updated to latest version with slider calc

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+github: ppy
 custom: https://osu.ppy.sh/home/support

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -79,9 +79,14 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # TODO: Add ignore filters and GitHub Workflow Command Reporting in CFS. That way we don't have to do this workaround.
           # FIXME: Suppress warnings from templates project
-          dotnet codefilesanity | while read -r line; do
-            echo "::warning::$line"
-          done
+          exit_code=0
+          while read -r line; do
+            if [[ ! -z "$line" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::$line"
+              exit_code=1
+            fi
+          done <<< $(dotnet codefilesanity)
+          exit $exit_code
 
       # Temporarily disabled due to test failures, but it won't work anyway until the tool is upgraded.
       # - name: .NET Format (Dry Run)

.github/workflows/diffcalc.yml

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ jobs:
   diffcalc:
     name: Run
     runs-on: self-hosted
+    timeout-minutes: 1440
     if: needs.metadata.outputs.continue == 'yes'
     needs: metadata
     strategy:

osu.Android.props

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@
     <Reference Include="Java.Interop" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2021.918.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2021.924.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2021.1004.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2021.1013.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Transitive Dependencies">
     <!-- Realm needs to be directly referenced in all Xamarin projects, as it will not pull in its transitive dependencies otherwise. -->
-    <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="10.5.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="10.6.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

osu.Desktop/DiscordRichPresence.cs

@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             switch (activity)
             {
                 case UserActivity.InGame game:
-                    return game.Beatmap.ToString();
+                    return game.BeatmapInfo.ToString();
 
                 case UserActivity.Editing edit:
-                    return edit.Beatmap.ToString();
+                    return edit.BeatmapInfo.ToString();
 
                 case UserActivity.InLobby lobby:
                     return privacyMode.Value == DiscordRichPresenceMode.Limited ? string.Empty : lobby.Room.Name.Value;

osu.Desktop/Program.cs

@@ -74,8 +74,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
 
                     // we want to allow multiple instances to be started when in debug.
                     if (!DebugUtils.IsDebugBuild)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log(@"osu! does not support multiple running instances.", LoggingTarget.Runtime, LogLevel.Error);
                         return 0;
                     }
+                }
 
                 if (tournamentClient)
                     host.Run(new TournamentGame());

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/CatchDifficultyCalculatorTest.cs

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
     {
         protected override string ResourceAssembly => "osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch";
 
-        [TestCase(4.050601681491468d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(4.0505463516206195d, "diffcalc-test")]
         public void Test(double expected, string name)
             => base.Test(expected, name);
 
-        [TestCase(5.169743871843191d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(5.1696411260785498d, "diffcalc-test")]
         public void TestClockRateAdjusted(double expected, string name)
             => Test(expected, name, new CatchModDoubleTime());
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Editor/CatchSelectionBlueprintTestScene.cs

@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Editor
 
         protected CatchSelectionBlueprintTestScene()
         {
-            EditorBeatmap = new EditorBeatmap(new CatchBeatmap());
-            EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize = 0;
+            EditorBeatmap = new EditorBeatmap(new CatchBeatmap()) { Difficulty = { CircleSize = 0 } };
             EditorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(0, new TimingControlPoint
             {
                 BeatLength = 100

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Editor/TestSceneBananaShowerPlacementBlueprint.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit.Blueprints;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit.Blueprints.Components;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Editor
         protected override void AddHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)
         {
             // Create nested bananas (but positions are not randomized because beatmap processing is not done).
-            hitObject.HitObject.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+            hitObject.HitObject.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
 
             base.AddHitObject(hitObject);
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Editor/TestSceneJuiceStreamPlacementBlueprint.cs

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit.Blueprints;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables;
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Editor
 
         private JuiceStream lastObject => LastObject?.HitObject as JuiceStream;
 
-        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        protected override IBeatmap GetPlayableBeatmap()
         {
-            Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderTickRate = 5;
-            Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = velocity * 10;
+            var playable = base.GetPlayableBeatmap();
+            playable.Difficulty.SliderTickRate = 5;
+            playable.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = velocity * 10;
+            return playable;
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/Editor/TestSceneJuiceStreamSelectionBlueprint.cs

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Editor
                 X = x,
                 Path = sliderPath,
             };
-            EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = velocity;
+            EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = velocity;
             EditorBeatmap.Add(hitObject);
             EditorBeatmap.Update(hitObject);
             Assert.That(hitObject.Velocity, Is.EqualTo(velocity));

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcher.cs

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
         {
             public IEnumerable<CaughtObject> CaughtObjects => this.ChildrenOfType<CaughtObject>();
 
