename;
+                application.UserFriendlyName = APPLICATION_NAME;
+
+                if (checkError(CreateApplication(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref application)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            // Save!
+            return !checkError(SaveSettings(sessionHandle));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a session to access the driver configuration.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool createSession()
+        {
+            if (checkError(CreateSession(out sessionHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            // Load settings into session
+            if (checkError(LoadSettings(sessionHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool checkError(NvStatus status)
+        {
+            Status = status;
+            return status != NvStatus.OK;
+        }
+
+        static NVAPI()
+        {
+            // TODO: check whether gpu vendor contains NVIDIA before attempting load?
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Try to load NVAPI
+                if ((IntPtr.Size == 4 && loadLibrary(@"nvapi.dll") == IntPtr.Zero)
+                    || (IntPtr.Size == 8 && loadLibrary(@"nvapi64.dll") == IntPtr.Zero))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                InitializeDelegate initialize;
+                getDelegate(0x0150E828, out initialize);
+
+                if (initialize?.Invoke() == NvStatus.OK)
+                {
+                    // IDs can be found here: https://github.com/jNizM/AHK_NVIDIA_NvAPI/blob/master/info/NvAPI_IDs.txt
+
+                    getDelegate(0xE5AC921F, out EnumPhysicalGPUs);
+                    getDelegate(0x48B3EA59, out EnumLogicalGPUs);
+                    getDelegate(0xBAAABFCC, out GetSystemType);
+                    getDelegate(0xC33BAEB1, out GetGPUType);
+                    getDelegate(0x0694D52E, out CreateSession);
+                    getDelegate(0x375DBD6B, out LoadSettings);
+                    getDelegate(0xEEE566B2, out FindApplicationByName);
+                    getDelegate(0x617BFF9F, out GetCurrentGlobalProfile);
+                    getDelegate(0x577DD202, out SetSetting);
+                    getDelegate(0x61CD6FD6, out GetProfileInfo);
+                    getDelegate(0x73BF8338, out GetSetting);
+                    getDelegate(0xCC176068, out CreateProfile);
+                    getDelegate(0x7FA2173A, out EnumApplications);
+                    getDelegate(0x4347A9DE, out CreateApplication);
+                    getDelegate(0xFCBC7E14, out SaveSettings);
+                }
+
+                if (createSession())
+                    Available = true;
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+
+        private static void getDelegate<T>(uint id, out T newDelegate) where T : class
+        {
+            IntPtr ptr = IntPtr.Size == 4 ? queryInterface32(id) : queryInterface64(id);
+            newDelegate = ptr == IntPtr.Zero ? null : Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer(ptr, typeof(T)) as T;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "LoadLibrary")]
+        private static extern IntPtr loadLibrary(string dllToLoad);
+
+        [DllImport(@"nvapi.dll", EntryPoint = "nvapi_QueryInterface", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private static extern IntPtr queryInterface32(uint id);
+
+        [DllImport(@"nvapi64.dll", EntryPoint = "nvapi_QueryInterface", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private static extern IntPtr queryInterface64(uint id);
+
+        private delegate NvStatus InitializeDelegate();
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvSetting
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string SettingName;
+
+        public NvSettingID SettingID;
+        public uint SettingType;
+        public uint SettingLocation;
+        public uint IsCurrentPredefined;
+        public uint IsPredefinedValid;
+
+        public uint U32PredefinedValue;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string StringPredefinedValue;
+
+        public uint U32CurrentValue;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string StringCurrentValue;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvSetting)) | (1 << 16);
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvProfile
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string ProfileName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray)]
+        public uint[] GPUSupport;
+
+        public uint IsPredefined;
+        public uint NumOfApps;
+        public uint NumOfSettings;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvProfile)) | (1 << 16);
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvApplication
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+        public uint IsPredefined;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string AppName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string UserFriendlyName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string Launcher;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string FileInFolder;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvApplication)) | (2 << 16);
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvStatus
+    {
+        OK = 0, // Success. Request is completed.
+        ERROR = -1, // Generic error
+        LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -2, // NVAPI support library cannot be loaded.
+        NO_IMPLEMENTATION = -3, // not implemented in current driver installation
+        API_NOT_INITIALIZED = -4, // Initialize has not been called (successfully)
+        INVALID_ARGUMENT = -5, // The argument/parameter value is not valid or NULL.
+        NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND = -6, // No NVIDIA display driver, or NVIDIA GPU driving a display, was found.
+        END_ENUMERATION = -7, // No more items to enumerate
+        INVALID_HANDLE = -8, // Invalid handle
+        INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION = -9, // An argument's structure version is not supported
+        HANDLE_INVALIDATED = -10, // The handle is no longer valid (likely due to GPU or display re-configuration)
+        OPENGL_CONTEXT_NOT_CURRENT = -11, // No NVIDIA OpenGL context is current (but needs to be)
+        INVALID_POINTER = -14, // An invalid pointer, usually NULL, was passed as a parameter
+        NO_GL_EXPERT = -12, // OpenGL Expert is not supported by the current drivers
+        INSTRUMENTATION_DISABLED = -13, // OpenGL Expert is supported, but driver instrumentation is currently disabled
+        NO_GL_NSIGHT = -15, // OpenGL does not support Nsight
+
+        EXPECTED_LOGICAL_GPU_HANDLE = -100, // Expected a logical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+        EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE = -101, // Expected a physical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+        EXPECTED_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -102, // Expected an NV display handle for one or more parameters
+        INVALID_COMBINATION = -103, // The combination of parameters is not valid.
+        NOT_SUPPORTED = -104, // Requested feature is not supported in the selected GPU
+        PORTID_NOT_FOUND = -105, // No port ID was found for the I2C transaction
+        EXPECTED_UNATTACHED_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -106, // Expected an unattached display handle as one of the input parameters.
+        INVALID_PERF_LEVEL = -107, // Invalid perf level
+        DEVICE_BUSY = -108, // Device is busy; request not fulfilled
+        NV_PERSIST_FILE_NOT_FOUND = -109, // NV persist file is not found
+        PERSIST_DATA_NOT_FOUND = -110, // NV persist data is not found
+        EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY = -111, // Expected a TV output display
+        EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY_ON_DCONNECTOR = -112, // Expected a TV output on the D Connector - HDTV_EIAJ4120.
+        NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY = -113, // SLI is not active on this device.
+        SLI_RENDERING_MODE_NOTALLOWED = -114, // Setup of SLI rendering mode is not possible right now.
+        EXPECTED_DIGITAL_FLAT_PANEL = -115, // Expected a digital flat panel.
+        ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE = -116, // Argument exceeds the expected size.
+        DEVICE_SWITCHING_NOT_ALLOWED = -117, // Inhibit is ON due to one of the flags in NV_GPU_DISPLAY_CHANGE_INHIBIT or SLI active.
+        TESTING_CLOCKS_NOT_SUPPORTED = -118, // Testing of clocks is not supported.
+        UNKNOWN_UNDERSCAN_CONFIG = -119, // The specified underscan config is from an unknown source (e.g. INF)
+        TIMEOUT_RECONFIGURING_GPU_TOPO = -120, // Timeout while reconfiguring GPUs
+        DATA_NOT_FOUND = -121, // Requested data was not found
+        EXPECTED_ANALOG_DISPLAY = -122, // Expected an analog display
+        NO_VIDLINK = -123, // No SLI video bridge is present
+        REQUIRES_REBOOT = -124, // NVAPI requires a reboot for the settings to take effect
+        INVALID_HYBRID_MODE = -125, // The function is not supported with the current Hybrid mode.
+        MIXED_TARGET_TYPES = -126, // The target types are not all the same
+        SYSWOW64_NOT_SUPPORTED = -127, // The function is not supported from 32-bit on a 64-bit system.
+        IMPLICIT_SET_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_NOT_ALLOWED = -128, // There is no implicit GPU topology active. Use SetHybridMode to change topology.
+        REQUEST_USER_TO_CLOSE_NON_MIGRATABLE_APPS = -129, // Prompt the user to close all non-migratable applications.
+        OUT_OF_MEMORY = -130, // Could not allocate sufficient memory to complete the call.
+        WAS_STILL_DRAWING = -131, // The previous operation that is transferring information to or from this surface is incomplete.
+        FILE_NOT_FOUND = -132, // The file was not found.
+        TOO_MANY_UNIQUE_STATE_OBJECTS = -133, // There are too many unique instances of a particular type of state object.
+        INVALID_CALL = -134, // The method call is invalid. For example, a method's parameter may not be a valid pointer.
+        D3D10_1_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -135, // d3d10_1.dll cannot be loaded.
+        FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND = -136, // Couldn't find the function in the loaded DLL.
+        INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE = -137, // Current User is not Admin.
+        EXPECTED_NON_PRIMARY_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -138, // The handle corresponds to GDIPrimary.
+        EXPECTED_COMPUTE_GPU_HANDLE = -139, // Setting Physx GPU requires that the GPU is compute-capable.
+        STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED = -140, // The Stereo part of NVAPI failed to initialize completely. Check if the stereo driver is installed.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED = -141, // Access to stereo-related registry keys or values has failed.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -142, // The given registry profile type is not supported.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -143, // The given registry value is not supported.
+        STEREO_NOT_ENABLED = -144, // Stereo is not enabled and the function needed it to execute completely.
+        STEREO_NOT_TURNED_ON = -145, // Stereo is not turned on and the function needed it to execute completely.
+        STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE = -146, // Invalid device interface.
+        STEREO_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE = -147, // Separation percentage or JPEG image capture quality is out of [0-100] range.
+        STEREO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -148, // The given frustum adjust mode is not supported.
+        TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE = -149, // The mosaic topology is not possible given the current state of the hardware.
+        MODE_CHANGE_FAILED = -150, // An attempt to do a display resolution mode change has failed.
+        D3D11_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -151, // d3d11.dll/d3d11_beta.dll cannot be loaded.
+        INVALID_ADDRESS = -152, // Address is outside of valid range.
+        STRING_TOO_SMALL = -153, // The pre-allocated string is too small to hold the result.
+        MATCHING_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND = -154, // The input does not match any of the available devices.
+        DRIVER_RUNNING = -155, // Driver is running.
+        DRIVER_NOTRUNNING = -156, // Driver is not running.
+        ERROR_DRIVER_RELOAD_REQUIRED = -157, // A driver reload is required to apply these settings.
+        SET_NOT_ALLOWED = -158, // Intended setting is not allowed.
+        ADVANCED_DISPLAY_TOPOLOGY_REQUIRED = -159, // Information can't be returned due to "advanced display topology".
+        SETTING_NOT_FOUND = -160, // Setting is not found.
+        SETTING_SIZE_TOO_LARGE = -161, // Setting size is too large.
+        TOO_MANY_SETTINGS_IN_PROFILE = -162, // There are too many settings for a profile.
+        PROFILE_NOT_FOUND = -163, // Profile is not found.
+        PROFILE_NAME_IN_USE = -164, // Profile name is duplicated.
+        PROFILE_NAME_EMPTY = -165, // Profile name is empty.
+        EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND = -166, // Application not found in the Profile.
+        EXECUTABLE_ALREADY_IN_USE = -167, // Application already exists in the other profile.
+        DATATYPE_MISMATCH = -168, // Data Type mismatch
+        PROFILE_REMOVED = -169, // The profile passed as parameter has been removed and is no longer valid.
+        UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE = -170, // An unregistered resource was passed as a parameter.
+        ID_OUT_OF_RANGE = -171, // The DisplayId corresponds to a display which is not within the normal outputId range.
+        DISPLAYCONFIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = -172, // Display topology is not valid so the driver cannot do a mode set on this configuration.
+        DPMST_CHANGED = -173, // Display Port Multi-Stream topology has been changed.
+        INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = -174, // Input buffer is insufficient to hold the contents.
+        ACCESS_DENIED = -175, // No access to the caller.
+        MOSAIC_NOT_ACTIVE = -176, // The requested action cannot be performed without Mosaic being enabled.
+        SHARE_RESOURCE_RELOCATED = -177, // The surface is relocated away from video memory.
+        REQUEST_USER_TO_DISABLE_DWM = -178, // The user should disable DWM before calling NvAPI.
+        D3D_DEVICE_LOST = -179, // D3D device status is D3DERR_DEVICELOST or D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET - the user has to reset the device.
+        INVALID_CONFIGURATION = -180, // The requested action cannot be performed in the current state.
+        STEREO_HANDSHAKE_NOT_DONE = -181, // Call failed as stereo handshake not completed.
+        EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS = -182, // The path provided was too short to determine the correct NVDRS_APPLICATION
+        DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_IS_NOT_DEFINED = -183, // Default stereo profile is not currently defined
+        DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = -184, // Default stereo profile does not exist
+        CLUSTER_ALREADY_EXISTS = -185, // A cluster is already defined with the given configuration.
+        DPMST_DISPLAY_ID_EXPECTED = -186, // The input display id is not that of a multi stream enabled connector or a display device in a multi stream topology
+        INVALID_DISPLAY_ID = -187, // The input display id is not valid or the monitor associated to it does not support the current operation
+        STREAM_IS_OUT_OF_SYNC = -188, // While playing secure audio stream, stream goes out of sync
+        INCOMPATIBLE_AUDIO_DRIVER = -189, // Older audio driver version than required
+        VALUE_ALREADY_SET = -190, // Value already set, setting again not allowed.
+        TIMEOUT = -191, // Requested operation timed out
+        GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_INCOMPLETE = -192, // The requested workstation feature set has incomplete driver internal allocation resources
+        STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_NOT_DONE = -193, // Call failed because InitActivation was not called.
+        SYNC_NOT_ACTIVE = -194, // The requested action cannot be performed without Sync being enabled.
+        SYNC_MASTER_NOT_FOUND = -195, // The requested action cannot be performed without Sync Master being enabled.
+        INVALID_SYNC_TOPOLOGY = -196, // Invalid displays passed in the NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY pointer.
+        ECID_SIGN_ALGO_UNSUPPORTED = -197, // The specified signing algorithm is not supported. Either an incorrect value was entered or the current installed driver/hardware does not support the input value.
+        ECID_KEY_VERIFICATION_FAILED = -198, // The encrypted public key verification has failed.
+        FIRMWARE_OUT_OF_DATE = -199, // The device's firmware is out of date.
+        FIRMWARE_REVISION_NOT_SUPPORTED = -200, // The device's firmware is not supported.
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvSystemType
+    {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        LAPTOP = 1,
+        DESKTOP = 2
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvGpuType
+    {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        IGPU = 1, // Integrated
+        DGPU = 2, // Discrete
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvSettingID : uint
+    {
+        OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_ID = 0x2089BF6C,
+        OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_ID = 0x2097C2F6,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_ID = 0x206A6582,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_ID = 0x206C4581,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_ID = 0x20655CFA,
+        OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_ID = 0x209DF23E,
+        OGL_EXTENSION_STRING_VERSION_ID = 0x20FF7493,
+        OGL_FORCE_BLIT_ID = 0x201F619F,
+        OGL_FORCE_STEREO_ID = 0x204D9A0C,
+        OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_ID = 0x20D0F3E6,
+        OGL_MAX_FRAMES_ALLOWED_ID = 0x208E55E3,
+        OGL_MULTIMON_ID = 0x200AEBFC,
+        OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_ID = 0x209AE66F,
+        OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_ID = 0x206C28C4,
+        OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID = 0x20797D6C,
+        OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_ID = 0x20A29055,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID = 0x20C1221E,
+        OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_ID = 0x20FDD1F9,
+        OGL_VIDEO_EDITING_MODE_ID = 0x20EE02B4,
+        AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID = 0x10ECDB82,
+        AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_ID = 0x10FC2D9C,
+        AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_ID = 0x107D639D,
+        AA_MODE_METHOD_ID = 0x10D773D2,
+        AA_MODE_REPLAY_ID = 0x10D48A85,
+        AA_MODE_SELECTOR_ID = 0x107EFC5B,
+        AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_ID = 0x107AFC5B,
+        ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_ID = 0x101E61A9,
+        ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_ID = 0x10D2BB16,
+        APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_ID = 0x104554B6,
+        APPLICATION_STEAM_ID_ID = 0x107CDDBC,
+        CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_ID = 0x106D5CFF,
+        CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_ID = 0x10354FF8,
+        D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_ID = 0x10D1EF29,
+        EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_ID = 0x108F0841,
+        FXAA_ALLOW_ID = 0x1034CB89,
+        FXAA_ENABLE_ID = 0x1074C972,
+        FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_ID = 0x1068FB9C,
+        MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_ID = 0x10287051,
+        OPTIMUS_MAXAA_ID = 0x10F9DC83,
+        PHYSXINDICATOR_ID = 0x1094F16F,
+        PREFERRED_PSTATE_ID = 0x1057EB71,
+        PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_ID = 0x103BCCB5,
+        PS_FRAMERATE_LIMITER_ID = 0x10834FEE,
+        PS_FRAMERATE_LIMITER_GPS_CTRL_ID = 0x10834F01,
+        SHIM_MAXRES_ID = 0x10F9DC82,
+        SHIM_MCCOMPAT_ID = 0x10F9DC80,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ID = 0x10F9DC81,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ID = 0x10F9DC84,
+        SLI_GPU_COUNT_ID = 0x1033DCD1,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_ID = 0x1033DCD2,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_ID = 0x1033DCD3,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_ID = 0x1033CEC1,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_ID = 0x1033CEC2,
+        SLI_RENDERING_MODE_ID = 0x1033CED1,
+        VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_ID = 0x1094F157,
+        VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_ID = 0x1095F16F,
+        VRRREQUESTSTATE_ID = 0x1094F1F7,
+        VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_ID = 0x101AE763,
+        VSYNCVRRCONTROL_ID = 0x10A879CE,
+        VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID = 0x10FDEC23,
+        WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_ID = 0x11AE435C,
+        WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_ID = 0x11E91A61,
+        WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_ID = 0x11112233,
+        WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_ID = 0x112493BD,
+        WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_ID = 0x11AA9E99,
+        WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_ID = 0x11333333,
+        AO_MODE_ID = 0x00667329,
+        AO_MODE_ACTIVE_ID = 0x00664339,
+        AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_ID = 0x00638E8F,
+        ICAFE_LOGO_CONFIG_ID = 0x00DB1337,
+        LODBIASADJUST_ID = 0x00738E8F,
+        PRERENDERLIMIT_ID = 0x007BA09E,
+        PS_DYNAMIC_TILING_ID = 0x00E5C6C0,
+        PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_ID = 0x00198FFF,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_ID = 0x00E73211,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_ID = 0x0084CD70,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_ID = 0x002ECAF2,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_ID = 0x0019BB68,
+        QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID = 0x00CE2691,
+        REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_ID = 0x0064B541,
+        SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_ID = 0x00AE785C,
+        SET_VAB_DATA_ID = 0x00AB8687,
+        VSYNCMODE_ID = 0x00A879CF,
+        VSYNCTEARCONTROL_ID = 0x005A375C,
+        TOTAL_DWORD_SETTING_NUM = 80,
+        TOTAL_WSTRING_SETTING_NUM = 4,
+        TOTAL_SETTING_NUM = 84,
+        INVALID_SETTING_ID = 0xFFFFFFFF
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvShimSetting : uint
+    {
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_INTEGRATED = 0x00000000,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ENABLE = 0x00000001,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_USER_EDITABLE = 0x00000002,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_MASK = 0x00000003,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VIDEO_MASK = 0x00000004,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VARYING_BIT = 0x00000008,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT = 0x00000010,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_OVERRIDE_BIT = 0x80000000,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_DEFAULT = SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvThreadControlSetting : uint
+    {
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ENABLE = 0x00000001,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DISABLE = 0x00000002,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT = 0
+    }
+}

