merged upstream

2024-12-14 12:23:22 +08:00 · 2022-01-04 09:34:02 +01:00 · 2022-01-04 09:34:02 +01:00 · 168a105ed8
commit 168a105ed8
parent 4cd5eb783a 39650ce7e9
3902 changed files with 248084 additions and 51541 deletions
--- a/.config/dotnet-tools.json
+++ b/.config/dotnet-tools.json
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "isRoot": true,
+  "tools": {
+    "dotnet-format": {
+      "version": "3.1.37601",
+      "commands": [
+        "dotnet-format"
+      ]
+    },
+    "jetbrains.resharper.globaltools": {
+      "version": "2020.3.2",
+      "commands": [
+        "jb"
+      ]
+    },
+    "nvika": {
+      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "commands": [
+        "nvika"
+      ]
+    },
+    "codefilesanity": {
+      "version": "0.0.36",
+      "commands": [
+        "CodeFileSanity"
+      ]
+    },
+    "ppy.localisationanalyser.tools": {
+      "version": "2021.1210.0",
+      "commands": [
+        "localisation"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@ -10,18 +10,185 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = true

 #Roslyn naming styles

-#PascalCase for public and protected members
-dotnet_naming_style.pascalcase.capitalization = pascal_case
-dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal
-dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event,delegate
-dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.severity = suggestion
-dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.symbols = public_members
-dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.style = pascalcase
-
 #camelCase for private members
 dotnet_naming_style.camelcase.capitalization = camel_case
+
 dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_accessibilities = private
-dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event,delegate
-dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.severity = warning
 dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.symbols = private_members
-dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.style = camelcase
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_function.applicable_kinds = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.symbols = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+#all_lower for private and local constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.capitalization = all_lower
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.symbols = private_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.symbols = private_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.applicable_kinds = local
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.symbols = local_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+#ALL_UPPER for non private constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.capitalization = all_upper
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.symbols = public_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.symbols = public_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+#Roslyn formating options
+
+#Formatting - indentation options
+csharp_indent_case_contents = true
+csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = false
+csharp_indent_labels = one_less_than_current
+csharp_indent_switch_labels = true
+
+#Formatting - new line options
+csharp_new_line_before_catch = true
+csharp_new_line_before_else = true
+csharp_new_line_before_finally = true
+csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true # Currently no effect in VS/dotnet format (16.4), and makes Rider confusing
+csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true
+
+#Formatting - organize using options
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+
+#Formatting - spacing options
+csharp_space_after_cast = false
+csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true
+csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+
+#Formatting - wrapping options
+csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true
+csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = true
+
+#Roslyn language styles
+
+#Style - this. qualification
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:warning
+
+#Style - type names
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:warning
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:warning
+csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true:none
+csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = false:warning
+csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true:silent
+
+#Style - modifiers
+dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers = for_non_interface_members:warning
+csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,new,abstract,virtual,sealed,override,static,readonly,extern,unsafe,volatile,async:warning
+
+#Style - parentheses
+# Skipped because roslyn cannot separate +-*/ with << >>
+
+#Style - expression bodies
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = false:none
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = false:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions = true:silent
+
+#Style - expression preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_compound_assignment = true:warning
+
+#Style - null/type checks
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:warning
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_throw_expression = true:silent
+csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:warning
+
+#Style - unused
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:silent
+dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters = non_public:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_expression_statement_preference = discard_variable:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_assignment_preference = discard_variable:warning
+
+#Style - variable declaration
+csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:warning
+csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration = false:silent
+
+#Style - other C# 7.x features
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:silent
+
+#Style - C# 8 features
+csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement = true:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_index_operator = false:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_range_operator = false:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression = false:none
+
+#Supressing roslyn built-in analyzers
+# Suppress: EC112
+
+#Private method is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0051.severity = silent
+#Private member is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0052.severity = silent
+
+#Rules for disposable
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0067.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0068.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0069.severity = none
+
+#Disable operator overloads requiring alternate named methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2225.severity = none
+
+# Banned APIs
+dotnet_diagnostic.RS0030.severity = error
+
+dotnet_diagnostic.OLOC001.license_header = // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.\n// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
--- a/.github/FUNDING.yml
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@ -1 +1,2 @@
+github: ppy
 custom: https://osu.ppy.sh/home/support
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issues.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issues.md
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Bug Report
-about: Issues regarding encountered bugs.
---
-**Describe the bug:** 
-
-**Screenshots or videos showing encountered issue:** 
-
-**osu!lazer version:** 
-
-**Logs:** 
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+    - name: Help
+      url: https://github.com/ppy/osu/discussions/categories/q-a
+      about: osu! not working as you'd expect? Not sure it's a bug? Check the Q&A section!
+    - name: Suggestions or feature request
+      url: https://github.com/ppy/osu/discussions/categories/ideas
+      about: Got something you think should change or be added? Search for or start a new discussion!
+    - name: osu!stable issues
+      url: https://github.com/ppy/osu-stable-issues
+      about: For osu!(stable) - ie. the current "live" game version, check out the dedicated repository. Note that this is for serious bug reports only, not tech support.
+
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash-issues.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash-issues.md
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Crash Report
-about: Issues regarding crashes or permanent freezes.
---
-**Describe the crash:** 
-
-**Screenshots or videos showing encountered issue:** 
-
-**osu!lazer version:** 
-
-**Logs:** 
-
-**Computer Specifications:** 
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request-issues.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request-issues.md
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Feature Request
-about: Features you would like to see in the game!
---
-**Describe the new feature:** 
-
-**Proposal designs of the feature:** 
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing-for-live-issues.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing-for-live-issues.md
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Missing for Live
-about: Features which are available in osu!stable but not yet in osu!lazer.
---
-**Describe the missing feature:** 
-
-**Proposal designs of the feature:** 
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+- package-ecosystem: nuget
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: monthly
+    time: "17:00"
+  open-pull-requests-limit: 0 # disabled until https://github.com/dependabot/dependabot-core/issues/369 is resolved.
+  ignore:
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design
+    versions:
+    - "> 2.2.6"
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite
+    versions:
+    - "> 2.2.6"
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite.Core
+    versions:
+    - "> 2.2.6"
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
+    versions:
+    - ">= 5.a, < 6"
+  - dependency-name: NUnit3TestAdapter
+    versions:
+    - ">= 3.16.a, < 3.17"
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk
+    versions:
+    - 16.9.1
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
+    versions:
+    - 3.1.11
+    - 3.1.12
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.NewtonsoftJson
+    versions:
+    - 3.1.11
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.NETCore.Targets
+    versions:
+    - 5.0.0
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.MessagePack
+    versions:
+    - 5.0.2
+  - dependency-name: NUnit
+    versions:
+    - 3.13.1
+  - dependency-name: Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client
+    versions:
+    - 3.1.11
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+on: [push, pull_request]
+name: Continuous Integration
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Test
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os.fullname}}
+    env:
+      OSU_EXECUTION_MODE: ${{matrix.threadingMode}}
+    strategy:
+       fail-fast: false
+       matrix:
+          os:
+            - { prettyname: Windows, fullname: windows-latest }
+            - { prettyname: macOS, fullname: macos-latest }
+            - { prettyname: Linux, fullname: ubuntu-latest }
+          threadingMode: ['SingleThread', 'MultiThreaded']
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install .NET 5.0.x
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "5.0.x"
+
+      # FIXME: libavformat is not included in Ubuntu. Let's fix that.
+      # https://github.com/ppy/osu-framework/issues/4349
+      # Remove this once https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/3306 has been resolved.
+      - name: Install libavformat-dev
+        if: ${{matrix.os.fullname == 'ubuntu-latest'}}
+        run: |
+         sudo apt-get update && \
+         sudo apt-get -y install libavformat-dev
+
+      - name: Compile
+        run: dotnet build -c Debug -warnaserror osu.Desktop.slnf
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: dotnet test $pwd/*.Tests/bin/Debug/*/*.Tests.dll --logger "trx;LogFileName=TestResults-${{matrix.os.prettyname}}-${{matrix.threadingMode}}.trx"
+        shell: pwsh
+
+      # Attempt to upload results even if test fails.
+      # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/context-and-expression-syntax-for-github-actions#always
+      - name: Upload Test Results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        with:
+          name: osu-test-results-${{matrix.os.prettyname}}-${{matrix.threadingMode}}
+          path: ${{github.workspace}}/TestResults/TestResults-${{matrix.os.prettyname}}-${{matrix.threadingMode}}.trx
+
+  build-only-android:
+    name: Build only (Android)
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      # Pin Xamarin.Android version to 11.2 for now to avoid build failures caused by a Xamarin-side regression.
+      # See: https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-android/issues/6284
+      # This can be removed/reverted when the fix makes it to upstream and is deployed on github runners.
+      - name: Set default Xamarin SDK version
+        run: |
+            $VM_ASSETS/select-xamarin-sdk-v2.sh --mono=6.12 --android=11.2
+
+      - name: Install .NET 5.0.x
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "5.0.x"
+
+      # Contrary to seemingly any other msbuild, msbuild running on macOS/Mono
+      # cannot accept .sln(f) files as arguments.
+      # Build just the main game for now.
+      - name: Build
+        run: msbuild osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj /restore /p:Configuration=Debug
+
+  build-only-ios:
+    name: Build only (iOS)
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install .NET 5.0.x
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "5.0.x"
+
+      # Contrary to seemingly any other msbuild, msbuild running on macOS/Mono
+      # cannot accept .sln(f) files as arguments.
+      # Build just the main game for now.
+      - name: Build
+        run: msbuild osu.iOS/osu.iOS.csproj /restore /p:Configuration=Debug
+
+  inspect-code:
+    name: Code Quality
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      # FIXME: Tools won't run in .NET 5.0 unless you install 3.1.x LTS side by side.
+      # https://itnext.io/how-to-support-multiple-net-sdks-in-github-actions-workflows-b988daa884e
+      - name: Install .NET 3.1.x LTS
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "3.1.x"
+
+      - name: Install .NET 5.0.x
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "5.0.x"
+
+      - name: Restore Tools
+        run: dotnet tool restore
+
+      - name: Restore Packages
+        run: dotnet restore
+
+      - name: CodeFileSanity
+        run: |
+          # TODO: Add ignore filters and GitHub Workflow Command Reporting in CFS. That way we don't have to do this workaround.
+          # FIXME: Suppress warnings from templates project
+          exit_code=0
+          while read -r line; do
+            if [[ ! -z "$line" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::$line"
+              exit_code=1
+            fi
+          done <<< $(dotnet codefilesanity)
+          exit $exit_code
+
+      # Temporarily disabled due to test failures, but it won't work anyway until the tool is upgraded.
+      # - name: .NET Format (Dry Run)
+      #   run: dotnet format --dry-run --check
+
+      - name: InspectCode
+        run: dotnet jb inspectcode $(pwd)/osu.Desktop.slnf --output=$(pwd)/inspectcodereport.xml --cachesDir=$(pwd)/inspectcode --verbosity=WARN
+
+      - name: NVika
+        run: dotnet nvika parsereport "${{github.workspace}}/inspectcodereport.xml" --treatwarningsaserrors
--- a/.github/workflows/diffcalc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/diffcalc.yml
@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# Listens for new PR comments containing !pp check [id], and runs a diffcalc comparison against master.
+# Usage:
+#   !pp check 0        | Runs only the osu! ruleset.
+#   !pp check 0 2      | Runs only the osu! and catch rulesets.
+#
+
+name: Difficulty Calculation
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [ created ]
+
+env:
+  CONCURRENCY: 4
+  ALLOW_DOWNLOAD: 1
+  SAVE_DOWNLOADED: 1
+  SKIP_INSERT_ATTRIBUTES: 1
+
+jobs:
+  metadata:
+    name: Check for requests
+    runs-on: self-hosted
+    if: github.event.issue.pull_request && contains(github.event.comment.body, '!pp check') && (github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER' || github.event.comment.author_association == 'OWNER')
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.generate-matrix.outputs.matrix }}
+      continue: ${{ steps.generate-matrix.outputs.continue }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Construct build matrix
+        id: generate-matrix
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ github.event.comment.body }}" =~ "osu" ]] ; then
+            MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON+='{ "name": "osu", "id": 0 },'
+          fi
+          if [[ "${{ github.event.comment.body }}" =~ "taiko" ]] ; then
+            MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON+='{ "name": "taiko", "id": 1 },'
+          fi
+          if [[ "${{ github.event.comment.body }}" =~ "catch" ]] ; then
+            MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON+='{ "name": "catch", "id": 2 },'
+          fi
+          if [[ "${{ github.event.comment.body }}" =~ "mania" ]] ; then
+            MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON+='{ "name": "mania", "id": 3 },'
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "${MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON}" != "" ]]; then
+            MATRIX_JSON="{ \"ruleset\": [ ${MATRIX_PROJECTS_JSON} ] }"
+            echo "${MATRIX_JSON}"
+            CONTINUE="yes"
+          else
+            CONTINUE="no"
+          fi
+
+          echo "::set-output name=continue::${CONTINUE}"
+          echo "::set-output name=matrix::${MATRIX_JSON}"
+  diffcalc:
+    name: Run
+    runs-on: self-hosted
+    timeout-minutes: 1440
+    if: needs.metadata.outputs.continue == 'yes'
+    needs: metadata
+    strategy:
+      matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.metadata.outputs.matrix) }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Verify MySQL connection from host
+        run: |
+          mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES"
+
+      - name: Drop previous databases
+        run: |
+          for db in osu_master osu_pr
+          do
+            mysql -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $db"
+          done
+
+      - name: Create directory structure
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/master/
+          mkdir -p $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/pr/
+
+      - name: Get upstream branch # https://akaimo.hatenablog.jp/entry/2020/05/16/101251
+        id: upstreambranch
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          echo "::set-output name=branchname::$(curl -H "Authorization: token ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" ${{ github.event.issue.pull_request.url }} | jq '.head.ref' | sed 's/\"//g')"
+          echo "::set-output name=repo::$(curl -H "Authorization: token ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" ${{ github.event.issue.pull_request.url }} | jq '.head.repo.full_name' | sed 's/\"//g')"
+
+      # Checkout osu
+      - name: Checkout osu (master)
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: 'master/osu'
+      - name: Checkout osu (pr)
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: 'pr/osu'
+          repository: ${{ steps.upstreambranch.outputs.repo }}
+          ref: ${{ steps.upstreambranch.outputs.branchname }}
+
+      - name: Checkout osu-difficulty-calculator (master)
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          repository: ppy/osu-difficulty-calculator
+          path: 'master/osu-difficulty-calculator'
+      - name: Checkout osu-difficulty-calculator (pr)
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          repository: ppy/osu-difficulty-calculator
+          path: 'pr/osu-difficulty-calculator'
+
+      - name: Install .NET 5.0.x
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "5.0.x"
+
+      # Sanity checks to make sure diffcalc is not run when incompatible.
+      - name: Build diffcalc (master)
+        run: |
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/master/osu-difficulty-calculator
+          ./UseLocalOsu.sh
+          dotnet build
+      - name: Build diffcalc (pr)
+        run: |
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/pr/osu-difficulty-calculator
+          ./UseLocalOsu.sh
+          dotnet build
+
+      - name: Download + import data
+        run: |
+          PERFORMANCE_DATA_NAME=$(curl https://data.ppy.sh/ | grep performance_${{ matrix.ruleset.name }}_top_1000 | tail -1 | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}' | sed 's/\.tar\.bz2//g')
+          BEATMAPS_DATA_NAME=$(curl https://data.ppy.sh/ | grep osu_files | tail -1 | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}' | sed 's/\.tar\.bz2//g')
+
+          # Set env variable for further steps.
+          echo "BEATMAPS_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/$BEATMAPS_DATA_NAME" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+
+          echo "Downloading database dump $PERFORMANCE_DATA_NAME.."
+          wget -q -nc https://data.ppy.sh/$PERFORMANCE_DATA_NAME.tar.bz2
+          echo "Extracting.."
+          tar -xf $PERFORMANCE_DATA_NAME.tar.bz2
+
+          echo "Downloading beatmap dump $BEATMAPS_DATA_NAME.."
+          wget -q -nc https://data.ppy.sh/$BEATMAPS_DATA_NAME.tar.bz2
+          echo "Extracting.."
+          tar -xf $BEATMAPS_DATA_NAME.tar.bz2
+
+          cd $PERFORMANCE_DATA_NAME
+
+          for db in osu_master osu_pr
+          do
+            echo "Setting up database $db.."
+
+            mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE $db"
+
+            echo "Importing beatmaps.."
+            cat osu_beatmaps.sql | mysql $db
+            echo "Importing beatmapsets.."
+            cat osu_beatmapsets.sql | mysql $db
+
+            echo "Creating table structure.."
+            mysql $db -e 'CREATE TABLE `osu_beatmap_difficulty` (
+                `beatmap_id` int unsigned NOT NULL,
+                `mode` tinyint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+                `mods` int unsigned NOT NULL,
+                `diff_unified` float NOT NULL,
+                `last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+                PRIMARY KEY (`beatmap_id`,`mode`,`mods`),
+                KEY `diff_sort` (`mode`,`mods`,`diff_unified`)
+              ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;'
+          done
+
+      - name: Run diffcalc (master)
+        env:
+          DB_NAME: osu_master
+        run: |
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/master/osu-difficulty-calculator/osu.Server.DifficultyCalculator
+          dotnet run -c:Release -- all -m ${{ matrix.ruleset.id }} -ac -c ${{ env.CONCURRENCY }}
+      - name: Run diffcalc (pr)
+        env:
+          DB_NAME: osu_pr
+        run: |
+          cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/pr/osu-difficulty-calculator/osu.Server.DifficultyCalculator
+          dotnet run -c:Release -- all -m ${{ matrix.ruleset.id }} -ac -c ${{ env.CONCURRENCY }}
+
+      - name: Print diffs
+        run: |
+          mysql -e "
+            SELECT
+              m.beatmap_id,
+              m.mods,
+              b.filename,
+              m.diff_unified as 'sr_master',
+              p.diff_unified as 'sr_pr',
+              (p.diff_unified - m.diff_unified) as 'diff'
+            FROM osu_master.osu_beatmap_difficulty m
+            JOIN osu_pr.osu_beatmap_difficulty p
+              ON m.beatmap_id = p.beatmap_id
+              AND m.mode = p.mode
+              AND m.mods = p.mods
+            JOIN osu_pr.osu_beatmaps b
+              ON b.beatmap_id = p.beatmap_id
+            WHERE abs(m.diff_unified - p.diff_unified) > 0.1
+            ORDER BY abs(m.diff_unified - p.diff_unified)
+              DESC
+            LIMIT 10000;"
+
+      # Todo: Run ppcalc
--- a/.github/workflows/report-nunit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-nunit.yml
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# This is a workaround to allow PRs to report their coverage. This will run inside the base repository.
+# See:
+#   * https://github.com/dorny/test-reporter#recommended-setup-for-public-repositories
+#   * https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/authentication-in-a-workflow#permissions-for-the-github_token
+name: Annotate CI run with test results
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Continuous Integration"]
+    types:
+      - completed
+jobs:
+  annotate:
+    name: Annotate CI run with test results
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion != 'cancelled' }}
+    strategy:
+       fail-fast: false
+       matrix:
+          os:
+            - { prettyname: Windows }
+            - { prettyname: macOS }
+            - { prettyname: Linux }
+          threadingMode: ['SingleThread', 'MultiThreaded']
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    steps:
+      - name: Annotate CI run with test results
+        uses: dorny/test-reporter@v1.4.2
+        with:
+          artifact: osu-test-results-${{matrix.os.prettyname}}-${{matrix.threadingMode}}
+          name: Test Results (${{matrix.os.prettyname}}, ${{matrix.threadingMode}})
+          path: "*.trx"
+          reporter: dotnet-trx
+          list-suites: 'failed'
+          list-tests: 'failed'
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -10,14 +10,8 @@
 # User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
 *.userprefs