-            public TestCatcher(DroppedObjectContainer droppedObjectTarget, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+            public TestCatcher(DroppedObjectContainer droppedObjectTarget, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
                 : base(droppedObjectTarget, difficulty)
             {
             }
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
 
         public class TestKiaiFruit : Fruit
         {
-            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
             {
                 controlPointInfo.Add(0, new EffectControlPoint { KiaiMode = true });
                 base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcherArea.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
 
         private ScheduledDelegate addManyFruit;
 
-        private BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty;
+        private IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty;
 
         public TestSceneCatcherArea()
         {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
 
         private class TestCatcherArea : CatcherArea
         {
-            public TestCatcherArea(BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty)
+            public TestCatcherArea(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty)
             {
                 var droppedObjectContainer = new DroppedObjectContainer();
                 Add(droppedObjectContainer);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Beatmaps/CatchBeatmapProcessor.cs

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Beatmaps
 
             palpableObjects.Sort((h1, h2) => h1.StartTime.CompareTo(h2.StartTime));
 
-            double halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty) / 2;
+            double halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.Difficulty) / 2;
 
             // Todo: This is wrong. osu!stable calculated hyperdashes using the full catcher size, excluding the margins.
             // This should theoretically cause impossible scenarios, but practically, likely due to the size of the playfield, it doesn't seem possible.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Difficulty/CatchDifficultyCalculator.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
                 return new CatchDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods, Skills = skills };
 
             // this is the same as osu!, so there's potential to share the implementation... maybe
-            double preempt = BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
+            double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
 
             return new CatchDifficultyAttributes
             {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
 
             // In 2B beatmaps, it is possible that a normal Fruit is placed in the middle of a JuiceStream.
             foreach (var hitObject in beatmap.HitObjects
-                                             .SelectMany(obj => obj is JuiceStream stream ? stream.NestedHitObjects : new[] { obj })
+                                             .SelectMany(obj => obj is JuiceStream stream ? stream.NestedHitObjects.AsEnumerable() : new[] { obj })
                                              .Cast<CatchHitObject>()
                                              .OrderBy(x => x.StartTime))
             {
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Difficulty
 
         protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
         {
-            halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty) * 0.5f;
+            halfCatcherWidth = Catcher.CalculateCatchWidth(beatmap.Difficulty) * 0.5f;
 
             // For circle sizes above 5.5, reduce the catcher width further to simulate imperfect gameplay.
-            halfCatcherWidth *= 1 - (Math.Max(0, beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize - 5.5f) * 0.0625f);
+            halfCatcherWidth *= 1 - (Math.Max(0, beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize - 5.5f) * 0.0625f);
 
             return new Skill[]
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Edit/CatchEditorPlayfield.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit
     public class CatchEditorPlayfield : CatchPlayfield
     {
         // TODO fixme: the size of the catcher is not changed when circle size is changed in setup screen.
-        public CatchEditorPlayfield(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        public CatchEditorPlayfield(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
             : base(difficulty)
         {
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Edit/DrawableCatchEditorRuleset.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Edit
         {
         }
 
-        protected override Playfield CreatePlayfield() => new CatchEditorPlayfield(Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+        protected override Playfield CreatePlayfield() => new CatchEditorPlayfield(Beatmap.Difficulty);
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/CatchHitObject.cs

@@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects
         /// </summary>
         public int RandomSeed => (int)StartTime;
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
-            TimePreempt = (float)BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450);
+            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450);
 
             Scale = (1.0f - 0.7f * (difficulty.CircleSize - 5) / 5) / 2;
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/JuiceStream.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects
         /// </summary>
         public double SpanDuration => Duration / this.SpanCount();
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/CatchPlayfield.cs

@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
 
         internal CatcherArea CatcherArea { get; private set; }
 
-        private readonly BeatmapDifficulty difficulty;
+        private readonly IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty;
 
-        public CatchPlayfield(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        public CatchPlayfield(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             this.difficulty = difficulty;
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/Catcher.cs

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
         private readonly DrawablePool<CaughtBanana> caughtBananaPool;
         private readonly DrawablePool<CaughtDroplet> caughtDropletPool;
 