osu.Desktop/Program.cs

@@ -30,7 +30,19 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [STAThread]
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
-            // run Squirrel first, as the app may exit after these run
+            /*
+             * WARNING: DO NOT PLACE **ANY** CODE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING BLOCK!
+             *
+             * Logic handling Squirrel MUST run before EVERYTHING if you do not want to break it.
+             * To be more precise: Squirrel is internally using a rather... crude method to determine whether it is running under NUnit,
+             * namely by checking loaded assemblies:
+             * https://github.com/clowd/Clowd.Squirrel/blob/24427217482deeeb9f2cacac555525edfc7bd9ac/src/Squirrel/SimpleSplat/PlatformModeDetector.cs#L17-L32
+             *
+             * If it finds ANY assembly from the ones listed above - REGARDLESS of the reason why it is loaded -
+             * the app will then do completely broken things like:
+             * - not creating system shortcuts (as the logic is if'd out if "running tests")
+             * - not exiting after the install / first-update / uninstall hooks are ran (as the `Environment.Exit()` calls are if'd out if "running tests")
+             */
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
                 var windowsVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
@@ -54,6 +66,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 setupSquirrel();
             }
 
+            // NVIDIA profiles are based on the executable name of a process.
+            // Lazer and stable share the same executable name.
+            // Stable sets this setting to "Off", which may not be what we want, so let's force it back to the default "Auto" on startup.
+            NVAPI.ThreadedOptimisations = NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
             // Back up the cwd before DesktopGameHost changes it
             string cwd = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
 
