diff --git a/osu.Android.props b/osu.Android.props
index b179b8b837..a7376aa5a7 100644
--- a/osu.Android.props
+++ b/osu.Android.props
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2023.1227.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2024.114.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs b/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb3a59cc7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+#nullable disable
+
+#pragma warning disable IDE1006 // Naming rule violation
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+
+namespace osu.Desktop
+{
+    [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "InconsistentNaming")]
+    internal static class NVAPI
+    {
+        private const string osu_filename = "osu!.exe";
+
+        // This is a good reference:
+        // https://github.com/errollw/Warp-and-Blend-Quadros/blob/master/WarpBlend-Quadros/UnwarpAll-Quadros/include/nvapi.h
+        // Note our Stride == their VERSION (e.g. NVDRS_SETTING_VER)
+
+        public const int MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS = 64;
+        public const int UNICODE_STRING_MAX = 2048;
+
+        public const string APPLICATION_NAME = @"osu!";
+        public const string PROFILE_NAME = @"osu!";
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus EnumPhysicalGPUsDelegate([Out] IntPtr[] gpuHandles, out int gpuCount);
+
+        public static readonly EnumPhysicalGPUsDelegate EnumPhysicalGPUs;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus EnumLogicalGPUsDelegate([Out] IntPtr[] gpuHandles, out int gpuCount);
+
+        public static readonly EnumLogicalGPUsDelegate EnumLogicalGPUs;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetSystemTypeDelegate(IntPtr gpuHandle, out NvSystemType systemType);
+
+        public static readonly GetSystemTypeDelegate GetSystemType;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetGPUTypeDelegate(IntPtr gpuHandle, out NvGpuType gpuType);
+
+        public static readonly GetGPUTypeDelegate GetGPUType;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus CreateSessionDelegate(out IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        public static CreateSessionDelegate CreateSession;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus LoadSettingsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        public static LoadSettingsDelegate LoadSettings;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus FindApplicationByNameDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.BStr)] string appName, out IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvApplication application);
+
+        public static FindApplicationByNameDelegate FindApplicationByName;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetCurrentGlobalProfileDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, out IntPtr profileHandle);
+
+        public static GetCurrentGlobalProfileDelegate GetCurrentGlobalProfile;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetProfileInfoDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvProfile profile);
+
+        public static GetProfileInfoDelegate GetProfileInfo;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        public delegate NvStatus GetSettingDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, NvSettingID settingID, ref NvSetting setting);
+
+        public static GetSettingDelegate GetSetting;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus CreateProfileDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, ref NvProfile profile, out IntPtr profileHandle);
+
+        private static readonly CreateProfileDelegate CreateProfile;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus SetSettingDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvSetting setting);
+
+        private static readonly SetSettingDelegate SetSetting;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus EnumApplicationsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, uint startIndex, ref uint appCount, [In, Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] NvApplication[] applications);
+
+        private static readonly EnumApplicationsDelegate EnumApplications;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus CreateApplicationDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle, IntPtr profileHandle, ref NvApplication application);
+
+        private static readonly CreateApplicationDelegate CreateApplication;
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate NvStatus SaveSettingsDelegate(IntPtr sessionHandle);
+
+        private static readonly SaveSettingsDelegate SaveSettings;
+
+        public static NvStatus Status { get; private set; } = NvStatus.OK;
+        public static bool Available { get; private set; }
+
+        private static IntPtr sessionHandle;
+
+        public static bool IsUsingOptimusDedicatedGpu
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return false;
+
+                if (!IsLaptop)
+                    return false;
+
+                IntPtr profileHandle;
+                if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out _, out bool _))
+                    return false;
+
+                // Get the optimus setting
+                NvSetting setting;
+                if (!getSetting(NvSettingID.SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ID, profileHandle, out setting))
+                    return false;
+
+                return (setting.U32CurrentValue & (uint)NvShimSetting.SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ENABLE) > 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsLaptop
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return false;
+
+                // Make sure that this is a laptop.
+                var gpus = new IntPtr[64];
+                if (checkError(EnumPhysicalGPUs(gpus, out int gpuCount)))
+                    return false;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < gpuCount; i++)
+                {
+                    if (checkError(GetSystemType(gpus[i], out var type)))
+                        return false;
+
+                    if (type == NvSystemType.LAPTOP)
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static NvThreadControlSetting ThreadedOptimisations
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                IntPtr profileHandle;
+                if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out _, out bool _))
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                // Get the threaded optimisations setting
+                NvSetting setting;
+                if (!getSetting(NvSettingID.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID, profileHandle, out setting))
+                    return NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
+                return (NvThreadControlSetting)setting.U32CurrentValue;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (!Available)
+                    return;
+
+                bool success = setSetting(NvSettingID.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID, (uint)value);
+
+                Logger.Log(success ? $"Threaded optimizations set to \"{value}\"!" : "Threaded optimizations set failed!");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the profile contains the current application.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the profile contains the current application.</returns>
+        private static bool containsApplication(IntPtr profileHandle, NvProfile profile, out NvApplication application)
+        {
+            application = new NvApplication
+            {
+                Version = NvApplication.Stride
+            };
+
+            if (profile.NumOfApps == 0)
+                return false;
+
+            NvApplication[] applications = new NvApplication[profile.NumOfApps];
+            applications[0].Version = NvApplication.Stride;
+
+            uint numApps = profile.NumOfApps;
+
+            if (checkError(EnumApplications(sessionHandle, profileHandle, 0, ref numApps, applications)))
+                return false;
+
+            for (uint i = 0; i < numApps; i++)
+            {
+                if (applications[i].AppName == osu_filename)
+                {
+                    application = applications[i];
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves the profile of the current application.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle.</param>
+        /// <param name="application">The current application description.</param>
+        /// <param name="isApplicationSpecific">If this profile is not a global (default) profile.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool getProfile(out IntPtr profileHandle, out NvApplication application, out bool isApplicationSpecific)
+        {
+            application = new NvApplication
+            {
+                Version = NvApplication.Stride
+            };
+
+            isApplicationSpecific = true;
+
+            if (checkError(FindApplicationByName(sessionHandle, osu_filename, out profileHandle, ref application)))
+            {
+                isApplicationSpecific = false;
+                if (checkError(GetCurrentGlobalProfile(sessionHandle, out profileHandle)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool createProfile(out IntPtr profileHandle)
+        {
+            NvProfile newProfile = new NvProfile
+            {
+                Version = NvProfile.Stride,
+                IsPredefined = 0,
+                ProfileName = PROFILE_NAME,
+                GPUSupport = new uint[32]
+            };
+
+            newProfile.GPUSupport[0] = 1;
+
+            if (checkError(CreateProfile(sessionHandle, ref newProfile, out profileHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a setting from the profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="settingId">The setting to retrieve.</param>
+        /// <param name="profileHandle">The profile handle to retrieve the setting from.</param>
+        /// <param name="setting">The setting.</param>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool getSetting(NvSettingID settingId, IntPtr profileHandle, out NvSetting setting)
+        {
+            setting = new NvSetting
+            {
+                Version = NvSetting.Stride,
+                SettingID = settingId
+            };
+
+            if (checkError(GetSetting(sessionHandle, profileHandle, settingId, ref setting)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool setSetting(NvSettingID settingId, uint settingValue)
+        {
+            NvApplication application;
+            IntPtr profileHandle;
+            bool isApplicationSpecific;
+            if (!getProfile(out profileHandle, out application, out isApplicationSpecific))
+                return false;
+
+            if (!isApplicationSpecific)
+            {
+                // We don't want to interfere with the user's other settings, so let's create a separate config for osu!
+                if (!createProfile(out profileHandle))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            NvSetting newSetting = new NvSetting
+            {
+                Version = NvSetting.Stride,
+                SettingID = settingId,
+                U32CurrentValue = settingValue
+            };
+
+            // Set the thread state
+            if (checkError(SetSetting(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref newSetting)))
+                return false;
+
+            // Get the profile (needed to check app count)
+            NvProfile profile = new NvProfile
+            {
+                Version = NvProfile.Stride
+            };
+            if (checkError(GetProfileInfo(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref profile)))
+                return false;
+
+            if (!containsApplication(profileHandle, profile, out application))
+            {
+                // Need to add the current application to the profile
+                application.IsPredefined = 0;
+
+                application.AppName = osu_filename;
+                application.UserFriendlyName = APPLICATION_NAME;
+
+                if (checkError(CreateApplication(sessionHandle, profileHandle, ref application)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            // Save!
+            return !checkError(SaveSettings(sessionHandle));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a session to access the driver configuration.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the operation succeeded.</returns>
+        private static bool createSession()
+        {
+            if (checkError(CreateSession(out sessionHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            // Load settings into session
+            if (checkError(LoadSettings(sessionHandle)))
+                return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool checkError(NvStatus status)
+        {
+            Status = status;
+            return status != NvStatus.OK;
+        }
+
+        static NVAPI()
+        {
+            // TODO: check whether gpu vendor contains NVIDIA before attempting load?
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Try to load NVAPI
+                if ((IntPtr.Size == 4 && loadLibrary(@"nvapi.dll") == IntPtr.Zero)
+                    || (IntPtr.Size == 8 && loadLibrary(@"nvapi64.dll") == IntPtr.Zero))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                InitializeDelegate initialize;
+                getDelegate(0x0150E828, out initialize);
+
+                if (initialize?.Invoke() == NvStatus.OK)
+                {
+                    // IDs can be found here: https://github.com/jNizM/AHK_NVIDIA_NvAPI/blob/master/info/NvAPI_IDs.txt
+
+                    getDelegate(0xE5AC921F, out EnumPhysicalGPUs);
+                    getDelegate(0x48B3EA59, out EnumLogicalGPUs);
+                    getDelegate(0xBAAABFCC, out GetSystemType);
+                    getDelegate(0xC33BAEB1, out GetGPUType);
+                    getDelegate(0x0694D52E, out CreateSession);
+                    getDelegate(0x375DBD6B, out LoadSettings);
+                    getDelegate(0xEEE566B2, out FindApplicationByName);
+                    getDelegate(0x617BFF9F, out GetCurrentGlobalProfile);
+                    getDelegate(0x577DD202, out SetSetting);
+                    getDelegate(0x61CD6FD6, out GetProfileInfo);
+                    getDelegate(0x73BF8338, out GetSetting);
+                    getDelegate(0xCC176068, out CreateProfile);
+                    getDelegate(0x7FA2173A, out EnumApplications);
+                    getDelegate(0x4347A9DE, out CreateApplication);
+                    getDelegate(0xFCBC7E14, out SaveSettings);
+                }
+
+                if (createSession())
+                    Available = true;
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+
+        private static void getDelegate<T>(uint id, out T newDelegate) where T : class
+        {
+            IntPtr ptr = IntPtr.Size == 4 ? queryInterface32(id) : queryInterface64(id);
+            newDelegate = ptr == IntPtr.Zero ? null : Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer(ptr, typeof(T)) as T;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "LoadLibrary")]
+        private static extern IntPtr loadLibrary(string dllToLoad);
+
+        [DllImport(@"nvapi.dll", EntryPoint = "nvapi_QueryInterface", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private static extern IntPtr queryInterface32(uint id);
+
+        [DllImport(@"nvapi64.dll", EntryPoint = "nvapi_QueryInterface", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private static extern IntPtr queryInterface64(uint id);
+
+        private delegate NvStatus InitializeDelegate();
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvSetting
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string SettingName;
+
+        public NvSettingID SettingID;
+        public uint SettingType;
+        public uint SettingLocation;
+        public uint IsCurrentPredefined;
+        public uint IsPredefinedValid;
+
+        public uint U32PredefinedValue;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string StringPredefinedValue;
+
+        public uint U32CurrentValue;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string StringCurrentValue;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvSetting)) | (1 << 16);
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvProfile
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string ProfileName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray)]
+        public uint[] GPUSupport;
+
+        public uint IsPredefined;
+        public uint NumOfApps;
+        public uint NumOfSettings;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvProfile)) | (1 << 16);
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    internal struct NvApplication
+    {
+        public uint Version;
+        public uint IsPredefined;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string AppName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string UserFriendlyName;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string Launcher;
+
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
+        public string FileInFolder;
+
+        public static uint Stride => (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NvApplication)) | (2 << 16);
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvStatus
+    {
+        OK = 0, // Success. Request is completed.
+        ERROR = -1, // Generic error
+        LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -2, // NVAPI support library cannot be loaded.
+        NO_IMPLEMENTATION = -3, // not implemented in current driver installation
+        API_NOT_INITIALIZED = -4, // Initialize has not been called (successfully)
+        INVALID_ARGUMENT = -5, // The argument/parameter value is not valid or NULL.
+        NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND = -6, // No NVIDIA display driver, or NVIDIA GPU driving a display, was found.
+        END_ENUMERATION = -7, // No more items to enumerate
+        INVALID_HANDLE = -8, // Invalid handle
+        INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION = -9, // An argument's structure version is not supported
+        HANDLE_INVALIDATED = -10, // The handle is no longer valid (likely due to GPU or display re-configuration)
+        OPENGL_CONTEXT_NOT_CURRENT = -11, // No NVIDIA OpenGL context is current (but needs to be)
+        INVALID_POINTER = -14, // An invalid pointer, usually NULL, was passed as a parameter
+        NO_GL_EXPERT = -12, // OpenGL Expert is not supported by the current drivers
+        INSTRUMENTATION_DISABLED = -13, // OpenGL Expert is supported, but driver instrumentation is currently disabled
+        NO_GL_NSIGHT = -15, // OpenGL does not support Nsight
+
+        EXPECTED_LOGICAL_GPU_HANDLE = -100, // Expected a logical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+        EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE = -101, // Expected a physical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+        EXPECTED_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -102, // Expected an NV display handle for one or more parameters
+        INVALID_COMBINATION = -103, // The combination of parameters is not valid.
+        NOT_SUPPORTED = -104, // Requested feature is not supported in the selected GPU
+        PORTID_NOT_FOUND = -105, // No port ID was found for the I2C transaction
+        EXPECTED_UNATTACHED_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -106, // Expected an unattached display handle as one of the input parameters.
+        INVALID_PERF_LEVEL = -107, // Invalid perf level
+        DEVICE_BUSY = -108, // Device is busy; request not fulfilled
+        NV_PERSIST_FILE_NOT_FOUND = -109, // NV persist file is not found
+        PERSIST_DATA_NOT_FOUND = -110, // NV persist data is not found
+        EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY = -111, // Expected a TV output display
+        EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY_ON_DCONNECTOR = -112, // Expected a TV output on the D Connector - HDTV_EIAJ4120.
+        NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY = -113, // SLI is not active on this device.
+        SLI_RENDERING_MODE_NOTALLOWED = -114, // Setup of SLI rendering mode is not possible right now.
+        EXPECTED_DIGITAL_FLAT_PANEL = -115, // Expected a digital flat panel.
+        ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE = -116, // Argument exceeds the expected size.
+        DEVICE_SWITCHING_NOT_ALLOWED = -117, // Inhibit is ON due to one of the flags in NV_GPU_DISPLAY_CHANGE_INHIBIT or SLI active.
+        TESTING_CLOCKS_NOT_SUPPORTED = -118, // Testing of clocks is not supported.
+        UNKNOWN_UNDERSCAN_CONFIG = -119, // The specified underscan config is from an unknown source (e.g. INF)
+        TIMEOUT_RECONFIGURING_GPU_TOPO = -120, // Timeout while reconfiguring GPUs
+        DATA_NOT_FOUND = -121, // Requested data was not found
+        EXPECTED_ANALOG_DISPLAY = -122, // Expected an analog display
+        NO_VIDLINK = -123, // No SLI video bridge is present
+        REQUIRES_REBOOT = -124, // NVAPI requires a reboot for the settings to take effect
+        INVALID_HYBRID_MODE = -125, // The function is not supported with the current Hybrid mode.
+        MIXED_TARGET_TYPES = -126, // The target types are not all the same
+        SYSWOW64_NOT_SUPPORTED = -127, // The function is not supported from 32-bit on a 64-bit system.
+        IMPLICIT_SET_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_NOT_ALLOWED = -128, // There is no implicit GPU topology active. Use SetHybridMode to change topology.
+        REQUEST_USER_TO_CLOSE_NON_MIGRATABLE_APPS = -129, // Prompt the user to close all non-migratable applications.
+        OUT_OF_MEMORY = -130, // Could not allocate sufficient memory to complete the call.
+        WAS_STILL_DRAWING = -131, // The previous operation that is transferring information to or from this surface is incomplete.
+        FILE_NOT_FOUND = -132, // The file was not found.
+        TOO_MANY_UNIQUE_STATE_OBJECTS = -133, // There are too many unique instances of a particular type of state object.
+        INVALID_CALL = -134, // The method call is invalid. For example, a method's parameter may not be a valid pointer.
+        D3D10_1_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -135, // d3d10_1.dll cannot be loaded.
+        FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND = -136, // Couldn't find the function in the loaded DLL.
+        INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE = -137, // Current User is not Admin.
+        EXPECTED_NON_PRIMARY_DISPLAY_HANDLE = -138, // The handle corresponds to GDIPrimary.
+        EXPECTED_COMPUTE_GPU_HANDLE = -139, // Setting Physx GPU requires that the GPU is compute-capable.
+        STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED = -140, // The Stereo part of NVAPI failed to initialize completely. Check if the stereo driver is installed.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED = -141, // Access to stereo-related registry keys or values has failed.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -142, // The given registry profile type is not supported.
+        STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -143, // The given registry value is not supported.
+        STEREO_NOT_ENABLED = -144, // Stereo is not enabled and the function needed it to execute completely.
+        STEREO_NOT_TURNED_ON = -145, // Stereo is not turned on and the function needed it to execute completely.
+        STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE = -146, // Invalid device interface.
+        STEREO_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE = -147, // Separation percentage or JPEG image capture quality is out of [0-100] range.
+        STEREO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -148, // The given frustum adjust mode is not supported.
+        TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE = -149, // The mosaic topology is not possible given the current state of the hardware.
+        MODE_CHANGE_FAILED = -150, // An attempt to do a display resolution mode change has failed.
+        D3D11_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = -151, // d3d11.dll/d3d11_beta.dll cannot be loaded.
+        INVALID_ADDRESS = -152, // Address is outside of valid range.
+        STRING_TOO_SMALL = -153, // The pre-allocated string is too small to hold the result.
+        MATCHING_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND = -154, // The input does not match any of the available devices.
+        DRIVER_RUNNING = -155, // Driver is running.
+        DRIVER_NOTRUNNING = -156, // Driver is not running.
+        ERROR_DRIVER_RELOAD_REQUIRED = -157, // A driver reload is required to apply these settings.
+        SET_NOT_ALLOWED = -158, // Intended setting is not allowed.
+        ADVANCED_DISPLAY_TOPOLOGY_REQUIRED = -159, // Information can't be returned due to "advanced display topology".
+        SETTING_NOT_FOUND = -160, // Setting is not found.
+        SETTING_SIZE_TOO_LARGE = -161, // Setting size is too large.
+        TOO_MANY_SETTINGS_IN_PROFILE = -162, // There are too many settings for a profile.
+        PROFILE_NOT_FOUND = -163, // Profile is not found.
+        PROFILE_NAME_IN_USE = -164, // Profile name is duplicated.
+        PROFILE_NAME_EMPTY = -165, // Profile name is empty.
+        EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND = -166, // Application not found in the Profile.
+        EXECUTABLE_ALREADY_IN_USE = -167, // Application already exists in the other profile.
+        DATATYPE_MISMATCH = -168, // Data Type mismatch
+        PROFILE_REMOVED = -169, // The profile passed as parameter has been removed and is no longer valid.
+        UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE = -170, // An unregistered resource was passed as a parameter.
+        ID_OUT_OF_RANGE = -171, // The DisplayId corresponds to a display which is not within the normal outputId range.
+        DISPLAYCONFIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = -172, // Display topology is not valid so the driver cannot do a mode set on this configuration.
+        DPMST_CHANGED = -173, // Display Port Multi-Stream topology has been changed.
+        INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = -174, // Input buffer is insufficient to hold the contents.
+        ACCESS_DENIED = -175, // No access to the caller.
+        MOSAIC_NOT_ACTIVE = -176, // The requested action cannot be performed without Mosaic being enabled.
+        SHARE_RESOURCE_RELOCATED = -177, // The surface is relocated away from video memory.
+        REQUEST_USER_TO_DISABLE_DWM = -178, // The user should disable DWM before calling NvAPI.
+        D3D_DEVICE_LOST = -179, // D3D device status is D3DERR_DEVICELOST or D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET - the user has to reset the device.
+        INVALID_CONFIGURATION = -180, // The requested action cannot be performed in the current state.
+        STEREO_HANDSHAKE_NOT_DONE = -181, // Call failed as stereo handshake not completed.
+        EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS = -182, // The path provided was too short to determine the correct NVDRS_APPLICATION
+        DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_IS_NOT_DEFINED = -183, // Default stereo profile is not currently defined
+        DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = -184, // Default stereo profile does not exist
+        CLUSTER_ALREADY_EXISTS = -185, // A cluster is already defined with the given configuration.
+        DPMST_DISPLAY_ID_EXPECTED = -186, // The input display id is not that of a multi stream enabled connector or a display device in a multi stream topology
+        INVALID_DISPLAY_ID = -187, // The input display id is not valid or the monitor associated to it does not support the current operation
+        STREAM_IS_OUT_OF_SYNC = -188, // While playing secure audio stream, stream goes out of sync
+        INCOMPATIBLE_AUDIO_DRIVER = -189, // Older audio driver version than required
+        VALUE_ALREADY_SET = -190, // Value already set, setting again not allowed.
+        TIMEOUT = -191, // Requested operation timed out
+        GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_INCOMPLETE = -192, // The requested workstation feature set has incomplete driver internal allocation resources
+        STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_NOT_DONE = -193, // Call failed because InitActivation was not called.
+        SYNC_NOT_ACTIVE = -194, // The requested action cannot be performed without Sync being enabled.
+        SYNC_MASTER_NOT_FOUND = -195, // The requested action cannot be performed without Sync Master being enabled.
+        INVALID_SYNC_TOPOLOGY = -196, // Invalid displays passed in the NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY pointer.
+        ECID_SIGN_ALGO_UNSUPPORTED = -197, // The specified signing algorithm is not supported. Either an incorrect value was entered or the current installed driver/hardware does not support the input value.
+        ECID_KEY_VERIFICATION_FAILED = -198, // The encrypted public key verification has failed.
+        FIRMWARE_OUT_OF_DATE = -199, // The device's firmware is out of date.
+        FIRMWARE_REVISION_NOT_SUPPORTED = -200, // The device's firmware is not supported.
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvSystemType
+    {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        LAPTOP = 1,
+        DESKTOP = 2
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvGpuType
+    {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        IGPU = 1, // Integrated
+        DGPU = 2, // Discrete
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvSettingID : uint
+    {
+        OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_ID = 0x2089BF6C,
+        OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_ID = 0x2097C2F6,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_ID = 0x206A6582,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_ID = 0x206C4581,
+        OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_ID = 0x20655CFA,
+        OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_ID = 0x209DF23E,
+        OGL_EXTENSION_STRING_VERSION_ID = 0x20FF7493,
+        OGL_FORCE_BLIT_ID = 0x201F619F,
+        OGL_FORCE_STEREO_ID = 0x204D9A0C,
+        OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_ID = 0x20D0F3E6,
+        OGL_MAX_FRAMES_ALLOWED_ID = 0x208E55E3,
+        OGL_MULTIMON_ID = 0x200AEBFC,
+        OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_ID = 0x209AE66F,
+        OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_ID = 0x206C28C4,
+        OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID = 0x20797D6C,
+        OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_ID = 0x20A29055,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID = 0x20C1221E,
+        OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_ID = 0x20FDD1F9,
+        OGL_VIDEO_EDITING_MODE_ID = 0x20EE02B4,
+        AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID = 0x10ECDB82,
+        AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_ID = 0x10FC2D9C,
+        AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_ID = 0x107D639D,
+        AA_MODE_METHOD_ID = 0x10D773D2,
+        AA_MODE_REPLAY_ID = 0x10D48A85,
+        AA_MODE_SELECTOR_ID = 0x107EFC5B,
+        AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_ID = 0x107AFC5B,
+        ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_ID = 0x101E61A9,
+        ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_ID = 0x10D2BB16,
+        APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_ID = 0x104554B6,
+        APPLICATION_STEAM_ID_ID = 0x107CDDBC,
+        CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_ID = 0x106D5CFF,
+        CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_ID = 0x10354FF8,
+        D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_ID = 0x10D1EF29,
+        EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_ID = 0x108F0841,
+        FXAA_ALLOW_ID = 0x1034CB89,
+        FXAA_ENABLE_ID = 0x1074C972,
+        FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_ID = 0x1068FB9C,
+        MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_ID = 0x10287051,
+        OPTIMUS_MAXAA_ID = 0x10F9DC83,
+        PHYSXINDICATOR_ID = 0x1094F16F,
+        PREFERRED_PSTATE_ID = 0x1057EB71,
+        PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_ID = 0x103BCCB5,
+        PS_FRAMERATE_LIMITER_ID = 0x10834FEE,
+        PS_FRAMERATE_LIMITER_GPS_CTRL_ID = 0x10834F01,
+        SHIM_MAXRES_ID = 0x10F9DC82,
+        SHIM_MCCOMPAT_ID = 0x10F9DC80,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ID = 0x10F9DC81,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ID = 0x10F9DC84,
+        SLI_GPU_COUNT_ID = 0x1033DCD1,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_ID = 0x1033DCD2,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_ID = 0x1033DCD3,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_ID = 0x1033CEC1,
+        SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_ID = 0x1033CEC2,
+        SLI_RENDERING_MODE_ID = 0x1033CED1,
+        VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_ID = 0x1094F157,
+        VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_ID = 0x1095F16F,
+        VRRREQUESTSTATE_ID = 0x1094F1F7,
+        VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_ID = 0x101AE763,
+        VSYNCVRRCONTROL_ID = 0x10A879CE,
+        VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID = 0x10FDEC23,
+        WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_ID = 0x11AE435C,
+        WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_ID = 0x11E91A61,
+        WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_ID = 0x11112233,
+        WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_ID = 0x112493BD,
+        WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_ID = 0x11AA9E99,
+        WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_ID = 0x11333333,
+        AO_MODE_ID = 0x00667329,
+        AO_MODE_ACTIVE_ID = 0x00664339,
+        AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_ID = 0x00638E8F,
+        ICAFE_LOGO_CONFIG_ID = 0x00DB1337,
+        LODBIASADJUST_ID = 0x00738E8F,
+        PRERENDERLIMIT_ID = 0x007BA09E,
+        PS_DYNAMIC_TILING_ID = 0x00E5C6C0,
+        PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_ID = 0x00198FFF,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_ID = 0x00E73211,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_ID = 0x0084CD70,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_ID = 0x002ECAF2,
+        PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_ID = 0x0019BB68,
+        QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID = 0x00CE2691,
+        REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_ID = 0x0064B541,
+        SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_ID = 0x00AE785C,
+        SET_VAB_DATA_ID = 0x00AB8687,
+        VSYNCMODE_ID = 0x00A879CF,
+        VSYNCTEARCONTROL_ID = 0x005A375C,
+        TOTAL_DWORD_SETTING_NUM = 80,
+        TOTAL_WSTRING_SETTING_NUM = 4,
+        TOTAL_SETTING_NUM = 84,
+        INVALID_SETTING_ID = 0xFFFFFFFF
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvShimSetting : uint
+    {
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_INTEGRATED = 0x00000000,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ENABLE = 0x00000001,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_USER_EDITABLE = 0x00000002,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_MASK = 0x00000003,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VIDEO_MASK = 0x00000004,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VARYING_BIT = 0x00000008,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT = 0x00000010,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_OVERRIDE_BIT = 0x80000000,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+        SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_DEFAULT = SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT
+    }
+
+    internal enum NvThreadControlSetting : uint
+    {
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ENABLE = 0x00000001,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DISABLE = 0x00000002,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+        OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT = 0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/Program.cs b/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
index a33e845f5b..6b95a82703 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
+++ b/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,19 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [STAThread]
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
-            // run Squirrel first, as the app may exit after these run
+            /*
+             * WARNING: DO NOT PLACE **ANY** CODE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING BLOCK!
+             *
+             * Logic handling Squirrel MUST run before EVERYTHING if you do not want to break it.
+             * To be more precise: Squirrel is internally using a rather... crude method to determine whether it is running under NUnit,
+             * namely by checking loaded assemblies:
+             * https://github.com/clowd/Clowd.Squirrel/blob/24427217482deeeb9f2cacac555525edfc7bd9ac/src/Squirrel/SimpleSplat/PlatformModeDetector.cs#L17-L32
+             *
+             * If it finds ANY assembly from the ones listed above - REGARDLESS of the reason why it is loaded -
+             * the app will then do completely broken things like:
+             * - not creating system shortcuts (as the logic is if'd out if "running tests")
+             * - not exiting after the install / first-update / uninstall hooks are ran (as the `Environment.Exit()` calls are if'd out if "running tests")
+             */
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
                 var windowsVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
@@ -54,6 +66,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 setupSquirrel();
             }
 