-        public Catcher([NotNull] DroppedObjectContainer droppedObjectTarget, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty = null)
+        public Catcher([NotNull] DroppedObjectContainer droppedObjectTarget, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty = null)
         {
             this.droppedObjectTarget = droppedObjectTarget;
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
         /// <summary>
         /// Calculates the scale of the catcher based off the provided beatmap difficulty.
         /// </summary>
-        private static Vector2 calculateScale(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty) => new Vector2(1.0f - 0.7f * (difficulty.CircleSize - 5) / 5);
+        private static Vector2 calculateScale(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty) => new Vector2(1.0f - 0.7f * (difficulty.CircleSize - 5) / 5);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Calculates the width of the area used for attempting catches in gameplay.
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
         /// Calculates the width of the area used for attempting catches in gameplay.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="difficulty">The beatmap difficulty.</param>
-        public static float CalculateCatchWidth(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty) => CalculateCatchWidth(calculateScale(difficulty));
+        public static float CalculateCatchWidth(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty) => CalculateCatchWidth(calculateScale(difficulty));
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determine if this catcher can catch a <see cref="CatchHitObject"/> in the current position.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/DrawableCatchRuleset.cs

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
             : base(ruleset, beatmap, mods)
         {
             Direction.Value = ScrollingDirection.Down;
-            TimeRange.Value = BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450);
+            TimeRange.Value = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450);
         }
 
         protected override ReplayInputHandler CreateReplayInputHandler(Replay replay) => new CatchFramedReplayInputHandler(replay);
 
         protected override ReplayRecorder CreateReplayRecorder(Score score) => new CatchReplayRecorder(score, (CatchPlayfield)Playfield);
 
-        protected override Playfield CreatePlayfield() => new CatchPlayfield(Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+        protected override Playfield CreatePlayfield() => new CatchPlayfield(Beatmap.Difficulty);
 
         public override PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer CreatePlayfieldAdjustmentContainer() => new CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/ManiaBeatmapConverter.cs

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps
         {
             IsForCurrentRuleset = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.Ruleset.Equals(ruleset.RulesetInfo);
 
-            var roundedCircleSize = Math.Round(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize);
-            var roundedOverallDifficulty = Math.Round(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            var roundedCircleSize = Math.Round(beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize);
+            var roundedOverallDifficulty = Math.Round(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             if (IsForCurrentRuleset)
             {
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps
             originalTargetColumns = TargetColumns;
         }
 
-        public static int GetColumnCountForNonConvert(BeatmapInfo beatmap)
+        public static int GetColumnCountForNonConvert(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
         {
-            var roundedCircleSize = Math.Round(beatmap.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize);
+            var roundedCircleSize = Math.Round(beatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize);
             return (int)Math.Max(1, roundedCircleSize);
         }
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps
 
         protected override Beatmap<ManiaHitObject> ConvertBeatmap(IBeatmap original, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            BeatmapDifficulty difficulty = original.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty;
+            IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty = original.Difficulty;
 
             int seed = (int)MathF.Round(difficulty.DrainRate + difficulty.CircleSize) * 20 + (int)(difficulty.OverallDifficulty * 41.2) + (int)MathF.Round(difficulty.ApproachRate);
             Random = new FastRandom(seed);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/Patterns/Legacy/DistanceObjectPatternGenerator.cs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps.Patterns.Legacy
             StartTime = (int)Math.Round(hitObject.StartTime);
 
             // This matches stable's calculation.
-            EndTime = (int)Math.Floor(StartTime + distanceData.Distance * beatLength * SpanCount * 0.01 / beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier);
+            EndTime = (int)Math.Floor(StartTime + distanceData.Distance * beatLength * SpanCount * 0.01 / beatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier);
 
             SegmentDuration = (EndTime - StartTime) / SpanCount;
         }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/Patterns/Legacy/PatternGenerator.cs

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps.Patterns.Legacy
                 if (drainTime == 0)
                     drainTime = 10000;
 
-                BeatmapDifficulty difficulty = OriginalBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty;
+                IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty = OriginalBeatmap.Difficulty;
                 conversionDifficulty = ((difficulty.DrainRate + Math.Clamp(difficulty.ApproachRate, 4, 7)) / 1.5 + (double)OriginalBeatmap.HitObjects.Count / drainTime * 9f) / 38f * 5f / 1.15;
                 conversionDifficulty = Math.Min(conversionDifficulty.Value, 12);
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps.Patterns.Legacy
         {
             lowerBound ??= RandomStart;
             upperBound ??= TotalColumns;
-            nextColumn ??= (_ => GetRandomColumn(lowerBound, upperBound));
+            nextColumn ??= _ => GetRandomColumn(lowerBound, upperBound);
 
             // Check for the initial column
             if (isValid(initialColumn))
@@ -176,7 +176,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps.Patterns.Legacy
 
             return initialColumn;
 