-### Cake ###
-tools/**
-build/tools/**
-
-fastlane/report.xml
-
 # Build results
-bin/[Dd]ebug/
+[Dd]ebug/
 [Dd]ebugPublic/
 [Rr]elease/
 [Rr]eleases/
@ -104,7 +98,6 @@ $tf/
 _ReSharper*/
 *.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
 *.DotSettings.user
-inspectcode

 # JustCode is a .NET coding add-in
 .JustCode
@ -254,20 +247,95 @@ paket-files/
 # FAKE - F# Make
 .fake/

-# JetBrains Rider
-.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/*.xml
-.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/codeStyles/*.xml
-.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/dataSources/*.xml
-.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/dictionaries/*.xml
-.idea/.idea.osu/*.iml
-*.sln.iml
-
-# CodeRush
-.cr/
-
 # Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
 __pycache__/
 *.pyc
-Staging/

+# Cake #
+/tools/**
+/build/tools/**
+/build/temp/**
+
+# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio and WebStorm
+# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
+
+# User-specific stuff
+.idea/**/workspace.xml
+.idea/**/tasks.xml
+.idea/**/usage.statistics.xml
+.idea/**/dictionaries
+.idea/**/shelf
+
+# Generated files
+.idea/**/contentModel.xml
+
+# Sensitive or high-churn files
+.idea/**/dataSources/
+.idea/**/dataSources.ids
+.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
+.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
+.idea/**/dynamic.xml
+.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
+.idea/**/dbnavigator.xml
+
+# Gradle
+.idea/**/gradle.xml
+.idea/**/libraries
+
+# Gradle and Maven with auto-import
+# When using Gradle or Maven with auto-import, you should exclude module files,
+# since they will be recreated, and may cause churn.  Uncomment if using
+# auto-import.
+.idea/modules.xml
+.idea/*.iml
+.idea/modules
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build-*/
+
+# Mongo Explorer plugin
+.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml
+
+# File-based project format
+*.iws
+
+# IntelliJ
+out/
+
+# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
+.idea_modules/
+
+# JIRA plugin
+atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
+
+# Cursive Clojure plugin
+.idea/replstate.xml
+
+# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
+com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
+crashlytics.properties
+crashlytics-build.properties
+fabric.properties
+
+# Editor-based Rest Client
+.idea/httpRequests
+
+# Android studio 3.1+ serialized cache file
+.idea/caches/build_file_checksums.ser
+
+# fastlane
+fastlane/report.xml
+
+# inspectcode
 inspectcodereport.xml
+inspectcode
+
+# BenchmarkDotNet
+/BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts
+
+*.GeneratedMSBuildEditorConfig.editorconfig
+
+# Fody (pulled in by Realm) - schema file
+FodyWeavers.xsd
--- a/.idea/.gitignore
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/.name
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/.name
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+osu.Desktop
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
+  <state>
+    <option name="PREFERRED_PROJECT_CODE_STYLE" value="Default" />
+  </state>
+</component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/encodings.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/encodings.xml
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Encoding" addBOMForNewFiles="with NO BOM" />
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/indexLayout.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/indexLayout.xml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="UserContentModel">
+    <attachedFolders />
+    <explicitIncludes />
+    <explicitExcludes />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/misc.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="com.jetbrains.rider.android.RiderAndroidMiscFileCreationComponent">
+    <option name="ENSURE_MISC_FILE_EXISTS" value="true" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="RiderProjectSettingsUpdater">
+    <option name="vcsConfiguration" value="2" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Benchmarks" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
+    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
+    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
+    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
+    <option name="RUNTIME_ARGUMENTS" value="" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_EXE_PATH_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Build" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="CatchRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="CatchRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="ManiaRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="ManiaRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="OsuRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="OsuRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="TaikoRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="TaikoRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="Tournament" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="Tournament" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu!.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--tournament" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="Tournament (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.1/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="Tournament (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="osu!" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="osu!" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu!.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="osu! (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Tests.dll" />
+  <configuration default="false" name="osu! (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll" />
    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value=".NETCoreApp,Version=v2.2" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
    <method v="2">
-      <option name="Build" enabled="true" />
+      <option name="Build" />
    </method>
  </configuration>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/vcs.xml
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="CommitMessageInspectionProfile">
+    <profile version="1.0">
+      <inspection_tool class="SubjectBodySeparation" enabled="true" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="true" />
+    </profile>
+  </component>
+  <component name="GitSharedSettings">
+    <option name="FORCE_PUSH_PROHIBITED_PATTERNS">
+      <list />
+    </option>
+  </component>
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/.name
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/.name
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+osu.iOS
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/indexLayout.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/indexLayout.xml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="UserContentModel">
+    <attachedFolders />
+    <explicitIncludes />
+    <explicitExcludes />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/misc.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="com.jetbrains.rider.android.RiderAndroidMiscFileCreationComponent">
+    <option name="ENSURE_MISC_FILE_EXISTS" value="true" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="RiderProjectSettingsUpdater">
+    <option name="vcsConfiguration" value="2" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.iOS/.idea/vcs.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/indexLayout.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/indexLayout.xml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="UserContentModel">
+    <attachedFolders />
+    <explicitIncludes />
+    <explicitExcludes />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/modules.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/modules.xml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/.idea.osu/riderModule.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/.idea.osu/riderModule.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="RiderProjectSettingsUpdater">
+    <option name="vcsConfiguration" value="1" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu/.idea/vcs.xml
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
--- a/test.run.xml
+++ b/test.run.xml
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Dual client test" type="CompoundRunConfigurationType">
+    <toRun name="osu!" type="DotNetProject" />
+    <toRun name="osu! (Second Client)" type="DotNetProject" />
+    <method v="2" />
+  </configuration>
+</component>
--- a/Client).run.xml
+++ b/Client).run.xml
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="osu! (Second Client)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu!.dll" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--debug-client-id=1" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0" />
+    <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
+    <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
+    <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
+    <option name="RUNTIME_ARGUMENTS" value="" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_EXE_PATH_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net5.0" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Build" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
 {
    "version": "0.2.0",
-    "configurations": [{
+    "configurations": [
+        {
            "name": "osu! (Debug)",
            "type": "coreclr",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu!.dll"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Debug)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -23,15 +19,10 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net5.0/osu!.dll"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Release)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -40,31 +31,22 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build tests (Debug)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
-        }, {
+        },
+        {
            "name": "osu! (Tests, Release)",
            "type": "coreclr",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Release/net5.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build tests (Release)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -73,16 +55,11 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu!.dll",
                "--tournament"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Debug)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -91,16 +68,11 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2/osu!.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net5.0/osu!.dll",
                "--tournament"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Release)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -109,16 +81,11 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
                "--tournament"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build tournament tests (Debug)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
@ -127,31 +94,25 @@
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
                "--tournament"
            ],
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build tournament tests (Release)",
-            "linux": {
-                "env": {
-                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2:${env:LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
-                }
-            },
            "console": "internalConsole"
        },
        {
-            "name": "Cake: Debug Script",
+            "name": "Benchmark",
            "type": "coreclr",
            "request": "launch",
-            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/build/tools/Cake.CoreCLR/0.30.0/Cake.dll",
+            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Release/net5.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll",
            "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/build/build.cake",
-                "--debug",
-                "--verbosity=diagnostic"
+                "--filter",
+                "*"
            ],
-            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/build",
-            "stopAtEntry": true,
-            "externalConsole": false
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build benchmarks",
+            "console": "internalConsole"
        }
    ]
-}
+}
--- a/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/.vscode/tasks.json
@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
-    "tasks": [{
+    "tasks": [
+        {
            "label": "Build osu! (Debug)",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
                "osu.Desktop",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
@ -23,12 +23,11 @@
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
                "osu.Desktop",
-                "/p:Configuration=Release",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
@ -39,11 +38,10 @@
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
                "osu.Game.Tests",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
@ -54,12 +52,11 @@
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
                "osu.Game.Tests",
-                "/p:Configuration=Release",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
@ -70,39 +67,43 @@
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
                "osu.Game.Tournament.Tests",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
-            ],
-            "group": "build",
-            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
-        }, {
-            "label": "Build tournament tests (Release)",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "dotnet",
-            "args": [
-                "build",
-                "--no-restore",
-                "osu.Game.Tournament.Tests",
-                "/p:Configuration=Release",
-                "/p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
-                "/m",
-                "/verbosity:m"
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        },
        {
-            "label": "Restore (netcoreapp2.2)",
+            "label": "Build tournament tests (Release)",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "dotnet",
            "args": [
-                "restore",
-                "osu.sln"
+                "build",
+                "osu.Game.Tournament.Tests",
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
            ],
-            "problemMatcher": []
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Build benchmarks",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "build",
+                "osu.Game.Benchmarks",
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        }
    ]
 }
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Contributing Guidelines
+
+Thank you for showing interest in the development of osu!. We aim to provide a good collaborating environment for everyone involved, and as such have decided to list some of the most important things to keep in mind in the process. The guidelines below have been chosen based on past experience.
+
+These are not "official rules" *per se*, but following them will help everyone deal with things in the most efficient manner.
+
+## Table of contents