+            // NVIDIA profiles are based on the executable name of a process.
+            // Lazer and stable share the same executable name.
+            // Stable sets this setting to "Off", which may not be what we want, so let's force it back to the default "Auto" on startup.
+            NVAPI.ThreadedOptimisations = NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
             // Back up the cwd before DesktopGameHost changes it
             string cwd = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchModHidden.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchModHidden.cs
index 419a846ec3..825e8c697c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchModHidden.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchModHidden.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
                 Mod = new CatchModHidden(),
                 PassCondition = () => Player.Results.Count > 0
                                       && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableJuiceStream>().Single().Alpha > 0
-                                      && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableFruit>().Last().Alpha > 0
+                                      && Player.ChildrenOfType<DrawableFruit>().First().Alpha > 0
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchLegacyScoreSimulator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
index f65b6ef381..f931795ff2 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -62,13 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            int difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
-
-            scoreMultiplier = difficultyPeppyStars;
+            scoreMultiplier = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableBananaShower.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableBananaShower.cs
index 03adbce885..9ee4a15182 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableBananaShower.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableBananaShower.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft;
 
-            AddInternal(bananaContainer = new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both });
+            AddInternal(bananaContainer = new NestedFruitContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both });
         }
 
         protected override void AddNestedHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableJuiceStream.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableJuiceStream.cs
index 41ecf59276..677b61df47 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableJuiceStream.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableJuiceStream.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft;
 
-            AddInternal(dropletContainer = new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both, });
+            AddInternal(dropletContainer = new NestedFruitContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both, });
         }
 
         protected override void AddNestedHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/NestedFruitContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/NestedFruitContainer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90bdb0237e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/NestedFruitContainer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
+{
+    public partial class NestedFruitContainer : Container
+    {
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This comparison logic is a copy of <see cref="HitObjectContainer"/> comparison logic,
+        /// which can't be easily extracted to a more common place.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <seealso cref="HitObjectContainer.Compare"/>
+        protected override int Compare(Drawable x, Drawable y)
+        {
+            if (x is not DrawableCatchHitObject xObj || y is not DrawableCatchHitObject yObj)
+                return base.Compare(x, y);
+
+            int result = yObj.HitObject.StartTime.CompareTo(xObj.HitObject.StartTime);
+            return result == 0 ? CompareReverseChildID(x, y) : result;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
index 4b3d378889..161a59c5fd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -20,20 +21,73 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring
         private const int combo_cap = 200;
         private const double combo_base = 4;
 
+        private double fruitTinyScale;
+
         public CatchScoreProcessor()
             : base(new CatchRuleset())
         {
         }
 
+        protected override void Reset(bool storeResults)
+        {
+            base.Reset(storeResults);
+
+            // large ticks are *purposefully* not counted to match stable
+            int fruitTinyScaleDivisor = MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) + MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Great);
+            fruitTinyScale = fruitTinyScaleDivisor == 0
+                ? 0
+                : (double)MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / fruitTinyScaleDivisor;
+        }
+
         protected override double ComputeTotalScore(double comboProgress, double accuracyProgress, double bonusPortion)
         {
-            return 600000 * comboProgress
-                   + 400000 * Accuracy.Value * accuracyProgress
+            const int max_tiny_droplets_portion = 400000;
+
+            double comboPortion = 1000000 - max_tiny_droplets_portion + max_tiny_droplets_portion * (1 - fruitTinyScale);
+            double dropletsPortion = max_tiny_droplets_portion * fruitTinyScale;
+            double dropletsHit = MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) == 0
+                ? 0
+                : (double)ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit);
+
+            return comboPortion * comboProgress
+                   + dropletsPortion * dropletsHit
                    + bonusPortion;
         }
 
+        public override int GetBaseScoreForResult(HitResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+                // dirty hack to emulate accuracy on stable weighting every object equally in accuracy portion
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
+                    return 300;
+
+                case HitResult.LargeBonus:
+                    return 200;
+            }
+
+            return base.GetBaseScoreForResult(result);
+        }
+
         protected override double GetComboScoreChange(JudgementResult result)
-            => GetBaseScoreForResult(result.Type) * Math.Min(Math.Max(0.5, Math.Log(result.ComboAfterJudgement, combo_base)), Math.Log(combo_cap, combo_base));
+        {
+            double baseIncrease = 0;
+
+            switch (result.Type)
+            {
+                case HitResult.Great:
+                    baseIncrease = 300;
+                    break;
+
+                case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                    baseIncrease = 100;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return baseIncrease * Math.Min(Math.Max(0.5, Math.Log(result.ComboAfterJudgement, combo_base)), Math.Log(combo_cap, combo_base));
+        }
 
         public override ScoreRank RankFromAccuracy(double accuracy)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
index a353914cd5..defbb97c8a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 {
@@ -21,5 +31,51 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
         [Test]
         public void TestComboBasedSize([Values] bool comboBasedSize) => CreateModTest(new ModTestData { Mod = new OsuModFlashlight { ComboBasedSize = { Value = comboBasedSize } }, PassCondition = () => true });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDimsOnlyAfterStartTime()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime < 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && !sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new HitCircle { StartTime = 0, },
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                    BeatmapInfo =
+                    {
+                        StackLeniency = 0,
+                    }
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(990, new Vector2()),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuLegacyScoreSimulator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
index a76054b42c..b808deab5c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
@@ -62,13 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            int difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
-
-            scoreMultiplier = difficultyPeppyStars;
+            scoreMultiplier = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
index 03792d8520..e741d67e3b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
@@ -4,20 +4,15 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
@@ -41,8 +36,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         public Action<DragEvent> DragInProgress;
         public Action DragEnded;
 
-        public List<PathControlPoint> PointsInSegment;
-
         public readonly BindableBool IsSelected = new BindableBool();
         public readonly PathControlPoint ControlPoint;
 
@@ -56,27 +49,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         private IBindable<Vector2> hitObjectPosition;
         private IBindable<float> hitObjectScale;
 
-        [UsedImplicitly]
-        private readonly IBindable<int> hitObjectVersion;
-
         public PathControlPointPiece(T hitObject, PathControlPoint controlPoint)
         {
             this.hitObject = hitObject;
             ControlPoint = controlPoint;
 
-            // we don't want to run the path type update on construction as it may inadvertently change the hit object.
-            cachePoints(hitObject);
-
-            hitObjectVersion = hitObject.Path.Version.GetBoundCopy();
-
-            // schedule ensure that updates are only applied after all operations from a single frame are applied.
-            // this avoids inadvertently changing the hit object path type for batch operations.
-            hitObjectVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(() =>
-            {
-                cachePoints(hitObject);
-                updatePathType();
-            }));
-
             controlPoint.Changed += updateMarkerDisplay;
 
             Origin = Anchor.Centre;
@@ -214,28 +191,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
 
         protected override void OnDragEnd(DragEndEvent e) => DragEnded?.Invoke();
 
-        private void cachePoints(T hitObject) => PointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(ControlPoint);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void updatePathType()
-        {
-            if (ControlPoint.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
-                return;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count > 3)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count != 3)
-                return;
-
-            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = PointsInSegment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
-            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
-            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates the state of the circular control point marker.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
index 24e2210b45..b2d1709531 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -76,6 +78,50 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             controlPoints.BindTo(hitObject.Path.ControlPoints);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void EnsureValidPathTypes()
+        {
+            List<PathControlPoint> pointsInCurrentSegment = new List<PathControlPoint>();
+
+            foreach (var controlPoint in controlPoints)
+            {
+                if (controlPoint.Type != null)
+                {
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+                    ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Clear();
+                }
+
+                pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+            }
+
+            ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+        }
+
+        private void ensureValidPathType(IReadOnlyList<PathControlPoint> segment)
+        {
+            if (segment.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            var first = segment[0];
+
+            if (first.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
+                return;
+
+            if (segment.Count > 3)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+
+            if (segment.Count != 3)
+                return;
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = segment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
+            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
+            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Selects the <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/> corresponding to the given <paramref name="pathControlPoint"/>,
         /// and deselects all other <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/>s.
@@ -240,7 +286,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         /// <param name="type">The path type we want to assign to the given control point piece.</param>
         private void updatePathType(PathControlPointPiece<T> piece, PathType? type)
         {
-            int indexInSegment = piece.PointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
+            var pointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(piece.ControlPoint);
+            int indexInSegment = pointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
 
             if (type?.Type == SplineType.PerfectCurve)
             {
@@ -249,8 +296,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
                 // and one segment of the previous type.
                 int thirdPointIndex = indexInSegment + 2;
 
-                if (piece.PointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
-                    piece.PointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = piece.PointsInSegment[0].Type;
+                if (pointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
+                    pointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = pointsInSegment[0].Type;
             }
 
             hitObject.Path.ExpectedDistance.Value = null;
@@ -339,6 +386,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             // Maintain the path types in case they got defaulted to bezier at some point during the drag.
             for (int i = 0; i < hitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Count; i++)
                 hitObject.Path.ControlPoints[i].Type = dragPathTypes[i];
+
+            EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         public void DragEnded() => changeHandler?.EndChange();
@@ -412,6 +461,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             {
                 foreach (var p in Pieces.Where(p => p.IsSelected.Value))
                     updatePathType(p, type);
+
+                EnsureValidPathTypes();
             });
 
             if (countOfState == totalCount)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
index 28e972bacd..0fa84c91fc 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                     segmentStart.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
                     break;
             }
+
+            controlPointVisualiser.EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         private void updateCursor()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
index b3efe1c495..3575e15d1d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
             // Move the control points from the insertion index onwards to make room for the insertion
             controlPoints.Insert(insertionIndex, pathControlPoint);
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 
             return pathControlPoint;
@@ -275,6 +277,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                 controlPoints.Remove(c);
             }
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             // Snap the slider to the current beat divisor before checking length validity.
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
index 252d7e2762..46c9bdd17f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject drawable)
         {
             if (drawable is DrawableSlider s)
-                s.Tracking.ValueChanged += flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange;
+                s.Tracking.ValueChanged += _ => flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange(s);
         }
 
         private partial class OsuFlashlight : Flashlight, IRequireHighFrequencyMousePosition
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                 FlashlightSmoothness = 1.4f;
             }
 