-            bool isValid(int column) => validation?.Invoke(column) != false && !patterns.Any(p => p.ColumnHasObject(column));
+            bool isValid(int column)
+            {
+                if (validation?.Invoke(column) == false)
+                    return false;
+
+                foreach (var p in patterns)
+                {
+                    if (p.ColumnHasObject(column))
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Beatmaps/Patterns/Pattern.cs

@@ -12,46 +12,68 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps.Patterns
     /// </summary>
     internal class Pattern
     {
-        private readonly List<ManiaHitObject> hitObjects = new List<ManiaHitObject>();
+        private List<ManiaHitObject> hitObjects;
+        private HashSet<int> containedColumns;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// All the hit objects contained in this pattern.
         /// </summary>
-        public IEnumerable<ManiaHitObject> HitObjects => hitObjects;
+        public IEnumerable<ManiaHitObject> HitObjects => hitObjects ?? Enumerable.Empty<ManiaHitObject>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Check whether a column of this patterns contains a hit object.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="column">The column index.</param>
         /// <returns>Whether the column with index <paramref name="column"/> contains a hit object.</returns>
-        public bool ColumnHasObject(int column) => hitObjects.Exists(h => h.Column == column);
+        public bool ColumnHasObject(int column) => containedColumns?.Contains(column) == true;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Amount of columns taken up by hit objects in this pattern.
         /// </summary>
-        public int ColumnWithObjects => HitObjects.GroupBy(h => h.Column).Count();
+        public int ColumnWithObjects => containedColumns?.Count ?? 0;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Adds a hit object to this pattern.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="hitObject">The hit object to add.</param>
-        public void Add(ManiaHitObject hitObject) => hitObjects.Add(hitObject);
+        public void Add(ManiaHitObject hitObject)
+        {
+            prepareStorage();
+
+            hitObjects.Add(hitObject);
+            containedColumns.Add(hitObject.Column);
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Copies hit object from another pattern to this one.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="other">The other pattern.</param>
-        public void Add(Pattern other) => hitObjects.AddRange(other.HitObjects);
+        public void Add(Pattern other)
+        {
+            prepareStorage();
+
+            if (other.hitObjects != null)
+            {
+                hitObjects.AddRange(other.hitObjects);
+
+                foreach (var h in other.hitObjects)
+                    containedColumns.Add(h.Column);
+            }
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Clears this pattern, removing all hit objects.
         /// </summary>
-        public void Clear() => hitObjects.Clear();
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            hitObjects?.Clear();
+            containedColumns?.Clear();
+        }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Removes a hit object from this pattern.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="hitObject">The hit object to remove.</param>
-        public bool Remove(ManiaHitObject hitObject) => hitObjects.Remove(hitObject);
+        private void prepareStorage()
+        {
+            hitObjects ??= new List<ManiaHitObject>();
+            containedColumns ??= new HashSet<int>();
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Difficulty/ManiaDifficultyCalculator.cs

@@ -41,15 +41,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
                 return new ManiaDifficultyAttributes { Mods = mods, Skills = skills };
 
             HitWindows hitWindows = new ManiaHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             return new ManiaDifficultyAttributes
             {
                 StarRating = skills[0].DifficultyValue() * star_scaling_factor,
                 Mods = mods,
-                // Todo: This int cast is temporary to achieve 1:1 results with osu!stable, and should be removed in the future
-                GreatHitWindow = (int)Math.Ceiling(getHitWindow300(mods) / clockRate),
-                ScoreMultiplier = getScoreMultiplier(beatmap, mods),
+                GreatHitWindow = Math.Ceiling(getHitWindow300(mods) / clockRate),
+                ScoreMultiplier = getScoreMultiplier(mods),
                 MaxCombo = beatmap.HitObjects.Sum(h => h is HoldNote ? 2 : 1),
                 Skills = skills
             };
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
 
         protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate) => new Skill[]
         {
-            new Strain(mods, ((ManiaBeatmap)beatmap).TotalColumns)
+            new Strain(mods, ((ManiaBeatmap)Beatmap).TotalColumns)
         };
 
         protected override Mod[] DifficultyAdjustmentMods
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
             }
         }
 
-        private double getScoreMultiplier(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods)
+        private double getScoreMultiplier(Mod[] mods)
         {
             double scoreMultiplier = 1;
 
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
                 }
             }
 
-            var maniaBeatmap = (ManiaBeatmap)beatmap;
+            var maniaBeatmap = (ManiaBeatmap)Beatmap;
             int diff = maniaBeatmap.TotalColumns - maniaBeatmap.OriginalTotalColumns;
 
             if (diff > 0)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaFilterCriteria.cs

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
     {
         private FilterCriteria.OptionalRange<float> keys;
 