+
+1. [I would like to submit an issue!](#i-would-like-to-submit-an-issue)
+2. [I would like to submit a pull request!](#i-would-like-to-submit-a-pull-request)
+
+## I would like to submit an issue!
+
+Issues, bug reports and feature suggestions are welcomed, though please keep in mind that at any point in time, hundreds of issues are open, which vary in severity and the amount of time needed to address them. As such it's not uncommon for issues to remain unresolved for a long time or even closed outright if they are deemed not important enough to fix in the foreseeable future. Issues that are required to "go live" or otherwise achieve parity with stable are prioritised the most.
+
+* **Before submitting an issue, try searching existing issues first.**
+
+  For housekeeping purposes, we close issues that overlap with or duplicate other pre-existing issues - you can help us not to have to do that by searching existing issues yourself first. The issue search box, as well as the issue tag system, are tools you can use to check if an issue has been reported before.
+
+* **When submitting a bug report, please try to include as much detail as possible.**
+
+  Bugs are not equal - some of them will be reproducible every time on pretty much all hardware, while others will be hard to track down due to being specific to particular hardware or even somewhat random in nature. As such, providing as much detail as possible when reporting a bug is hugely appreciated. A good starting set of information consists of:
+
+  * the in-game logs, which are located at:
+    * `%AppData%/osu/logs` (on Windows),
+    * `~/.local/share/osu/logs` (on Linux and macOS),
+    * `Android/data/sh.ppy.osulazer/files/logs` (on Android),
+    * on iOS they can be obtained by connecting your device to your desktop and [copying the `logs` directory from the app's own document storage using iTunes](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201301#copy-to-computer),
+  * your system specifications (including the operating system and platform you are playing on),
+  * a reproduction scenario (list of steps you have performed leading up to the occurrence of the bug),
+  * a video or picture of the bug, if at all possible.
+
+* **Provide more information when asked to do so.**
+
+  Sometimes when a bug is more elusive or complicated, none of the information listed above will pinpoint a concrete cause of the problem. In this case we will most likely ask you for additional info, such as a Windows Event Log dump or a copy of your local osu! database (`client.db`). Providing that information is beneficial to both parties - we can track down the problem better, and hopefully fix it for you at some point once we know where it is!
+
+* **When submitting a feature proposal, please describe it in the most understandable way you can.**
+
+  Communicating your idea for a feature can often be hard, and we would like to avoid any misunderstandings. As such, please try to explain your idea in a short, but understandable manner - it's best to avoid jargon or terms and references that could be considered obscure. A mock-up picture (doesn't have to be good!) of the feature can also go a long way in explaining.
+
+* **Refrain from posting "+1" comments.**
+
+  If an issue has already been created, saying that you also experience it without providing any additional details doesn't really help us in any way. To express support for a proposal or indicate that you are also affected by a particular bug, you can use comment reactions instead.
+
+* **Refrain from asking if an issue has been resolved yet.**
+
+  As mentioned above, the issue tracker has hundreds of issues open at any given time. Currently the game is being worked on by two members of the core team, and a handful of outside contributors who offer their free time to help out. As such, it can happen that an issue gets placed on the backburner due to being less important; generally posting a comment demanding its resolution some months or years after it is reported is not very likely to increase its priority.
+
+* **Avoid long discussions about non-development topics.**
+
+  GitHub is mostly a developer space, and as such isn't really fit for lengthened discussions about gameplay mechanics (which might not even be in any way confirmed for the final release) and similar non-technical matters. Such matters are probably best addressed at the osu! forums.
+
+## I would like to submit a pull request!
+
+We also welcome pull requests from unaffiliated contributors. The [issue tracker](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues) should provide plenty of issues that you can work on; we also mark issues that we think would be good for newcomers with the [`good-first-issue`](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Agood-first-issue) label.
+
+However, do keep in mind that the core team is committed to bringing osu!(lazer) up to par with osu!(stable) first and foremost, so depending on what your contribution concerns, it might not be merged and released right away. Our approach to managing issues and their priorities is described [in the wiki](https://github.com/ppy/osu/wiki/Project-management).
+
+Here are some key things to note before jumping in:
+
+* **Make sure you are comfortable with C\# and your development environment.**
+
+  While we are accepting of all kinds of contributions, we also have a certain quality standard we'd like to uphold and limited time to review your code. Therefore, we would like to avoid providing entry-level advice, and as such if you're not very familiar with C\# as a programming language, we'd recommend that you start off with a few personal projects to get acquainted with the language's syntax, toolchain and principles of object-oriented programming first.
+
+  In addition, please take the time to take a look at and get acquainted with the [development and testing](https://github.com/ppy/osu-framework/wiki/Development-and-Testing) procedure we have set up.
+
+* **Make sure you are familiar with git and the pull request workflow.**
+
+  [git](https://git-scm.com/) is a distributed version control system that might not be very intuitive at the beginning if you're not familiar with version control. In particular, projects using git have a particular workflow for submitting code changes, which is called the pull request workflow.
+
+  To make things run more smoothly, we recommend that you look up some online resources to familiarise yourself with the git vocabulary and commands, and practice working with forks and submitting pull requests at your own pace. A high-level overview of the process can be found in [this article by GitHub](https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests).
+
+* **Double-check designs before starting work on new functionality.**
+
+  When implementing new features, keep in mind that we already have a lot of the UI designed. If you wish to work on something with the intention of having it included in the official distribution, please open an issue for discussion and we will give you what you need from a design perspective to proceed. If you want to make *changes* to the design, we recommend you open an issue with your intentions before spending too much time to ensure no effort is wasted.
+
+* **Make sure to submit pull requests off of a topic branch.**
+
+  As described in the article linked in the previous point, topic branches help you parallelise your work and separate it from the main `master` branch, and additionally are easier for maintainers to work with. Working with multiple `master` branches across many remotes is difficult to keep track of, and it's easy to make a mistake and push to the wrong `master` branch by accident.
+
+* **Refrain from making changes through the GitHub web interface.**
+
+  Even though GitHub provides an option to edit code or replace files in the repository using the web interface, we strongly discourage using it in most scenarios. Editing files this way is inefficient and likely to introduce whitespace or file encoding changes that make it more difficult to review the code.
+
+  Code written through the web interface will also very likely be questioned outright by the reviewers, as it is likely that it has not been properly tested or that it will fail continuous integration checks. We strongly encourage using an IDE like [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/), [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) or [JetBrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/) instead.
+
+* **Add tests for your code whenever possible.**
+
+  Automated tests are an essential part of a quality and reliable codebase. They help to make the code more maintainable by ensuring it is safe to reorganise (or refactor) the code in various ways, and also prevent regressions - bugs that resurface after having been fixed at some point in the past. If it is viable, please put in the time to add tests, so that the changes you make can last for a (hopefully) very long time.
+
+* **Run tests before opening a pull request.**
+
+  Tying into the previous point, sometimes changes in one part of the codebase can result in unpredictable changes in behaviour in other pieces of the code. This is why it is best to always try to run tests before opening a PR.
+
+  Continuous integration will always run the tests for you (and us), too, but it is best not to rely on it, as there might be many builds queued at any time. Running tests on your own will help you be more certain that at the point of clicking the "Create pull request" button, your changes are as ready as can be.
+
+* **Run code style analysis before opening a pull request.**
+
+  As part of continuous integration, we also run code style analysis, which is supposed to make sure that your code is formatted the same way as all the pre-existing code in the repository. The reason we enforce a particular code style everywhere is to make sure the codebase is consistent in that regard - having one whitespace convention in one place and another one elsewhere causes disorganisation.
+
+* **Make sure that the pull request is complete before opening it.**
+
+  Whether it's fixing a bug or implementing new functionality, it's best that you make sure that the change you want to submit as a pull request is as complete as it can be before clicking the *Create pull request* button. Having to track if a pull request is ready for review or not places additional burden on reviewers.
+
+  Draft pull requests are an option, but use them sparingly and within reason. They are best suited to discuss code changes that cannot be easily described in natural language or have a potential large impact on the future direction of the project. When in doubt, don't open drafts unless a maintainer asks you to do so.
+
+* **Only push code when it's ready.**
+
+  As an extension of the above, when making changes to an already-open PR, please try to only push changes you are reasonably certain of. Pushing after every commit causes the continuous integration build queue to grow in size, slowing down work and taking up time that could be spent verifying other changes.
+
+* **Make sure to keep the *Allow edits from maintainers* check box checked.**
+
+  To speed up the merging process, collaborators and team members will sometimes want to push changes to your branch themselves, to make minor code style adjustments or to otherwise refactor the code without having to describe how they'd like the code to look like in painstaking detail. Having the *Allow edits from maintainers* check box checked lets them do that; without it they are forced to report issues back to you and wait for you to address them.
+
+* **Refrain from continually merging the master branch back to the PR.**
+
+  Unless there are merge conflicts that need resolution, there is no need to keep merging `master` back to a branch over and over again. One of the maintainers will merge `master` themselves before merging the PR itself anyway, and continual merge commits can cause CI to get overwhelmed due to queueing up too many builds.
+
+* **Refrain from force-pushing to the PR branch.**
+
+  Force-pushing should be avoided, as it can lead to accidentally overwriting a maintainer's changes or CI building wrong commits. We value all history in the project, so there is no need to squash or amend commits in most cases.
+
+  The cases in which force-pushing is warranted are very rare (such as accidentally leaking sensitive info in one of the files committed, adding unrelated files, or mis-merging a dependent PR).
+
+* **Be patient when waiting for the code to be reviewed and merged.**
+
+  As much as we'd like to review all contributions as fast as possible, our time is limited, as team members have to work on their own tasks in addition to reviewing code. As such, work needs to be prioritised, and it can unfortunately take weeks or months for your PR to be merged, depending on how important it is deemed to be.
+
+* **Don't mistake criticism of code for criticism of your person.**
+
+  As mentioned before, we are highly committed to quality when it comes to the osu! project. This means that contributions from less experienced community members can take multiple rounds of review to get to a mergeable state. We try our utmost best to never conflate a person with the code they authored, and to keep the discussion focused on the code at all times. Please consider our comments and requests a learning experience, and don't treat it as a personal attack.
+
+* **Feel free to reach out for help.**
+
+  If you're uncertain about some part of the codebase or some inner workings of the game and framework, please reach out either by leaving a comment in the relevant issue or PR thread, or by posting a message in the [development Discord server](https://discord.gg/ppy). We will try to help you as much as we can.
+
+  When it comes to which form of communication is best, GitHub generally lends better to longer-form discussions, while Discord is better for snappy call-and-response answers. Use your best discretion when deciding, and try to keep a single discussion in one place instead of moving back and forth.
--- a/CodeAnalysis/BannedSymbols.txt
+++ b/CodeAnalysis/BannedSymbols.txt
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+M:System.Object.Equals(System.Object,System.Object)~System.Boolean;Don't use object.Equals. Use IEquatable<T> or EqualityComparer<T>.Default instead.
+M:System.Object.Equals(System.Object)~System.Boolean;Don't use object.Equals. Use IEquatable<T> or EqualityComparer<T>.Default instead.
+M:System.ValueType.Equals(System.Object)~System.Boolean;Don't use object.Equals(Fallbacks to ValueType). Use IEquatable<T> or EqualityComparer<T>.Default instead.
+M:System.Nullable`1.Equals(System.Object)~System.Boolean;Use == instead.
+T:System.IComparable;Don't use non-generic IComparable. Use generic version instead.
+T:SixLabors.ImageSharp.IDeepCloneable`1;Use osu.Game.Utils.IDeepCloneable<T> instead.
+M:osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites.SpriteText.#ctor;Use OsuSpriteText.
+M:osu.Framework.Bindables.IBindableList`1.GetBoundCopy();Fails on iOS. Use manual ctor + BindTo instead. (see https://github.com/mono/mono/issues/19900)
+T:Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal.EnumerableExtensions;Don't use internal extension methods.