-            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(ValueChangedEvent<bool> e)
+            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(DrawableSlider e)
             {
                 // If a slider is in a tracking state, a further dim should be applied to the (remaining) visible portion of the playfield.
-                FlashlightDim = e.NewValue ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
+                FlashlightDim = Time.Current >= e.HitObject.StartTime && e.Tracking.Value ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
             }
 
             protected override bool OnMouseMove(MouseMoveEvent e)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
index b306fd38c1..4099d47d61 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Layout;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         private Container<DrawableSliderRepeat> repeatContainer;
         private PausableSkinnableSound slidingSample;
 
+        private readonly LayoutValue drawSizeLayout;
+
         public DrawableSlider()
             : this(null)
         {
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 AlwaysPresent = true,
                 Alpha = 0
             };
+            AddLayout(drawSizeLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize | Invalidation.MiscGeometry));
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -246,21 +250,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             Ball.UpdateProgress(completionProgress);
             SliderBody?.UpdateProgress(HeadCircle.IsHit ? completionProgress : 0);
 
-            foreach (DrawableHitObject hitObject in NestedHitObjects)
-            {
-                if (hitObject is ITrackSnaking s)
-                    s.UpdateSnakingPosition(HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedStart ?? 0), HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedEnd ?? 0));
-            }
+            foreach (DrawableSliderRepeat repeat in repeatContainer)
+                repeat.UpdateSnakingPosition(HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedStart ?? 0), HitObject.Path.PositionAt(SliderBody?.SnakedEnd ?? 0));
 
             Size = SliderBody?.Size ?? Vector2.Zero;
             OriginPosition = SliderBody?.PathOffset ?? Vector2.Zero;
 
-            if (DrawSize != Vector2.Zero)
+            if (!drawSizeLayout.IsValid)
             {
-                var childAnchorPosition = Vector2.Divide(OriginPosition, DrawSize);
+                Vector2 pos = Vector2.Divide(OriginPosition, DrawSize);
                 foreach (var obj in NestedHitObjects)
-                    obj.RelativeAnchorPosition = childAnchorPosition;
-                Ball.RelativeAnchorPosition = childAnchorPosition;
+                    obj.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
+                Ball.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
+
+                drawSizeLayout.Validate();
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderRepeat.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderRepeat.cs
index c6d4f7c4ca..3239565528 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderRepeat.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderRepeat.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
 {
-    public partial class DrawableSliderRepeat : DrawableOsuHitObject, ITrackSnaking
+    public partial class DrawableSliderRepeat : DrawableOsuHitObject
     {
         public new SliderRepeat HitObject => (SliderRepeat)base.HitObject;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/ITrackSnaking.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/ITrackSnaking.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index cae2a7c36d..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/ITrackSnaking.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using osuTK;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A component which tracks the current end snaking position of a slider.
-    /// </summary>
-    public interface ITrackSnaking
-    {
-        void UpdateSnakingPosition(Vector2 start, Vector2 end);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSpinnerProgressArc.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSpinnerProgressArc.cs
index 88769442a1..76afeeb2c4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSpinnerProgressArc.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSpinnerProgressArc.cs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                     InnerRadius = arc_radius,
                     RoundedCaps = true,
-                    GlowColour = new Color4(171, 255, 255, 255)
+                    GlowColour = new Color4(171, 255, 255, 180)
                 }
             };
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoLegacyScoreSimulator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
index b20aa4f2b6..66ff0fc3d9 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoLegacyScoreSimulator.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -65,11 +66,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
                 drainLength = ((int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].StartTime) - (int)Math.Round(baseBeatmap.HitObjects[0].StartTime) - breakLength) / 1000;
             }
 
-            difficultyPeppyStars = (int)Math.Round(
-                (baseBeatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty
-                 + baseBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize
-                 + Math.Clamp((float)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)) / 38 * 5);
+            difficultyPeppyStars = LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(baseBeatmap.Difficulty, objectCount, drainLength);
 
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = new LegacyScoreAttributes();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
index 3a4c55c65c..eae12edebd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
             });
 
             AddStep("post message", () => channelManager.PostMessage("Something interesting"));
-            AddUntilStep("message postesd", () => !channel.Messages.Any(m => m is LocalMessage));
+            AddUntilStep("message posted", () => !channel.Messages.Any(m => m is LocalMessage));
 
             AddStep("post /help command", () => channelManager.PostCommand("help", channel));
             AddStep("post /me command with no action", () => channelManager.PostCommand("me", channel));
@@ -146,6 +146,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
             AddAssert("channel has no more messages", () => channel.Messages, () => Is.Empty);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCommandNameCaseInsensitivity()
+        {
+            Channel channel = null;
+
+            AddStep("join channel and select it", () =>
+            {
+                channelManager.JoinChannel(channel = createChannel(1, ChannelType.Public));
+                channelManager.CurrentChannel.Value = channel;
+            });
+
+            AddStep("post /me command", () => channelManager.PostCommand("ME DANCES"));
+            AddUntilStep("/me command received", () => channel.Messages.Last().Content.Contains("DANCES"));
+            AddStep("post /help command", () => channelManager.PostCommand("HeLp"));
+            AddUntilStep("/help command received", () => channel.Messages.Last().Content.Contains("Supported commands"));
+        }
+
         private void handlePostMessageRequest(PostMessageRequest request)
         {
             var message = new Message(++currentMessageId)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
index 43ce7200d2..8b066f860f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
@@ -182,9 +183,63 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
             AddAssert("Score version not upgraded", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.TotalScoreVersion), () => Is.EqualTo(30000002));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCustomRulesetScoreNotSubjectToUpgrades([Values] bool available)
+        {
+            RulesetInfo rulesetInfo = null!;
+            ScoreInfo scoreInfo = null!;
+            TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor processor = null!;
+
+            AddStep("Add unavailable ruleset", () => Realm.Write(r => r.Add(rulesetInfo = new RulesetInfo
+            {
+                ShortName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
+                Available = available
+            })));
+
+            AddStep("Add score for unavailable ruleset", () => Realm.Write(r => r.Add(scoreInfo = new ScoreInfo(
+                ruleset: rulesetInfo,
+                beatmap: r.All<BeatmapInfo>().First())
+            {
+                TotalScoreVersion = 30000001
+            })));
+
+            AddStep("Run background processor", () => Add(processor = new TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor()));
+            AddUntilStep("Wait for completion", () => processor.Completed);
+
+            AddAssert("Score not marked as failed", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.BackgroundReprocessingFailed), () => Is.False);
+            AddAssert("Score version not upgraded", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.TotalScoreVersion), () => Is.EqualTo(30000001));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNonLegacyScoreNotSubjectToUpgrades()
+        {
+            ScoreInfo scoreInfo = null!;
+            TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor processor = null!;
+
+            AddStep("Add score which requires upgrade (and has beatmap)", () =>
+            {
+                Realm.Write(r =>
+                {
+                    r.Add(scoreInfo = new ScoreInfo(ruleset: r.All<RulesetInfo>().First(), beatmap: r.All<BeatmapInfo>().First())
+                    {
+                        TotalScoreVersion = 30000005,
+                        LegacyTotalScore = 123456,
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Run background processor", () => Add(processor = new TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor()));
+            AddUntilStep("Wait for completion", () => processor.Completed);
+
+            AddAssert("Score not marked as failed", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.BackgroundReprocessingFailed), () => Is.False);
+            AddAssert("Score version not upgraded", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.TotalScoreVersion), () => Is.EqualTo(30000005));
+        }
+
         public partial class TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor : BackgroundDataStoreProcessor
         {
             protected override int TimeToSleepDuringGameplay => 10;
+
+            public bool Completed => ProcessingTask.IsCompleted;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
index 9107ddd1ae..13da69871e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
@@ -310,6 +310,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
                 Assert.That(invalid?.Select(t => t.GetType()), Is.EquivalentTo(expectedInvalid));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestFormatScoreMultiplier()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9999).ToString(), "0.99x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0).ToString(), "1.00x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.0001).ToString(), "1.01x");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.899999999999999).ToString(), "0.90x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.9).ToString(), "0.90x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(0.900000000000001).ToString(), "0.90x");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.099999999999999).ToString(), "1.10x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.1).ToString(), "1.10x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.100000000000001).ToString(), "1.10x");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.045).ToString(), "1.05x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.05).ToString(), "1.05x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(1.055).ToString(), "1.06x");
+        }
+
         public abstract class CustomMod1 : Mod, IModCompatibilitySpecification
         {
         }
@@ -339,6 +359,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
             public override bool ValidForMultiplayerAsFreeMod => false;
         }
 
+        public class EditableMod : Mod
+        {
+            public override string Name => string.Empty;
+            public override LocalisableString Description => string.Empty;
+            public override string Acronym => string.Empty;
+            public override double ScoreMultiplier => Multiplier;
+
+            public double Multiplier = 1;
+        }
+
         public interface IModCompatibilitySpecification
         {
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Resources/mania-skin-broken-array.ini b/osu.Game.Tests/Resources/mania-skin-broken-array.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a6d37eef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Resources/mania-skin-broken-array.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[Mania]
+Keys: 4
+ColumnLineWidth: 3,,3,3,3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Skins/LegacyManiaSkinDecoderTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Skins/LegacyManiaSkinDecoderTest.cs
index b96bf09255..d577e0fedf 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Skins/LegacyManiaSkinDecoderTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Skins/LegacyManiaSkinDecoderTest.cs
@@ -114,5 +114,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Skins
                 Assert.That(configs[0].MinimumColumnWidth, Is.EqualTo(16));
             }
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestParseArrayWithSomeEmptyElements()
+        {
+            var decoder = new LegacyManiaSkinDecoder();
+
+            using (var resStream = TestResources.OpenResource("mania-skin-broken-array.ini"))
+            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
+            {
+                var configs = decoder.Decode(stream);
+
+                Assert.That(configs.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth.Length, Is.EqualTo(5));
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth[0], Is.EqualTo(3));
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth[1], Is.EqualTo(0)); // malformed entry, should be parsed as zero
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth[2], Is.EqualTo(3));
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth[3], Is.EqualTo(3));
+                Assert.That(configs[0].ColumnLineWidth[4], Is.EqualTo(3));
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneDifficultySwitching.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneDifficultySwitching.cs
index 69070b0b64..76ed5063b0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneDifficultySwitching.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneDifficultySwitching.cs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
             if (sameRuleset)
             {
                 AddUntilStep("prompt for save dialog shown", () => DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog is PromptForSaveDialog);
-                AddStep("discard changes", () => ((PromptForSaveDialog)DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog).PerformOkAction());
+                AddStep("discard changes", () => ((PromptForSaveDialog)DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog)?.PerformOkAction());
             }
 
             // ensure editor loader didn't resume.
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneArgonHealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneArgonHealthDisplay.cs
index 30fb4412f4..5d2921107e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneArgonHealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneArgonHealthDisplay.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
@@ -159,5 +160,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
                 Type = HitResult.Perfect
             });
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSimulateDrain()
+        {
+            ScheduledDelegate del = null!;
+
+            AddStep("simulate drain", () => del = Scheduler.AddDelayed(() => healthProcessor.Health.Value -= 0.00025f * Time.Elapsed, 0, true));
+            AddUntilStep("wait until zero", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value == 0);
+            AddStep("cancel drain", () => del.Cancel());
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFailingLayer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFailingLayer.cs
index 235ada2d63..684d263a58 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFailingLayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFailingLayer.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
         private readonly Bindable<bool> showHealth = new Bindable<bool>();
 
+        private HealthProcessor healthProcessor;
+
         [Resolved]
         private OsuConfigManager config { get; set; }
 
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         {
             AddStep("create layer", () =>
             {
-                Child = new HealthProcessorContainer(healthProcessor)
+                Child = new HealthProcessorContainer(this.healthProcessor = healthProcessor)
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                     Child = layer = new FailingLayer()
@@ -50,12 +52,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             AddSliderStep("current health", 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, val =>
             {
                 if (layer != null)
-                    layer.Current.Value = val;
+                    healthProcessor.Health.Value = val;
             });
 
-            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => layer.Current.Value = 0.1);
+            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 0.1);
             AddUntilStep("layer fade is visible", () => layer.ChildrenOfType<Container>().First().Alpha > 0.1f);
-            AddStep("set health to 1", () => layer.Current.Value = 1f);
+            AddStep("set health to 1", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 1f);
             AddUntilStep("layer fade is invisible", () => !layer.ChildrenOfType<Container>().First().IsPresent);
         }
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             create(new DrainingHealthProcessor(0));
             AddUntilStep("layer is visible", () => layer.IsPresent);
             AddStep("disable layer", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.FadePlayfieldWhenHealthLow, false));
-            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => layer.Current.Value = 0.1);
+            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 0.1);
             AddUntilStep("layer is not visible", () => !layer.IsPresent);
         }
 
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         {
             create(new AccumulatingHealthProcessor(1));
             AddUntilStep("layer is not visible", () => !layer.IsPresent);
-            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => layer.Current.Value = 0.1);
+            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 0.1);
             AddUntilStep("layer is not visible", () => !layer.IsPresent);
         }
 
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         public void TestLayerVisibilityWithDrainingProcessor()
         {
             create(new DrainingHealthProcessor(0));
-            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => layer.Current.Value = 0.1);
+            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 0.1);
             AddWaitStep("wait for potential fade", 10);
             AddAssert("layer is still visible", () => layer.IsPresent);
         }
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         {
             create(new DrainingHealthProcessor(0));
 
-            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => layer.Current.Value = 0.1);
+            AddStep("set health to 0.10", () => healthProcessor.Health.Value = 0.1);
 
             AddStep("don't show health", () => showHealth.Value = false);
             AddStep("disable FadePlayfieldWhenHealthLow", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.FadePlayfieldWhenHealthLow, false));
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSkinnableHealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSkinnableHealthDisplay.cs
index 15a7b48323..1849e8abd0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSkinnableHealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSkinnableHealthDisplay.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         [Cached(typeof(HealthProcessor))]
         private HealthProcessor healthProcessor = new DrainingHealthProcessor(0);
 
-        protected override Drawable CreateArgonImplementation() => new ArgonHealthDisplay { Scale = new Vector2(0.6f), Width = 1f };
+        protected override Drawable CreateArgonImplementation() => new ArgonHealthDisplay { Scale = new Vector2(0.6f), Width = 600, UseRelativeSize = { Value = false } };
         protected override Drawable CreateDefaultImplementation() => new DefaultHealthDisplay { Scale = new Vector2(0.6f) };
         protected override Drawable CreateLegacyImplementation() => new LegacyHealthDisplay { Scale = new Vector2(0.6f) };
 
@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             });
         }
 
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+
+            healthProcessor.Health.Value -= 0.0001f * Time.Elapsed;
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestHealthDisplayIncrementing()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneIntroMusicActionHandling.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneIntroMusicActionHandling.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01aeaff1db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneIntroMusicActionHandling.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Menu;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
+{
+    public partial class TestSceneIntroMusicActionHandling : OsuGameTestScene
+    {
+        private GlobalActionContainer globalActionContainer => Game.ChildrenOfType<GlobalActionContainer>().First();
+
+        public override void SetUpSteps()
+        {
+            CreateNewGame();
+            // we do not want to progress to main menu immediately, hence the override and lack of `ConfirmAtMainMenu()` call here.
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPauseDuringIntro()
+        {
+            AddUntilStep("Wait for music", () => Game?.MusicController.IsPlaying == true);
+
+            // Check that pause doesn't work during intro sequence.
+            AddStep("Toggle playback", () => globalActionContainer.TriggerPressed(GlobalAction.MusicPlay));
+            AddAssert("Still playing before menu", () => Game?.MusicController.IsPlaying == true);
+            AddUntilStep("Wait for main menu", () => Game?.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen is MainMenu menu && menu.IsLoaded);
+
+            // Check that toggling after intro still works.
+            AddStep("Toggle playback", () => globalActionContainer.TriggerPressed(GlobalAction.MusicPlay));
+            AddUntilStep("Music paused", () => Game?.MusicController.IsPlaying == false && Game?.MusicController.UserPauseRequested == true);
+            AddStep("Toggle playback", () => globalActionContainer.TriggerPressed(GlobalAction.MusicPlay));
+            AddUntilStep("Music resumed", () => Game?.MusicController.IsPlaying == true && Game?.MusicController.UserPauseRequested == false);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
index f1674401cd..a4feffddfb 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK.Input;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
     public partial class TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay : MultiplayerTestScene
     {
         private FreeModSelectOverlay freeModSelectOverlay;
+        private FooterButtonFreeMods footerButtonFreeMods;
         private readonly Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>> availableMods = new Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>>();
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -119,11 +122,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             AddAssert("select all button enabled", () => this.ChildrenOfType<SelectAllModsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectAllViaFooterButtonThenDeselectFromOverlay()
+        {
+            createFreeModSelect();
+
+            AddAssert("overlay select all button enabled", () => freeModSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SelectAllModsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
+            AddAssert("footer button displays off", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "off"));
+
+            AddStep("click footer select all button", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(footerButtonFreeMods);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("all mods selected", assertAllAvailableModsSelected);
+            AddAssert("footer button displays all", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "all"));
+
+            AddStep("click deselect all button", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(this.ChildrenOfType<DeselectAllModsButton>().Single());
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("all mods deselected", () => !freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.Any());
+            AddAssert("footer button displays off", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "off"));
+        }
+
         private void createFreeModSelect()
         {
-            AddStep("create free mod select screen", () => Child = freeModSelectOverlay = new FreeModSelectOverlay
+            AddStep("create free mod select screen", () => Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                State = { Value = Visibility.Visible }
+                freeModSelectOverlay = new FreeModSelectOverlay
+                {
+                    State = { Value = Visibility.Visible }
+                },
+                footerButtonFreeMods = new FooterButtonFreeMods(freeModSelectOverlay)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.BottomRight,
+                    Origin = Anchor.BottomRight,
+                    Current = { BindTarget = freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods },
+                },
             });
             AddUntilStep("all column content loaded",
                 () => freeModSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ModColumn>().Any()
@@ -134,10 +172,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
         {
             var allAvailableMods = availableMods.Value
                                                 .Where(pair => pair.Key != ModType.System)
-                                                .SelectMany(pair => pair.Value)
+                                                .SelectMany(pair => ModUtils.FlattenMods(pair.Value))
                                                 .Where(mod => mod.UserPlayable && mod.HasImplementation)
                                                 .ToList();
 
+            if (freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.Count != allAvailableMods.Count)
+                return false;
+
             foreach (var availableMod in allAvailableMods)
             {
                 if (freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.All(selectedMod => selectedMod.GetType() != availableMod.GetType()))
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
index 16030d568b..462286335a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Components;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge.Components;
@@ -690,6 +691,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             }
 
             AddUntilStep("wait for results", () => multiplayerComponents.CurrentScreen is ResultsScreen);
+
+            AddAssert("check is fail", () =>
+            {
+                var scoreInfo = ((ResultsScreen)multiplayerComponents.CurrentScreen).Score;
+
+                return !scoreInfo.Passed && scoreInfo.Rank == ScoreRank.F;
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
index d8dc512787..8cb993eff2 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
@@ -799,11 +799,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
                 });
             });
 