@@ -85,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 }
             }
 
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(gameName, new HostOptions { BindIPC = !tournamentClient }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(gameName, new HostOptions { IPCPort = !tournamentClient ? OsuGame.IPC_PORT : null }))
             {
                 if (!host.IsPrimaryInstance)
                 {

osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.10.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.11.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Posix.NETStandard" Version="1.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="7.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="8.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.2.1.24" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Resources">

osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.9" />
-    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Mods/TestSceneCatchModPerfect.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Mods
 {
-    public partial class TestSceneCatchModPerfect : ModPerfectTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneCatchModPerfect : ModFailConditionTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new CatchRuleset();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchModHidden.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
                 Mod = new CatchModHidden(),
                 PassCondition = () => Player.Results.Count > 0
                                       && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableJuiceStream>().Single().Alpha > 0
-                                      && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableFruit>().Last().Alpha > 0
+                                      && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableFruit>().First().Alpha > 0
             });
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneOutOfBoundsObjects.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneOutOfBoundsObjects : TestSceneCatchPlayer
+    {
+        protected override bool Autoplay => true;
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoOutOfBoundsObjects()
+        {
+            bool anyObjectOutOfBounds = false;
+
+            AddStep("reset flag", () => anyObjectOutOfBounds = false);
+
+            AddUntilStep("check for out-of-bounds objects",
+                () =>
+                {
+                    anyObjectOutOfBounds |= Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableCatchHitObject>().Any(dho => dho.X < 0 || dho.X > CatchPlayfield.WIDTH);
+                    return Player.ScoreProcessor.HasCompleted.Value;
+                });
+
+            AddAssert("no out of bound objects found", () => !anyObjectOutOfBounds);
+        }
+
+        protected override IBeatmap CreateBeatmap(RulesetInfo ruleset) => new Beatmap
+        {
+            BeatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                Ruleset = ruleset,
+            },
+            HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+            {
+                new Fruit { StartTime = 1000, X = -50 },
+                new Fruit { StartTime = 1200, X = CatchPlayfield.WIDTH + 50 },
+                new JuiceStream
+                {
+                    StartTime = 1500,
+                    X = 10,
+                    Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
+                    {
+                        Vector2.Zero,
+                        new Vector2(-200, 0)
+                    })
+                },
+                new JuiceStream
+                {
+                    StartTime = 3000,
+                    X = CatchPlayfield.WIDTH - 10,
+                    Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
+                    {
+                        Vector2.Zero,
+                        new Vector2(200, 0)
+                    })
+                },
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchLegacyScoreSimulator.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -62,13 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            int difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
-
-            scoreMultiplier = difficultyPeppyStars;
+            scoreMultiplier = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableBananaShower.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft;
 
-            AddInternal(bananaContainer = new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both });
+            AddInternal(bananaContainer = new NestedFruitContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both });
         }
 
         protected override void AddNestedHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableJuiceStream.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft;
 
-            AddInternal(dropletContainer = new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both, });
+            AddInternal(dropletContainer = new NestedFruitContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both, });
         }
 
         protected override void AddNestedHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePalpableCatchHitObject.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
@@ -70,7 +72,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
 
         private void updateXPosition(ValueChangedEvent<float> _)
         {
-            X = OriginalXBindable.Value + XOffsetBindable.Value;
+            // same as `CatchHitObject.EffectiveX`.
+            // not using that property directly to support scenarios where `HitObject` may not necessarily be present
+            // for this pooled drawable.
+            X = Math.Clamp(OriginalXBindable.Value + XOffsetBindable.Value, 0, CatchPlayfield.WIDTH);
         }
 
         protected override void OnApply()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/NestedFruitContainer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
+{
+    public partial class NestedFruitContainer : Container
+    {
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This comparison logic is a copy of <see cref="HitObjectContainer"/> comparison logic,
+        /// which can't be easily extracted to a more common place.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <seealso cref="HitObjectContainer.Compare"/>
+        protected override int Compare(Drawable x, Drawable y)
+        {
+            if (x is not DrawableCatchHitObject xObj || y is not DrawableCatchHitObject yObj)
+                return base.Compare(x, y);
+
+            int result = yObj.HitObject.StartTime.CompareTo(xObj.HitObject.StartTime);
+            return result == 0 ? CompareReverseChildID(x, y) : result;
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -20,22 +21,75 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring
         private const int combo_cap = 200;
         private const double combo_base = 4;
 
+        private double fruitTinyScale;
+
         public CatchScoreProcessor()
             : base(new CatchRuleset())
         {
         }
 
+        protected override void Reset(bool storeResults)
+        {
+            base.Reset(storeResults);
+
+            // large ticks are *purposefully* not counted to match stable
+            int fruitTinyScaleDivisor = MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) + MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Great);
+            fruitTinyScale = fruitTinyScaleDivisor == 0
+                ? 0
+                : (double)MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / fruitTinyScaleDivisor;
+        }
+
         protected override double ComputeTotalScore(double comboProgress, double accuracyProgress, double bonusPortion)
         {
-            return 600000 * comboProgress
-                   + 400000 * Accuracy.Value * accuracyProgress
+            const int max_tiny_droplets_portion = 400000;
+
+            double comboPortion = 1000000 - max_tiny_droplets_portion + max_tiny_droplets_portion * (1 - fruitTinyScale);
+            double dropletsPortion = max_tiny_droplets_portion * fruitTinyScale;
+            double dropletsHit = MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) == 0
+                ? 0
+                : (double)ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit);
+
+            return comboPortion * comboProgress
+                   + dropletsPortion * dropletsHit
                    + bonusPortion;
         }
 
-        protected override double GetComboScoreChange(JudgementResult result)
-            => GetBaseScoreForResult(result.Type) * Math.Min(Math.Max(0.5, Math.Log(result.ComboAfterJudgement, combo_base)), Math.Log(combo_cap, combo_base));
+        public override int GetBaseScoreForResult(HitResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+                // dirty hack to emulate accuracy on stable weighting every object equally in accuracy portion
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
+                    return 300;
 
-        public override ScoreRank RankFromAccuracy(double accuracy)
+                case HitResult.LargeBonus:
+                    return 200;
+            }
+
+            return base.GetBaseScoreForResult(result);
+        }
+
+        protected override double GetComboScoreChange(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            double baseIncrease = 0;
+
+            switch (result.Type)
+            {
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    baseIncrease = 300;
+                    break;
+
+                case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                    baseIncrease = 100;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return baseIncrease * Math.Min(Math.Max(0.5, Math.Log(result.ComboAfterJudgement, combo_base)), Math.Log(combo_cap, combo_base));
+        }
+
+        public override ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
         {
             if (accuracy == accuracy_cutoff_x)
                 return ScoreRank.X;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModPerfect.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
 {
-    public partial class TestSceneManiaModPerfect : ModPerfectTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneManiaModPerfect : ModFailConditionTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
 
@@ -24,5 +29,52 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
         [TestCase(false)]
         [TestCase(true)]
         public void TestHoldNote(bool shouldMiss) => CreateHitObjectTest(new HitObjectTestData(new HoldNote { StartTime = 1000, EndTime = 3000 }), shouldMiss);
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGreatHit() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new ManiaModPerfect(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(false),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Note
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(1020, ManiaAction.Key1),
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(2000)
+            }
+        });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBreakOnHoldNote() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new ManiaModPerfect(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(true) && Player.Results.Count == 2,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HoldNote
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        EndTime = 3000,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(1000, ManiaAction.Key1),
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(2000)
+            }
+        });
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModSuddenDeath.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneManiaModSuddenDeath : ModFailConditionTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
+
+        public TestSceneManiaModSuddenDeath()
+            : base(new ManiaModSuddenDeath())
+        {
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGreatHit() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new ManiaModSuddenDeath(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(false),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Note
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(1020, ManiaAction.Key1),
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(2000)
+            }
+        });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBreakOnHoldNote() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new ManiaModSuddenDeath(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(true) && Player.Results.Count == 2,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HoldNote
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        EndTime = 3000,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(1000, ManiaAction.Key1),
+                new ManiaReplayFrame(2000)
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
@@ -16,37 +14,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Skinning
         [Test]
         public void TestMinor()
         {
-            AddStep("Create barlines", () => recreate());
+            AddStep("Create barlines", recreate);
         }
 
-        private void recreate(Func<IEnumerable<BarLine>>? createBarLines = null)
+        private void recreate()
         {
             var stageDefinitions = new List<StageDefinition>
             {
                 new StageDefinition(4),
             };
 
-            SetContents(_ => new ManiaPlayfield(stageDefinitions).With(s =>
+            SetContents(_ =>
             {
-                if (createBarLines != null)
+                var maniaPlayfield = new ManiaPlayfield(stageDefinitions);
+
+                // Must be scheduled so the pool is loaded before we try and retrieve from it.
+                Schedule(() =>
                 {
-                    var barLines = createBarLines();
-
-                    foreach (var b in barLines)
-                        s.Add(b);
-
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
-                {
-                    s.Add(new BarLine
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
                     {
-                        StartTime = Time.Current + i * 500,
-                        Major = i % 4 == 0,
-                    });
-                }
-            }));
+                        maniaPlayfield.Add(new BarLine
+                        {
+                            StartTime = Time.Current + i * 500,
+                            Major = i % 4 == 0,
+                        });
+                    }
+                });
+
+                return maniaPlayfield;
+            });
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModPerfect.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,26 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
     public class ManiaModPerfect : ModPerfect
     {
+        protected override bool FailCondition(HealthProcessor healthProcessor, JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            if (!isRelevantResult(result.Judgement.MinResult) && !isRelevantResult(result.Judgement.MaxResult) && !isRelevantResult(result.Type))
+                return false;
+
+            // Mania allows imperfect "Great" hits without failing.
+            if (result.Judgement.MaxResult == HitResult.Perfect)
+                return result.Type < HitResult.Great;
+
+            return result.Type != result.Judgement.MaxResult;
+        }
+
+        private bool isRelevantResult(HitResult result) => result.AffectsAccuracy() || result.AffectsCombo();
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning.Argon
 {
     public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : JudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
     {
+        private const float judgement_y_position = 160;
+
         private RingExplosion? ringExplosion;
 
         [Resolved]
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning.Argon
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
             Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-            Y = 160;
+            Y = judgement_y_position;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning.Argon
                     this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
                     this.ScaleTo(1, 100, Easing.In);
 
-                    this.MoveTo(Vector2.Zero);
+                    this.MoveToY(judgement_y_position);
                     this.MoveToOffset(new Vector2(0, 100), 800, Easing.InQuint);
 
                     this.RotateTo(0);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Skinning;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 {
@@ -57,6 +59,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         // Stores the current speed adjustment active in gameplay.
         private readonly Track speedAdjustmentTrack = new TrackVirtual(0);
 
+        [Resolved]
+        private ISkinSource skin { get; set; }
+
         public DrawableManiaRuleset(Ruleset ruleset, IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null)
             : base(ruleset, beatmap, mods)
         {
@@ -104,7 +109,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             updateTimeRange();
         }
 
-        private void updateTimeRange() => TimeRange.Value = smoothTimeRange * speedAdjustmentTrack.AggregateTempo.Value * speedAdjustmentTrack.AggregateFrequency.Value;
+        private void updateTimeRange()
+        {
+            float hitPosition = skin.GetConfig<ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup, float>(
+                                    new ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup(LegacyManiaSkinConfigurationLookups.HitPosition))?.Value
+                                ?? Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION;
+
+            const float length_to_default_hit_position = 768 - LegacyManiaSkinConfiguration.DEFAULT_HIT_POSITION;
+            float lengthToHitPosition = 768 - hitPosition;
+
+            // This scaling factor preserves the scroll speed as the scroll length varies from changes to the hit position.
+            float scale = lengthToHitPosition / length_to_default_hit_position;
+
+            TimeRange.Value = smoothTimeRange * speedAdjustmentTrack.AggregateTempo.Value * speedAdjustmentTrack.AggregateFrequency.Value * scale;
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Computes a scroll time (in milliseconds) from a scroll speed in the range of 1-40.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/Stage.cs