+T:Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal.TypeExtensions;Don't use internal extension methods.
+T:NuGet.Packaging.CollectionExtensions;Don't use internal extension methods.
+M:System.Enum.HasFlag(System.Enum);Use osu.Framework.Extensions.EnumExtensions.HasFlagFast<T>() instead.
+M:Realms.IRealmCollection`1.SubscribeForNotifications`1(Realms.NotificationCallbackDelegate{``0});Use osu.Game.Database.RealmObjectExtensions.QueryAsyncWithNotifications(IRealmCollection<T>,NotificationCallbackDelegate<T>) instead.
+M:Realms.CollectionExtensions.SubscribeForNotifications`1(System.Linq.IQueryable{``0},Realms.NotificationCallbackDelegate{``0});Use osu.Game.Database.RealmObjectExtensions.QueryAsyncWithNotifications(IQueryable<T>,NotificationCallbackDelegate<T>) instead.
+M:Realms.CollectionExtensions.SubscribeForNotifications`1(System.Collections.Generic.IList{``0},Realms.NotificationCallbackDelegate{``0});Use osu.Game.Database.RealmObjectExtensions.QueryAsyncWithNotifications(IList<T>,NotificationCallbackDelegate<T>) instead.
--- a/CodeAnalysis/osu.ruleset
+++ b/CodeAnalysis/osu.ruleset
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<RuleSet Name="osu! Rule Set" Description=" " ToolsVersion="16.0">
+  <Rules AnalyzerId="Microsoft.CodeQuality.Analyzers" RuleNamespace="Microsoft.CodeQuality.Analyzers">
+    <Rule Id="CA1016" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1028" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1031" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1034" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1036" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1040" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1044" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1051" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1054" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1056" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1062" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1063" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1067" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1707" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1710" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1714" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1716" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1717" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1720" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1721" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1724" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1801" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1806" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1812" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1814" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1815" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1819" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1822" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1823" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2007" Action="Warning" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2214" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2227" Action="None" />
+  </Rules>
+  <Rules AnalyzerId="Microsoft.CodeQuality.CSharp.Analyzers" RuleNamespace="Microsoft.CodeQuality.CSharp.Analyzers">
+    <Rule Id="CA1001" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1032" Action="None" />
+  </Rules>
+  <Rules AnalyzerId="Microsoft.NetCore.Analyzers" RuleNamespace="Microsoft.NetCore.Analyzers">
+    <Rule Id="CA1303" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1304" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1305" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1307" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1308" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1816" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA1826" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2000" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2008" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2213" Action="None" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2235" Action="None" />
+  </Rules>
+  <Rules AnalyzerId="Microsoft.NetCore.CSharp.Analyzers" RuleNamespace="Microsoft.NetCore.CSharp.Analyzers">
+    <Rule Id="CA1309" Action="Warning" />
+    <Rule Id="CA2201" Action="Warning" />
+  </Rules>
+</RuleSet>
--- a/Directory.Build.props
+++ b/Directory.Build.props
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="C#">
+    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ApplicationManifest>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="License">
+    <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)osu.licenseheader">
+      <Link>osu.licenseheader</Link>
+    </None>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="Resources">
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Resources\**\*.*" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="Code Analysis">
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers" Version="3.3.3" PrivateAssets="All" />
+    <AdditionalFiles Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)CodeAnalysis\BannedSymbols.txt" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers" Version="5.0.3" PrivateAssets="All" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Code Analysis">
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)CodeAnalysis\osu.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Documentation">
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
+    <!--
+    NU1701:
+      DeepEqual is not netstandard-compatible. This is fine since we run tests with .NET Framework anyway.
+      This is required due to https://github.com/NuGet/Home/issues/5740
+
+    CA9998:
+      Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.FxCopAnalyzers has been deprecated.
+      The entire package will be able to be removed after migrating to .NET 5,
+      as analysers are shipped as part of the .NET 5 SDK anyway.
+    -->
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);NU1701;CA9998</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Nuget">
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+    <Authors>ppy Pty Ltd</Authors>
+    <PackageLicenseExpression>MIT</PackageLicenseExpression>
+    <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</PackageProjectUrl>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</RepositoryUrl>
+    <PackageReleaseNotes>Automated release.</PackageReleaseNotes>
+    <Company>ppy Pty Ltd</Company>
+    <Copyright>Copyright (c) 2021 ppy Pty Ltd</Copyright>
+    <PackageTags>osu game</PackageTags>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/FodyWeavers.xml
+++ b/FodyWeavers.xml
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<Weavers xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="FodyWeavers.xsd">
+  <Realm DisableAnalytics="true" />
+</Weavers>
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@ -1,58 +1,75 @@
 GEM
  remote: https://rubygems.org/
  specs:
-    CFPropertyList (3.0.0)
-    addressable (2.6.0)
-      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 4.0)
+    CFPropertyList (3.0.3)
+    addressable (2.7.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
    atomos (0.1.3)
-    babosa (1.0.2)
+    aws-eventstream (1.1.0)
+    aws-partitions (1.413.0)
+    aws-sdk-core (3.110.0)
+      aws-eventstream (~> 1, >= 1.0.2)
+      aws-partitions (~> 1, >= 1.239.0)
+      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
+      jmespath (~> 1.0)
+    aws-sdk-kms (1.40.0)
+      aws-sdk-core (~> 3, >= 3.109.0)
+      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
+    aws-sdk-s3 (1.87.0)
+      aws-sdk-core (~> 3, >= 3.109.0)
+      aws-sdk-kms (~> 1)
+      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
+    aws-sigv4 (1.2.2)
+      aws-eventstream (~> 1, >= 1.0.2)
+    babosa (1.0.4)
    claide (1.0.3)
    colored (1.2)
    colored2 (3.1.2)
    commander-fastlane (4.4.6)
      highline (~> 1.7.2)
-    declarative (0.0.10)
+    declarative (0.0.20)
    declarative-option (0.1.0)
-    digest-crc (0.4.1)
+    digest-crc (0.6.3)
+      rake (>= 12.0.0, < 14.0.0)
    domain_name (0.5.20190701)
      unf (>= 0.0.5, < 1.0.0)
-    dotenv (2.7.5)
-    emoji_regex (1.0.1)
-    excon (0.66.0)
-    faraday (0.15.4)
+    dotenv (2.7.6)
+    emoji_regex (3.2.1)
+    excon (0.78.1)
+    faraday (1.2.0)
      multipart-post (>= 1.2, < 3)
-    faraday-cookie_jar (0.0.6)
-      faraday (>= 0.7.4)
+      ruby2_keywords
+    faraday-cookie_jar (0.0.7)
+      faraday (>= 0.8.0)
      http-cookie (~> 1.0.0)
-    faraday_middleware (0.13.1)
-      faraday (>= 0.7.4, < 1.0)
-    fastimage (2.1.5)
-    fastlane (2.129.0)
+    faraday_middleware (1.0.0)
+      faraday (~> 1.0)
+    fastimage (2.2.1)
+    fastlane (2.170.0)
      CFPropertyList (>= 2.3, < 4.0.0)
      addressable (>= 2.3, < 3.0.0)
-      babosa (>= 1.0.2, < 2.0.0)
+      aws-sdk-s3 (~> 1.0)
+      babosa (>= 1.0.3, < 2.0.0)
      bundler (>= 1.12.0, < 3.0.0)
      colored
      commander-fastlane (>= 4.4.6, < 5.0.0)
      dotenv (>= 2.1.1, < 3.0.0)
-      emoji_regex (>= 0.1, < 2.0)
-      excon (>= 0.45.0, < 1.0.0)
-      faraday (~> 0.9)
+      emoji_regex (>= 0.1, < 4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.71.0, < 1.0.0)
+      faraday (~> 1.0)
      faraday-cookie_jar (~> 0.0.6)
-      faraday_middleware (~> 0.9)
+      faraday_middleware (~> 1.0)
      fastimage (>= 2.1.0, < 3.0.0)
      gh_inspector (>= 1.1.2, < 2.0.0)
-      google-api-client (>= 0.21.2, < 0.24.0)
+      google-api-client (>= 0.37.0, < 0.39.0)
      google-cloud-storage (>= 1.15.0, < 2.0.0)
      highline (>= 1.7.2, < 2.0.0)
      json (< 3.0.0)
-      jwt (~> 2.1.0)
+      jwt (>= 2.1.0, < 3)
      mini_magick (>= 4.9.4, < 5.0.0)
-      multi_xml (~> 0.5)
      multipart-post (~> 2.0.0)
      plist (>= 3.1.0, < 4.0.0)
-      public_suffix (~> 2.0.0)
-      rubyzip (>= 1.2.2, < 2.0.0)
+      rubyzip (>= 2.0.0, < 3.0.0)
      security (= 0.1.3)
      simctl (~> 1.6.3)
      slack-notifier (>= 2.0.0, < 3.0.0)
@ -61,100 +78,104 @@ GEM
      tty-screen (>= 0.6.3, < 1.0.0)
      tty-spinner (>= 0.8.0, < 1.0.0)
      word_wrap (~> 1.0.0)
-      xcodeproj (>= 1.8.1, < 2.0.0)
+      xcodeproj (>= 1.13.0, < 2.0.0)
      xcpretty (~> 0.3.0)
      xcpretty-travis-formatter (>= 0.0.3)
    fastlane-plugin-clean_testflight_testers (0.3.0)
-    fastlane-plugin-souyuz (0.8.1)
-      souyuz (>= 0.8.1)
+    fastlane-plugin-souyuz (0.9.1)
+      souyuz (= 0.9.1)
    fastlane-plugin-xamarin (0.6.3)
    gh_inspector (1.1.3)
-    google-api-client (0.23.9)
+    google-api-client (0.38.0)
      addressable (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.1)
-      googleauth (>= 0.5, < 0.7.0)
+      googleauth (~> 0.9)
      httpclient (>= 2.8.1, < 3.0)
-      mime-types (~> 3.0)
+      mini_mime (~> 1.0)
      representable (~> 3.0)
      retriable (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
-      signet (~> 0.9)
-    google-cloud-core (1.3.0)
+      signet (~> 0.12)
+    google-cloud-core (1.5.0)
      google-cloud-env (~> 1.0)
-    google-cloud-env (1.2.0)
-      faraday (~> 0.11)
-    google-cloud-storage (1.16.0)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (1.4.0)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.3, < 2.0)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.0.1)
+    google-cloud-storage (1.29.2)
+      addressable (~> 2.5)
      digest-crc (~> 0.4)
-      google-api-client (~> 0.23)
+      google-api-client (~> 0.33)
      google-cloud-core (~> 1.2)
-      googleauth (>= 0.6.2, < 0.10.0)
-    googleauth (0.6.7)
-      faraday (~> 0.12)
+      googleauth (~> 0.9)
+      mini_mime (~> 1.0)
+    googleauth (0.14.0)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.3, < 2.0)
      jwt (>= 1.4, < 3.0)
      memoist (~> 0.16)
      multi_json (~> 1.11)
      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
-      signet (~> 0.7)
+      signet (~> 0.14)
    highline (1.7.10)
    http-cookie (1.0.3)
      domain_name (~> 0.5)
    httpclient (2.8.3)
-    json (2.2.0)
-    jwt (2.1.0)
-    memoist (0.16.0)
-    mime-types (3.2.2)
-      mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
-    mime-types-data (3.2019.0331)
-    mini_magick (4.9.5)
+    jmespath (1.4.0)
+    json (2.5.1)
+    jwt (2.2.2)
+    memoist (0.16.2)
+    mini_magick (4.11.0)
+    mini_mime (1.0.2)
    mini_portile2 (2.4.0)
-    multi_json (1.13.1)
-    multi_xml (0.6.0)
+    multi_json (1.15.0)
    multipart-post (2.0.0)
-    nanaimo (0.2.6)
+    nanaimo (0.3.0)
    naturally (2.2.0)
-    nokogiri (1.10.4)
+    nokogiri (1.10.10)
      mini_portile2 (~> 2.4.0)
-    os (1.0.1)
+    os (1.1.1)
    plist (3.5.0)
-    public_suffix (2.0.5)
+    public_suffix (4.0.6)
+    rake (13.0.3)
    representable (3.0.4)
      declarative (< 0.1.0)
      declarative-option (< 0.2.0)
      uber (< 0.2.0)
    retriable (3.1.2)
    rouge (2.0.7)
-    rubyzip (1.2.3)
+    ruby2_keywords (0.0.2)
+    rubyzip (2.3.0)
    security (0.1.3)
-    signet (0.11.0)
+    signet (0.14.0)
      addressable (~> 2.3)
-      faraday (~> 0.9)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.3, < 2.0)
      jwt (>= 1.5, < 3.0)
      multi_json (~> 1.10)
-    simctl (1.6.5)
+    simctl (1.6.8)
      CFPropertyList
      naturally
    slack-notifier (2.3.2)
-    souyuz (0.8.1)
-      fastlane (>= 2.29.0)
+    souyuz (0.9.1)
+      fastlane (>= 1.103.0)
      highline (~> 1.7)
      nokogiri (~> 1.7)
    terminal-notifier (2.0.0)
    terminal-table (1.8.0)
      unicode-display_width (~> 1.1, >= 1.1.1)
-    tty-cursor (0.7.0)
-    tty-screen (0.7.0)
-    tty-spinner (0.9.1)
+    tty-cursor (0.7.1)
+    tty-screen (0.8.1)
+    tty-spinner (0.9.3)
      tty-cursor (~> 0.7)
    uber (0.1.0)
    unf (0.1.4)
      unf_ext
-    unf_ext (0.0.7.6)
-    unicode-display_width (1.6.0)
+    unf_ext (0.0.7.7)
+    unicode-display_width (1.7.0)
    word_wrap (1.0.0)
-    xcodeproj (1.12.0)
+    xcodeproj (1.19.0)
      CFPropertyList (>= 2.3.3, < 4.0)
      atomos (~> 0.1.3)
      claide (>= 1.0.2, < 2.0)
      colored2 (~> 3.1)
-      nanaimo (~> 0.2.6)
+      nanaimo (~> 0.3.0)
    xcpretty (0.3.0)
      rouge (~> 2.0.7)
    xcpretty-travis-formatter (1.0.0)
--- a/InspectCode.ps1
+++ b/InspectCode.ps1
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+dotnet tool restore
+
+# Temporarily disabled until the tool is upgraded to 5.0.
+  # The version specified in .config/dotnet-tools.json (3.1.37601) won't run on .NET hosts >=5.0.7.
+  # - cmd: dotnet format --dry-run --check
+
+dotnet CodeFileSanity
+dotnet jb inspectcode "osu.Desktop.slnf" --output="inspectcodereport.xml" --caches-home="inspectcode" --verbosity=WARN
+dotnet nvika parsereport "inspectcodereport.xml" --treatwarningsaserrors
+
+exit $LASTEXITCODE
--- a/InspectCode.sh
+++ b/InspectCode.sh
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+dotnet tool restore
+dotnet CodeFileSanity
+dotnet jb inspectcode "osu.Desktop.slnf" --output="inspectcodereport.xml" --caches-home="inspectcode" --verbosity=WARN
+dotnet nvika parsereport "inspectcodereport.xml" --treatwarningsaserrors
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2019 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
+Copyright (c) 2021 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -4,42 +4,55 @@