-            AddStep("attempt exit", () =>
-            {
-                for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
-                    Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen.Exit();
-            });
+            AddRepeatStep("attempt force exit", () => Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen.Exit(), 2);
             AddUntilStep("stopped at exit confirm", () => Game.ChildrenOfType<DialogOverlay>().Single().CurrentDialog is ConfirmExitDialog);
         }
 
@@ -942,6 +938,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             AddUntilStep("touch device mod still active", () => Game.SelectedMods.Value, () => Has.One.InstanceOf<ModTouchDevice>());
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestExitSongSelectAndImmediatelyClickLogo()
+        {
+            Screens.Select.SongSelect songSelect = null;
+            PushAndConfirm(() => songSelect = new TestPlaySongSelect());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.BeatmapSetsLoaded);
+
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).WaitSafely());
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selected", () => !Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
+            AddStep("press escape and then click logo immediately", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.Key(Key.Escape);
+                clickLogoWhenNotCurrent();
+            });
+
+            void clickLogoWhenNotCurrent()
+            {
+                if (songSelect.IsCurrentScreen())
+                    Scheduler.AddOnce(clickLogoWhenNotCurrent);
+                else
+                {
+                    InputManager.MoveMouseTo(Game.ChildrenOfType<OsuLogo>().Single());
+                    InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private Func<Player> playToResults()
         {
             var player = playToCompletion();
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneBeatmapListingOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneBeatmapListingOverlay.cs
index 8c32135cfd..8691f46605 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneBeatmapListingOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneBeatmapListingOverlay.cs
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             {
                 var cardContainer = this.ChildrenOfType<ReverseChildIDFillFlowContainer<BeatmapCard>>().Single().Parent;
                 var expandedContent = this.ChildrenOfType<ExpandedContentScrollContainer>().Single();
-                return expandedContent.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.GetVertices().ToArray().All(v => cardContainer.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Contains(v));
+                return expandedContent.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.GetVertices().ToArray().All(v => cardContainer!.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Contains(v));
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
index e62e53bd02..be819afa3e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
@@ -268,6 +268,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddAssert("update not received", () => update == null);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGlobalStatisticsUpdatedAfterRegistrationAddedAndScoreProcessed()
+        {
+            int userId = getUserId();
+            long scoreId = getScoreId();
+            setUpUser(userId);
+
+            var ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo;
+
+            SoloStatisticsUpdate? update = null;
+            registerForUpdates(scoreId, ruleset, receivedUpdate => update = receivedUpdate);
+
+            feignScoreProcessing(userId, ruleset, 5_000_000);
+
+            AddStep("signal score processed", () => ((ISpectatorClient)spectatorClient).UserScoreProcessed(userId, scoreId));
+            AddUntilStep("update received", () => update != null);
+            AddAssert("local user values are correct", () => dummyAPI.LocalUser.Value.Statistics.TotalScore, () => Is.EqualTo(5_000_000));
+            AddAssert("statistics values are correct", () => dummyAPI.Statistics.Value!.TotalScore, () => Is.EqualTo(5_000_000));
+        }
+
         private int nextUserId = 2000;
         private long nextScoreId = 50000;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiHeader.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiHeader.cs
index 4e71c5977e..d259322d4a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiHeader.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiHeader.cs
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         [Cached]
         private readonly Bindable<APIWikiPage> wikiPageData = new Bindable<APIWikiPage>(new APIWikiPage
         {
-            Title = "Main Page",
-            Path = "Main_Page",
+            Title = "Main page",
+            Path = WikiOverlay.INDEX_PATH,
         });
 
         private TestHeader header;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMainPage.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMainPage.cs
index 9967be73e8..7b4eadd46d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMainPage.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMainPage.cs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             };
         }
 
-        // From https://osu.ppy.sh/api/v2/wiki/en/Main_Page
+        // From https://osu.ppy.sh/api/v2/wiki/en/Main_page
         private const string main_page_markdown =
             "---\nlayout: main_page\n---\n\n<!-- Do not add any empty lines inside this div. -->\n\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page__blurb\">\nWelcome to the osu! wiki, a project containing a wide range of osu! related information.\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page__panels\">\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel wiki-main-page-panel--full\">\n\n# Getting started\n\n[Welcome](/wiki/Welcome) • [Installation](/wiki/Installation) • [Registration](/wiki/Registration) • [Help Centre](/wiki/Help_Centre) • [FAQ](/wiki/FAQ)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# Game client\n\n[Interface](/wiki/Interface) • [Options](/wiki/Options) • [Visual settings](/wiki/Visual_Settings) • [Shortcut key reference](/wiki/Shortcut_key_reference) • [Configuration file](/wiki/osu!_Program_Files/User_Configuration_File) • [Program files](/wiki/osu!_Program_Files)\n\n[File formats](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats): [.osz](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Osz_(file_format)) • [.osk](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Osk_(file_format)) • [.osr](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Osr_(file_format)) • [.osu](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Osu_(file_format)) • [.osb](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Osb_(file_format)) • [.db](/wiki/osu!_File_Formats/Db_(file_format))\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# Gameplay\n\n[Game modes](/wiki/Game_mode): [osu!](/wiki/Game_mode/osu!) • [osu!taiko](/wiki/Game_mode/osu!taiko) • [osu!catch](/wiki/Game_mode/osu!catch) • [osu!mania](/wiki/Game_mode/osu!mania)\n\n[Beatmap](/wiki/Beatmap) • [Hit object](/wiki/Hit_object) • [Mods](/wiki/Game_modifier) • [Score](/wiki/Score) • [Replay](/wiki/Replay) • [Multi](/wiki/Multi)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# [Beatmap editor](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor)\n\nSections: [Compose](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Compose) • [Design](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Design) • [Timing](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Timing) • [Song setup](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Song_Setup)\n\nComponents: [AiMod](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/AiMod) • [Beat snap divisor](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Beat_Snap_Divisor) • [Distance snap](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Distance_Snap) • [Menu](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Menu) • [SB load](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/SB_Load) • [Timelines](/wiki/Beatmap_Editor/Timelines)\n\n[Beatmapping](/wiki/Beatmapping) • [Difficulty](/wiki/Beatmap/Difficulty) • [Mapping techniques](/wiki/Mapping_Techniques) • [Storyboarding](/wiki/Storyboarding)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# Beatmap submission and ranking\n\n[Submission](/wiki/Submission) • [Modding](/wiki/Modding) • [Ranking procedure](/wiki/Beatmap_ranking_procedure) • [Mappers' Guild](/wiki/Mappers_Guild) • [Project Loved](/wiki/Project_Loved)\n\n[Ranking criteria](/wiki/Ranking_Criteria): [osu!](/wiki/Ranking_Criteria/osu!) • [osu!taiko](/wiki/Ranking_Criteria/osu!taiko) • [osu!catch](/wiki/Ranking_Criteria/osu!catch) • [osu!mania](/wiki/Ranking_Criteria/osu!mania)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# Community\n\n[Tournaments](/wiki/Tournaments) • [Skinning](/wiki/Skinning) • [Projects](/wiki/Projects) • [Guides](/wiki/Guides) • [osu!dev Discord server](/wiki/osu!dev_Discord_server) • [How you can help](/wiki/How_You_Can_Help!) • [Glossary](/wiki/Glossary)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# People\n\n[The Team](/wiki/People/The_Team): [Developers](/wiki/People/The_Team/Developers) • [Global Moderation Team](/wiki/People/The_Team/Global_Moderation_Team) • [Support Team](/wiki/People/The_Team/Support_Team) • [Nomination Assessment Team](/wiki/People/The_Team/Nomination_Assessment_Team) • [Beatmap Nominators](/wiki/People/The_Team/Beatmap_Nominators) • [osu! Alumni](/wiki/People/The_Team/osu!_Alumni) • [Project Loved Team](/wiki/People/The_Team/Project_Loved_Team)\n\nOrganisations: [osu! UCI](/wiki/Organisations/osu!_UCI)\n\n[Community Contributors](/wiki/People/Community_Contributors) • [Users with unique titles](/wiki/People/Users_with_unique_titles)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# For developers\n\n[API](/wiki/osu!api) • [Bot account](/wiki/Bot_account) • [Brand identity guidelines](/wiki/Brand_identity_guidelines)\n\n</div>\n<div class=\"wiki-main-page-panel\">\n\n# About the wiki\n\n[Sitemap](/wiki/Sitemap) • [Contribution guide](/wiki/osu!_wiki_Contribution_Guide) • [Article styling criteria](/wiki/Article_Styling_Criteria) • [News styling criteria](/wiki/News_Styling_Criteria)\n\n</div>\n</div>\n";
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMarkdownContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMarkdownContainer.cs
index d4b6bc2b91..8909305602 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMarkdownContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiMarkdownContainer.cs
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         {
             AddStep("set current path", () => markdownContainer.CurrentPath = $"{API.WebsiteRootUrl}/wiki/Article_styling_criteria/");
 
-            AddStep("set '/wiki/Main_Page''", () => markdownContainer.Text = "[wiki main page](/wiki/Main_Page)");
-            AddAssert("check url", () => markdownContainer.Link.Url == $"{API.WebsiteRootUrl}/wiki/Main_Page");
+            AddStep("set '/wiki/Main_page''", () => markdownContainer.Text = "[wiki main page](/wiki/Main_page)");
+            AddAssert("check url", () => markdownContainer.Link.Url == $"{API.WebsiteRootUrl}/wiki/Main_page");
 
             AddStep("set '../FAQ''", () => markdownContainer.Text = "[FAQ](../FAQ)");
             AddAssert("check url", () => markdownContainer.Link.Url == $"{API.WebsiteRootUrl}/wiki/FAQ");
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Phasellus eu nunc nec ligula semper fringilla. Aliquam magna neque, placerat sed
             AddStep("set content", () =>
             {
                 markdownContainer.Text = @"
-This is a paragraph containing `inline code` synatax.
+This is a paragraph containing `inline code` syntax.
 Oh wow I do love the `WikiMarkdownContainer`, it is very cool!
 
 This is a line before the fenced code block:
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiOverlay.cs
index 79c7e3a22e..e70d35f74a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneWikiOverlay.cs
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                 };
             });
 
-        // From https://osu.ppy.sh/api/v2/wiki/en/Main_Page
+        // From https://osu.ppy.sh/api/v2/wiki/en/Main_page
         private APIWikiPage responseMainPage => new APIWikiPage
         {
-            Title = "Main Page",
-            Layout = "main_page",
-            Path = "Main_Page",
+            Title = "Main page",
+            Layout = WikiOverlay.INDEX_PATH.ToLowerInvariant(), // custom classes are always lower snake.
+            Path = WikiOverlay.INDEX_PATH,
             Locale = "en",
             Subtitle = null,
             Markdown =
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
index 4e1bf1390a..a95bb2c9e3 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
 {
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
         private bool assertModsMultiplier(IEnumerable<Mod> mods)
         {
             double multiplier = mods.Aggregate(1.0, (current, mod) => current * mod.ScoreMultiplier);
-            string expectedValue = multiplier.Equals(1.0) ? string.Empty : $"{multiplier:N2}x";
+            string expectedValue = multiplier == 1 ? string.Empty : ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(multiplier).ToString();
 
             return expectedValue == footerButtonMods.MultiplierText.Current.Value;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
index a748a7422a..fc7db13d41 100644
--- a/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Database;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ namespace osu.Game
     /// </summary>
     public partial class BackgroundDataStoreProcessor : Component
     {
+        protected Task ProcessingTask { get; private set; } = null!;
+
         [Resolved]
         private RulesetStore rulesetStore { get; set; } = null!;
 
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ namespace osu.Game
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
 
-            Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+            ProcessingTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
             {
                 Logger.Log("Beginning background data store processing..");
 
@@ -314,10 +317,17 @@ namespace osu.Game
         {
             Logger.Log("Querying for scores that need total score conversion...");
 
-            HashSet<Guid> scoreIds = realmAccess.Run(r => new HashSet<Guid>(r.All<ScoreInfo>()
-                                                                             .Where(s => !s.BackgroundReprocessingFailed && s.BeatmapInfo != null
-                                                                                                                         && s.TotalScoreVersion < LegacyScoreEncoder.LATEST_VERSION)
-                                                                             .AsEnumerable().Select(s => s.ID)));
+            HashSet<Guid> scoreIds = realmAccess.Run(r => new HashSet<Guid>(
+                r.All<ScoreInfo>()
+                 .Where(s => !s.BackgroundReprocessingFailed
+                             && s.BeatmapInfo != null
+                             && s.IsLegacyScore
+                             && s.TotalScoreVersion < LegacyScoreEncoder.LATEST_VERSION)
+                 .AsEnumerable()
+                 // must be done after materialisation, as realm doesn't want to support
+                 // nested property predicates
+                 .Where(s => s.Ruleset.IsLegacyRuleset())
+                 .Select(s => s.ID)));
 
             Logger.Log($"Found {scoreIds.Count} scores which require total score conversion.");
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs b/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
index d4162b76d6..23686db1f8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select.Filter;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
+using osu.Game.Users;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Configuration
 {
@@ -193,6 +194,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.LastProcessedMetadataId, -1);
 
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.ComboColourNormalisationAmount, 0.2f, 0f, 1f, 0.01f);
+            SetDefault<UserStatus?>(OsuSetting.UserOnlineStatus, null);
         }
 
         protected override bool CheckLookupContainsPrivateInformation(OsuSetting lookup)
@@ -420,5 +422,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
         EditorShowSpeedChanges,
         TouchDisableGameplayTaps,
         ModSelectTextSearchStartsActive,
+        UserOnlineStatus,
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Database/RealmFileStore.cs b/osu.Game/Database/RealmFileStore.cs
index 1da64d5be8..9683baec69 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Database/RealmFileStore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Database/RealmFileStore.cs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
@@ -98,15 +98,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             // can potentially be run asynchronously, although we will need to consider operation order for disk deletion vs realm removal.
             realm.Write(r =>
             {
-                // TODO: consider using a realm native query to avoid iterating all files (https://github.com/realm/realm-dotnet/issues/2659#issuecomment-927823707)
-                var files = r.All<RealmFile>().ToList();
-
-                foreach (var file in files)
+                foreach (var file in r.All<RealmFile>().Filter(@$"{nameof(RealmFile.Usages)}.@count = 0"))
                 {
                     totalFiles++;
 
-                    if (file.BacklinksCount > 0)
-                        continue;
+                    Debug.Assert(file.BacklinksCount == 0);
 
                     try
                     {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs b/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
index 66c816e796..8c73806cb5 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
@@ -311,13 +311,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             long maximumLegacyBonusScore = attributes.BonusScore;
 
             double legacyAccScore = maximumLegacyAccuracyScore * score.Accuracy;
-            // We can not separate the ComboScore from the BonusScore, so we keep the bonus in the ratio.
-            // Note that `maximumLegacyComboScore + maximumLegacyBonusScore` can actually be 0
-            // when playing a beatmap with no bonus objects, with mods that have a 0.0x multiplier on stable (relax/autopilot).
-            // In such cases, just assume 0.
-            double comboProportion = maximumLegacyComboScore + maximumLegacyBonusScore > 0
-                ? ((double)score.LegacyTotalScore - legacyAccScore) / (maximumLegacyComboScore + maximumLegacyBonusScore)
-                : 0;
+
+            double comboProportion;
+
+            if (maximumLegacyComboScore + maximumLegacyBonusScore > 0)
+            {
+                // We can not separate the ComboScore from the BonusScore, so we keep the bonus in the ratio.
+                comboProportion = Math.Max((double)score.LegacyTotalScore - legacyAccScore, 0) / (maximumLegacyComboScore + maximumLegacyBonusScore);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Two possible causes:
+                // the beatmap has no bonus objects *AND*
+                // either the active mods have a zero mod multiplier, in which case assume 0,
+                // or the *beatmap* has a zero `difficultyPeppyStars` (or just no combo-giving objects), in which case assume 1.
+                comboProportion = legacyModMultiplier == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+            }
 
             // We assume the bonus proportion only makes up the rest of the score that exceeds maximumLegacyBaseScore.
             long maximumLegacyBaseScore = maximumLegacyAccuracyScore + maximumLegacyComboScore;
@@ -437,16 +446,42 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
                     break;
 
                 case 2:
+                    // compare logic in `CatchScoreProcessor`.
+
+                    // this could technically be slightly incorrect in the case of stable scores.
+                    // because large droplet misses are counted as full misses in stable scores,
+                    // `score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(Great)` will be equal to the count of fruits *and* large droplets
+                    // rather than just fruits (which was the intent).
+                    // this is not fixable without introducing an extra legacy score attribute dedicated for catch,
+                    // and this is a ballpark conversion process anyway, so attempt to trudge on.
+                    int fruitTinyScaleDivisor = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) + score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Great);
+                    double fruitTinyScale = fruitTinyScaleDivisor == 0
+                        ? 0
+                        : (double)score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / fruitTinyScaleDivisor;
+
+                    const int max_tiny_droplets_portion = 400000;
+
+                    double comboPortion = 1000000 - max_tiny_droplets_portion + max_tiny_droplets_portion * (1 - fruitTinyScale);
+                    double dropletsPortion = max_tiny_droplets_portion * fruitTinyScale;
+                    double dropletsHit = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) == 0
+                        ? 0
+                        : (double)score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) / score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit);
+
                     convertedTotalScore = (long)Math.Round((
-                        600000 * comboProportion
-                        + 400000 * score.Accuracy
+                        comboPortion * estimateComboProportionForCatch(attributes.MaxCombo, score.MaxCombo, score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss))
+                        + dropletsPortion * dropletsHit
                         + bonusProportion) * modMultiplier);
                     break;
 
                 case 3:
+                    // in the mania case accuracy actually changes between score V1 and score V2 / standardised
+                    // (PERFECT weighting changes from 300 to 305),
+                    // so for better accuracy recompute accuracy locally based on hit statistics and use that instead,
+                    double scoreV2Accuracy = ComputeAccuracy(score);
+
                     convertedTotalScore = (long)Math.Round((
                         850000 * comboProportion
-                        + 150000 * Math.Pow(score.Accuracy, 2 + 2 * score.Accuracy)
+                        + 150000 * Math.Pow(scoreV2Accuracy, 2 + 2 * scoreV2Accuracy)
                         + bonusProportion) * modMultiplier);
                     break;
 