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI.Components;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         private readonly ColumnFlow<Column> columnFlow;
 
         private readonly JudgementContainer<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgements;
-        private readonly DrawablePool<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgementPool;
+        private readonly JudgementPooler<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgementPooler;
 
         private readonly Drawable barLineContainer;
 
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
         private readonly int firstColumnIndex;
 
+        private ISkinSource currentSkin = null!;
+
         public Stage(int firstColumnIndex, StageDefinition definition, ref ManiaAction normalColumnStartAction, ref ManiaAction specialColumnStartAction)
         {
             this.firstColumnIndex = firstColumnIndex;
@@ -65,7 +68,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
-                judgementPool = new DrawablePool<DrawableManiaJudgement>(2),
                 new Container
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                         },
-                        new SkinnableDrawable(new ManiaSkinComponentLookup(ManiaSkinComponents.StageForeground), _ => null)
+                        new SkinnableDrawable(new ManiaSkinComponentLookup(ManiaSkinComponents.StageForeground))
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
                         },
@@ -137,11 +139,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                 AddNested(column);
             }
 
+            var hitWindows = new ManiaHitWindows();
+
+            AddInternal(judgementPooler = new JudgementPooler<DrawableManiaJudgement>(Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r => hitWindows.IsHitResultAllowed(r))));
+
             RegisterPool<BarLine, DrawableBarLine>(50, 200);
         }
 
-        private ISkinSource currentSkin;
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
@@ -170,7 +174,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
-            if (currentSkin != null)
+            if (currentSkin.IsNotNull())
                 currentSkin.SourceChanged -= onSkinChanged;
         }
 
@@ -196,13 +200,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                 return;
 
             judgements.Clear(false);
-            judgements.Add(judgementPool.Get(j =>
+            judgements.Add(judgementPooler.Get(result.Type, j =>
             {
                 j.Apply(result, judgedObject);
 
                 j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
                 j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-            }));
+            })!);
         }
 
         protected override void Update()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 {
@@ -21,5 +31,129 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
         [Test]
         public void TestComboBasedSize([Values] bool comboBasedSize) => CreateModTest(new ModTestData { Mod = new OsuModFlashlight { ComboBasedSize = { Value = comboBasedSize } }, PassCondition = () => true });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDimsOnlyAfterStartTime()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime < 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && !sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new HitCircle { StartTime = 0, },
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                    BeatmapInfo =
+                    {
+                        StackLeniency = 0,
+                    }
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(990, new Vector2()),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDoesDimAfterStartTimeIfHitEarly()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmed = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmed |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime >= 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && sliderDimmed;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(990, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDoesDimAfterStartTimeIfHitLate()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmed = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmed |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime >= 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && sliderDimmed;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(1100, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModPerfect.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 {
-    public partial class TestSceneOsuModPerfect : ModPerfectTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneOsuModPerfect : ModFailConditionTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
 
@@ -50,5 +54,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
             CreateHitObjectTest(new HitObjectTestData(spinner), shouldMiss);
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMissSliderTail() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModPerfect(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(true),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Slider
+                    {
+                        Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[] { Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(100, 0), })
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(256, 192), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1001, new Vector2(256, 192)),
+            }
+        });
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModStrictTracking.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneOsuModStrictTracking : OsuModTestScene
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderInput() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModStrictTracking(),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Slider
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Path = new SliderPath
+                        {
+                            ControlPoints =
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(0, 100))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(500, new Vector2(200, 0), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(501, new Vector2(200, 0)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1750, new Vector2(0, 100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1751, new Vector2(0, 100)),
+            },
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 2
+        });
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModSuddenDeath.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneOsuModSuddenDeath : ModFailConditionTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
+
+        public TestSceneOsuModSuddenDeath()
+            : base(new OsuModSuddenDeath())
+        {
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMissTail() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSuddenDeath(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(false),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Slider
+                    {
+                        Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[] { Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(100, 0), })
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(256, 192), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1001, new Vector2(256, 192)),
+            }
+        });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMissTick() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSuddenDeath(),
+            PassCondition = () => ((ModFailConditionTestPlayer)Player).CheckFailed(true),
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new Slider
+                    {
+                        Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[] { Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(200, 0), })
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(256, 192), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1001, new Vector2(256, 192)),
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModTouchDevice.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         public void TestUserAlreadyHasTouchDeviceActive()
         {
             loadPlayer();
-            // it is presumed that a previous screen (i.e. song select) will set this up
             AddStep("set up touchscreen user", () =>
             {
                 currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods = currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods.Append(new OsuModTouchDevice()).ToArray();
@@ -69,6 +68,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
             AddAssert("touch device mod activated", () => currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods, () => Has.One.InstanceOf<OsuModTouchDevice>());
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTouchActivePriorToPlayerLoad()
+        {
+            AddStep("set touch input active", () => statics.SetValue(Static.TouchInputActive, true));
+            loadPlayer();
+            AddUntilStep("touch device mod activated", () => currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods, () => Has.One.InstanceOf<OsuModTouchDevice>());
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestTouchDuringBreak()
         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneDrawableJudgement.cs

@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [Resolved]
         private OsuConfigManager config { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private readonly List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>> pools;
+        private readonly List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>> pools = new List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>>();
 
-        public TestSceneDrawableJudgement()
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(validResults))]
+        public void Test(HitResult result)
         {
-            pools = new List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>>();
-
-            foreach (HitResult result in Enum.GetValues(typeof(HitResult)).OfType<HitResult>().Skip(1))
-                showResult(result);
+            showResult(result);
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<HitResult> validResults => Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Skip(1);
+
         [Test]
         public void TestHitLightingDisabled()
         {
@@ -72,32 +72,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                         pools.Add(pool = new DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>(1));
                     else
                     {
-                        pool = pools[poolIndex];
-
                         // We need to make sure neither the pool nor the judgement get disposed when new content is set, and they both share the same parent.
+                        pool = pools[poolIndex];
                         ((Container)pool.Parent!).Clear(false);
                     }
 
                     var container = new Container
                     {
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                        Children = new Drawable[]
-                        {
-                            pool,
-                            pool.Get(j => j.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject
-                            {
-                                StartTime = Time.Current
-                            }, new Judgement())
-                            {
-                                Type = result,
-                            }, null)).With(j =>
-                            {
-                                j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
-                                j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-                            })
-                        }
+                        Child = pool,
                     };
 
+                    // Must be scheduled so the pool is loaded before we try and retrieve from it.
+                    Schedule(() =>
+                    {
+                        container.Add(pool.Get(j => j.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject
+                        {
+                            StartTime = Time.Current
+                        }, new Judgement())
+                        {
+                            Type = result,
+                        }, null)).With(j =>
+                        {
+                            j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+                            j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+                        }));
+                    });
+
                     poolIndex++;
                     return container;
                 });

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderApplication.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             DrawableSlider dho = null;
 
-            AddStep("create slider", () => Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(prepareObject(new Slider
+            AddStep("create slider", () => Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
             {
                 Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                 IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             AddWaitStep("wait for progression", 1);
 
-            AddStep("apply new slider", () => dho.Apply(prepareObject(new Slider
+            AddStep("apply new slider", () => dho.Apply(applyDefaults(new Slider
             {
                 Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                 ComboIndex = 1,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 Child = new SkinProvidingContainer(provider)
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(prepareObject(new Slider
+                    Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
                     {
                         Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                         IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
@@ -97,7 +97,38 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddAssert("ball is red", () => dho.ChildrenOfType<LegacySliderBall>().Single().BallColour == Color4.Red);
         }
 
-        private Slider prepareObject(Slider slider)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestIncreaseRepeatCount()
+        {
+            DrawableSlider dho = null;
+
+            AddStep("create slider", () =>
+            {
+                Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
+                    IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
+                    StartTime = Time.Current,
+                    Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
+                    {
+                        Vector2.Zero,
+                        new Vector2(150, 100),
+                        new Vector2(300, 0),
+                    })
+                }));
+            });
+
+            AddStep("increase repeat count", () =>
+            {
+                dho.HitObject.RepeatCount++;
+                applyDefaults(dho.HitObject);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("repeat got custom anchor", () =>
+                dho.ChildrenOfType<DrawableSliderRepeat>().Single().RelativeAnchorPosition == Vector2.Divide(dho.SliderBody!.PathOffset, dho.DrawSize));
+        }
+
+        private Slider applyDefaults(Slider slider)
         {
             slider.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
             return slider;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderEarlyHitJudgement.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Meh);
             assertTickJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderInput.cs

@@ -467,13 +467,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         private void assertHeadMissTailTracked()
         {
-            AddAssert("Tracking retained", () => judgementResults[^2].Type, () => Is.EqualTo(HitResult.LargeTickHit));
+            AddAssert("Tracking retained", () => judgementResults[^2].Type, () => Is.EqualTo(HitResult.SliderTailHit));
             AddAssert("Slider head missed", () => judgementResults.First().IsHit, () => Is.False);
         }
 
         private void assertMidSliderJudgements()
         {
-            AddAssert("Tracking acquired", () => judgementResults[^2].Type, () => Is.EqualTo(HitResult.LargeTickHit));
+            AddAssert("Tracking acquired", () => judgementResults[^2].Type, () => Is.EqualTo(HitResult.SliderTailHit));
         }
 
         private void assertMidSliderJudgementFail()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderLateHitJudgement.cs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             });
 
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Ok);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             assertTickJudgement(1, HitResult.LargeTickHit);
             assertTickJudgement(2, HitResult.LargeTickHit);
             assertTickJudgement(3, HitResult.LargeTickHit);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Meh);
             assertAllTickJudgements(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
             assertRepeatJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Meh);
             assertRepeatJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             assertAllTickJudgements(HitResult.LargeTickMiss);
 
             // This particular test actually starts tracking the slider just before the end, so the tail should be hit because of its leniency.
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
 
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Meh);
             assertTickJudgement(0, HitResult.LargeTickMiss);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             assertHeadJudgement(HitResult.Meh);
             assertTickJudgement(0, HitResult.LargeTickMiss);
             assertTickJudgement(1, HitResult.LargeTickMiss);
-            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            assertTailJudgement(HitResult.SliderTailHit);
             assertSliderJudgement(HitResult.IgnoreHit);
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.18.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuLegacyScoreSimulator.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
@@ -62,13 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            int difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
-
-            scoreMultiplier = difficultyPeppyStars;
+            scoreMultiplier = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointConnectionPiece.cs