 # osu!

-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/u2p01nx7l6og8buh?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/peppy/osu)  [![CodeFactor](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/ppy/osu/badge)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/ppy/osu) [![dev chat](https://discordapp.com/api/guilds/188630481301012481/widget.png?style=shield)](https://discord.gg/ppy)
+[![Build status](https://github.com/ppy/osu/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=master&event=push)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/ppy/osu.svg)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest)
+[![CodeFactor](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/ppy/osu/badge)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/ppy/osu)
+[![dev chat](https://discordapp.com/api/guilds/188630481301012481/widget.png?style=shield)](https://discord.gg/ppy)

-Rhythm is just a *click* away. The future of [osu!](https://osu.ppy.sh) and the beginning of an open era! Commonly known by the codename "osu!lazer". Pew pew.
+A free-to-win rhythm game. Rhythm is just a *click* away!
+
+The future of [osu!](https://osu.ppy.sh) and the beginning of an open era! Currently known by and released under the release codename "*lazer*". As in sharper than cutting-edge.

 ## Status

-This project is still heavily under development, but is in a state where users are encouraged to try it out and keep it installed alongside the stable osu! client. It will continue to evolve over the coming months and hopefully bring some new unique features to the table.
+This project is under heavy development, but is in a stable state. Users are encouraged to try it out and keep it installed alongside the stable *osu!* client. It will continue to evolve to the point of eventually replacing the existing stable client as an update.

-We are accepting bug reports (please report with as much detail as possible). Feature requests are welcome as long as you read and understand the contribution guidelines listed below.
+**IMPORTANT:** Gameplay mechanics (and other features which you may have come to know and love) are in a constant state of flux. Game balance and final quality-of-life passes come at the end of development, preceded by experimentation and changes which may potentially **reduce playability or usability**. This is done in order to allow us to move forward as developers and designers more efficiently. If this offends you, please consider sticking to the stable releases of osu! (found on the website). We are not yet open to heated discussion over game mechanics and will not be using github as a forum for such discussions just yet.

-Detailed changelogs are published on the [official osu! site](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/changelog).
+We are accepting bug reports (please report with as much detail as possible and follow the existing issue templates). Feature requests are also welcome, but understand that our focus is on completing the game to feature parity before adding new features. A few resources are available as starting points to getting involved and understanding the project:

-## Requirements
-
- A desktop platform with the [.NET Core SDK 2.2](https://www.microsoft.com/net/learn/get-started) or higher installed.
- When running on linux, please have a system-wide ffmpeg installation available to support video decoding.
- When running on Windows 7 or 8.1, **[additional prerequisites](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/windows-prerequisites?tabs=netcore2x)** may be required to correctly run .NET Core applications if your operating system is not up-to-date with the latest service packs.
- When working with the codebase, we recommend using an IDE with intellisense and syntax highlighting, such as [Visual Studio 2017+](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/), [Jetbrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/).
+- Detailed release changelogs are available on the [official osu! site](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/changelog/lazer).
+- You can learn more about our approach to [project management](https://github.com/ppy/osu/wiki/Project-management).
+- Read peppy's [blog post](https://blog.ppy.sh/a-definitive-lazer-faq/) exploring where the project is currently and the roadmap going forward.

 ## Running osu!

-### Releases
-
-If you are not interested in developing the game, you can still consume our [binary releases](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases).
+If you are looking to install or test osu! without setting up a development environment, you can consume our [binary releases](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases). Handy links below will download the latest version for your operating system of choice:

 **Latest build:**

-| [Windows (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/install.exe)  | [macOS 10.12+](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.zip) |
-| ------------- | ------------- |
+| [Windows 8.1+ (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/install.exe) | [macOS 10.12+](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.zip) | [Linux (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.AppImage) | [iOS 10+](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/testflight) | [Android 5+](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/sh.ppy.osulazer.apk)
+| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |

- **Linux** users are recommended to self-compile until we have official deployment in place.
- **iOS** users can join the [TestFlight beta program](https://testflight.apple.com/join/2tLcjWlF) (note that due to high demand this is regularly full).
- **Android** users can self-compile, and expect a public beta soon.
+- The iOS testflight link may fill up (Apple has a hard limit of 10,000 users). We reset it occasionally when this happens. Please do not ask about this. Check back regularly for link resets or follow [peppy](https://twitter.com/ppy) on twitter for announcements of link resets.

 If your platform is not listed above, there is still a chance you can manually build it by following the instructions below.

+## Developing a custom ruleset
+
+osu! is designed to have extensible modular gameplay modes, called "rulesets". Building one of these allows a developer to harness the power of osu! for their own game style. To get started working on a ruleset, we have some templates available [here](https://github.com/ppy/osu/tree/master/Templates).
+
+You can see some examples of custom rulesets by visiting the [custom ruleset directory](https://github.com/ppy/osu/discussions/13096).
+
+## Developing osu!
+
+Please make sure you have the following prerequisites:
+
+- A desktop platform with the [.NET 5.0 SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download) installed.
+- When developing with mobile, [Xamarin](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/) is required, which is shipped together with Visual Studio or [Visual Studio for Mac](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/mac/).
+- When working with the codebase, we recommend using an IDE with intelligent code completion and syntax highlighting, such as [Visual Studio 2019+](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/), [JetBrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/).
+- When running on Linux, please have a system-wide FFmpeg installation available to support video decoding.
+
 ### Downloading the source code

 Clone the repository:
@ -57,31 +70,21 @@ git pull

 ### Building

-Build configurations for the recommended IDEs (listed above) are included. You should use the provided Build/Run functionality of your IDE to get things going. When testing or building new components, it's highly encouraged you use the `VisualTests` project/configuration. More information on this provided [below](#contributing).
+Build configurations for the recommended IDEs (listed above) are included. You should use the provided Build/Run functionality of your IDE to get things going. When testing or building new components, it's highly encouraged you use the `VisualTests` project/configuration. More information on this is provided [below](#contributing).

-> Visual Studio Code users must run the `Restore` task before any build attempt.
+- Visual Studio / Rider users should load the project via one of the platform-specific `.slnf` files, rather than the main `.sln.` This will allow access to template run configurations.

-You can also build and run osu! from the command-line with a single command:
+You can also build and run *osu!* from the command-line with a single command:

 ```shell
 dotnet run --project osu.Desktop
 ```

-If you are not interested in debugging osu!, you can add `-c Release` to gain performance. In this case, you must replace `Debug` with `Release` in any commands mentioned in this document.
+If you are not interested in debugging *osu!*, you can add `-c Release` to gain performance. In this case, you must replace `Debug` with `Release` in any commands mentioned in this document.

-If the build fails, try to restore nuget packages with `dotnet restore`.
+If the build fails, try to restore NuGet packages with `dotnet restore`.

-#### A note for Linux users
-
-On Linux, the environment variable `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` must point to the build directory, located at `osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/$NETCORE_VERSION`.
-
-`$NETCORE_VERSION` is the version of the targeted .NET Core SDK. You can check it by running `grep TargetFramework osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj | sed -r 's/.*>(.*)<\/.*/\1/'`.
-
-For example, you can run osu! with the following command:
-
-```shell
-LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.2" dotnet run --project osu.Desktop
-```
+_Due to a historical feature gap between .NET Core and Xamarin, running `dotnet` CLI from the root directory will not work for most commands. This can be resolved by specifying a target `.csproj` or the helper project at `build/Desktop.proj`. Configurations have been provided to work around this issue for all supported IDEs mentioned above._

 ### Testing with resource/framework modifications

@ -89,23 +92,23 @@ Sometimes it may be necessary to cross-test changes in [osu-resources](https://g

 ### Code analysis

-Code analysis can be run with `powershell ./build.ps1` or `build.sh`. This is currently only supported under windows due to [resharper cli shortcomings](https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/RSRP-410004). Alternatively, you can install resharper or use rider to get inline support in your IDE of choice.
+Before committing your code, please run a code formatter. This can be achieved by running `dotnet format` in the command line, or using the `Format code` command in your IDE.
+
+We have adopted some cross-platform, compiler integrated analyzers. They can provide warnings when you are editing, building inside IDE or from command line, as-if they are provided by the compiler itself.
+
+JetBrains ReSharper InspectCode is also used for wider rule sets. You can run it from PowerShell with `.\InspectCode.ps1`. Alternatively, you can install ReSharper or use Rider to get inline support in your IDE of choice.

 ## Contributing

-We welcome all contributions, but keep in mind that we already have a lot of the UI designed. If you wish to work on something with the intention on having it included in the official distribution, please open an issue for discussion and we will give you what you need from a design perspective to proceed. If you want to make *changes* to the design, we recommend you open an issue with your intentions before spending too much time, to ensure no effort is wasted.
+When it comes to contributing to the project, the two main things you can do to help out are reporting issues and submitting pull requests. Based on past experiences, we have prepared a [list of contributing guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) that should hopefully ease you into our collaboration process and answer the most frequently-asked questions.

-If you're unsure of what you can help with, check out the [list of open issues](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues) (especially those with the ["good first issue"](https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22) label).
+Note that while we already have certain standards in place, nothing is set in stone. If you have an issue with the way code is structured, with any libraries we are using, or with any processes involved with contributing, *please* bring it up. We welcome all feedback so we can make contributing to this project as painless as possible.

-Before starting, please make sure you are familiar with the [development and testing](https://github.com/ppy/osu-framework/wiki/Development-and-Testing) procedure we have set up. New component development, and where possible, bug fixing and debugging existing components **should always be done under VisualTests**.
-
-Note that while we already have certain standards in place, nothing is set in stone. If you have an issue with the way code is structured; with any libraries we are using; with any processes involved with contributing, *please* bring it up. We welcome all feedback so we can make contributing to this project as pain-free as possible.
-
-For those interested, we love to reward quality contributions via [bounties](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jNXfj_S3Pb5PErA-czDdC9DUu4IgUbe1Lt8E7CYUJuE/view?&rm=minimal#gid=523803337), paid out via paypal or osu! supporter tags. Don't hesitate to [request a bounty](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSet_8iFAgPMG526pBZ2Kic6HSh7XPM3fE8xPcnWNkMzINDdYg/viewform) for your work on this project.
+For those interested, we love to reward quality contributions via [bounties](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jNXfj_S3Pb5PErA-czDdC9DUu4IgUbe1Lt8E7CYUJuE/view?&rm=minimal#gid=523803337), paid out via PayPal or osu!supporter tags. Don't hesitate to [request a bounty](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSet_8iFAgPMG526pBZ2Kic6HSh7XPM3fE8xPcnWNkMzINDdYg/viewform) for your work on this project.

 ## Licence

-The osu! client code and framework are licensed under the [MIT licence](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). Please see [the licence file](LICENCE) for more information. [tl;dr](https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license) you can do whatever you want as long as you include the original copyright and license notice in any copy of the software/source.
+*osu!*'s code and framework are licensed under the [MIT licence](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). Please see [the licence file](LICENCE) for more information. [tl;dr](https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license) you can do whatever you want as long as you include the original copyright and license notice in any copy of the software/source.

 Please note that this *does not cover* the usage of the "osu!" or "ppy" branding in any software, resources, advertising or promotion, as this is protected by trademark law.