@@ -461,6 +496,94 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             return convertedTotalScore;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <para>
+        /// For catch, the general method of calculating the combo proportion used for other rulesets is generally useless.
+        /// This is because in stable score V1, catch has quadratic score progression,
+        /// while in stable score V2, score progression is logarithmic up to 200 combo and then linear.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// This means that applying the naive rescale method to scores with lots of short combos (think 10x 100-long combos on a 1000-object map)
+        /// by linearly rescaling the combo portion as given by score V1 leads to horribly underestimating it.
+        /// Therefore this method attempts to counteract this by calculating the best case estimate for the combo proportion that takes all of the above into account.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// The general idea is that aside from the <paramref name="scoreMaxCombo"/> which the player is known to have hit,
+        /// the remaining misses are evenly distributed across the rest of the objects that give combo.
+        /// This is therefore a worst-case estimate.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        private static double estimateComboProportionForCatch(int beatmapMaxCombo, int scoreMaxCombo, int scoreMissCount)
+        {
+            if (beatmapMaxCombo == 0)
+                return 1;
+
+            if (scoreMaxCombo == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+            if (beatmapMaxCombo == scoreMaxCombo)
+                return 1;
+
+            double estimatedBestCaseTotal = estimateBestCaseComboTotal(beatmapMaxCombo);
+
+            int remainingCombo = beatmapMaxCombo - (scoreMaxCombo + scoreMissCount);
+            double totalDroppedScore = 0;
+
+            int assumedLengthOfRemainingCombos = (int)Math.Floor((double)remainingCombo / scoreMissCount);
+
+            if (assumedLengthOfRemainingCombos > 0)
+            {
+                int assumedCombosCount = (int)Math.Floor((double)remainingCombo / assumedLengthOfRemainingCombos);
+                totalDroppedScore += assumedCombosCount * estimateDroppedComboScoreAfterMiss(assumedLengthOfRemainingCombos);
+
+                remainingCombo -= assumedCombosCount * assumedLengthOfRemainingCombos;
+
+                if (remainingCombo > 0)
+                    totalDroppedScore += estimateDroppedComboScoreAfterMiss(remainingCombo);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // there are so many misses that attempting to evenly divide remaining combo results in 0 length per combo,
+                // i.e. all remaining judgements are combo breaks.
+                // in that case, presume every single remaining object is a miss and did not give any combo score.
+                totalDroppedScore = estimatedBestCaseTotal - estimateBestCaseComboTotal(scoreMaxCombo);
+            }
+
+            return estimatedBestCaseTotal == 0
+                ? 1
+                : 1 - Math.Clamp(totalDroppedScore / estimatedBestCaseTotal, 0, 1);
+
+            double estimateBestCaseComboTotal(int maxCombo)
+            {
+                if (maxCombo == 0)
+                    return 1;
+
+                double estimatedTotal = 0.5 * Math.Min(maxCombo, 2);
+
+                if (maxCombo <= 2)
+                    return estimatedTotal;
+
+                // int_2^x log_4(t) dt
+                estimatedTotal += (Math.Min(maxCombo, 200) * (Math.Log(Math.Min(maxCombo, 200)) - 1) + 2 - Math.Log(4)) / Math.Log(4);
+
+                if (maxCombo <= 200)
+                    return estimatedTotal;
+
+                estimatedTotal += (maxCombo - 200) * Math.Log(200) / Math.Log(4);
+                return estimatedTotal;
+            }
+
+            double estimateDroppedComboScoreAfterMiss(int lengthOfComboAfterMiss)
+            {
+                if (lengthOfComboAfterMiss >= 200)
+                    lengthOfComboAfterMiss = 200;
+
+                // int_0^x (log_4(200) - log_4(t)) dt
+                // note that this is an pessimistic estimate, i.e. it may subtract too much if the miss happened before reaching 200 combo
+                return lengthOfComboAfterMiss * (1 + Math.Log(200) - Math.Log(lengthOfComboAfterMiss)) / Math.Log(4);
+            }
+        }
+
         public static double ComputeAccuracy(ScoreInfo scoreInfo)
         {
             Ruleset ruleset = scoreInfo.Ruleset.CreateInstance();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs b/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
index 98633958ee..1b224cfeb7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Extensions
         /// <returns>A short relative string representing the input time.</returns>
         public static string ToShortRelativeTime(this DateTimeOffset time, TimeSpan lowerCutoff)
         {
-            if (time == default)
+            // covers all `DateTimeOffset` instances with the date portion of 0001-01-01.
+            if (time.Date == default)
                 return "-";
 
             var now = DateTime.Now;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
index 0d11d2d4ef..1b5877b966 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
 
                 case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
                 case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
                 case HitResult.Great:
                     return Blue;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs b/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
index de8660dbce..926f68df45 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
     {
         private Bindable<ConfineMouseMode> frameworkConfineMode;
         private Bindable<WindowMode> frameworkWindowMode;
+        private Bindable<bool> frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen;
 
         private Bindable<OsuConfineMouseMode> osuConfineMode;
         private IBindable<bool> localUserPlaying;
@@ -31,7 +32,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
         {
             frameworkConfineMode = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<ConfineMouseMode>(FrameworkSetting.ConfineMouseMode);
             frameworkWindowMode = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<WindowMode>(FrameworkSetting.WindowMode);
+            frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen);
             frameworkWindowMode.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMode());
+            frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMode());
 
             osuConfineMode = osuConfigManager.GetBindable<OsuConfineMouseMode>(OsuSetting.ConfineMouseMode);
             localUserPlaying = localUserInfo.IsPlaying.GetBoundCopy();
@@ -46,7 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
             if (frameworkConfineMode.Disabled)
                 return;
 
-            if (frameworkWindowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen)
+            // override confine mode only when clicking outside the window minimises it.
+            if (frameworkWindowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen && frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen.Value)
             {
                 frameworkConfineMode.Value = ConfineMouseMode.Fullscreen;
                 return;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
index 422704514f..1d14b0a596 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
@@ -152,9 +152,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// <summary>
         /// "In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again."
         /// </summary>
-        public static LocalisableString ChangeRendererConfirmation =>
-            new TranslatableString(getKey(@"change_renderer_configuration"), @"In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again.");
+        public static LocalisableString ChangeRendererConfirmation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"change_renderer_configuration"), @"In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again.");
 
-        private static string getKey(string key) => $"{prefix}:{key}";
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Minimise osu! when switching to another app"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString MinimiseOnFocusLoss => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"minimise_on_focus_loss"), @"Minimise osu! when switching to another app");
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Models/RealmFile.cs b/osu.Game/Models/RealmFile.cs
index 2faa3f0ca6..4d1642fb5f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Models/RealmFile.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Models/RealmFile.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.IO;
 using Realms;
 
@@ -11,5 +12,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Models
     {
         [PrimaryKey]
         public string Hash { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        [Backlink(nameof(RealmNamedFileUsage.File))]
+        public IQueryable<RealmNamedFileUsage> Usages { get; } = null!;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
index 21107d61fc..17bf8bcc37 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         public IBindable<APIUser> LocalUser => localUser;
         public IBindableList<APIUser> Friends => friends;
         public IBindable<UserActivity> Activity => activity;
+        public IBindable<UserStatistics> Statistics => statistics;
 
         public Language Language => game.CurrentLanguage.Value;
 
@@ -62,6 +63,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         private Bindable<UserActivity> activity { get; } = new Bindable<UserActivity>();
 
+        private Bindable<UserStatus?> configStatus { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatus?>();
+        private Bindable<UserStatus?> localUserStatus { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatus?>();
+
+        private Bindable<UserStatistics> statistics { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatistics>();
+
         protected bool HasLogin => authentication.Token.Value != null || (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ProvidedUsername) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password));
 
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource cancellationToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
@@ -85,12 +91,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             authentication.TokenString = config.Get<string>(OsuSetting.Token);
             authentication.Token.ValueChanged += onTokenChanged;
 
+            config.BindWith(OsuSetting.UserOnlineStatus, configStatus);
+
             localUser.BindValueChanged(u =>
             {
                 u.OldValue?.Activity.UnbindFrom(activity);
                 u.NewValue.Activity.BindTo(activity);
+
+                if (u.OldValue != null)
+                    localUserStatus.UnbindFrom(u.OldValue.Status);
+                localUserStatus.BindTo(u.NewValue.Status);
             }, true);
 
+            localUserStatus.BindValueChanged(val => configStatus.Value = val.NewValue);
+
             var thread = new Thread(run)
             {
                 Name = "APIAccess",
@@ -200,6 +214,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
                 setLocalUser(new APIUser
                 {
                     Username = ProvidedUsername,
+                    Status = { Value = configStatus.Value ?? UserStatus.Online }
                 });
             }
 
@@ -246,8 +261,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             };
             userReq.Success += user =>
             {
-                // todo: save/pull from settings
-                user.Status.Value = UserStatus.Online;
+                user.Status.Value = configStatus.Value ?? UserStatus.Online;
 
                 setLocalUser(user);
 
@@ -506,9 +520,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             flushQueue();
         }
 
+        public void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics)
+        {
+            statistics.Value = newStatistics;
+
+            if (IsLoggedIn)
+                localUser.Value.Statistics = newStatistics;
+        }
+
         private static APIUser createGuestUser() => new GuestUser();
 
-        private void setLocalUser(APIUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() => localUser.Value = user, false);
+        private void setLocalUser(APIUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() =>
+        {
+            localUser.Value = user;
+            statistics.Value = user.Statistics;
+        }, false);
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
index d585124db6..4b4f8061e0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         public Bindable<UserActivity> Activity { get; } = new Bindable<UserActivity>();
 
+        public Bindable<UserStatistics?> Statistics { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatistics?>();
+
         public Language Language => Language.en;
 
         public string AccessToken => "token";
@@ -115,6 +117,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
                 Id = DUMMY_USER_ID,
             };
 
+            Statistics.Value = new UserStatistics
+            {
+                GlobalRank = 1,
+                CountryRank = 1
+            };
+
             state.Value = APIState.Online;
         }
 
@@ -126,6 +134,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             LocalUser.Value = new GuestUser();
         }
 
+        public void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics)
+        {
+            Statistics.Value = newStatistics;
+
+            if (IsLoggedIn)
+                LocalUser.Value.Statistics = newStatistics;
+        }
+
         public IHubClientConnector? GetHubConnector(string clientName, string endpoint, bool preferMessagePack) => null;
 
         public NotificationsClientConnector GetNotificationsConnector() => new PollingNotificationsClientConnector(this);
@@ -141,6 +157,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         IBindable<APIUser> IAPIProvider.LocalUser => LocalUser;
         IBindableList<APIUser> IAPIProvider.Friends => Friends;
         IBindable<UserActivity> IAPIProvider.Activity => Activity;
+        IBindable<UserStatistics?> IAPIProvider.Statistics => Statistics;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// During the next simulated login, the process will fail immediately.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
index a1d7006c8c..b58d4a363a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// </summary>
         IBindable<UserActivity> Activity { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The current user's online statistics.
+        /// </summary>
+        IBindable<UserStatistics?> Statistics { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The language supplied by this provider to API requests.
         /// </summary>
@@ -111,6 +116,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// </summary>
         void Logout();
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets Statistics bindable.
+        /// </summary>
+        void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructs a new <see cref="IHubClientConnector"/>. May be null if not supported.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
index e95bc128c8..23989caae2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
             string command = parameters[0];
             string content = parameters.Length == 2 ? parameters[1] : string.Empty;
 
-            switch (command)
+            switch (command.ToLowerInvariant())
             {
                 case "np":
                     AddInternal(new NowPlayingCommand(target));
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
index 93aa0b95a7..67f2590ad8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
@@ -152,6 +152,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
         /// </summary>
         public void RefetchScores() => Scheduler.AddOnce(refetchScores);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clear all scores from the display.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ClearScores()
+        {
+            cancelPendingWork();
+            SetScores(null);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Call when a retrieval or display failure happened to show a relevant message to the user.
         /// </summary>
@@ -220,9 +229,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
         {
             Debug.Assert(ThreadSafety.IsUpdateThread);
 
-            cancelPendingWork();
-
-            SetScores(null);
+            ClearScores();
             setState(LeaderboardState.Retrieving);
 
             currentFetchCancellationSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
index 6d00ce7551..c42c3378b7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Metadata
         public override IBindable<bool> IsWatchingUserPresence => isWatchingUserPresence;
         private readonly BindableBool isWatchingUserPresence = new BindableBool();
 
-        // ReSharper disable once InconsistentlySynchronizedField
         public override IBindableDictionary<int, UserPresence> UserStates => userStates;
         private readonly BindableDictionary<int, UserPresence> userStates = new BindableDictionary<int, UserPresence>();
 
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Metadata
         {
             Schedule(() =>
             {
-                if (presence != null)
+                if (presence?.Status != null)
                     userStates[userId] = presence.Value;
                 else
                     userStates.Remove(userId);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
index 46449fea73..55b27fb364 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
         {
             string rulesetName = callback.Score.Ruleset.ShortName;
 
+            api.UpdateStatistics(updatedStatistics);
+
             if (latestStatistics == null)
                 return;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Dialog/PopupDialog.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Dialog/PopupDialog.cs
index 4048b35e78..4ac37a63e2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Dialog/PopupDialog.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Dialog/PopupDialog.cs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Dialog
         private readonly Vector2 ringMinifiedSize = new Vector2(20f);
 
         private readonly Box flashLayer;
-        private Sample flashSample = null!;
+        private Sample? flashSample;
 
         private readonly Container content;
         private readonly Container ring;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Dialog
             flashLayer.FadeInFromZero(80, Easing.OutQuint)
                       .Then()
                       .FadeOutFromOne(1500, Easing.OutQuint);
-            flashSample.Play();
+            flashSample?.Play();
         }
 
         protected override bool OnKeyDown(KeyDownEvent e)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
index 57a9f4035c..513088ba0c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                         },
                     };
 
+                    panel.Status.BindValueChanged(_ => updateDropdownCurrent(), true);
+
                     dropdown.Current.BindValueChanged(action =>
                     {
                         switch (action.NewValue)
@@ -170,6 +172,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                 ScheduleAfterChildren(() => GetContainingInputManager()?.ChangeFocus(form));
         });
 
+        private void updateDropdownCurrent()
+        {
+            switch (panel.Status.Value)
+            {
+                case UserStatus.Online:
+                    dropdown.Current.Value = UserAction.Online;
+                    break;
+
+                case UserStatus.DoNotDisturb:
+                    dropdown.Current.Value = UserAction.DoNotDisturb;
+                    break;
+
+                case UserStatus.Offline:
+                    dropdown.Current.Value = UserAction.AppearOffline;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
         public override bool AcceptsFocus => true;
 
         protected override bool OnClick(ClickEvent e) => true;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
index baa7e594c1..f9875c5547 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private void filterMods()
         {
             foreach (var modState in AllAvailableMods)
-                modState.ValidForSelection.Value = modState.Mod.HasImplementation && IsValidMod.Invoke(modState.Mod);
+                modState.ValidForSelection.Value = modState.Mod.Type != ModType.System && modState.Mod.HasImplementation && IsValidMod.Invoke(modState.Mod);
         }
 
         private void updateMultiplier()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
index c758632392..b599b53082 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         {
             protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
 
-            protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => count.ToLocalisableString(@"0.00x");
+            protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(count);
 
             protected override OsuSpriteText CreateSpriteText() => new OsuSpriteText
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
index b6b3051a0d..1da762d164 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private void updateEnabledState()
         {
             Enabled.Value = availableMods.Value
-                                         .Where(pair => pair.Key != ModType.System)
                                          .SelectMany(pair => pair.Value)
+                                         .Where(modState => modState.ValidForSelection.Value)
                                          .Any(modState => !modState.Active.Value && modState.Visible);
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
index a3290bc81c..71afec88d4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
         private SettingsDropdown<Size> resolutionDropdown = null!;
         private SettingsDropdown<Display> displayDropdown = null!;
         private SettingsDropdown<WindowMode> windowModeDropdown = null!;
+        private SettingsCheckbox minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox = null!;
         private SettingsCheckbox safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox = null!;
 
         private Bindable<float> scalingPositionX = null!;
@@ -106,6 +107,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
                     ItemSource = resolutions,
                     Current = sizeFullscreen
                 },
+                minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox = new SettingsCheckbox
+                {
+                    LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.MinimiseOnFocusLoss,
+                    Current = config.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen),
+                    Keywords = new[] { "alt-tab", "minimize", "focus", "hide" },
+                },
                 safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox = new SettingsCheckbox
                 {
                     LabelText = "Shrink game to avoid cameras and notches",
@@ -255,6 +262,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
         {
             resolutionDropdown.CanBeShown.Value = resolutions.Count > 1 && windowModeDropdown.Current.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
             displayDropdown.CanBeShown.Value = displayDropdown.Items.Count() > 1;
+            minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox.CanBeShown.Value = RuntimeInfo.IsDesktop && windowModeDropdown.Current.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
             safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox.CanBeShown.Value = host.Window?.SafeAreaPadding.Value.Total != Vector2.Zero;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/KeyBindingRow_KeyButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/KeyBindingRow_KeyButton.cs
index 53d0f50605..adf05a71b9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/KeyBindingRow_KeyButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/KeyBindingRow_KeyButton.cs
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
             /// <param name="fullState">A <see cref="KeyCombination"/> generated from the full input state.</param>
             /// <param name="triggerKey">The key which triggered this update, and should be used as the binding.</param>
             public void UpdateKeyCombination(KeyCombination fullState, InputKey triggerKey) =>
-                UpdateKeyCombination(new KeyCombination(fullState.Keys.Where(KeyCombination.IsModifierKey).Append(triggerKey)));
+                // TODO: Distinct() can be removed after https://github.com/ppy/osu-framework/pull/6130 is merged.
+                UpdateKeyCombination(new KeyCombination(fullState.Keys.Where(KeyCombination.IsModifierKey).Append(triggerKey).Distinct().ToArray()));
 
             public void UpdateKeyCombination(KeyCombination newCombination)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
index 6bf06f4f98..7805ed5834 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
         private Bindable<double> localSensitivity;
 
         private Bindable<WindowMode> windowMode;
+        private Bindable<bool> minimiseOnFocusLoss;
         private SettingsEnumDropdown<OsuConfineMouseMode> confineMouseModeSetting;
         private Bindable<bool> relativeMode;
 
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
 
             relativeMode = mouseHandler.UseRelativeMode.GetBoundCopy();
             windowMode = config.GetBindable<WindowMode>(FrameworkSetting.WindowMode);
+            minimiseOnFocusLoss = config.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen);
 
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
@@ -98,21 +100,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
 
             localSensitivity.BindValueChanged(val => handlerSensitivity.Value = val.NewValue);
 
-            windowMode.BindValueChanged(mode =>
-            {
-                bool isFullscreen = mode.NewValue == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
-
-                if (isFullscreen)
-                {
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = true;
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = MouseSettingsStrings.NotApplicableFullscreen;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = false;
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = string.Empty;
-                }
-            }, true);
+            windowMode.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility());
+            minimiseOnFocusLoss.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility(), true);
 
             highPrecisionMouse.Current.BindValueChanged(highPrecision =>
             {
@@ -126,6 +115,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
             }, true);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates disabled state and tooltip of <see cref="confineMouseModeSetting"/> to match when <see cref="ConfineMouseTracker"/> is overriding the confine mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility()
+        {
+            bool confineModeOverriden = windowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen && minimiseOnFocusLoss.Value;
+
+            if (confineModeOverriden)
+            {
+                confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = true;
+                confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = MouseSettingsStrings.NotApplicableFullscreen;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = false;
+                confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = string.Empty;
+            }
+        }
+
         public partial class SensitivitySetting : SettingsSlider<double, SensitivitySlider>
         {
             public SensitivitySetting()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/SettingsToolboxGroup.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/SettingsToolboxGroup.cs
index c0948c1eab..de13bd96d4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/SettingsToolboxGroup.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/SettingsToolboxGroup.cs
@@ -151,9 +151,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
             base.Update();
 
             if (!headerTextVisibilityCache.IsValid)
+            {
                 // These toolbox grouped may be contracted to only show icons.
                 // For now, let's hide the header to avoid text truncation weirdness in such cases.
                 headerText.FadeTo(headerText.DrawWidth < DrawWidth ? 1 : 0, 150, Easing.OutQuint);
+                headerTextVisibilityCache.Validate();
+            }
         }
 
         protected override bool OnInvalidate(Invalidation invalidation, InvalidationSource source)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
index 03a1cfc005..1da2e1b744 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 {
     public abstract partial class ToolbarButton : OsuClickableContainer, IKeyBindingHandler<GlobalAction>
     {
+        public const float PADDING = 3;
+
         protected GlobalAction? Hotkey { get; set; }
 
         public void SetIcon(Drawable icon)
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         protected virtual Anchor TooltipAnchor => Anchor.TopLeft;
 