@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             base.LoadComplete();
 
             hitObjectPosition = hitObject.PositionBindable.GetBoundCopy();
-            hitObjectPosition.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConnectingPath());
+            hitObjectPosition.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateConnectingPath));
 
             pathVersion = hitObject.Path.Version.GetBoundCopy();
-            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConnectingPath());
+            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateConnectingPath));
 
             updateConnectingPath();
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs

@@ -4,20 +4,15 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
@@ -41,8 +36,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         public Action<DragEvent> DragInProgress;
         public Action DragEnded;
 
-        public List<PathControlPoint> PointsInSegment;
-
         public readonly BindableBool IsSelected = new BindableBool();
         public readonly PathControlPoint ControlPoint;
 
@@ -56,27 +49,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         private IBindable<Vector2> hitObjectPosition;
         private IBindable<float> hitObjectScale;
 
-        [UsedImplicitly]
-        private readonly IBindable<int> hitObjectVersion;
-
         public PathControlPointPiece(T hitObject, PathControlPoint controlPoint)
         {
             this.hitObject = hitObject;
             ControlPoint = controlPoint;
 
-            // we don't want to run the path type update on construction as it may inadvertently change the hit object.
-            cachePoints(hitObject);
-
-            hitObjectVersion = hitObject.Path.Version.GetBoundCopy();
-
-            // schedule ensure that updates are only applied after all operations from a single frame are applied.
-            // this avoids inadvertently changing the hit object path type for batch operations.
-            hitObjectVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(() =>
-            {
-                cachePoints(hitObject);
-                updatePathType();
-            }));
-
             controlPoint.Changed += updateMarkerDisplay;
 
             Origin = Anchor.Centre;
@@ -214,28 +191,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
 
         protected override void OnDragEnd(DragEndEvent e) => DragEnded?.Invoke();
 
-        private void cachePoints(T hitObject) => PointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(ControlPoint);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void updatePathType()
-        {
-            if (ControlPoint.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
-                return;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count > 3)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count != 3)
-                return;
-
-            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = PointsInSegment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
-            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
-            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates the state of the circular control point marker.
         /// </summary>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -76,6 +78,50 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             controlPoints.BindTo(hitObject.Path.ControlPoints);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void EnsureValidPathTypes()
+        {
+            List<PathControlPoint> pointsInCurrentSegment = new List<PathControlPoint>();
+
+            foreach (var controlPoint in controlPoints)
+            {
+                if (controlPoint.Type != null)
+                {
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+                    ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Clear();
+                }
+
+                pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+            }
+
+            ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+        }
+
+        private void ensureValidPathType(IReadOnlyList<PathControlPoint> segment)
+        {
+            if (segment.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            var first = segment[0];
+
+            if (first.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
+                return;
+
+            if (segment.Count > 3)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+
+            if (segment.Count != 3)
+                return;
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = segment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
+            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
+            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Selects the <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/> corresponding to the given <paramref name="pathControlPoint"/>,
         /// and deselects all other <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/>s.
@@ -240,7 +286,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         /// <param name="type">The path type we want to assign to the given control point piece.</param>
         private void updatePathType(PathControlPointPiece<T> piece, PathType? type)
         {
-            int indexInSegment = piece.PointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
+            var pointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(piece.ControlPoint);
+            int indexInSegment = pointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
 
             if (type?.Type == SplineType.PerfectCurve)
             {
@@ -249,8 +296,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
                 // and one segment of the previous type.
                 int thirdPointIndex = indexInSegment + 2;
 
-                if (piece.PointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
-                    piece.PointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = piece.PointsInSegment[0].Type;
+                if (pointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
+                    pointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = pointsInSegment[0].Type;
             }
 
             hitObject.Path.ExpectedDistance.Value = null;
@@ -339,6 +386,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             // Maintain the path types in case they got defaulted to bezier at some point during the drag.
             for (int i = 0; i < hitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Count; i++)
                 hitObject.Path.ControlPoints[i].Type = dragPathTypes[i];
+
+            EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         public void DragEnded() => changeHandler?.EndChange();
@@ -412,6 +461,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             {
                 foreach (var p in Pieces.Where(p => p.IsSelected.Value))
                     updatePathType(p, type);
+
+                EnsureValidPathTypes();
             });
 
             if (countOfState == totalCount)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs

@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                     segmentStart.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
                     break;
             }
+
+            controlPointVisualiser.EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         private void updateCursor()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs

@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
             // Move the control points from the insertion index onwards to make room for the insertion
             controlPoints.Insert(insertionIndex, pathControlPoint);
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 
             return pathControlPoint;
@@ -275,6 +277,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                 controlPoints.Remove(c);
             }
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             // Snap the slider to the current beat divisor before checking length validity.
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/OsuHitObjectComposer.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Tools;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit
                    .Concat(DistanceSnapProvider.CreateTernaryButtons())
                    .Concat(new[]
                    {
-                       new TernaryButton(rectangularGridSnapToggle, "Grid Snap", () => new SpriteIcon { Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Th })
+                       new TernaryButton(rectangularGridSnapToggle, "Grid Snap", () => new SpriteIcon { Icon = OsuIcon.EditorGridSnap })
                    });
 
         private BindableList<HitObject> selectedHitObjects;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDepth.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
+{
+    public class OsuModDepth : ModWithVisibilityAdjustment, IUpdatableByPlayfield, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
+    {
+        public override string Name => "Depth";
+        public override string Acronym => "DP";
+        public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.Cube;
+        public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
+        public override LocalisableString Description => "3D. Almost.";
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModFreezeFrame), typeof(ModWithVisibilityAdjustment) }).ToArray();
+
+        private static readonly Vector3 camera_position = new Vector3(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X * 0.5f, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y * 0.5f, -200);
+        private readonly float sliderMinDepth = depthForScale(1.5f); // Depth at which slider's scale will be 1.5f
+
+        [SettingSource("Maximum depth", "How far away objects appear.", 0)]
+        public BindableFloat MaxDepth { get; } = new BindableFloat(100)
+        {
+            Precision = 10,
+            MinValue = 50,
+            MaxValue = 200
+        };
+
+        [SettingSource("Show Approach Circles", "Whether approach circles should be visible.", 1)]
+        public BindableBool ShowApproachCircles { get; } = new BindableBool(true);
+
+        protected override void ApplyIncreasedVisibilityState(DrawableHitObject hitObject, ArmedState state) => applyTransform(hitObject, state);
+
+        protected override void ApplyNormalVisibilityState(DrawableHitObject hitObject, ArmedState state) => applyTransform(hitObject, state);
+
+        public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
+        {
+            // Hide judgment displays and follow points as they won't make any sense.
+            // Judgements can potentially be turned on in a future where they display at a position relative to their drawable counterpart.
+            drawableRuleset.Playfield.DisplayJudgements.Value = false;
+            (drawableRuleset.Playfield as OsuPlayfield)?.FollowPoints.Hide();
+        }
+
+        private void applyTransform(DrawableHitObject drawable, ArmedState state)
+        {
+            switch (drawable)
+            {
+                case DrawableHitCircle circle:
+                    if (!ShowApproachCircles.Value)
+                    {
+                        var hitObject = (OsuHitObject)drawable.HitObject;
+                        double appearTime = hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.TimePreempt;
+
+                        using (circle.BeginAbsoluteSequence(appearTime))
+                            circle.ApproachCircle.Hide();
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Update(Playfield playfield)
+        {
+            double time = playfield.Time.Current;
+
+            foreach (var drawable in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            {
+                switch (drawable)
+                {
+                    case DrawableHitCircle circle:
+                        processHitObject(time, circle);
+                        break;
+
+                    case DrawableSlider slider:
+                        processSlider(time, slider);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void processHitObject(double time, DrawableOsuHitObject drawable)
+        {
+            var hitObject = drawable.HitObject;
+
+            // Circles are always moving at the constant speed. They'll fade out before reaching the camera even at extreme conditions (AR 11, max depth).
+            double speed = MaxDepth.Value / hitObject.TimePreempt;
+            double appearTime = hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.TimePreempt;
+            float z = MaxDepth.Value - (float)((Math.Max(time, appearTime) - appearTime) * speed);
+
+            float scale = scaleForDepth(z);
+            drawable.Position = toPlayfieldPosition(scale, hitObject.StackedPosition);
+            drawable.Scale = new Vector2(scale);
+        }
+
+        private void processSlider(double time, DrawableSlider drawableSlider)
+        {
+            var hitObject = drawableSlider.HitObject;
+
+            double baseSpeed = MaxDepth.Value / hitObject.TimePreempt;
+            double appearTime = hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.TimePreempt;
+
+            // Allow slider to move at a constant speed if its scale at the end time will be lower than 1.5f
+            float zEnd = MaxDepth.Value - (float)((Math.Max(hitObject.StartTime + hitObject.Duration, appearTime) - appearTime) * baseSpeed);
+
+            if (zEnd > sliderMinDepth)
+            {
+                processHitObject(time, drawableSlider);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            double offsetAfterStartTime = hitObject.Duration + 500;
+            double slowSpeed = Math.Min(-sliderMinDepth / offsetAfterStartTime, baseSpeed);
+
+            double decelerationTime = hitObject.TimePreempt * 0.2;
+            float decelerationDistance = (float)(decelerationTime * (baseSpeed + slowSpeed) * 0.5);
+
+            float z;
+
+            if (time < hitObject.StartTime - decelerationTime)
+            {
+                float fullDistance = decelerationDistance + (float)(baseSpeed * (hitObject.TimePreempt - decelerationTime));
+                z = fullDistance - (float)((Math.Max(time, appearTime) - appearTime) * baseSpeed);
+            }
+            else if (time < hitObject.StartTime)
+            {
+                double timeOffset = time - (hitObject.StartTime - decelerationTime);
+                double deceleration = (slowSpeed - baseSpeed) / decelerationTime;
+                z = decelerationDistance - (float)(baseSpeed * timeOffset + deceleration * timeOffset * timeOffset * 0.5);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                double endTime = hitObject.StartTime + offsetAfterStartTime;
+                z = -(float)((Math.Min(time, endTime) - hitObject.StartTime) * slowSpeed);
+            }
+
+            float scale = scaleForDepth(z);
+            drawableSlider.Position = toPlayfieldPosition(scale, hitObject.StackedPosition);
+            drawableSlider.Scale = new Vector2(scale);
+        }
+
+        private static float scaleForDepth(float depth) => -camera_position.Z / Math.Max(1f, depth - camera_position.Z);
+
+        private static float depthForScale(float scale) => -camera_position.Z / scale + camera_position.Z;
+
+        private static Vector2 toPlayfieldPosition(float scale, Vector2 positionAtZeroDepth)
+        {
+            return (positionAtZeroDepth - camera_position.Xy) * scale + camera_position.Xy;
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject drawable)
         {
             if (drawable is DrawableSlider s)
-                s.Tracking.ValueChanged += flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange;
+                s.OnUpdate += _ => flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange(s);
         }
 
         private partial class OsuFlashlight : Flashlight, IRequireHighFrequencyMousePosition
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                 FlashlightSmoothness = 1.4f;
             }
 