--- a/Templates/Directory.Build.props
+++ b/Templates/Directory.Build.props
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<Project>
+  <!-- Isolated subtree -->
+</Project>
--- a/Templates/README.md
+++ b/Templates/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Templates
+
+Templates for use when creating osu! dependent projects. Create a fully-testable (and ready for git) custom ruleset in just two lines.
+
+## Usage
+
+```bash
+# install (or update) templates package.
+# this only needs to be done once
+dotnet new -i ppy.osu.Game.Templates
+
+# create an empty freeform ruleset
+dotnet new ruleset -n MyCoolRuleset
+# create an empty scrolling ruleset (which provides the basics for a scrolling ←↑→↓ ruleset)
+dotnet new ruleset-scrolling -n MyCoolRuleset
+
+# ..or start with a working sample freeform game
+dotnet new ruleset-example -n MyCoolWorkingRuleset
+# ..or a working sample scrolling game
+dotnet new ruleset-scrolling-example -n MyCoolWorkingRuleset
+```
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.editorconfig
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.editorconfig
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: http://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*.cs]
+end_of_line = crlf
+insert_final_newline = true
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+#Roslyn naming styles
+
+#PascalCase for public and protected members
+dotnet_naming_style.pascalcase.capitalization = pascal_case
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.severity = error
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.symbols = public_members
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.style = pascalcase
+
+#camelCase for private members
+dotnet_naming_style.camelcase.capitalization = camel_case
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.symbols = private_members
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_function.applicable_kinds = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.symbols = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+#all_lower for private and local constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.capitalization = all_lower
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.symbols = private_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.symbols = private_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.applicable_kinds = local
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.symbols = local_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+#ALL_UPPER for non private constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.capitalization = all_upper
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.symbols = public_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.symbols = public_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+#Roslyn formating options
+
+#Formatting - indentation options
+csharp_indent_case_contents = true
+csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = false
+csharp_indent_labels = one_less_than_current
+csharp_indent_switch_labels = true
+
+#Formatting - new line options
+csharp_new_line_before_catch = true
+csharp_new_line_before_else = true
+csharp_new_line_before_finally = true
+csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true # Currently no effect in VS/dotnet format (16.4), and makes Rider confusing
+csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true
+
+#Formatting - organize using options
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+
+#Formatting - spacing options
+csharp_space_after_cast = false
+csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true
+csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+
+#Formatting - wrapping options
+csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true
+csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = true
+
+#Roslyn language styles
+
+#Style - this. qualification
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:warning
+
+#Style - type names
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:warning
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:warning
+csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true:none
+csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = true:none
+csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true:silent
+
+#Style - modifiers
+dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers = for_non_interface_members:warning
+csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,new,abstract,virtual,sealed,override,static,readonly,extern,unsafe,volatile,async:warning
+
+#Style - parentheses
+# Skipped because roslyn cannot separate +-*/ with << >>
+
+#Style - expression bodies
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = false:none
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = false:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions = true:silent
+
+#Style - expression preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_compound_assignment = true:warning
+
+#Style - null/type checks
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:warning
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_throw_expression = true:silent
+csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:warning
+
+#Style - unused
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:silent
+dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters = non_public:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_expression_statement_preference = discard_variable:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_assignment_preference = discard_variable:warning
+
+#Style - variable declaration
+csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:warning
+csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration = true:warning
+
+#Style - other C# 7.x features
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:silent
+
+#Style - C# 8 features
+csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement = true:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_index_operator = true:warning
+csharp_style_prefer_range_operator = true:warning
+csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression = false:none
+
+#Supressing roslyn built-in analyzers
+# Suppress: EC112
+
+#Private method is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0051.severity = silent
+#Private member is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0052.severity = silent
+
+#Rules for disposable
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0067.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0068.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0069.severity = none
+
+#Disable operator overloads requiring alternate named methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2225.severity = none
+
+# Banned APIs
+dotnet_diagnostic.RS0030.severity = error
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.gitignore
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
+## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
+##
+## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
+
+# User-specific files
+*.suo
+*.user
+*.userosscache
+*.sln.docstates
+
+# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
+*.userprefs
+
+# Build results
+[Dd]ebug/
+[Dd]ebugPublic/
+[Rr]elease/
+[Rr]eleases/
+x64/
+x86/
+bld/
+[Bb]in/
+[Oo]bj/
+[Ll]og/
+
+# Visual Studio 2015 cache/options directory
+.vs/
+# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
+#wwwroot/
+
+# MSTest test Results
+[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
+[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
+
+# NUNIT
+*.VisualState.xml
+TestResult.xml
+
+# Build Results of an ATL Project
+[Dd]ebugPS/
+[Rr]eleasePS/
+dlldata.c
+
+# .NET Core
+project.lock.json
+project.fragment.lock.json
+artifacts/
+**/Properties/launchSettings.json
+
+*_i.c
+*_p.c
+*_i.h
+*.ilk
+*.meta
+*.obj
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.pgc
+*.pgd
+*.rsp
+*.sbr
+*.tlb
+*.tli
+*.tlh
+*.tmp
+*.tmp_proj
+*.log
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+.builds
+*.pidb
+*.svclog
+*.scc
+
+# Chutzpah Test files
+_Chutzpah*
+
+# Visual C++ cache files
+ipch/
+*.aps
+*.ncb
+*.opendb
+*.opensdf
+*.sdf
+*.cachefile
+*.VC.db
+*.VC.VC.opendb
+
+# Visual Studio profiler
+*.psess
+*.vsp
+*.vspx
+*.sap
+
+# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
+$tf/
+
+# Guidance Automation Toolkit
+*.gpState
+
+# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
+_ReSharper*/
+*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
+*.DotSettings.user
+
+# JustCode is a .NET coding add-in
+.JustCode
+
+# TeamCity is a build add-in
+_TeamCity*
+
+# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+*.dotCover
+
+# Visual Studio code coverage results
+*.coverage
+*.coveragexml
+
+# NCrunch
+_NCrunch_*
+.*crunch*.local.xml
+nCrunchTemp_*
+
+# MightyMoose
+*.mm.*
+AutoTest.Net/
+
+# Web workbench (sass)
+.sass-cache/
+
+# Installshield output folder
+[Ee]xpress/
+
+# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
+DocProject/buildhelp/
+DocProject/Help/*.HxT
+DocProject/Help/*.HxC
+DocProject/Help/*.hhc
+DocProject/Help/*.hhk
+DocProject/Help/*.hhp
+DocProject/Help/Html2
+DocProject/Help/html
+
+# Click-Once directory
+publish/
+
+# Publish Web Output
+*.[Pp]ublish.xml
+*.azurePubxml
+# TODO: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings
+# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
+*.pubxml
+*.publishproj
+
+# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
+# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
+# in these scripts will be unencrypted
+PublishScripts/
+
+# NuGet Packages
+*.nupkg
+# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
+**/packages/*
+# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
+!**/packages/build/
+# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
+#!**/packages/repositories.config
+# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
+*.nuget.props
+*.nuget.targets
+
+# Microsoft Azure Build Output
+csx/
+*.build.csdef
+
+# Microsoft Azure Emulator
+ecf/
+rcf/
+
+# Windows Store app package directories and files
+AppPackages/
+BundleArtifacts/
+Package.StoreAssociation.xml
+_pkginfo.txt
+
+# Visual Studio cache files
+# files ending in .cache can be ignored
+*.[Cc]ache
+# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
+!*.[Cc]ache/
+
+# Others
+ClientBin/
+~$*
+*~
+*.dbmdl
+*.dbproj.schemaview
+*.jfm
+*.pfx
+*.publishsettings
+orleans.codegen.cs
+
+# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
+#bower_components/
+
+# RIA/Silverlight projects
+Generated_Code/
+
+# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
+# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
+# because we have git ;-)
+_UpgradeReport_Files/
+Backup*/
+UpgradeLog*.XML
+UpgradeLog*.htm
+
+# SQL Server files
+*.mdf
+*.ldf
+*.ndf
+
+# Business Intelligence projects
+*.rdl.data
+*.bim.layout
+*.bim_*.settings
+
+# Microsoft Fakes
+FakesAssemblies/
+
+# GhostDoc plugin setting file
+*.GhostDoc.xml
+
+# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
+.ntvs_analysis.dat
+node_modules/
+
+# Typescript v1 declaration files
+typings/
+
+# Visual Studio 6 build log
+*.plg
+
+# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
+*.opt
+
+# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
+*.vbw
+
+# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
+**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
+**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
+_Pvt_Extensions
+
+# Paket dependency manager
+.paket/paket.exe
+paket-files/
+
+# FAKE - F# Make
+.fake/
+
+# JetBrains Rider
+.idea/
+*.sln.iml
+
+# CodeRush
+.cr/
+
+# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
+# tools/**
+# !tools/packages.config
+
+# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
+*.jmconfig
+
+# BizTalk build output
+*.btp.cs
+*.btm.cs
+*.odx.cs
+*.xsd.cs
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.template.config/template.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/.template.config/template.json
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "http://json.schemastore.org/template",
+    "author": "ppy Pty Ltd",
+    "classifications": [
+        "Console"
+    ],
+    "name": "osu! ruleset",
+    "identity": "ppy.osu.Game.Templates.Rulesets",
+    "shortName": "ruleset",
+    "tags": {
+        "language": "C#",
+        "type": "project"
+    },
+    "sourceName": "EmptyFreeform",
+    "preferNameDirectory": true
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "VisualTests (Debug)",
+            "type": "coreclr",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
+            ],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
+            "env": {},
+            "console": "internalConsole"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "VisualTests (Release)",
+            "type": "coreclr",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
+            ],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
+            "env": {},
+            "console": "internalConsole"
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/tasks.json
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
+    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "Build (Debug)",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "build",
+                "--no-restore",
+                "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.csproj",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Build (Release)",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "build",
+                "--no-restore",
+                "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.csproj",
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Restore",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "restore"
+            ],
+            "problemMatcher": []
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/TestSceneOsuGame.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/TestSceneOsuGame.cs
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests
+{
+    public class TestSceneOsuGame : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(GameHost host, OsuGameBase gameBase)
+        {
+            Children = new Drawable[]
+            {
+                new Box
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Colour = Color4.Black,
+                },
+            };
+
+            AddGame(new OsuGame());
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/TestSceneOsuPlayer.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/TestSceneOsuPlayer.cs
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSceneOsuPlayer : PlayerTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new EmptyFreeformRuleset();
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Tests;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests
+{
+    public static class VisualTestRunner
+    {
+        [STAThread]
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableHost(@"osu", true))
+            {
+                host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <StartupObject>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.VisualTestRunner</StartupObject>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <ItemGroup Label="Service">
+      <Service Include="{82a7f48d-3b50-4b1e-b82e-3ada8210c358}" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
+    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />
+    <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="2.1.4" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
+    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.sln
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.sln
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 16
+VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.29123.88
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform", "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj", "{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests", "osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj", "{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+		VisualTests|Any CPU = VisualTests|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.VisualTests|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.VisualTests|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.VisualTests|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.VisualTests|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {671B0BEC-2403-45B0-9357-2C97CC517668}
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(MonoDevelopProperties) = preSolution
+		Policies = $0
+		$0.TextStylePolicy = $1
+		$1.EolMarker = Windows
+		$1.inheritsSet = VisualStudio
+		$1.inheritsScope = text/plain
+		$1.scope = text/x-csharp
+		$0.CSharpFormattingPolicy = $2
+		$2.IndentSwitchSection = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInProperties = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAccessors = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousMethods = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInControlBlocks = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInObjectCollectionArrayInitializers = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInLambdaExpressionBody = True
+		$2.NewLineForElse = True
+		$2.NewLineForCatch = True
+		$2.NewLineForFinally = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInObjectInit = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLineForClausesInQuery = True
+		$2.SpacingAfterMethodDeclarationName = False
+		$2.SpaceAfterMethodCallName = False
+		$2.SpaceBeforeOpenSquareBracket = False
+		$2.inheritsSet = Mono
+		$2.inheritsScope = text/x-csharp
+		$2.scope = text/x-csharp
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(MonoDevelopProperties) = preSolution
+		Policies = $0
+		$0.TextStylePolicy = $1
+		$1.EolMarker = Windows
+		$1.inheritsSet = VisualStudio
+		$1.inheritsScope = text/plain
+		$1.scope = text/x-csharp
+		$0.CSharpFormattingPolicy = $2
+		$2.IndentSwitchSection = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInProperties = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAccessors = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousMethods = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInControlBlocks = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInObjectCollectionArrayInitializers = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInLambdaExpressionBody = True
+		$2.NewLineForElse = True
+		$2.NewLineForCatch = True
+		$2.NewLineForFinally = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInObjectInit = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLineForClausesInQuery = True
+		$2.SpacingAfterMethodDeclarationName = False
+		$2.SpaceAfterMethodCallName = False
+		$2.SpaceBeforeOpenSquareBracket = False
+		$2.inheritsSet = Mono
+		$2.inheritsScope = text/x-csharp
+		$2.scope = text/x-csharp
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.sln.DotSettings
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.sln.DotSettings
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Beatmaps/EmptyFreeformBeatmapConverter.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Beatmaps/EmptyFreeformBeatmapConverter.cs
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Beatmaps
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformBeatmapConverter : BeatmapConverter<EmptyFreeformHitObject>
+    {
+        public EmptyFreeformBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap, Ruleset ruleset)
+            : base(beatmap, ruleset)
+        {
+        }
+
+        // todo: Check for conversion types that should be supported (ie. Beatmap.HitObjects.Any(h => h is IHasXPosition))
+        // https://github.com/ppy/osu/tree/master/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Types
+        public override bool CanConvert() => true;
+
+        protected override IEnumerable<EmptyFreeformHitObject> ConvertHitObject(HitObject original, IBeatmap beatmap, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            yield return new EmptyFreeformHitObject