+        protected readonly Container ButtonContent;
         protected ConstrainedIconContainer IconContainer;
         protected SpriteText DrawableText;
         protected Box HoverBackground;
@@ -80,59 +83,66 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         protected ToolbarButton()
         {
-            Width = Toolbar.HEIGHT;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
 
-            Padding = new MarginPadding(3);
-
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                BackgroundContent = new Container
+                ButtonContent = new Container
                 {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Masking = true,
-                    CornerRadius = 6,
-                    CornerExponent = 3f,
-                    Children = new Drawable[]
-                    {
-                        HoverBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                        },
-                        flashBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                            Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-                Flow = new FillFlowContainer
-                {
-                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                    Spacing = new Vector2(5),
-                    Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
-                    Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
-                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2, Right = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2 },
+                    Width = Toolbar.HEIGHT,
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
-                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding(PADDING),
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        IconContainer = new ConstrainedIconContainer
+                        BackgroundContent = new Container
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Size = new Vector2(20),
-                            Alpha = 0,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Masking = true,
+                            CornerRadius = 6,
+                            CornerExponent = 3f,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                HoverBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                flashBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                    Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                },
+                            }
                         },
-                        DrawableText = new OsuSpriteText
+                        Flow = new FillFlowContainer
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(5),
+                            Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                            Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2, Right = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2 },
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                IconContainer = new ConstrainedIconContainer
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Size = new Vector2(20),
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                DrawableText = new OsuSpriteText
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                },
+                            },
                         },
                     },
                 },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
index 67688155ae..e1d658b811 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
@@ -42,52 +42,59 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
             clockDisplayMode = config.GetBindable<ToolbarClockDisplayMode>(OsuSetting.ToolbarClockDisplayMode);
             prefer24HourTime = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.Prefer24HourTime);
 
-            Padding = new MarginPadding(3);
-
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
                 new Container
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Masking = true,
-                    CornerRadius = 6,
-                    CornerExponent = 3f,
-                    Children = new Drawable[]
-                    {
-                        hoverBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                        },
-                        flashBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                            Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-                new FillFlowContainer
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                     AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
-                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                    Spacing = new Vector2(5),
-                    Padding = new MarginPadding(10),
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding(ToolbarButton.PADDING),
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        analog = new AnalogClockDisplay
+                        new Container
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Masking = true,
+                            CornerRadius = 6,
+                            CornerExponent = 3f,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                hoverBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                flashBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                    Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                },
+                            }
                         },
-                        digital = new DigitalClockDisplay
+                        new FillFlowContainer
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(5),
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding(10),
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                analog = new AnalogClockDisplay
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                },
+                                digital = new DigitalClockDisplay
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                }
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
index 70675c1b92..499ca804c9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
     {
         public ToolbarHomeButton()
         {
-            Width *= 1.4f;
+            ButtonContent.Width *= 1.4f;
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.Home;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
index 69597c6b46..5da0056787 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
         public ToolbarMusicButton()
         {
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.ToggleNowPlaying;
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            ButtonContent.AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
index 5500f1c879..c224f0f9c9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
             public RulesetButton()
             {
-                Padding = new MarginPadding(3)
+                ButtonContent.Padding = new MarginPadding(PADDING)
                 {
                     Bottom = 5
                 };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
index 78df060252..899f58c9c0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
     {
         public ToolbarSettingsButton()
         {
-            Width *= 1.4f;
+            ButtonContent.Width *= 1.4f;
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.ToggleSettings;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
index 19b98628e6..230974cd59 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         public ToolbarUserButton()
         {
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            ButtonContent.AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Wiki/WikiHeader.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Wiki/WikiHeader.cs
index 24eddeb0c2..d64d6b934a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Wiki/WikiHeader.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Wiki/WikiHeader.cs
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Wiki
 {
     public partial class WikiHeader : BreadcrumbControlOverlayHeader
     {
-        private const string index_path = "Main_Page";
-
         public static LocalisableString IndexPageString => LayoutStrings.HeaderHelpIndex;
 
         public readonly Bindable<APIWikiPage> WikiPageData = new Bindable<APIWikiPage>();
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Wiki
 
             TabControl.AddItem(IndexPageString);
 
-            if (e.NewValue.Path == index_path)
+            if (e.NewValue.Path == WikiOverlay.INDEX_PATH)
             {
                 Current.Value = IndexPageString;
                 return;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/WikiOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/WikiOverlay.cs
index c816eca776..ffbc168fb7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/WikiOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/WikiOverlay.cs
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
 {
     public partial class WikiOverlay : OnlineOverlay<WikiHeader>
     {
-        private const string index_path = @"main_page";
+        public const string INDEX_PATH = @"Main_page";
 
         public string CurrentPath => path.Value;
 
-        private readonly Bindable<string> path = new Bindable<string>(index_path);
+        private readonly Bindable<string> path = new Bindable<string>(INDEX_PATH);
 
         private readonly Bindable<APIWikiPage> wikiData = new Bindable<APIWikiPage>();
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
         {
         }
 
-        public void ShowPage(string pagePath = index_path)
+        public void ShowPage(string pagePath = INDEX_PATH)
         {
             path.Value = pagePath.Trim('/');
             Show();
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
             wikiData.Value = response;
             path.Value = response.Path;
 
-            if (response.Layout == index_path)
+            if (response.Layout.Equals(INDEX_PATH, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
                 LoadDisplay(new WikiMainPage
                 {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
             path.Value = "error";
 
             LoadDisplay(articlePage = new WikiArticlePage($@"{api.WebsiteRootUrl}/wiki/",
-                $"Something went wrong when trying to fetch page \"{originalPath}\".\n\n[Return to the main page](Main_Page)."));
+                $"Something went wrong when trying to fetch page \"{originalPath}\".\n\n[Return to the main page]({INDEX_PATH})."));
         }
 
         private void showParentPage()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModCinema.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModCinema.cs
index dbb37e0af6..7c88a8a588 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModCinema.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModCinema.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModCinema;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Watch the video without visual distractions.";
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(ModNoFail) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(ModNoFail), typeof(ModFailCondition) }).ToArray();
 
         public void ApplyToHUD(HUDOverlay overlay)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFailCondition.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFailCondition.cs
index 471c3bfe8d..0b229766c1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFailCondition.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFailCondition.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
 {
     public abstract class ModFailCondition : Mod, IApplicableToHealthProcessor, IApplicableFailOverride
     {
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModNoFail) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModNoFail), typeof(ModCinema) };
 
         [SettingSource("Restart on fail", "Automatically restarts when failed.")]
         public BindableBool Restart { get; } = new BindableBool();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
index 95406cc9e6..dc2ad6f47e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
         {
             Combo.BindTo(scoreProcessor.Combo);
-
-            // Default value of ScoreProcessor's Rank in Flashlight Mod should be SS+
-            scoreProcessor.Rank.Value = ScoreRank.XH;
         }
 
         public ScoreRank AdjustRank(ScoreRank rank, double accuracy)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
index 5a8226115f..8b25768575 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
 
         public void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
         {
-            // Default value of ScoreProcessor's Rank in Hidden Mod should be SS+
-            scoreProcessor.Rank.Value = ScoreRank.XH;
         }
 
         public ScoreRank AdjustRank(ScoreRank rank, double accuracy)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
index 1daaa24d57..bce28361cb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
@@ -599,7 +599,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
             float balanceAdjustAmount = positionalHitsoundsLevel.Value * 2;
             double returnedValue = balanceAdjustAmount * (position - 0.5f);
 
-            return returnedValue;
+            // Rounded to reduce the overhead of audio adjustments (which are currently bindable heavy).
+            // Balance is very hard to perceive in small increments anyways.
+            return Math.Round(returnedValue, 2);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Legacy/LegacyRulesetExtensions.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Legacy/LegacyRulesetExtensions.cs
index 53cf835248..2a5a11161b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Legacy/LegacyRulesetExtensions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Legacy/LegacyRulesetExtensions.cs
@@ -57,5 +57,40 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy
 
             return (float)(1.0f - 0.7f * IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(circleSize)) / 2 * (applyFudge ? broken_gamefield_rounding_allowance : 1);
         }
+
+        public static int CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty, int objectCount, int drainLength)
+        {
+            /*
+             * WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
+             *
+             * It so happens that in stable, due to .NET Framework internals, float math would be performed
+             * using x87 registers and opcodes.
+             * .NET (Core) however uses SSE instructions on 32- and 64-bit words.
+             * x87 registers are _80 bits_ wide. Which is notably wider than _both_ float and double.
+             * Therefore, on a significant number of beatmaps, the rounding would not produce correct values.
+             *
+             * Thus, to crudely - but, seemingly *mostly* accurately, after checking across all ranked maps - emulate this,
+             * use `decimal`, which is slow, but has bigger precision than `double`.
+             * At the time of writing, there is _one_ ranked exception to this - namely https://osu.ppy.sh/beatmapsets/1156087#osu/2625853 -
+             * but it is considered an "acceptable casualty", since in that case scores aren't inflated by _that_ much compared to others.
+             */
+
+            decimal objectToDrainRatio = drainLength != 0
+                ? Math.Clamp((decimal)objectCount / drainLength * 8, 0, 16)
+                : 16;
+
+            /*
+             * Notably, THE `double` CASTS BELOW ARE IMPORTANT AND MUST REMAIN.
+             * Their goal is to trick the compiler / runtime into NOT promoting from single-precision float, as doing so would prompt it
+             * to attempt to "silently" fix the single-precision values when converting to decimal,
+             * which is NOT what the x87 FPU does.
+             */
+
+            decimal drainRate = (decimal)(double)difficulty.DrainRate;
+            decimal overallDifficulty = (decimal)(double)difficulty.OverallDifficulty;
+            decimal circleSize = (decimal)(double)difficulty.CircleSize;
+
+            return (int)Math.Round((drainRate + overallDifficulty + circleSize + objectToDrainRatio) / 38 * 5);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
index f307344347..7e58df3cfa 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description(@"")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "none")]
-        [Order(14)]
+        [Order(15)]
         None,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// Indicates small tick miss.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "small_tick_miss")]
-        [Order(11)]
+        [Order(12)]
         SmallTickMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "large_tick_miss")]
         [Description("-")]
-        [Order(10)]
+        [Order(11)]
         LargeTickMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description("S Bonus")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "small_bonus")]
-        [Order(9)]
+        [Order(10)]
         SmallBonus,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description("L Bonus")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "large_bonus")]
-        [Order(8)]
+        [Order(9)]
         LargeBonus,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "ignore_miss")]
         [Description("-")]
-        [Order(13)]
+        [Order(14)]
         IgnoreMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates a hit that should be ignored for scoring purposes.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "ignore_hit")]
-        [Order(12)]
+        [Order(13)]
         IgnoreHit,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// May be paired with <see cref="IgnoreHit"/>.
         /// </remarks>
         [EnumMember(Value = "combo_break")]
-        [Order(15)]
+        [Order(16)]
         ComboBreak,
 
         /// <summary>
         /// A special judgement similar to <see cref="LargeTickHit"/> that's used to increase the valuation of the final tick of a slider.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "slider_tail_hit")]
-        [Order(16)]
+        [Order(8)]
         SliderTailHit,
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
index 837bb4080e..14fa928224 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// <summary>
         /// The current rank.
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly Bindable<ScoreRank> Rank = new Bindable<ScoreRank>(ScoreRank.X);
+        public IBindable<ScoreRank> Rank => rank;
+
+        private readonly Bindable<ScoreRank> rank = new Bindable<ScoreRank>(ScoreRank.X);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The highest combo achieved by this score.
@@ -167,14 +169,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
                 if (!beatmapApplied)
                     throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot access maximum statistics before calling {nameof(ApplyBeatmap)}.");
 
-                return new Dictionary<HitResult, int>(maximumResultCounts);
+                return new Dictionary<HitResult, int>(MaximumResultCounts);
             }
         }
 
         private bool beatmapApplied;
 
-        private readonly Dictionary<HitResult, int> scoreResultCounts = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
-        private readonly Dictionary<HitResult, int> maximumResultCounts = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
+        protected readonly Dictionary<HitResult, int> ScoreResultCounts = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
+        protected readonly Dictionary<HitResult, int> MaximumResultCounts = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
 
         private readonly List<HitEvent> hitEvents = new List<HitEvent>();
         private HitObject? lastHitObject;
@@ -186,9 +188,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             Combo.ValueChanged += combo => HighestCombo.Value = Math.Max(HighestCombo.Value, combo.NewValue);
             Accuracy.ValueChanged += accuracy =>
             {
-                Rank.Value = RankFromAccuracy(accuracy.NewValue);
+                // Once failed, we shouldn't update the rank anymore.
+                if (rank.Value == ScoreRank.F)
+                    return;
+
+                rank.Value = RankFromAccuracy(accuracy.NewValue);
                 foreach (var mod in Mods.Value.OfType<IApplicableToScoreProcessor>())
-                    Rank.Value = mod.AdjustRank(Rank.Value, accuracy.NewValue);
+                    rank.Value = mod.AdjustRank(Rank.Value, accuracy.NewValue);
             };
 
             Mods.ValueChanged += mods =>
@@ -216,7 +222,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             if (result.FailedAtJudgement)
                 return;
 
-            scoreResultCounts[result.Type] = scoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) + 1;
+            ScoreResultCounts[result.Type] = ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) + 1;
 
             if (result.Type.IncreasesCombo())
                 Combo.Value++;
@@ -272,7 +278,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             if (result.FailedAtJudgement)
                 return;
 
-            scoreResultCounts[result.Type] = scoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) - 1;
+            ScoreResultCounts[result.Type] = ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) - 1;
 
             if (result.Judgement.MaxResult.AffectsAccuracy())
             {
@@ -394,13 +400,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
                 maximumComboPortion = currentComboPortion;
                 maximumAccuracyJudgementCount = currentAccuracyJudgementCount;
 
-                maximumResultCounts.Clear();
-                maximumResultCounts.AddRange(scoreResultCounts);
+                MaximumResultCounts.Clear();
+                MaximumResultCounts.AddRange(ScoreResultCounts);
 
                 MaximumTotalScore = TotalScore.Value;
             }
 
-            scoreResultCounts.Clear();
+            ScoreResultCounts.Clear();
 
             currentBaseScore = 0;
             currentMaximumBaseScore = 0;
@@ -411,8 +417,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             TotalScore.Value = 0;
             Accuracy.Value = 1;
             Combo.Value = 0;
-            Rank.Disabled = false;
-            Rank.Value = ScoreRank.X;
+            rank.Value = ScoreRank.X;
             HighestCombo.Value = 0;
         }
 
@@ -430,10 +435,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             score.MaximumStatistics.Clear();
 
             foreach (var result in HitResultExtensions.ALL_TYPES)
-                score.Statistics[result] = scoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result);
+                score.Statistics[result] = ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result);
 
             foreach (var result in HitResultExtensions.ALL_TYPES)
-                score.MaximumStatistics[result] = maximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result);
+                score.MaximumStatistics[result] = MaximumResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result);
 
             // Populate total score after everything else.
             score.TotalScore = TotalScore.Value;
@@ -448,7 +453,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
                 return;
 
             score.Passed = false;
-            Rank.Value = ScoreRank.F;
+            rank.Value = ScoreRank.F;
 
             PopulateScore(score);
         }
@@ -464,8 +469,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             HighestCombo.Value = frame.Header.MaxCombo;
             TotalScore.Value = frame.Header.TotalScore;
 
-            scoreResultCounts.Clear();
-            scoreResultCounts.AddRange(frame.Header.Statistics);
+            ScoreResultCounts.Clear();
+            ScoreResultCounts.AddRange(frame.Header.Statistics);
 
             SetScoreProcessorStatistics(frame.Header.ScoreProcessorStatistics);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
index cf0a7bd54f..389b20b5c8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.IO.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.IO.Serialization;
 using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays.Types;
 using SharpCompress.Compressors.LZMA;
@@ -36,9 +37,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy
         /// <item><description>30000007: Adjust osu!mania combo and accuracy portions and judgement scoring values. Reconvert all scores.</description></item>
         /// <item><description>30000008: Add accuracy conversion. Reconvert all scores.</description></item>
         /// <item><description>30000009: Fix edge cases in conversion for scores which have 0.0x mod multiplier on stable. Reconvert all scores.</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>30000010: Fix mania score V1 conversion using score V1 accuracy rather than V2 accuracy. Reconvert all scores.</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>30000011: Re-do catch scoring to mirror stable Score V2 as closely as feasible. Reconvert all scores.</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>
+        /// 30000012: Fix incorrect total score conversion on selected beatmaps after implementing the more correct
+        /// <see cref="LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars"/> method. Reconvert all scores.
+        /// </description></item>
         /// </list>
         /// </remarks>
-        public const int LATEST_VERSION = 30000009;
+        public const int LATEST_VERSION = 30000012;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The first stable-compatible YYYYMMDD format version given to lazer usage of replays.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/SelectionBoxRotationHandle.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/SelectionBoxRotationHandle.cs
index 024749a701..5270162189 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/SelectionBoxRotationHandle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/SelectionBoxRotationHandle.cs
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
 
         protected override bool OnDragStart(DragStartEvent e)
         {
+            if (e.Button != MouseButton.Left)
+                return false;
+
             if (rotationHandler == null) return false;
 
             rotationHandler.Begin();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/IntroScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/IntroScreen.cs
index de7732dd5e..ac7dffc241 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/IntroScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/IntroScreen.cs
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
             Colour = Color4.Black
         };
 
+        public override bool? AllowGlobalTrackControl => false;
+
         protected IntroScreen([CanBeNull] Func<MainMenu> createNextScreen = null)
         {
             this.createNextScreen = createNextScreen;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
index 516b090a16..a75edd1cff 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Game.IO;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Dialog;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Backgrounds;
@@ -49,6 +51,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
 
         public override bool AllowExternalScreenChange => true;
 
+        public override bool? AllowGlobalTrackControl => true;
+
         private Screen songSelect;
 
         private MenuSideFlashes sideFlashes;
@@ -390,7 +394,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
             if (requiresConfirmation)
             {
                 if (dialogOverlay.CurrentDialog is ConfirmExitDialog exitDialog)
-                    exitDialog.PerformOkAction();
+                {
+                    if (exitDialog.Buttons.OfType<PopupDialogOkButton>().FirstOrDefault() != null)
+                        exitDialog.PerformOkAction();
+                    else
+                        exitDialog.Flash();
+                }
                 else
                 {
                     dialogOverlay.Push(new ConfirmExitDialog(() =>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
index 7c12e6eab5..56256bb15c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
@@ -349,6 +349,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
             addItemButton.Alpha = localUserCanAddItem ? 1 : 0;
 
             Scheduler.AddOnce(UpdateMods);
+
+            Activity.Value = new UserActivity.InLobby(Room);
         }
 
         private bool localUserCanAddItem => client.IsHost || Room.QueueMode.Value != QueueMode.HostOnly;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
index e6d9dd4cd0..d9043df1d5 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
     {
         protected override bool PauseOnFocusLost => false;
 
-        // Disallow fails in multiplayer for now.
-        protected override bool CheckModsAllowFailure() => false;
-
         protected override UserActivity InitialActivity => new UserActivity.InMultiplayerGame(Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo, Ruleset.Value);
 