-            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(ValueChangedEvent<bool> e)
+            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(DrawableSlider e)
             {
                 // If a slider is in a tracking state, a further dim should be applied to the (remaining) visible portion of the playfield.
-                FlashlightDim = e.NewValue ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
+                FlashlightDim = Time.Current >= e.HitObject.StartTime && e.Tracking.Value ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
             }
 
             protected override bool OnMouseMove(MouseMoveEvent e)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFreezeFrame.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Burn the notes into your memory.";
 
         //Alters the transforms of the approach circles, breaking the effects of these mods.
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModApproachDifferent), typeof(OsuModTransform) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModApproachDifferent), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(OsuModDepth) }).ToArray();
 
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModHidden.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Play with no approach circles and fading circles/sliders.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.06 : 1;
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModSpinIn) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModSpinIn), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         public const double FADE_IN_DURATION_MULTIPLIER = 0.4;
         public const double FADE_OUT_DURATION_MULTIPLIER = 0.3;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "No need to chase the circles – your cursor is a magnet!";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.5;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModRelax), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModBubbles) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModRelax), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModBubbles), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         [SettingSource("Attraction strength", "How strong the pull is.", 0)]
         public BindableFloat AttractionStrength { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModObjectScaleTween.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         protected virtual float EndScale => 1;
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModSpinIn), typeof(OsuModObjectScaleTween) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModSpinIn), typeof(OsuModObjectScaleTween), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         protected override void ApplyIncreasedVisibilityState(DrawableHitObject hitObject, ArmedState state)
         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                         if (!slider.HeadCircle.IsHit)
                             handleHitCircle(slider.HeadCircle);
 
-                        requiresHold |= slider.Ball.IsHovered || h.IsHovered;
+                        requiresHold |= slider.SliderInputManager.IsMouseInFollowArea(true);
                         break;
 
                     case DrawableSpinner spinner:

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Hit objects run away!";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModBubbles) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModBubbles), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         [SettingSource("Repulsion strength", "How strong the repulsion is.", 0)]
         public BindableFloat RepulsionStrength { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpinIn.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         // todo: this mod needs to be incompatible with "hidden" due to forcing the circle to remain opaque,
         // further implementation will be required for supporting that.
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModObjectScaleTween), typeof(OsuModHidden) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModObjectScaleTween), typeof(OsuModHidden), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         private const int rotate_offset = 360;
         private const float rotate_starting_width = 2;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModStrictTracking.cs

@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                 {
                     if (e.NewValue || slider.Judged) return;
 
+                    if (slider.Time.Current < slider.HitObject.StartTime)
+                        return;
+
                     var tail = slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<StrictTrackingDrawableSliderTail>().First();
 
                     if (!tail.Judged)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTargetPractice.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             typeof(OsuModRandom),
             typeof(OsuModSpunOut),
             typeof(OsuModStrictTracking),
-            typeof(OsuModSuddenDeath)
+            typeof(OsuModSuddenDeath),
+            typeof(OsuModDepth)
         }).ToArray();
 
         [SettingSource("Seed", "Use a custom seed instead of a random one", SettingControlType = typeof(SettingsNumberBox))]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTraceable.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Put your faith in the approach circles...";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IHidesApproachCircles) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IHidesApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         protected override void ApplyIncreasedVisibilityState(DrawableHitObject hitObject, ArmedState state)
         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTransform.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Everything rotates. EVERYTHING.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModFreezeFrame) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModFreezeFrame), typeof(OsuModDepth) }).ToArray();
 
         private float theta;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModWiggle.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "They just won't stay still...";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModDepth) };
 
         private const int wiggle_duration = 100; // (ms) Higher = fewer wiggles
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Layout;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         private Container<DrawableSliderRepeat> repeatContainer;
         private PausableSkinnableSound slidingSample;
 
+        private readonly LayoutValue relativeAnchorPositionLayout;
+
         public DrawableSlider()
             : this(null)
         {
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 AlwaysPresent = true,
                 Alpha = 0
             };
+            AddLayout(relativeAnchorPositionLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize | Invalidation.MiscGeometry));
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -186,6 +190,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                     repeatContainer.Add(repeat);
                     break;
             }
+
+            relativeAnchorPositionLayout.Invalidate();
         }
 
         protected override void ClearNestedHitObjects()
@@ -240,27 +246,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 else if (slidingSample.IsPlaying)
                     slidingSample.Stop();
             }
+        }
+
+        protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
+        {
+            base.UpdateAfterChildren();
+
+            // During slider path editing, the PlaySliderBody is scheduled to refresh once on Update.
+            // It is crucial to perform the code below in UpdateAfterChildren. This ensures that the SliderBody has the opportunity
+            // to update its Size and PathOffset beforehand, ensuring correct placement.
 
             double completionProgress = Math.Clamp((Time.Current - HitObject.StartTime) / HitObject.Duration, 0, 1);
 
             Ball.UpdateProgress(completionProgress);
             SliderBody?.UpdateProgress(HeadCircle.IsHit ? completionProgress : 0);
 
-            foreach (DrawableHitObject hitObject in NestedHitObjects)
-            {
-                if (hitObject is ITrackSnaking s)
-                    s.UpdateSnakingPosition(HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedStart ?? 0), HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedEnd ?? 0));
-            }
+            foreach (DrawableSliderRepeat repeat in repeatContainer)
+                repeat.UpdateSnakingPosition(HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedStart ?? 0), HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedEnd ?? 0));
 
             Size = SliderBody?.Size ?? Vector2.Zero;
             OriginPosition = SliderBody?.PathOffset ?? Vector2.Zero;
 
-            if (DrawSize != Vector2.Zero)
+            if (!relativeAnchorPositionLayout.IsValid)
             {
-                var childAnchorPosition = Vector2.Divide(OriginPosition, DrawSize);
+                Vector2 pos = Vector2.Divide(OriginPosition, DrawSize);
                 foreach (var obj in NestedHitObjects)
-                    obj.RelativeAnchorPosition = childAnchorPosition;
-                Ball.RelativeAnchorPosition = childAnchorPosition;
+                    obj.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
+                Ball.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
+
+                relativeAnchorPositionLayout.Validate();
             }
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderRepeat.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
 {
-    public partial class DrawableSliderRepeat : DrawableOsuHitObject, ITrackSnaking
+    public partial class DrawableSliderRepeat : DrawableOsuHitObject
     {
         public new SliderRepeat HitObject => (SliderRepeat)base.HitObject;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinner.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         private const float spinning_sample_initial_frequency = 1.0f;
         private const float spinning_sample_modulated_base_frequency = 0.5f;
 
-        private SkinnableSound maxBonusSample;
+        private PausableSkinnableSound maxBonusSample;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The amount of bonus score gained from spinning after the required number of spins, for display purposes.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                     Looping = true,
                     Frequency = { Value = spinning_sample_initial_frequency }
                 },
-                maxBonusSample = new SkinnableSound
+                maxBonusSample = new PausableSkinnableSound
                 {
                     MinimumSampleVolume = MINIMUM_SAMPLE_VOLUME,
                 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/ITrackSnaking.cs

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using osuTK;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A component which tracks the current end snaking position of a slider.
-    /// </summary>
-    public interface ITrackSnaking
-    {
-        void UpdateSnakingPosition(Vector2 start, Vector2 end);
-    }
-}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/SliderInputManager.cs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
-            updateTracking(isMouseInFollowArea(Tracking));
+            updateTracking(IsMouseInFollowArea(Tracking));
         }
 
         public void PostProcessHeadJudgement(DrawableSliderHead head)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             if (!head.Judged || !head.Result.IsHit)
                 return;
 
-            if (!isMouseInFollowArea(true))
+            if (!IsMouseInFollowArea(true))
                 return;
 
             Debug.Assert(screenSpaceMousePosition != null);
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             // If all ticks were hit so far, enable tracking the full extent.
             // If any ticks were missed, assume tracking would've broken at some point, and should only activate if the cursor is within the slider ball.
             // For the second case, this may be the last chance we have to enable tracking before other objects get judged, otherwise the same would normally happen via Update().
-            updateTracking(allTicksInRange || isMouseInFollowArea(false));
+            updateTracking(allTicksInRange || IsMouseInFollowArea(false));
         }
 
         public void TryJudgeNestedObject(DrawableOsuHitObject nestedObject, double timeOffset)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         /// Whether the mouse is currently in the follow area.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="expanded">Whether to test against the maximum area of the follow circle.</param>
-        private bool isMouseInFollowArea(bool expanded)
+        public bool IsMouseInFollowArea(bool expanded)
         {
             if (screenSpaceMousePosition is not Vector2 pos)
                 return false;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             set
             {
                 repeatCount = value;
-                updateNestedPositions();
+                endPositionCache.Invalidate();
             }
         }
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         public Slider()
         {
             SamplesBindable.CollectionChanged += (_, _) => UpdateNestedSamples();
-            Path.Version.ValueChanged += _ => updateNestedPositions();
+            Path.Version.ValueChanged += _ => endPositionCache.Invalidate();
         }
 
         protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs

@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
     /// </summary>
     public abstract class SliderEndCircle : HitCircle
     {
-        private readonly Slider slider;
+        protected readonly Slider Slider;
 
         protected SliderEndCircle(Slider slider)
         {
-            this.slider = slider;
+            Slider = slider;
         }
 
         public int RepeatIndex { get; set; }
 
-        public double SpanDuration => slider.SpanDuration;
+        public double SpanDuration => Slider.SpanDuration;
 
         protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             else
             {
                 // The first end circle should fade in with the slider.
-                TimePreempt += StartTime - slider.StartTime;
+                TimePreempt += StartTime - Slider.StartTime;
             }
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTailCircle.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
 
         public class TailJudgement : SliderEndJudgement
         {
-            public override HitResult MaxResult => HitResult.LargeTickHit;
+            public override HitResult MaxResult => HitResult.SliderTailHit;
             public override HitResult MinResult => HitResult.IgnoreMiss;
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
 
         public override ScoreProcessor CreateScoreProcessor() => new OsuScoreProcessor();
 
+        public override HealthProcessor CreateHealthProcessor(double drainStartTime) => new OsuHealthProcessor(drainStartTime);
+
         public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => new OsuBeatmapConverter(beatmap, this);
 
         public override IBeatmapProcessor CreateBeatmapProcessor(IBeatmap beatmap) => new OsuBeatmapProcessor(beatmap);
@@ -209,7 +211,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
                         new ModAdaptiveSpeed(),
                         new OsuModFreezeFrame(),
                         new OsuModBubbles(),
-                        new OsuModSynesthesia()
+                        new OsuModSynesthesia(),
+                        new OsuModDepth()
                     };
 
                 case ModType.System:
@@ -274,6 +277,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
 
                 HitResult.LargeTickHit,
                 HitResult.SmallTickHit,
+                HitResult.SliderTailHit,
                 HitResult.SmallBonus,
                 HitResult.LargeBonus,
             };
@@ -286,6 +290,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
                 case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
                     return "slider tick";
 