+            {
+                Samples = original.Samples,
+                StartTime = original.StartTime,
+                Position = (original as IHasPosition)?.Position ?? Vector2.Zero,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformDifficultyCalculator.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformDifficultyCalculator.cs
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformDifficultyCalculator : DifficultyCalculator
+    {
+        public EmptyFreeformDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
+            : base(ruleset, beatmap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        {
+            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
+        }
+
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => new Skill[0];
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformInputManager.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformInputManager.cs
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformInputManager : RulesetInputManager<EmptyFreeformAction>
+    {
+        public EmptyFreeformInputManager(RulesetInfo ruleset)
+            : base(ruleset, 0, SimultaneousBindingMode.Unique)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum EmptyFreeformAction
+    {
+        [Description("Button 1")]
+        Button1,
+
+        [Description("Button 2")]
+        Button2,
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformRuleset.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/EmptyFreeformRuleset.cs
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformRuleset : Ruleset
+    {
+        public override string Description => "a very emptyfreeformruleset ruleset";
+
+        public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) =>
+            new DrawableEmptyFreeformRuleset(this, beatmap, mods);
+
+        public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) =>
+            new EmptyFreeformBeatmapConverter(beatmap, this);
+
+        public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) =>
+            new EmptyFreeformDifficultyCalculator(RulesetInfo, beatmap);
+
+        public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type)
+        {
+            switch (type)
+            {
+                case ModType.Automation:
+                    return new[] { new EmptyFreeformModAutoplay() };
+
+                default:
+                    return new Mod[] { null };
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ShortName => "emptyfreeformruleset";
+
+        public override IEnumerable<KeyBinding> GetDefaultKeyBindings(int variant = 0) => new[]
+        {
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.Z, EmptyFreeformAction.Button1),
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.X, EmptyFreeformAction.Button2),
+        };
+
+        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new Icon(ShortName[0]);
+
+        public class Icon : CompositeDrawable
+        {
+            public Icon(char c)
+            {
+                InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    new Circle
+                    {
+                        Size = new Vector2(20),
+                        Colour = Color4.White,
+                    },
+                    new SpriteText
+                    {
+                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                        Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                        Text = c.ToString(),
+                        Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 18)
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Mods/EmptyFreeformModAutoplay.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Mods/EmptyFreeformModAutoplay.cs
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Mods
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformModAutoplay : ModAutoplay
+    {
+        public override Score CreateReplayScore(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods) => new Score
+        {
+            ScoreInfo = new ScoreInfo
+            {
+                User = new APIUser { Username = "sample" },
+            },
+            Replay = new EmptyFreeformAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate(),
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects.Drawables
+{
+    public class DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject : DrawableHitObject<EmptyFreeformHitObject>
+    {
+        public DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject(EmptyFreeformHitObject hitObject)
+            : base(hitObject)
+        {
+            Size = new Vector2(40);
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+
+            Position = hitObject.Position;
+
+            // todo: add visuals.
+        }
+
+        protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
+        {
+            if (timeOffset >= 0)
+                // todo: implement judgement logic
+                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Perfect);
+        }
+
+        protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
+        {
+            const double duration = 1000;
+
+            switch (state)
+            {
+                case ArmedState.Hit:
+                    this.FadeOut(duration, Easing.OutQuint).Expire();
+                    break;
+
+                case ArmedState.Miss:
+                    this.FadeColour(Color4.Red, duration);
+                    this.FadeOut(duration, Easing.InQuint).Expire();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/EmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/EmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformHitObject : HitObject, IHasPosition
+    {
+        public override Judgement CreateJudgement() => new Judgement();
+
+        public Vector2 Position { get; set; }
+
+        public float X => Position.X;
+        public float Y => Position.Y;
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformAutoGenerator.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformAutoGenerator.cs
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformAutoGenerator : AutoGenerator<EmptyFreeformReplayFrame>
+    {
+        public new Beatmap<EmptyFreeformHitObject> Beatmap => (Beatmap<EmptyFreeformHitObject>)base.Beatmap;
+
+        public EmptyFreeformAutoGenerator(IBeatmap beatmap)
+            : base(beatmap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override void GenerateFrames()
+        {
+            Frames.Add(new EmptyFreeformReplayFrame());
+
+            foreach (EmptyFreeformHitObject hitObject in Beatmap.HitObjects)
+            {
+                Frames.Add(new EmptyFreeformReplayFrame
+                {
+                    Time = hitObject.StartTime,
+                    Position = hitObject.Position,
+                    // todo: add required inputs and extra frames.
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformFramedReplayInputHandler.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformFramedReplayInputHandler.cs
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Input.StateChanges;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformFramedReplayInputHandler : FramedReplayInputHandler<EmptyFreeformReplayFrame>
+    {
+        public EmptyFreeformFramedReplayInputHandler(Replay replay)
+            : base(replay)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override bool IsImportant(EmptyFreeformReplayFrame frame) => frame.Actions.Any();
+
+        public override void CollectPendingInputs(List<IInput> inputs)
+        {
+            var position = Interpolation.ValueAt(CurrentTime, StartFrame.Position, EndFrame.Position, StartFrame.Time, EndFrame.Time);
+
+            inputs.Add(new MousePositionAbsoluteInput
+            {
+                Position = GamefieldToScreenSpace(position),
+            });
+            inputs.Add(new ReplayState<EmptyFreeformAction>
+            {
+                PressedActions = CurrentFrame?.Actions ?? new List<EmptyFreeformAction>(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformReplayFrame.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Replays/EmptyFreeformReplayFrame.cs
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays
+{
+    public class EmptyFreeformReplayFrame : ReplayFrame
+    {
+        public List<EmptyFreeformAction> Actions = new List<EmptyFreeformAction>();
+        public Vector2 Position;
+
+        public EmptyFreeformReplayFrame(EmptyFreeformAction? button = null)
+        {
+            if (button.HasValue)
+                Actions.Add(button.Value);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/UI/DrawableEmptyFreeformRuleset.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/UI/DrawableEmptyFreeformRuleset.cs
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Input;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Input.Handlers;
+using osu.Game.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.UI
+{
+    [Cached]
+    public class DrawableEmptyFreeformRuleset : DrawableRuleset<EmptyFreeformHitObject>
+    {
+        public DrawableEmptyFreeformRuleset(EmptyFreeformRuleset ruleset, IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null)
+            : base(ruleset, beatmap, mods)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override Playfield CreatePlayfield() => new EmptyFreeformPlayfield();
+
+        protected override ReplayInputHandler CreateReplayInputHandler(Replay replay) => new EmptyFreeformFramedReplayInputHandler(replay);
+
+        public override DrawableHitObject<EmptyFreeformHitObject> CreateDrawableRepresentation(EmptyFreeformHitObject h) => new DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject(h);
+
+        protected override PassThroughInputManager CreateInputManager() => new EmptyFreeformInputManager(Ruleset?.RulesetInfo);
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/UI/EmptyFreeformPlayfield.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/UI/EmptyFreeformPlayfield.cs
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.UI
+{
+    [Cached]
+    public class EmptyFreeformPlayfield : Playfield
+    {
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            AddRangeInternal(new Drawable[]
+            {
+                HitObjectContainer,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
+    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <AssemblyTitle>osu.Game.Rulesets.Sample</AssemblyTitle>
+    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Resources\**" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\osu.Game\osu.Game.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.editorconfig
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.editorconfig
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: http://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*.cs]
+end_of_line = crlf
+insert_final_newline = true
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+#Roslyn naming styles
+
+#PascalCase for public and protected members
+dotnet_naming_style.pascalcase.capitalization = pascal_case
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.severity = error
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.symbols = public_members
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_members_pascalcase.style = pascalcase
+
+#camelCase for private members
+dotnet_naming_style.camelcase.capitalization = camel_case
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_members.applicable_kinds = property,method,field,event
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.symbols = private_members
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_members_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_function.applicable_kinds = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.symbols = local_function
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_function_camelcase.style = camelcase
+
+#all_lower for private and local constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.capitalization = all_lower
+dotnet_naming_style.all_lower.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.symbols = private_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = private
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.symbols = private_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.private_static_readonly_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.applicable_kinds = local
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.symbols = local_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_const_all_lower.style = all_lower
+
+#ALL_UPPER for non private constants/static readonlys
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.capitalization = all_upper
+dotnet_naming_style.all_upper.word_separator = _
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_constants.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.symbols = public_constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_const_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_accessibilities = public,internal,protected,protected_internal,private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.required_modifiers = static,readonly
+dotnet_naming_symbols.public_static_readonly.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.severity = warning
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.symbols = public_static_readonly
+dotnet_naming_rule.public_static_readonly_all_upper.style = all_upper
+
+#Roslyn formating options
+
+#Formatting - indentation options
+csharp_indent_case_contents = true
+csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = false
+csharp_indent_labels = one_less_than_current
+csharp_indent_switch_labels = true
+
+#Formatting - new line options
+csharp_new_line_before_catch = true
+csharp_new_line_before_else = true
+csharp_new_line_before_finally = true
+csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true
+#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true # Currently no effect in VS/dotnet format (16.4), and makes Rider confusing
+csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true
+
+#Formatting - organize using options
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+
+#Formatting - spacing options
+csharp_space_after_cast = false
+csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true
+csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+
+#Formatting - wrapping options
+csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true
+csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = true
+
+#Roslyn language styles
+
+#Style - this. qualification
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:warning
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:warning
+
+#Style - type names
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:warning
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:warning
+csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true:none
+csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = true:none
+csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true:silent
+
+#Style - modifiers
+dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers = for_non_interface_members:warning
+csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,new,abstract,virtual,sealed,override,static,readonly,extern,unsafe,volatile,async:warning
+
+#Style - parentheses
+# Skipped because roslyn cannot separate +-*/ with << >>
+
+#Style - expression bodies
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = false:none
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = false:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:warning
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions = true:silent
+
+#Style - expression preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_compound_assignment = true:warning
+
+#Style - null/type checks
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:warning
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:warning
+csharp_style_throw_expression = true:silent
+csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:warning
+
+#Style - unused
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:silent
+dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters = non_public:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_expression_statement_preference = discard_variable:silent
+csharp_style_unused_value_assignment_preference = discard_variable:warning
+
+#Style - variable declaration
+csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:warning
+csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration = true:warning
+
+#Style - other C# 7.x features
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:warning
+csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = true:warning
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:silent
+
+#Style - C# 8 features
+csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:warning
+csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement = true:silent
+csharp_style_prefer_index_operator = true:warning
+csharp_style_prefer_range_operator = true:warning
+csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression = false:none
+
+#Supressing roslyn built-in analyzers
+# Suppress: EC112
+
+#Private method is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0051.severity = silent
+#Private member is unused
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0052.severity = silent
+
+#Rules for disposable
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0067.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0068.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0069.severity = none
+
+#Disable operator overloads requiring alternate named methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2225.severity = none
+
+# Banned APIs
+dotnet_diagnostic.RS0030.severity = error
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.gitignore
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
+## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
+##
+## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
+
+# User-specific files
+*.suo
+*.user
+*.userosscache
+*.sln.docstates
+
+# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
+*.userprefs
+
+# Build results
+[Dd]ebug/
+[Dd]ebugPublic/
+[Rr]elease/
+[Rr]eleases/
+x64/
+x86/
+bld/
+[Bb]in/
+[Oo]bj/
+[Ll]og/
+
+# Visual Studio 2015 cache/options directory
+.vs/
+# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
+#wwwroot/
+
+# MSTest test Results
+[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
+[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
+
+# NUNIT
+*.VisualState.xml
+TestResult.xml
+
+# Build Results of an ATL Project
+[Dd]ebugPS/
+[Rr]eleasePS/
+dlldata.c
+
+# .NET Core
+project.lock.json
+project.fragment.lock.json
+artifacts/
+**/Properties/launchSettings.json
+
+*_i.c
+*_p.c
+*_i.h
+*.ilk
+*.meta
+*.obj
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.pgc
+*.pgd
+*.rsp
+*.sbr
+*.tlb
+*.tli
+*.tlh
+*.tmp
+*.tmp_proj
+*.log
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+.builds
+*.pidb
+*.svclog
+*.scc
+
+# Chutzpah Test files
+_Chutzpah*
+
+# Visual C++ cache files
+ipch/
+*.aps
+*.ncb
+*.opendb
+*.opensdf
+*.sdf
+*.cachefile
+*.VC.db
+*.VC.VC.opendb
+
+# Visual Studio profiler
+*.psess
+*.vsp
+*.vspx
+*.sap
+
+# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
+$tf/
+
+# Guidance Automation Toolkit
+*.gpState
+
+# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
+_ReSharper*/
+*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
+*.DotSettings.user
+
+# JustCode is a .NET coding add-in
+.JustCode
+
+# TeamCity is a build add-in
+_TeamCity*
+
+# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+*.dotCover
+
+# Visual Studio code coverage results
+*.coverage
+*.coveragexml
+
+# NCrunch
+_NCrunch_*
+.*crunch*.local.xml
+nCrunchTemp_*
+
+# MightyMoose
+*.mm.*
+AutoTest.Net/
+
+# Web workbench (sass)