         [Resolved]
@@ -55,6 +52,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
             {
                 AllowPause = false,
                 AllowRestart = false,
+                AllowFailAnimation = false,
                 AllowSkipping = room.AutoSkip.Value,
                 AutomaticallySkipIntro = room.AutoSkip.Value,
                 AlwaysShowLeaderboard = true,
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/BreakOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/BreakOverlay.cs
index 3ca82ec00b..e18612c955 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/BreakOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/BreakOverlay.cs
@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play.Break;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             if (scoreProcessor != null)
             {
                 info.AccuracyDisplay.Current.BindTo(scoreProcessor.Accuracy);
-                info.GradeDisplay.Current.BindTo(scoreProcessor.Rank);
+                ((IBindable<ScoreRank>)info.GradeDisplay.Current).BindTo(scoreProcessor.Rank);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayState.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayState.cs
index c2162d4df2..cc399a0fbe 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayState.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayState.cs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         public bool HasPassed { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the user failed during gameplay.
+        /// Whether the user failed during gameplay. This is only set when the gameplay session has completed due to the fail.
         /// </summary>
         public bool HasFailed { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
index 521ad63426..171aa3f44b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
@@ -83,12 +83,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                         },
                         fractionPart = new ArgonCounterTextComponent(Anchor.TopLeft)
                         {
+                            RequiredDisplayDigits = { Value = 2 },
                             WireframeOpacity = { BindTarget = WireframeOpacity },
                             Scale = new Vector2(0.5f),
                         },
                         percentText = new ArgonCounterTextComponent(Anchor.TopLeft)
                         {
                             Text = @"%",
+                            RequiredDisplayDigits = { Value = 1 },
                             WireframeOpacity = { BindTarget = WireframeOpacity }
                         },
                     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
index 5ea7fd0b82..1d6ca3c893 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
@@ -57,6 +57,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             });
         }
 
+        public override int DisplayedCount
+        {
+            get => base.DisplayedCount;
+            set
+            {
+                base.DisplayedCount = value;
+                updateWireframe();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void updateWireframe()
+        {
+            text.RequiredDisplayDigits.Value = getDigitsRequiredForDisplayCount();
+        }
+
+        private int getDigitsRequiredForDisplayCount()
+        {
+            // one for the single presumed starting digit, one for the "x" at the end.
+            int digitsRequired = 2;
+            long c = DisplayedCount;
+            while ((c /= 10) > 0)
+                digitsRequired++;
+            return digitsRequired;
+        }
+
         protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(int count) => $@"{count}x";
 
         protected override IHasText CreateText() => text = new ArgonCounterTextComponent(Anchor.TopLeft, MatchesStrings.MatchScoreStatsCombo.ToUpper())
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
index 2a3f4365cb..a11f2f01cd 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
-using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -33,14 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
         public LocalisableString Text
         {
             get => textPart.Text;
-            set
-            {
-                int remainingCount = RequiredDisplayDigits.Value - value.ToString().Count(char.IsDigit);
-                string remainingText = remainingCount > 0 ? new string('#', remainingCount) : string.Empty;
-
-                wireframesPart.Text = remainingText + value;
-                textPart.Text = value;
-            }
+            set => textPart.Text = value;
         }
 
         public ArgonCounterTextComponent(Anchor anchor, LocalisableString? label = null)
@@ -81,6 +74,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                     }
                 }
             };
+
+            RequiredDisplayDigits.BindValueChanged(digits => wireframesPart.Text = new string('#', digits.NewValue));
         }
 
         private string textLookup(char c)
@@ -137,33 +132,49 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
             private void load(TextureStore textures)
             {
+                const string font_name = @"argon-counter";
+
                 Spacing = new Vector2(-2f, 0f);
-                Font = new FontUsage(@"argon-counter", 1);
-                glyphStore = new GlyphStore(textures, getLookup);
+                Font = new FontUsage(font_name, 1);
+                glyphStore = new GlyphStore(font_name, textures, getLookup);
             }
 
             protected override TextBuilder CreateTextBuilder(ITexturedGlyphLookupStore store) => base.CreateTextBuilder(glyphStore);
 
             private class GlyphStore : ITexturedGlyphLookupStore
             {
+                private readonly string fontName;
                 private readonly TextureStore textures;
                 private readonly Func<char, string> getLookup;
 
-                public GlyphStore(TextureStore textures, Func<char, string> getLookup)
+                private readonly Dictionary<char, ITexturedCharacterGlyph?> cache = new Dictionary<char, ITexturedCharacterGlyph?>();
+
+                public GlyphStore(string fontName, TextureStore textures, Func<char, string> getLookup)
                 {
+                    this.fontName = fontName;
                     this.textures = textures;
                     this.getLookup = getLookup;
                 }
 
                 public ITexturedCharacterGlyph? Get(string? fontName, char character)
                 {
+                    // We only service one font.
+                    if (fontName != this.fontName)
+                        return null;
+
+                    if (cache.TryGetValue(character, out var cached))
+                        return cached;
+
                     string lookup = getLookup(character);
                     var texture = textures.Get($"Gameplay/Fonts/{fontName}-{lookup}");
 
-                    if (texture == null)
-                        return null;
+                    TexturedCharacterGlyph? glyph = null;
 
-                    return new TexturedCharacterGlyph(new CharacterGlyph(character, 0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height, null), texture, 0.125f);
+                    if (texture != null)
+                        glyph = new TexturedCharacterGlyph(new CharacterGlyph(character, 0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height, null), texture, 0.125f);
+
+                    cache[character] = glyph;
+                    return glyph;
                 }
 
                 public Task<ITexturedCharacterGlyph?> GetAsync(string fontName, char character) => Task.Run(() => Get(fontName, character));
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
index 8acc43c091..236bd3366d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Caching;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -58,39 +58,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private bool displayingMiss => resetMissBarDelegate != null;
 
-        private readonly List<Vector2> missBarVertices = new List<Vector2>();
-        private readonly List<Vector2> healthBarVertices = new List<Vector2>();
+        private readonly List<Vector2> vertices = new List<Vector2>();
 
         private double glowBarValue;
 
-        public double GlowBarValue
-        {
-            get => glowBarValue;
-            set
-            {
-                if (glowBarValue == value)
-                    return;
-
-                glowBarValue = value;
-                Scheduler.AddOnce(updatePathVertices);
-            }
-        }
-
         private double healthBarValue;
 
-        public double HealthBarValue
-        {
-            get => healthBarValue;
-            set
-            {
-                if (healthBarValue == value)
-                    return;
-
-                healthBarValue = value;
-                Scheduler.AddOnce(updatePathVertices);
-            }
-        }
-
         public const float MAIN_PATH_RADIUS = 10f;
 
         private const float curve_start_offset = 70;
@@ -100,6 +73,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private readonly LayoutValue drawSizeLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize);
 
+        private readonly Cached pathVerticesCache = new Cached();
+
         public ArgonHealthDisplay()
         {
             AddLayout(drawSizeLayout);
@@ -158,7 +133,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             base.LoadComplete();
 
             HealthProcessor.NewJudgement += onNewJudgement;
-            Current.BindValueChanged(onCurrentChanged, true);
 
             // we're about to set `RelativeSizeAxes` depending on the value of `UseRelativeSize`.
             // setting `RelativeSizeAxes` internally transforms absolute sizing to relative and back to keep the size the same,
@@ -173,31 +147,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private void onNewJudgement(JudgementResult result) => pendingMissAnimation |= !result.IsHit;
 
-        private void onCurrentChanged(ValueChangedEvent<double> valueChangedEvent)
-            // schedule display updates one frame later to ensure we know the judgement result causing this change (if there is one).
-            => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateDisplay);
-
-        private void updateDisplay()
-        {
-            double newHealth = Current.Value;
-
-            if (newHealth >= GlowBarValue)
-                finishMissDisplay();
-
-            double time = newHealth > GlowBarValue ? 500 : 250;
-
-            // TODO: this should probably use interpolation in update.
-            this.TransformTo(nameof(HealthBarValue), newHealth, time, Easing.OutQuint);
-
-            if (pendingMissAnimation && newHealth < GlowBarValue)
-                triggerMissDisplay();
-
-            pendingMissAnimation = false;
-
-            if (!displayingMiss)
-                this.TransformTo(nameof(GlowBarValue), newHealth, time, Easing.OutQuint);
-        }
-
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
@@ -208,30 +157,44 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                 drawSizeLayout.Validate();
             }
 
+            healthBarValue = Interpolation.DampContinuously(healthBarValue, Current.Value, 50, Time.Elapsed);
+            if (!displayingMiss)
+                glowBarValue = Interpolation.DampContinuously(glowBarValue, Current.Value, 50, Time.Elapsed);
+
             mainBar.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(mainBar.Alpha, Current.Value > 0 ? 1 : 0, 40, Time.Elapsed);
-            glowBar.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(glowBar.Alpha, GlowBarValue > 0 ? 1 : 0, 40, Time.Elapsed);
+            glowBar.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(glowBar.Alpha, glowBarValue > 0 ? 1 : 0, 40, Time.Elapsed);
+
+            updatePathVertices();
+        }
+
+        protected override void HealthChanged(bool increase)
+        {
+            if (Current.Value >= glowBarValue)
+                finishMissDisplay();
+
+            if (pendingMissAnimation)
+            {
+                triggerMissDisplay();
+                pendingMissAnimation = false;
+            }
+
+            base.HealthChanged(increase);
         }
 
         protected override void FinishInitialAnimation(double value)
         {
             base.FinishInitialAnimation(value);
-            this.TransformTo(nameof(HealthBarValue), value, 500, Easing.OutQuint);
-            this.TransformTo(nameof(GlowBarValue), value, 250, Easing.OutQuint);
+            this.TransformTo(nameof(healthBarValue), value, 500, Easing.OutQuint);
+            this.TransformTo(nameof(glowBarValue), value, 250, Easing.OutQuint);
         }
 
         protected override void Flash()
         {
             base.Flash();
 
-            mainBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour.Opacity(0.8f))
-                   .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
-
             if (!displayingMiss)
             {
-                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), Colour4.White, 30, Easing.OutQuint)
-                       .Then()
-                       .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), main_bar_colour, 1000, Easing.OutQuint);
-
+                // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
                 glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), Colour4.White, 30, Easing.OutQuint)
                        .Then()
                        .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
@@ -245,13 +208,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             this.Delay(500).Schedule(() =>
             {
-                this.TransformTo(nameof(GlowBarValue), Current.Value, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
+                this.TransformTo(nameof(glowBarValue), Current.Value, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
                 finishMissDisplay();
             }, out resetMissBarDelegate);
 
+            // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
             glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 147, 147, 255), 100, Easing.OutQuint).Then()
                    .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 93, 93, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
 
+            // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
             glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255).Lighten(0.2f))
                    .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
         }
@@ -263,6 +228,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             if (Current.Value > 0)
             {
+                // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
                 glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), main_bar_colour, 300, Easing.In);
                 glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.In);
             }
@@ -302,7 +268,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             if (DrawWidth - padding < rescale_cutoff)
                 rescalePathProportionally();
 
-            List<Vector2> vertices = new List<Vector2>();
             barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, 0.0, 1.0);
 
             background.Vertices = vertices;
@@ -332,20 +297,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private void updatePathVertices()
         {
-            barPath.GetPathToProgress(healthBarVertices, 0.0, healthBarValue);
-            barPath.GetPathToProgress(missBarVertices, healthBarValue, Math.Max(glowBarValue, healthBarValue));
+            barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, 0.0, healthBarValue);
+            if (vertices.Count == 0) vertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
+            Vector2 initialVertex = vertices[0];
+            for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Count; i++)
+                vertices[i] -= initialVertex;
 
-            if (healthBarVertices.Count == 0)
-                healthBarVertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
+            mainBar.Vertices = vertices;
+            mainBar.Position = initialVertex;
 
-            if (missBarVertices.Count == 0)
-                missBarVertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
+            barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, healthBarValue, Math.Max(glowBarValue, healthBarValue));
+            if (vertices.Count == 0) vertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
+            initialVertex = vertices[0];
+            for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Count; i++)
+                vertices[i] -= initialVertex;
 
-            glowBar.Vertices = missBarVertices.Select(v => v - missBarVertices[0]).ToList();
-            glowBar.Position = missBarVertices[0];
+            glowBar.Vertices = vertices;
+            glowBar.Position = initialVertex;
 
-            mainBar.Vertices = healthBarVertices.Select(v => v - healthBarVertices[0]).ToList();
-            mainBar.Position = healthBarVertices[0];
+            pathVerticesCache.Validate();
         }
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
@@ -358,14 +328,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private partial class BackgroundPath : SmoothPath
         {
+            private static readonly Color4 colour_white = Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f);
+            private static readonly Color4 colour_black = Color4.Black.Opacity(0.2f);
+
             protected override Color4 ColourAt(float position)
             {
                 if (position <= 0.16f)
-                    return Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f);
+                    return colour_white;
 
                 return Interpolation.ValueAt(position,
-                    Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f),
-                    Color4.Black.Opacity(0.2f),
+                    colour_white,
+                    colour_black,
                     -0.5f, 1f, Easing.OutQuint);
             }
         }
@@ -404,12 +377,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             public float GlowPortion { get; init; }
 
+            private static readonly Colour4 transparent_black = Colour4.Black.Opacity(0.0f);
+
             protected override Color4 ColourAt(float position)
             {
                 if (position >= GlowPortion)
                     return BarColour;
 
-                return Interpolation.ValueAt(position, Colour4.Black.Opacity(0.0f), GlowColour, 0.0, GlowPortion, Easing.InQuint);
+                return Interpolation.ValueAt(position, transparent_black, GlowColour, 0.0, GlowPortion, Easing.InQuint);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
index 005f7e36a7..f7ca218767 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 {
     public partial class ArgonScoreCounter : GameplayScoreCounter, ISerialisableDrawable
     {
+        private ArgonScoreTextComponent scoreText = null!;
+
         protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
         protected override Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuint;
 
@@ -33,13 +36,42 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(long count) => count.ToLocalisableString();
 
-        protected override IHasText CreateText() => new ArgonScoreTextComponent(Anchor.TopRight, BeatmapsetsStrings.ShowScoreboardHeadersScore.ToUpper())
+        protected override IHasText CreateText() => scoreText = new ArgonScoreTextComponent(Anchor.TopRight, BeatmapsetsStrings.ShowScoreboardHeadersScore.ToUpper())
         {
-            RequiredDisplayDigits = { BindTarget = RequiredDisplayDigits },
             WireframeOpacity = { BindTarget = WireframeOpacity },
             ShowLabel = { BindTarget = ShowLabel },
         };
 
+        public ArgonScoreCounter()
+        {
+            RequiredDisplayDigits.BindValueChanged(_ => updateWireframe());
+        }
+
+        public override long DisplayedCount
+        {
+            get => base.DisplayedCount;
+            set
+            {
+                base.DisplayedCount = value;
+                updateWireframe();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void updateWireframe()
+        {
+            scoreText.RequiredDisplayDigits.Value =
+                Math.Max(RequiredDisplayDigits.Value, getDigitsRequiredForDisplayCount());
+        }
+
+        private int getDigitsRequiredForDisplayCount()
+        {
+            int digitsRequired = 1;
+            long c = DisplayedCount;
+            while ((c /= 10) > 0)
+                digitsRequired++;
+            return digitsRequired;
+        }
+
         private partial class ArgonScoreTextComponent : ArgonCounterTextComponent
         {
             public ArgonScoreTextComponent(Anchor anchor, LocalisableString? label = null)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ComboCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ComboCounter.cs
index 17531281aa..93802e11c2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ComboCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ComboCounter.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
     {
         public bool UsesFixedAnchor { get; set; }
 
-        protected ComboCounter()
-        {
-            Current.Value = DisplayedCount = 0;
-        }
-
         protected override double GetProportionalDuration(int currentValue, int newValue)
         {
             return Math.Abs(currentValue - newValue) * RollingDuration * 100.0f;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/FailingLayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/FailingLayer.cs
index 3954e23cbe..2bac7660b3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/FailingLayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/FailingLayer.cs
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override void Update()
         {
+            base.Update();
+
             double target = Math.Clamp(max_alpha * (1 - Current.Value / low_health_threshold), 0, max_alpha);
 
             boxes.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(boxes.Alpha, target, Clock.ElapsedFrameTime * 0.01f);
-
-            base.Update();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HealthDisplay.cs
index 7747036826..3ef3dcb417 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HealthDisplay.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
@@ -30,11 +31,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
         public Bindable<double> Current { get; } = new BindableDouble
         {
             MinValue = 0,
-            MaxValue = 1
+            MaxValue = 1,
         };
 
         private BindableNumber<double> health = null!;
 
+        protected bool InitialAnimationPlaying => initialIncrease != null;
+
         private ScheduledDelegate? initialIncrease;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -56,13 +59,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             // Don't bind directly so we can animate the startup procedure.
             health = HealthProcessor.Health.GetBoundCopy();
-            health.BindValueChanged(h =>
-            {
-                if (initialIncrease != null)
-                    FinishInitialAnimation(h.OldValue);
-
-                Current.Value = h.NewValue;
-            });
 
             if (hudOverlay != null)
                 showHealthBar.BindTo(hudOverlay.ShowHealthBar);
@@ -70,12 +66,42 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             // this probably shouldn't be operating on `this.`
             showHealthBar.BindValueChanged(healthBar => this.FadeTo(healthBar.NewValue ? 1 : 0, HUDOverlay.FADE_DURATION, HUDOverlay.FADE_EASING), true);
 
+            initialHealthValue = health.Value;
+
             if (PlayInitialIncreaseAnimation)
                 startInitialAnimation();
             else
                 Current.Value = health.Value;
         }
 
+        private double lastValue;
+        private double initialHealthValue;
+
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+
+            if (!InitialAnimationPlaying || health.Value != initialHealthValue)
+            {
+                Current.Value = health.Value;
+
+                if (initialIncrease != null)
+                    FinishInitialAnimation(Current.Value);
+            }
+
+            // Health changes every frame in draining situations.
+            // Manually handle value changes to avoid bindable event flow overhead.
+            if (!Precision.AlmostEquals(lastValue, Current.Value, 0.001f))
+            {
+                HealthChanged(Current.Value > lastValue);
+                lastValue = Current.Value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected virtual void HealthChanged(bool increase)
+        {
+        }
+
         private void startInitialAnimation()
         {
             if (Current.Value >= health.Value)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
index a475f4823f..0d60ec4713 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             Precision = 0.1,
         };
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether the audio playback rate should be validated.
+        /// Mostly disabled for tests.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool ShouldValidatePlaybackRate { get; init; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether the audio playback is within acceptable ranges.
         /// Will become false if audio playback is not going as expected.
@@ -223,6 +229,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         private void checkPlaybackValidity()
         {
+            if (!ShouldValidatePlaybackRate)
+                return;
+
             if (GameplayClock.IsRunning)
             {
                 elapsedGameplayClockTime += GameplayClock.ElapsedFrameTime;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
index c960ac357f..b87306b9a2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             }
 
             // Only show the completion screen if the player hasn't failed
-            if (HealthProcessor.HasFailed)
+            if (GameplayState.HasFailed)
                 return;
 
             GameplayState.HasPassed = true;
@@ -801,8 +801,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                     // This player instance may already be in the process of exiting.
                     return;
 
-                Debug.Assert(ScoreProcessor.Rank.Value != ScoreRank.F);
-
                 this.Push(CreateResults(prepareScoreForDisplayTask.GetResultSafely()));
             }, Time.Current + delay, 50);
 
@@ -924,37 +922,44 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             if (!CheckModsAllowFailure())
                 return false;
 
-            Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasFailed);
-            Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasPassed);
-            Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasQuit);
+            if (Configuration.AllowFailAnimation)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasFailed);
+                Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasPassed);
+                Debug.Assert(!GameplayState.HasQuit);
 
-            GameplayState.HasFailed = true;
+                GameplayState.HasFailed = true;
 
-            updateGameplayState();
+                updateGameplayState();
 