+                case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
                 case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
                     return "slider end";
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuHealthProcessor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
+{
+    public partial class OsuHealthProcessor : DrainingHealthProcessor
+    {
+        private ComboResult currentComboResult = ComboResult.Perfect;
+
+        public OsuHealthProcessor(double drainStartTime, double drainLenience = 0)
+            : base(drainStartTime, drainLenience)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override double GetHealthIncreaseFor(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            if (IsSimulating)
+                return getHealthIncreaseFor(result);
+
+            if (result.HitObject is not IHasComboInformation combo)
+                return getHealthIncreaseFor(result);
+
+            if (combo.NewCombo)
+                currentComboResult = ComboResult.Perfect;
+
+            switch (result.Type)
+            {
+                case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
+                case HitResult.Ok:
+                    setComboResult(ComboResult.Good);
+                    break;
+
+                case HitResult.Meh:
+                case HitResult.Miss:
+                    setComboResult(ComboResult.None);
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // The slider tail has a special judgement that can't accurately be described above.
+            if (result.HitObject is SliderTailCircle && !result.IsHit)
+                setComboResult(ComboResult.Good);
+
+            if (combo.LastInCombo && result.Type.IsHit())
+            {
+                switch (currentComboResult)
+                {
+                    case ComboResult.Perfect:
+                        return getHealthIncreaseFor(result) + 0.07;
+
+                    case ComboResult.Good:
+                        return getHealthIncreaseFor(result) + 0.05;
+
+                    default:
+                        return getHealthIncreaseFor(result) + 0.03;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return getHealthIncreaseFor(result);
+
+            void setComboResult(ComboResult comboResult) => currentComboResult = (ComboResult)Math.Min((int)currentComboResult, (int)comboResult);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Reset(bool storeResults)
+        {
+            base.Reset(storeResults);
+            currentComboResult = ComboResult.Perfect;
+        }
+
+        private double getHealthIncreaseFor(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result.Type)
+            {
+                case HitResult.SmallTickMiss:
+                    return IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(Beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate, -0.02, -0.075, -0.14);
+
+                case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
+                    return IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(Beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate, -0.02, -0.075, -0.14);
+
+                case HitResult.Miss:
+                    return IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(Beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate, -0.03, -0.125, -0.2);
+
+                case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
+                    // When classic slider mechanics are enabled, this result comes from the tail.
+                    return 0.02;
+
+                case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
+                case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                    switch (result.HitObject)
+                    {
+                        case SliderTick:
+                            return 0.015;
+
+                        case SliderHeadCircle:
+                        case SliderTailCircle:
+                        case SliderRepeat:
+                            return 0.02;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+
+                case HitResult.Meh:
+                    return 0.002;
+
+                case HitResult.Ok:
+                    return 0.011;
+
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    return 0.03;
+
+                case HitResult.SmallBonus:
+                    return 0.0085;
+
+                case HitResult.LargeBonus:
+                    return 0.01;
+            }
+
+            return base.GetHealthIncreaseFor(result);
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuLegacyHealthProcessor.cs

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
                     increase = 0.02;
                     break;
 
+                case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
                 case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
                     // This result comes from either a slider tick or repeat.
                     increase = hitObject is SliderTick ? 0.015 : 0.02;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
 {
@@ -14,6 +16,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
         {
         }
 
+        public override ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
+        {
+            ScoreRank rank = base.RankFromScore(accuracy, results);
+
+            switch (rank)
+            {
+                case ScoreRank.S:
+                case ScoreRank.X:
+                    if (results.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss) > 0)
+                        rank = ScoreRank.A;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return rank;
+        }
+
         protected override HitEvent CreateHitEvent(JudgementResult result)
             => base.CreateHitEvent(result).With((result as OsuHitCircleJudgementResult)?.CursorPositionAtHit);
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonCursor.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
 {
-    public partial class ArgonCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+    public partial class ArgonCursor : SkinnableCursor
     {
         public ArgonCursor()
         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs

@@ -62,8 +62,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
         /// </remarks>
         public virtual void PlayAnimation()
         {
-            if (Result.IsMiss())
+            if (Result == HitResult.IgnoreMiss || Result == HitResult.LargeTickMiss)
             {
+                this.RotateTo(-45);
+                this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
+                this.ScaleTo(1.2f, 100, Easing.In);
+
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(400);
+            }
+            else if (Result.IsMiss())
+            {
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
+
                 this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
                 this.ScaleTo(1, 100, Easing.In);
 
@@ -75,14 +85,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
             }
             else
             {
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
+
                 JudgementText
                     .FadeInFromZero(300, Easing.OutQuint)
                     .ScaleTo(Vector2.One)
                     .ScaleTo(new Vector2(1.2f), 1800, Easing.OutQuint);
             }
 
-            this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
-
             ringExplosion?.PlayAnimation();
         }
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSpinnerProgressArc.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                     InnerRadius = arc_radius,
                     RoundedCaps = true,
-                    GlowColour = new Color4(171, 255, 255, 255)
+                    GlowColour = new Color4(171, 255, 255, 180)
                 }
             };
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultApproachCircle.cs

@@ -3,47 +3,39 @@
 
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
 {
-    public partial class DefaultApproachCircle : SkinnableSprite
+    public partial class DefaultApproachCircle : Sprite
     {
-        private readonly IBindable<Color4> accentColour = new Bindable<Color4>();
-
         [Resolved]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableObject { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public DefaultApproachCircle()
-            : base("Gameplay/osu/approachcircle")
-        {
-        }
+        private IBindable<Color4> accentColour = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(TextureStore textures)
         {
-            accentColour.BindTo(drawableObject.AccentColour);
+            Texture = textures.Get(@"Gameplay/osu/approachcircle").WithMaximumSize(OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2);
+
+            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
+            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
+            Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = colour.NewValue, true);
-        }
 
-        protected override Drawable CreateDefault(ISkinComponentLookup lookup)
-        {
-            var drawable = base.CreateDefault(lookup);
-
-            // Although this is a non-legacy component, osu-resources currently stores approach circle as a legacy-like texture.
-            // See LegacyApproachCircle for documentation as to why this is required.
-            drawable.Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
-
-            return drawable;
+            accentColour = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
+            accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = LegacyColourCompatibility.DisallowZeroAlpha(colour.NewValue), true);
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/PlaySliderBody.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
             ScaleBindable.BindValueChanged(scale => PathRadius = OsuHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * scale.NewValue, true);
 
             pathVersion = drawableSlider.PathVersion.GetBoundCopy();
-            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Refresh());
+            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(Refresh));
 
             AccentColourBindable = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
             AccentColourBindable.BindValueChanged(accent => AccentColour = GetBodyAccentColour(skin, accent.NewValue), true);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/TrianglesPiece.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
         {
             TriangleScale = 1.2f;
             HideAlphaDiscrepancies = false;
+            ClampAxes = Axes.None;
         }
 
         protected override void Update()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyApproachCircle.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -12,40 +13,31 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 {
-    // todo: this should probably not be a SkinnableSprite, as this is always created for legacy skins and is recreated on skin change.
-    public partial class LegacyApproachCircle : SkinnableSprite
+    public partial class LegacyApproachCircle : Sprite
     {
-        private readonly IBindable<Color4> accentColour = new Bindable<Color4>();
-
         [Resolved]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableObject { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public LegacyApproachCircle()
-            : base("Gameplay/osu/approachcircle", OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2)
-        {
-        }
+        private IBindable<Color4> accentColour = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
-            accentColour.BindTo(drawableObject.AccentColour);
+            var texture = skin.GetTexture(@"approachcircle");
+            Debug.Assert(texture != null);
+            Texture = texture.WithMaximumSize(OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2);
+
+            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
+            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
+            Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
+
+            accentColour = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
             accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = LegacyColourCompatibility.DisallowZeroAlpha(colour.NewValue), true);
         }
-
-        protected override Drawable CreateDefault(ISkinComponentLookup lookup)
-        {
-            var drawable = base.CreateDefault(lookup);
-
-            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
-            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
-            drawable.Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
-
-            return drawable;
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursor.cs

@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 {
-    public partial class LegacyCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+    public partial class LegacyCursor : SkinnableCursor
     {
+        private const float pressed_scale = 1.3f;
+        private const float released_scale = 1f;
+
         private readonly ISkin skin;
         private bool spin;
 
@@ -51,5 +54,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
             if (spin)
                 ExpandTarget.Spin(10000, RotationDirection.Clockwise);
         }
+
+        public override void Expand()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale)
+                        .ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 100, Easing.Out);
+        }
+
+        public override void Contract()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale, 100, Easing.Out);
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyMainCirclePiece.cs

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
                         {
                             decimal? legacyVersion = skin.GetConfig<SkinConfiguration.LegacySetting, decimal>(SkinConfiguration.LegacySetting.Version)?.Value;
 
-                            if (legacyVersion >= 2.0m)
+                            if (legacyVersion > 1.0m)
                                 // legacy skins of version 2.0 and newer only apply very short fade out to the number piece.
                                 hitCircleText.FadeOut(legacy_fade_duration / 4);
                             else

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyNewStyleSpinner.cs

@@ -135,7 +135,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
-            spinningMiddle.Rotation = discTop.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation;
+
+            float turnRatio = spinningMiddle.Texture != null ? 0.5f : 1;
+            discTop.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation * turnRatio;
+            spinningMiddle.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation;
+
             discBottom.Rotation = discTop.Rotation / 3;
 
             glow.Alpha = DrawableSpinner.Progress;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs

@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(DrawableHitObject drawableObject, ISkinSource skinSource)
         {
+            const string lookup_name = @"reversearrow";
+
             drawableRepeat = (DrawableSliderRepeat)drawableObject;
 
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
-            string lookupName = new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.ReverseArrow).LookupName;
-
-            var skin = skinSource.FindProvider(s => s.GetTexture(lookupName) != null);
+            var skin = skinSource.FindProvider(s => s.GetTexture(lookup_name) != null);
 
             InternalChild = arrow = new Sprite
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Texture = skin?.GetTexture(lookupName)?.WithMaximumSize(maxSize: OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2),
+                Texture = skin?.GetTexture(lookup_name)?.WithMaximumSize(maxSize: OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2),
             };
 
             textureIsDefaultSkin = skin is ISkinTransformer transformer && transformer.Skin is DefaultLegacySkin;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs

@@ -163,7 +163,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
                         return null;
 
                     case OsuSkinComponents.ApproachCircle:
-                        return new LegacyApproachCircle();
+                        if (GetTexture(@"approachcircle") != null)
+                            return new LegacyApproachCircle();
+
+                        return null;
 
                     default:
                         throw new UnsupportedSkinComponentException(lookup);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/CursorRippleVisualiser.cs

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         private void load(OsuRulesetConfigManager? rulesetConfig)
         {
             rulesetConfig?.BindWith(OsuRulesetSetting.ShowCursorRipples, showRipples);
+
+            AddInternal(ripplePool);
         }
 
         public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<OsuAction> e)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursor.cs

@@ -24,15 +24,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
     {
         public const float SIZE = 28;
 