+.sass-cache/
+
+# Installshield output folder
+[Ee]xpress/
+
+# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
+DocProject/buildhelp/
+DocProject/Help/*.HxT
+DocProject/Help/*.HxC
+DocProject/Help/*.hhc
+DocProject/Help/*.hhk
+DocProject/Help/*.hhp
+DocProject/Help/Html2
+DocProject/Help/html
+
+# Click-Once directory
+publish/
+
+# Publish Web Output
+*.[Pp]ublish.xml
+*.azurePubxml
+# TODO: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings
+# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
+*.pubxml
+*.publishproj
+
+# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
+# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
+# in these scripts will be unencrypted
+PublishScripts/
+
+# NuGet Packages
+*.nupkg
+# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
+**/packages/*
+# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
+!**/packages/build/
+# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
+#!**/packages/repositories.config
+# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
+*.nuget.props
+*.nuget.targets
+
+# Microsoft Azure Build Output
+csx/
+*.build.csdef
+
+# Microsoft Azure Emulator
+ecf/
+rcf/
+
+# Windows Store app package directories and files
+AppPackages/
+BundleArtifacts/
+Package.StoreAssociation.xml
+_pkginfo.txt
+
+# Visual Studio cache files
+# files ending in .cache can be ignored
+*.[Cc]ache
+# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
+!*.[Cc]ache/
+
+# Others
+ClientBin/
+~$*
+*~
+*.dbmdl
+*.dbproj.schemaview
+*.jfm
+*.pfx
+*.publishsettings
+orleans.codegen.cs
+
+# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
+#bower_components/
+
+# RIA/Silverlight projects
+Generated_Code/
+
+# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
+# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
+# because we have git ;-)
+_UpgradeReport_Files/
+Backup*/
+UpgradeLog*.XML
+UpgradeLog*.htm
+
+# SQL Server files
+*.mdf
+*.ldf
+*.ndf
+
+# Business Intelligence projects
+*.rdl.data
+*.bim.layout
+*.bim_*.settings
+
+# Microsoft Fakes
+FakesAssemblies/
+
+# GhostDoc plugin setting file
+*.GhostDoc.xml
+
+# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
+.ntvs_analysis.dat
+node_modules/
+
+# Typescript v1 declaration files
+typings/
+
+# Visual Studio 6 build log
+*.plg
+
+# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
+*.opt
+
+# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
+*.vbw
+
+# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
+**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
+**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
+_Pvt_Extensions
+
+# Paket dependency manager
+.paket/paket.exe
+paket-files/
+
+# FAKE - F# Make
+.fake/
+
+# JetBrains Rider
+.idea/
+*.sln.iml
+
+# CodeRush
+.cr/
+
+# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
+# tools/**
+# !tools/packages.config
+
+# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
+*.jmconfig
+
+# BizTalk build output
+*.btp.cs
+*.btm.cs
+*.odx.cs
+*.xsd.cs
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.template.config/template.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/.template.config/template.json
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "http://json.schemastore.org/template",
+    "author": "ppy Pty Ltd",
+    "classifications": [
+        "Console"
+    ],
+    "name": "osu! ruleset (pippidon example)",
+    "identity": "ppy.osu.Game.Templates.Rulesets.Pippidon",
+    "shortName": "ruleset-example",
+    "tags": {
+        "language": "C#",
+        "type": "project"
+    },
+    "sourceName": "Pippidon",
+    "preferNameDirectory": true
+}
+
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "VisualTests (Debug)",
+            "type": "coreclr",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+            ],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
+            "env": {},
+            "console": "internalConsole"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "VisualTests (Release)",
+            "type": "coreclr",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net5.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+            ],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
+            "env": {},
+            "console": "internalConsole"
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/tasks.json
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
+    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "Build (Debug)",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "build",
+                "--no-restore",
+                "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Build (Release)",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "build",
+                "--no-restore",
+                "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
+                "-p:Configuration=Release",
+                "-p:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+                "-m",
+                "-verbosity:m"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Restore",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "dotnet",
+            "args": [
+                "restore"
+            ],
+            "problemMatcher": []
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/TestSceneOsuGame.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/TestSceneOsuGame.cs
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
+{
+    public class TestSceneOsuGame : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(GameHost host, OsuGameBase gameBase)
+        {
+            Children = new Drawable[]
+            {
+                new Box
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Colour = Color4.Black,
+                },
+            };
+
+            AddGame(new OsuGame());
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/TestSceneOsuPlayer.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/TestSceneOsuPlayer.cs
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestSceneOsuPlayer : PlayerTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new PippidonRuleset();
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Tests;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
+{
+    public static class VisualTestRunner
+    {
+        [STAThread]
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableHost(@"osu", true))
+            {
+                host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <StartupObject>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.VisualTestRunner</StartupObject>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="Service">
+    <Service Include="{82a7f48d-3b50-4b1e-b82e-3ada8210c358}" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
+    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />
+    <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="2.1.4" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
+    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.sln
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.sln
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 16
+VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.29123.88
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon", "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj", "{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests", "osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj", "{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+		VisualTests|Any CPU = VisualTests|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.VisualTests|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{5AE1F0F1-DAFA-46E7-959C-DA233B7C87E9}.VisualTests|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.VisualTests|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B4577C85-CB83-462A-BCE3-22FFEB16311D}.VisualTests|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {671B0BEC-2403-45B0-9357-2C97CC517668}
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(MonoDevelopProperties) = preSolution
+		Policies = $0
+		$0.TextStylePolicy = $1
+		$1.EolMarker = Windows
+		$1.inheritsSet = VisualStudio
+		$1.inheritsScope = text/plain
+		$1.scope = text/x-csharp
+		$0.CSharpFormattingPolicy = $2
+		$2.IndentSwitchSection = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInProperties = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAccessors = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousMethods = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInControlBlocks = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInObjectCollectionArrayInitializers = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInLambdaExpressionBody = True
+		$2.NewLineForElse = True
+		$2.NewLineForCatch = True
+		$2.NewLineForFinally = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInObjectInit = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLineForClausesInQuery = True
+		$2.SpacingAfterMethodDeclarationName = False
+		$2.SpaceAfterMethodCallName = False
+		$2.SpaceBeforeOpenSquareBracket = False
+		$2.inheritsSet = Mono
+		$2.inheritsScope = text/x-csharp
+		$2.scope = text/x-csharp
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(MonoDevelopProperties) = preSolution
+		Policies = $0
+		$0.TextStylePolicy = $1
+		$1.EolMarker = Windows
+		$1.inheritsSet = VisualStudio
+		$1.inheritsScope = text/plain
+		$1.scope = text/x-csharp
+		$0.CSharpFormattingPolicy = $2
+		$2.IndentSwitchSection = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInProperties = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAccessors = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousMethods = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInControlBlocks = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInObjectCollectionArrayInitializers = True
+		$2.NewLinesForBracesInLambdaExpressionBody = True
+		$2.NewLineForElse = True
+		$2.NewLineForCatch = True
+		$2.NewLineForFinally = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInObjectInit = True
+		$2.NewLineForMembersInAnonymousTypes = True
+		$2.NewLineForClausesInQuery = True
+		$2.SpacingAfterMethodDeclarationName = False
+		$2.SpaceAfterMethodCallName = False
+		$2.SpaceBeforeOpenSquareBracket = False
+		$2.inheritsSet = Mono
+		$2.inheritsScope = text/x-csharp
+		$2.scope = text/x-csharp
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.sln.DotSettings
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.sln.DotSettings
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Beatmaps/PippidonBeatmapConverter.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Beatmaps/PippidonBeatmapConverter.cs
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Beatmaps
+{
+    public class PippidonBeatmapConverter : BeatmapConverter<PippidonHitObject>
+    {
+        public PippidonBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap, Ruleset ruleset)
+            : base(beatmap, ruleset)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanConvert() => Beatmap.HitObjects.All(h => h is IHasPosition);
+
+        protected override IEnumerable<PippidonHitObject> ConvertHitObject(HitObject original, IBeatmap beatmap, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            yield return new PippidonHitObject
+            {
+                Samples = original.Samples,
+                StartTime = original.StartTime,
+                Position = (original as IHasPosition)?.Position ?? Vector2.Zero,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Mods/PippidonModAutoplay.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Mods/PippidonModAutoplay.cs
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Mods
+{
+    public class PippidonModAutoplay : ModAutoplay
+    {
+        public override Score CreateReplayScore(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods) => new Score
+        {
+            ScoreInfo = new ScoreInfo
+            {
+                User = new APIUser { Username = "sample" },
+            },
+            Replay = new PippidonAutoGenerator(beatmap).Generate(),
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Game.Audio;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects.Drawables
+{
+    public class DrawablePippidonHitObject : DrawableHitObject<PippidonHitObject>
+    {
+        private const double time_preempt = 600;
+        private const double time_fadein = 400;
+
+        public override bool HandlePositionalInput => true;
+
+        public DrawablePippidonHitObject(PippidonHitObject hitObject)
+            : base(hitObject)
+        {
+            Size = new Vector2(80);
+
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+            Position = hitObject.Position;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(TextureStore textures)
+        {
+            AddInternal(new Sprite
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Texture = textures.Get("coin"),
+            });
+        }
+
+        public override IEnumerable<HitSampleInfo> GetSamples() => new[]
+        {
+            new HitSampleInfo(HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL, SampleControlPoint.DEFAULT_BANK)
+        };
+
+        protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
+        {
+            if (timeOffset >= 0)
+                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = IsHovered ? HitResult.Perfect : HitResult.Miss);
+        }
+
+        protected override double InitialLifetimeOffset => time_preempt;
+
+        protected override void UpdateInitialTransforms() => this.FadeInFromZero(time_fadein);
+
+        protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
+        {
+            switch (state)
+            {
+                case ArmedState.Hit:
+                    this.ScaleTo(5, 1500, Easing.OutQuint).FadeOut(1500, Easing.OutQuint).Expire();
+                    break;
+
+                case ArmedState.Miss:
+                    const double duration = 1000;
+
+                    this.ScaleTo(0.8f, duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    this.MoveToOffset(new Vector2(0, 10), duration, Easing.In);
+                    this.FadeColour(Color4.Red.Opacity(0.5f), duration / 2, Easing.OutQuint).Then().FadeOut(duration / 2, Easing.InQuint).Expire();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/PippidonHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/PippidonHitObject.cs
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects
+{
+    public class PippidonHitObject : HitObject, IHasPosition
+    {
+        public override Judgement CreateJudgement() => new Judgement();
+
+        public Vector2 Position { get; set; }
+
+        public float X => Position.X;
+        public float Y => Position.Y;
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonDifficultyCalculator.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonDifficultyCalculator.cs
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
+{
+    public class PippidonDifficultyCalculator : DifficultyCalculator
+    {
+        public PippidonDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
+            : base(ruleset, beatmap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override DifficultyAttributes CreateDifficultyAttributes(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, Skill[] skills, double clockRate)
+        {
+            return new DifficultyAttributes(mods, 0);
+        }
+
+        protected override IEnumerable<DifficultyHitObject> CreateDifficultyHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap, double clockRate) => Enumerable.Empty<DifficultyHitObject>();
+
+        protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => new Skill[0];
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonInputManager.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonInputManager.cs
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
+{
+    public class PippidonInputManager : RulesetInputManager<PippidonAction>
+    {
+        public PippidonInputManager(RulesetInfo ruleset)
+            : base(ruleset, 0, SimultaneousBindingMode.Unique)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum PippidonAction
+    {
+        [Description("Button 1")]
+        Button1,
+
+        [Description("Button 2")]
+        Button2,
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRuleset.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRuleset.cs
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
+{
+    public class PippidonRuleset : Ruleset
+    {
+        public override string Description => "gather the osu!coins";
+
+        public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) =>
+            new DrawablePippidonRuleset(this, beatmap, mods);
+
+        public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) =>
+            new PippidonBeatmapConverter(beatmap, this);
+
+        public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) =>
+            new PippidonDifficultyCalculator(RulesetInfo, beatmap);
+
+        public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type)
+        {
+            switch (type)
+            {
+                case ModType.Automation:
+                    return new[] { new PippidonModAutoplay() };
+
+                default:
+                    return new Mod[] { null };
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ShortName => "pippidon";
+
+        public override IEnumerable<KeyBinding> GetDefaultKeyBindings(int variant = 0) => new[]
+        {
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.Z, PippidonAction.Button1),
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.X, PippidonAction.Button2),
+        };
+
+        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new Sprite
+        {
+            Texture = new TextureStore(new TextureLoaderStore(CreateResourceStore()), false).Get("Textures/coin"),
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonAutoGenerator.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonAutoGenerator.cs
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
+{
+    public class PippidonAutoGenerator : AutoGenerator<PippidonReplayFrame>
+    {
+        public new Beatmap<PippidonHitObject> Beatmap => (Beatmap<PippidonHitObject>)base.Beatmap;
+
+        public PippidonAutoGenerator(IBeatmap beatmap)
+            : base(beatmap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override void GenerateFrames()
+        {
+            Frames.Add(new PippidonReplayFrame());
+
+            foreach (PippidonHitObject hitObject in Beatmap.HitObjects)
+            {
+                Frames.Add(new PippidonReplayFrame
+                {
+                    Time = hitObject.StartTime,
+                    Position = hitObject.Position,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonFramedReplayInputHandler.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonFramedReplayInputHandler.cs
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Input.StateChanges;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
+{
+    public class PippidonFramedReplayInputHandler : FramedReplayInputHandler<PippidonReplayFrame>
+    {
+        public PippidonFramedReplayInputHandler(Replay replay)
+            : base(replay)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override bool IsImportant(PippidonReplayFrame frame) => true;
+
+        public override void CollectPendingInputs(List<IInput> inputs)
+        {
+            var position = Interpolation.ValueAt(CurrentTime, StartFrame.Position, EndFrame.Position, StartFrame.Time, EndFrame.Time);
+
+            inputs.Add(new MousePositionAbsoluteInput
+            {
+                Position = GamefieldToScreenSpace(position)
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonReplayFrame.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Replays/PippidonReplayFrame.cs
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Replays
+{
+    public class PippidonReplayFrame : ReplayFrame
+    {
+        public Vector2 Position;
+    }
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More