-            // There is a chance that we could be in a paused state as the ruleset's internal clock (see FrameStabilityContainer)
-            // could process an extra frame after the GameplayClock is stopped.
-            // In such cases we want the fail state to precede a user triggered pause.
-            if (PauseOverlay.State.Value == Visibility.Visible)
-                PauseOverlay.Hide();
+                // There is a chance that we could be in a paused state as the ruleset's internal clock (see FrameStabilityContainer)
+                // could process an extra frame after the GameplayClock is stopped.
+                // In such cases we want the fail state to precede a user triggered pause.
+                if (PauseOverlay.State.Value == Visibility.Visible)
+                    PauseOverlay.Hide();
 
-            failAnimationContainer.Start();
+                failAnimationContainer.Start();
 
-            // Failures can be triggered either by a judgement, or by a mod.
-            //
-            // For the case of a judgement, due to ordering considerations, ScoreProcessor will not have received
-            // the final judgement which triggered the failure yet (see DrawableRuleset.NewResult handling above).
-            //
-            // A schedule here ensures that any lingering judgements from the current frame are applied before we
-            // finalise the score as "failed".
-            Schedule(() =>
+                // Failures can be triggered either by a judgement, or by a mod.
+                //
+                // For the case of a judgement, due to ordering considerations, ScoreProcessor will not have received
+                // the final judgement which triggered the failure yet (see DrawableRuleset.NewResult handling above).
+                //
+                // A schedule here ensures that any lingering judgements from the current frame are applied before we
+                // finalise the score as "failed".
+                Schedule(() =>
+                {
+                    ScoreProcessor.FailScore(Score.ScoreInfo);
+                    OnFail();
+
+                    if (GameplayState.Mods.OfType<IApplicableFailOverride>().Any(m => m.RestartOnFail))
+                        Restart(true);
+                });
+            }
+            else
             {
                 ScoreProcessor.FailScore(Score.ScoreInfo);
-                OnFail();
-
-                if (GameplayState.Mods.OfType<IApplicableFailOverride>().Any(m => m.RestartOnFail))
-                    Restart(true);
-            });
+            }
 
             return true;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerConfiguration.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerConfiguration.cs
index 122e25f406..466a691118 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerConfiguration.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerConfiguration.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         /// </summary>
         public bool ShowResults { get; set; } = true;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether the fail animation / screen should be triggered on failing.
+        /// If false, the score will still be marked as failed but gameplay will continue.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool AllowFailAnimation { get; set; } = true;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether the player should be allowed to trigger a restart.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
index 83adf1f960..04abb6162f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         [Resolved]
         private SessionStatics statics { get; set; }
 
+        private readonly object scoreSubmissionLock = new object();
         private TaskCompletionSource<bool> scoreSubmissionSource;
 
         protected SubmittingPlayer(PlayerConfiguration configuration = null)
@@ -60,6 +61,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             AddInternal(new PlayerTouchInputDetector());
         }
 
+        protected override GameplayClockContainer CreateGameplayClockContainer(WorkingBeatmap beatmap, double gameplayStart) => new MasterGameplayClockContainer(beatmap, gameplayStart)
+        {
+            ShouldValidatePlaybackRate = true,
+        };
+
         protected override void LoadAsyncComplete()
         {
             base.LoadAsyncComplete();
@@ -228,16 +234,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 return Task.CompletedTask;
             }
 
-            if (scoreSubmissionSource != null)
-                return scoreSubmissionSource.Task;
+            lock (scoreSubmissionLock)
+            {
+                if (scoreSubmissionSource != null)
+                    return scoreSubmissionSource.Task;
+
+                scoreSubmissionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
+            }
 
             // if the user never hit anything, this score should not be counted in any way.
             if (!score.ScoreInfo.Statistics.Any(s => s.Key.IsHit() && s.Value > 0))
                 return Task.CompletedTask;
 
             Logger.Log($"Beginning score submission (token:{token.Value})...");
-
-            scoreSubmissionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
             var request = CreateSubmissionRequest(score, token.Value);
 
             request.Success += s =>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/SoloStatisticsPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/SoloStatisticsPanel.cs
index 73b9897096..762be61853 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/SoloStatisticsPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/SoloStatisticsPanel.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Width = 0.5f,
                     StatisticsUpdate = { BindTarget = StatisticsUpdate }
                 })).ToArray();
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
index 89911c9a69..4408634787 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
@@ -96,18 +96,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
         /// <summary>
         /// Extend the range to retain already loaded pooled drawables.
         /// </summary>
-        private const float distance_offscreen_before_unload = 1024;
+        private const float distance_offscreen_before_unload = 2048;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Extend the range to update positions / retrieve pooled drawables outside of visible range.
         /// </summary>
-        private const float distance_offscreen_to_preload = 512; // todo: adjust this appropriately once we can make set panel contents load while off-screen.
+        private const float distance_offscreen_to_preload = 768;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether carousel items have completed asynchronously loaded.
         /// </summary>
         public bool BeatmapSetsLoaded { get; private set; }
 
+        [Cached]
         protected readonly CarouselScrollContainer Scroll;
 
         private readonly NoResultsPlaceholder noResultsPlaceholder;
@@ -1251,7 +1252,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
             }
         }
 
-        protected partial class CarouselScrollContainer : UserTrackingScrollContainer<DrawableCarouselItem>
+        public partial class CarouselScrollContainer : UserTrackingScrollContainer<DrawableCarouselItem>
         {
             private bool rightMouseScrollBlocked;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
index f16e92a82a..369db37e63 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -46,6 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
 
         private MenuItem[]? mainMenuItems;
 
+        private double timeSinceUnpool;
+
         [Resolved]
         private BeatmapManager manager { get; set; } = null!;
 
@@ -54,6 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
             base.FreeAfterUse();
 
             Item = null;
+            timeSinceUnpool = 0;
 
             ClearTransforms();
         }
@@ -92,13 +98,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
                 // algorithm for this is taken from ScrollContainer.
                 // while it doesn't necessarily need to match 1:1, as we are emulating scroll in some cases this feels most correct.
                 Y = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(targetY, Y, Math.Exp(-0.01 * Time.Elapsed));
+
+            loadContentIfRequired();
         }
 
+        private CancellationTokenSource? loadCancellation;
+
         protected override void UpdateItem()
         {
+            loadCancellation?.Cancel();
+            loadCancellation = null;
+
             base.UpdateItem();
 
             Content.Clear();
+            Header.Clear();
 
             beatmapContainer = null;
             beatmapsLoadTask = null;
@@ -107,32 +121,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
                 return;
 
             beatmapSet = ((CarouselBeatmapSet)Item).BeatmapSet;
-
-            DelayedLoadWrapper background;
-            DelayedLoadWrapper mainFlow;
-
-            Header.Children = new Drawable[]
-            {
-                // Choice of background image matches BSS implementation (always uses the lowest `beatmap_id` from the set).
-                background = new DelayedLoadWrapper(() => new SetPanelBackground(manager.GetWorkingBeatmap(beatmapSet.Beatmaps.MinBy(b => b.OnlineID)))
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                }, 200)
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
-                },
-                mainFlow = new DelayedLoadWrapper(() => new SetPanelContent((CarouselBeatmapSet)Item), 50)
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
-                },
-            };
-
-            background.DelayedLoadComplete += fadeContentIn;
-            mainFlow.DelayedLoadComplete += fadeContentIn;
         }
 
-        private void fadeContentIn(Drawable d) => d.FadeInFromZero(150);
-
         protected override void Deselected()
         {
             base.Deselected();
@@ -190,6 +180,56 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
             }
         }
 
+        [Resolved]
+        private BeatmapCarousel.CarouselScrollContainer scrollContainer { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        private void loadContentIfRequired()
+        {
+            Quad containingSsdq = scrollContainer.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad;
+
+            // Using DelayedLoadWrappers would only allow us to load content when on screen, but we want to preload while off-screen
+            // to provide a better user experience.
+
+            // This is tracking time that this drawable is updating since the last pool.
+            // This is intended to provide a debounce so very fast scrolls (from one end to the other of the carousel)
+            // don't cause huge overheads.
+            //
+            // We increase the delay based on distance from centre, so the beatmaps the user is currently looking at load first.
+            float timeUpdatingBeforeLoad = 50 + Math.Abs(containingSsdq.Centre.Y - ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre.Y) / containingSsdq.Height * 100;
+
+            Debug.Assert(Item != null);
+
+            // A load is already in progress if the cancellation token is non-null.
+            if (loadCancellation != null)
+                return;
+
+            timeSinceUnpool += Time.Elapsed;
+
+            // We only trigger a load after this set has been in an updating state for a set amount of time.
+            if (timeSinceUnpool <= timeUpdatingBeforeLoad)
+                return;
+
+            loadCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+            LoadComponentsAsync(new CompositeDrawable[]
+            {
+                // Choice of background image matches BSS implementation (always uses the lowest `beatmap_id` from the set).
+                new SetPanelBackground(manager.GetWorkingBeatmap(beatmapSet.Beatmaps.MinBy(b => b.OnlineID)))
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                },
+                new SetPanelContent((CarouselBeatmapSet)Item)
+                {
+                    Depth = float.MinValue,
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                }
+            }, drawables =>
+            {
+                Header.AddRange(drawables);
+                drawables.ForEach(d => d.FadeInFromZero(150));
+            }, loadCancellation.Token);
+        }
+
         private void updateBeatmapYPositions()
         {
             if (beatmapContainer == null)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
index 9a84f9a0aa..69782c25bb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
 {
@@ -87,12 +88,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
         private void updateMultiplierText() => Schedule(() =>
         {
             double multiplier = Current.Value?.Aggregate(1.0, (current, mod) => current * mod.ScoreMultiplier) ?? 1;
+            MultiplierText.Text = multiplier == 1 ? string.Empty : ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(multiplier);
 
-            MultiplierText.Text = multiplier.Equals(1.0) ? string.Empty : $"{multiplier:N2}x";
-
-            if (multiplier > 1.0)
+            if (multiplier > 1)
                 MultiplierText.FadeColour(highMultiplierColour, 200);
-            else if (multiplier < 1.0)
+            else if (multiplier < 1)
                 MultiplierText.FadeColour(lowMultiplierColour, 200);
             else
                 MultiplierText.FadeColour(Color4.White, 200);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
index 2d5c44e5a5..bf1724995a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
@@ -660,7 +660,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
 
             logo.Action = () =>
             {
-                FinaliseSelection();
+                if (this.IsCurrentScreen())
+                    FinaliseSelection();
                 return false;
             };
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyHealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyHealthDisplay.cs
index 845fc77394..9c06cbbfb5 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyHealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyHealthDisplay.cs
@@ -79,7 +79,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
             marker.Position = fill.Position + new Vector2(fill.DrawWidth, isNewStyle ? fill.DrawHeight / 2 : 0);
         }
 
-        protected override void Flash() => marker.Flash();
+        protected override void HealthChanged(bool increase)
+        {
+            if (increase)
+                marker.Bulge();
+            base.HealthChanged(increase);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Flash() => marker.Flash(Current.Value >= epic_cutoff);
 
         private static Texture getTexture(ISkin skin, string name) => skin?.GetTexture($"scorebar-{name}");
 
@@ -113,19 +120,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
             };
 
-            protected override void LoadComplete()
+            protected override void Update()
             {
-                base.LoadComplete();
+                base.Update();
 
-                Current.BindValueChanged(hp =>
-                {
-                    if (hp.NewValue < 0.2f)
-                        Main.Texture = superDangerTexture;
-                    else if (hp.NewValue < epic_cutoff)
-                        Main.Texture = dangerTexture;
-                    else
-                        Main.Texture = normalTexture;
-                });
+                if (Current.Value < 0.2f)
+                    Main.Texture = superDangerTexture;
+                else if (Current.Value < epic_cutoff)
+                    Main.Texture = dangerTexture;
+                else
+                    Main.Texture = normalTexture;
             }
         }
 
@@ -226,37 +230,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
 
             public abstract Sprite CreateSprite();
 
-            protected override void LoadComplete()
+            public override void Flash(bool isEpic)
             {
-                base.LoadComplete();
-
-                Current.BindValueChanged(val =>
-                {
-                    if (val.NewValue > val.OldValue)
-                        bulgeMain();
-                });
-            }
-
-            public override void Flash()
-            {
-                bulgeMain();
-
-                bool isEpic = Current.Value >= epic_cutoff;
-
+                Bulge();
                 explode.Blending = isEpic ? BlendingParameters.Additive : BlendingParameters.Inherit;
                 explode.ScaleTo(1).Then().ScaleTo(isEpic ? 2 : 1.6f, 120);
                 explode.FadeOutFromOne(120);
             }
 
-            private void bulgeMain() =>
+            public override void Bulge()
+            {
+                base.Bulge();
                 Main.ScaleTo(1.4f).Then().ScaleTo(1, 200, Easing.Out);
+            }
         }
 
         public partial class LegacyHealthPiece : CompositeDrawable
         {
             public Bindable<double> Current { get; } = new Bindable<double>();
 
-            public virtual void Flash()
+            public virtual void Bulge()
+            {
+            }
+
+            public virtual void Flash(bool isEpic)
             {
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyManiaSkinDecoder.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyManiaSkinDecoder.cs
index b472afb74f..ff6e7fc38e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyManiaSkinDecoder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyManiaSkinDecoder.cs
@@ -155,7 +155,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
                 if (i >= output.Length)
                     break;
 
-                output[i] = float.Parse(values[i], CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) * (applyScaleFactor ? LegacyManiaSkinConfiguration.POSITION_SCALE_FACTOR : 1);
+                if (!float.TryParse(values[i], NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out float parsedValue))
+                    // some skins may provide incorrect entries in array values. to match stable behaviour, read such entries as zero.
+                    // see: https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/26464, stable code: https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/3ea48705eb67172c430371dcfc8a16a002ed0d3d/osu!/Graphics/Skinning/Components/Section.cs#L134-L137
+                    parsedValue = 0;
+
+                if (applyScaleFactor)
+                    parsedValue *= LegacyManiaSkinConfiguration.POSITION_SCALE_FACTOR;
+
+                output[i] = parsedValue;
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
index 8aefa50252..581e7534e4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -44,10 +45,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
-            base.Font = new FontUsage(skin.GetFontPrefix(font), 1, fixedWidth: FixedWidth);
+            string fontPrefix = skin.GetFontPrefix(font);
+            base.Font = new FontUsage(fontPrefix, 1, fixedWidth: FixedWidth);
             Spacing = new Vector2(-skin.GetFontOverlap(font), 0);
 
-            glyphStore = new LegacyGlyphStore(skin, MaxSizePerGlyph);
+            glyphStore = new LegacyGlyphStore(fontPrefix, skin, MaxSizePerGlyph);
         }
 
         protected override TextBuilder CreateTextBuilder(ITexturedGlyphLookupStore store) => base.CreateTextBuilder(glyphStore);
@@ -57,25 +59,42 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
             private readonly ISkin skin;
             private readonly Vector2? maxSize;
 
-            public LegacyGlyphStore(ISkin skin, Vector2? maxSize)
+            private readonly string fontName;
+
+            private readonly Dictionary<char, ITexturedCharacterGlyph?> cache = new Dictionary<char, ITexturedCharacterGlyph?>();
+
+            public LegacyGlyphStore(string fontName, ISkin skin, Vector2? maxSize)
             {
+                this.fontName = fontName;
                 this.skin = skin;
                 this.maxSize = maxSize;
             }
 
             public ITexturedCharacterGlyph? Get(string? fontName, char character)
             {
+                // We only service one font.
+                if (fontName != this.fontName)
+                    return null;
+
+                if (cache.TryGetValue(character, out var cached))
+                    return cached;
+
                 string lookup = getLookupName(character);
 
                 var texture = skin.GetTexture($"{fontName}-{lookup}");
 
-                if (texture == null)
-                    return null;
+                TexturedCharacterGlyph? glyph = null;
 
-                if (maxSize != null)
-                    texture = texture.WithMaximumSize(maxSize.Value);
+                if (texture != null)
+                {
+                    if (maxSize != null)
+                        texture = texture.WithMaximumSize(maxSize.Value);
 
-                return new TexturedCharacterGlyph(new CharacterGlyph(character, 0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height, null), texture, 1f / texture.ScaleAdjust);
+                    glyph = new TexturedCharacterGlyph(new CharacterGlyph(character, 0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height, null), texture, 1f / texture.ScaleAdjust);
+                }
+
+                cache[character] = glyph;
+                return glyph;
             }
 
             private static string getLookupName(char character)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/SkinnableSound.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/SkinnableSound.cs
index f866a4f8ec..f153f4f8d3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/SkinnableSound.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/SkinnableSound.cs
@@ -194,9 +194,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether any samples are currently playing.
         /// </summary>
-        public bool IsPlaying => samplesContainer.Any(s => s.Playing);
+        public bool IsPlaying
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (PoolableSkinnableSample s in samplesContainer)
+                {
+                    if (s.Playing)
+                        return true;
+                }
 
-        public bool IsPlayed => samplesContainer.Any(s => s.Played);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsPlayed
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (PoolableSkinnableSample s in samplesContainer)
+                {
+                    if (s.Played)
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
 
         public IBindable<double> AggregateVolume => samplesContainer.AggregateVolume;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Beatmaps/HitObjectSampleTest.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Beatmaps/HitObjectSampleTest.cs
index bb4e06654a..1f491be7e3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Beatmaps/HitObjectSampleTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Beatmaps/HitObjectSampleTest.cs
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps
         public AudioManager AudioManager => Audio;
         public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => userSkinResourceStore;
         public new IResourceStore<byte[]> Resources => base.Resources;
-        public IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => null;
-        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null;
+        public IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => null!;
+        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null!;
 
         #endregion
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
index 94be4a375d..947305439e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
 
         [SetUpSteps]
         public virtual void SetUpSteps()
+        {
+            CreateNewGame();
+            ConfirmAtMainMenu();
+        }
+
+        protected void CreateNewGame()
         {
             AddStep("Create new game instance", () =>
             {
@@ -71,8 +77,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
 
             AddUntilStep("Wait for load", () => Game.IsLoaded);
             AddUntilStep("Wait for intro", () => Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen is IntroScreen);
-
-            ConfirmAtMainMenu();
         }
 
         [TearDownSteps]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs b/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
index 1bd60fcdde..252579a186 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -226,5 +228,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Utils
 
             return proposedWereValid;
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Given a value of a score multiplier, returns a string version with special handling for a value near 1.00x.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="scoreMultiplier">The value of the score multiplier.</param>
+        /// <returns>A formatted score multiplier with a trailing "x" symbol</returns>
+        public static LocalisableString FormatScoreMultiplier(double scoreMultiplier)
+        {
+            // Round multiplier values away from 1.00x to two significant digits.
+            if (scoreMultiplier > 1)
+                scoreMultiplier = Math.Ceiling(Math.Round(scoreMultiplier * 100, 12)) / 100;
+            else
+                scoreMultiplier = Math.Floor(Math.Round(scoreMultiplier * 100, 12)) / 100;
+
+            return scoreMultiplier.ToLocalisableString("0.00x");
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj b/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
index c7e0cc3808..07a638f04a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
     </PackageReference>
     <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="11.5.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework" Version="2023.1227.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework" Version="2024.114.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2023.1228.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Sentry" Version="3.40.0" />
     <!-- Held back due to 0.34.0 failing AOT compilation on ZstdSharp.dll dependency. -->
diff --git a/osu.iOS.props b/osu.iOS.props
index 7e03ab50e2..98e8b136e5 100644
--- a/osu.iOS.props
+++ b/osu.iOS.props
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@
     <RuntimeIdentifier>iossimulator-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.iOS" Version="2023.1227.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.iOS" Version="2024.114.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>