-        private const float pressed_scale = 1.2f;
-        private const float released_scale = 1f;
-
         private bool cursorExpand;
 
         private SkinnableDrawable cursorSprite;
         private Container cursorScaleContainer = null!;
 
-        private Drawable expandTarget => (cursorSprite.Drawable as OsuCursorSprite)?.ExpandTarget ?? cursorSprite;
+        private SkinnableCursor skinnableCursor => (SkinnableCursor)cursorSprite.Drawable;
 
         public IBindable<float> CursorScale => cursorScale;
 
@@ -57,23 +54,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
-            InternalChild = cursorScaleContainer = new Container
-            {
-                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Child = cursorSprite = new SkinnableDrawable(new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.Cursor), _ => new DefaultCursor(), confineMode: ConfineMode.NoScaling)
-                {
-                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                }
-            };
+            InternalChild = CreateCursorContent();
 
             userCursorScale = config.GetBindable<float>(OsuSetting.GameplayCursorSize);
-            userCursorScale.ValueChanged += _ => calculateCursorScale();
+            userCursorScale.ValueChanged += _ => cursorScale.Value = CalculateCursorScale();
 
             autoCursorScale = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.AutoCursorSize);
-            autoCursorScale.ValueChanged += _ => calculateCursorScale();
+            autoCursorScale.ValueChanged += _ => cursorScale.Value = CalculateCursorScale();
 
             cursorScale.BindValueChanged(e => cursorScaleContainer.Scale = new Vector2(e.NewValue), true);
         }
@@ -81,10 +68,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            calculateCursorScale();
+            cursorScale.Value = CalculateCursorScale();
         }
 
-        private void calculateCursorScale()
+        protected virtual Drawable CreateCursorContent() => cursorScaleContainer = new Container
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+            Child = cursorSprite = new SkinnableDrawable(new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.Cursor), _ => new DefaultCursor(), confineMode: ConfineMode.NoScaling)
+            {
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+            },
+        };
+
+        protected virtual float CalculateCursorScale()
         {
             float scale = userCursorScale.Value;
 
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
                 scale *= GetScaleForCircleSize(state.Beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize);
             }
 
-            cursorScale.Value = scale;
+            return scale;
         }
 
         protected override void SkinChanged(ISkinSource skin)
@@ -106,10 +105,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         {
             if (!cursorExpand) return;
 
-            expandTarget.ScaleTo(released_scale).ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 400, Easing.OutElasticHalf);
+            skinnableCursor.Expand();
         }
 
-        public void Contract() => expandTarget.ScaleTo(released_scale, 400, Easing.OutQuad);
+        public void Contract() => skinnableCursor.Contract();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the scale applicable to the ActiveCursor based on a beatmap's circle size.
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         public static float GetScaleForCircleSize(float circleSize) =>
             1f - 0.7f * (1f + circleSize - BeatmapDifficulty.DEFAULT_DIFFICULTY) / BeatmapDifficulty.DEFAULT_DIFFICULTY;
 
-        private partial class DefaultCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+        private partial class DefaultCursor : SkinnableCursor
         {
             public DefaultCursor()
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursorSprite.cs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-#nullable disable
-
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
-{
-    public abstract partial class OsuCursorSprite : CompositeDrawable
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The an optional piece of the cursor to expand when in a clicked state.
-        /// If null, the whole cursor will be affected by expansion.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Drawable ExpandTarget { get; protected set; }
-    }
-}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/SkinnableCursor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
+{
+    public abstract partial class SkinnableCursor : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        private const float pressed_scale = 1.2f;
+        private const float released_scale = 1f;
+
+        public virtual void Expand()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale)
+                        .ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 400, Easing.OutElasticHalf);
+        }
+
+        public virtual void Contract()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale, 400, Easing.OutQuad);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The an optional piece of the cursor to expand when in a clicked state.
+        /// If null, the whole cursor will be affected by expansion.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Drawable? ExpandTarget { get; protected set; }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuPlayfield.cs

@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -35,6 +33,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
         private readonly ProxyContainer spinnerProxies;
         private readonly JudgementContainer<DrawableOsuJudgement> judgementLayer;
 
+        private readonly JudgementPooler<DrawableOsuJudgement> judgementPooler;
+
         public SmokeContainer Smoke { get; }
         public FollowPointRenderer FollowPoints { get; }
 
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
 
         protected override GameplayCursorContainer CreateCursor() => new OsuCursorContainer();
 
-        private readonly IDictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>> poolDictionary = new Dictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>>();
-
         private readonly Container judgementAboveHitObjectLayer;
 
         public OsuPlayfield()
@@ -65,24 +63,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
 
             HitPolicy = new StartTimeOrderedHitPolicy();
 
-            foreach (var result in Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r =>
-                     {
-                         switch (r)
-                         {
-                             case HitResult.Great:
-                             case HitResult.Ok:
-                             case HitResult.Meh:
-                             case HitResult.Miss:
-                             case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
-                             case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
-                                 return true;
-                         }
-
-                         return false;
-                     }))
-                poolDictionary.Add(result, new DrawableJudgementPool(result, onJudgementLoaded));
-
-            AddRangeInternal(poolDictionary.Values);
+            AddInternal(judgementPooler = new JudgementPooler<DrawableOsuJudgement>(new[]
+            {
+                HitResult.Great,
+                HitResult.Ok,
+                HitResult.Meh,
+                HitResult.Miss,
+                HitResult.LargeTickMiss,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
+            }, onJudgementLoaded));
 
             NewResult += onNewResult;
         }
@@ -182,10 +171,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             if (!judgedObject.DisplayResult || !DisplayJudgements.Value)
                 return;
 
-            if (!poolDictionary.TryGetValue(result.Type, out var pool))
-                return;
+            var explosion = judgementPooler.Get(result.Type, doj => doj.Apply(result, judgedObject));
 
-            DrawableOsuJudgement explosion = pool.Get(doj => doj.Apply(result, judgedObject));
+            if (explosion == null)
+                return;
 
             judgementLayer.Add(explosion);
 
@@ -201,31 +190,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public void Add(Drawable proxy) => AddInternal(proxy);
         }
 
-        private partial class DrawableJudgementPool : DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>
-        {
-            private readonly HitResult result;
-            private readonly Action<DrawableOsuJudgement> onLoaded;
-
-            public DrawableJudgementPool(HitResult result, Action<DrawableOsuJudgement> onLoaded)
-                : base(20)
-            {
-                this.result = result;
-                this.onLoaded = onLoaded;
-            }
-
-            protected override DrawableOsuJudgement CreateNewDrawable()
-            {
-                var judgement = base.CreateNewDrawable();
-
-                // just a placeholder to initialise the correct drawable hierarchy for this pool.
-                judgement.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject(), new Judgement()) { Type = result }, null);
-
-                onLoaded?.Invoke(judgement);
-
-                return judgement;
-            }
-        }
-
         private class OsuHitObjectLifetimeEntry : HitObjectLifetimeEntry
         {
             public OsuHitObjectLifetimeEntry(HitObject hitObject)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuResumeOverlay.cs

@@ -65,12 +65,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public override bool HandlePositionalInput => true;
 
             public Action ResumeRequested;
+            private Container scaleTransitionContainer;
 
             public OsuClickToResumeCursor()
             {
                 RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both;
             }
 
+            protected override Container CreateCursorContent() => scaleTransitionContainer = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Child = base.CreateCursorContent(),
+            };
+
+            protected override float CalculateCursorScale() =>
+                // Force minimum cursor size so it's easily clickable
+                Math.Max(1f, base.CalculateCursorScale());
+
             protected override bool OnHover(HoverEvent e)
             {
                 updateColour();
@@ -92,7 +105,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
                         if (!IsHovered)
                             return false;
 
-                        this.ScaleTo(2, TRANSITION_TIME, Easing.OutQuint);
+                        scaleTransitionContainer.ScaleTo(2, TRANSITION_TIME, Easing.OutQuint);
 
                         ResumeRequested?.Invoke();
                         return true;
@@ -108,7 +121,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public void Appear() => Schedule(() =>
             {
                 updateColour();
-                this.ScaleTo(4).Then().ScaleTo(1, 1000, Easing.OutQuint);
+
+                // importantly, we perform the scale transition on an underlying container rather than the whole cursor
+                // to prevent attempts of abuse by the scale change in the cursor's hitbox (see: https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/26477).
+                scaleTransitionContainer.ScaleTo(4).Then().ScaleTo(1, 1000, Easing.OutQuint);
             });
 
             private void updateColour()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Mods/TestSceneTaikoModPerfect.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Mods
 {
-    public partial class TestSceneTaikoModPerfect : ModPerfectTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneTaikoModPerfect : ModFailConditionTestScene
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new TestTaikoRuleset();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoHealthProcessorTest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TaikoHealthProcessorTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsOnlyGreat()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsAboveThreshold()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.GreaterThan(0.5));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsBelowThreshold()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.LessThan(0.5));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.True);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDrumRollOnly()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new DrumRoll { Duration = 2000 }
+                }
+            };
+
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+                ho.ApplyDefaults(beatmap.ControlPointInfo, beatmap.Difficulty);
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            foreach (var nested in beatmap.HitObjects[0].NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                var nestedJudgement = nested.CreateJudgement();
+                healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(nested, nestedJudgement) { Type = nestedJudgement.MaxResult });
+            }
+
+            var judgement = beatmap.HitObjects[0].CreateJudgement();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], judgement) { Type = judgement.MaxResult });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSwellOnly()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new DrumRoll { Duration = 2000 }
+                }
+            };
+
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+                ho.ApplyDefaults(beatmap.ControlPointInfo, beatmap.Difficulty);
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            foreach (var nested in beatmap.HitObjects[0].NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                var nestedJudgement = nested.CreateJudgement();
+                healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(nested, nestedJudgement) { Type = nestedJudgement.MaxResult });
+            }
+
+            var judgement = beatmap.HitObjects[0].CreateJudgement();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], judgement) { Type = judgement.MaxResult });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.csproj

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoLegacyScoreSimulator.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -65,11 +66,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
+            difficultyPeppyStars = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs

@@ -31,11 +31,39 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         private double hpMissMultiplier;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sum of all achievable health increases throughout the map.
+        /// Used to determine if there are any objects that give health.
+        /// If there are none, health will be forcibly pulled up to 1 to avoid cases of impassable maps.
+        /// </summary>
+        private double sumOfMaxHealthIncreases;
+
         public TaikoHealthProcessor()
             : base(0.5)
         {
         }
 
+        protected override void ApplyResultInternal(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            base.ApplyResultInternal(result);
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases += result.Judgement.MaxHealthIncrease;
+        }
+
+        protected override void RevertResultInternal(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            base.RevertResultInternal(result);
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases -= result.Judgement.MaxHealthIncrease;
+        }
+
+        protected override void Reset(bool storeResults)
+        {
+            base.Reset(storeResults);
+
+            if (storeResults && sumOfMaxHealthIncreases == 0)
+                Health.Value = 1;
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases = 0;
+        }
+
         public override void ApplyBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             base.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);