-        public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmap)
+        public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
         {
-            return !keys.HasFilter || (beatmap.RulesetID == new ManiaRuleset().LegacyID && keys.IsInRange(ManiaBeatmapConverter.GetColumnCountForNonConvert(beatmap)));
+            return !keys.HasFilter || (beatmapInfo.RulesetID == new ManiaRuleset().LegacyID && keys.IsInRange(ManiaBeatmapConverter.GetColumnCountForNonConvert(beatmapInfo)));
         }
 
         public bool TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria(string key, Operator op, string value)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/HoldNote.cs

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects
         /// </summary>
         private double tickSpacing = 50;
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             {
                 // Mania doesn't care about global velocity
                 p.Velocity = 1;
-                p.BaseBeatLength *= Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier;
+                p.BaseBeatLength *= Beatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier;
 
                 // For non-mania beatmap, speed changes should only happen through timing points
                 if (!isForCurrentRuleset)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/Checks/CheckTooShortSpinnersTest.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor.Checks
     public class CheckTooShortSpinnersTest
     {
         private CheckTooShortSpinners check;
-        private BeatmapDifficulty difficulty;
+        private IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty;
 
         [SetUp]
         public void Setup()
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor.Checks
             assertTooShort(new List<HitObject> { spinnerHighOd }, difficultyHighOd);
         }
 
-        private void assertOk(List<HitObject> hitObjects, BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty)
+        private void assertOk(List<HitObject> hitObjects, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty)
         {
             Assert.That(check.Run(getContext(hitObjects, beatmapDifficulty)), Is.Empty);
         }
 
-        private void assertVeryShort(List<HitObject> hitObjects, BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty)
+        private void assertVeryShort(List<HitObject> hitObjects, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty)
         {
             var issues = check.Run(getContext(hitObjects, beatmapDifficulty)).ToList();
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor.Checks
             Assert.That(issues.First().Template is CheckTooShortSpinners.IssueTemplateVeryShort);
         }
 
-        private void assertTooShort(List<HitObject> hitObjects, BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty)
+        private void assertTooShort(List<HitObject> hitObjects, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty)
         {
             var issues = check.Run(getContext(hitObjects, beatmapDifficulty)).ToList();
 
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor.Checks
             Assert.That(issues.First().Template is CheckTooShortSpinners.IssueTemplateTooShort);
         }
 
-        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(List<HitObject> hitObjects, BeatmapDifficulty beatmapDifficulty)
+        private BeatmapVerifierContext getContext(List<HitObject> hitObjects, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo beatmapDifficulty)
         {
             var beatmap = new Beatmap<HitObject>
             {
                 HitObjects = hitObjects,
-                BeatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { BaseDifficulty = beatmapDifficulty }
+                BeatmapInfo = new BeatmapInfo { BaseDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(beatmapDifficulty) }
             };
 
             return new BeatmapVerifierContext(beatmap, new TestWorkingBeatmap(beatmap));

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneOsuDistanceSnapGrid.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
         [SetUp]
         public void Setup() => Schedule(() =>
         {
-            editorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 1;
+            editorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 1;
             editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Clear();
             editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(0, new TimingControlPoint { BeatLength = beat_length });
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModAutoplay.cs

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
                     {
                         new Spinner
                         {
-                            Duration = 2000,
-                            Position = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2
+                            Duration = 6000,
+                            Position = OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2,
                         }
                     }
                 },

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModHidden.cs

@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         private bool checkSomeHit() => Player.ScoreProcessor.JudgedHits >= 4;
 
         private bool objectWithIncreasedVisibilityHasIndex(int index)
-            => Player.Mods.Value.OfType<TestOsuModHidden>().Single().FirstObject == Player.ChildrenOfType<GameplayBeatmap>().Single().HitObjects[index];
+            => Player.GameplayState.Mods.OfType<TestOsuModHidden>().Single().FirstObject == Player.GameplayState.Beatmap.HitObjects[index];
 
         private class TestOsuModHidden : OsuModHidden
         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuDifficultyCalculatorTest.cs

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
     {
         protected override string ResourceAssembly => "osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu";
 
-        [TestCase(6.6634445062299665d, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(1.0414203870195022d, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(6.5867229481955389d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(1.0416315570967911d, "zero-length-sliders")]
         public void Test(double expected, string name)
             => base.Test(expected, name);
 
-        [TestCase(8.3858089051603368d, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(1.2723279173428435d, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(8.2730989071947896d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(1.2726413186221039d, "zero-length-sliders")]
         public void TestClockRateAdjusted(double expected, string name)
             => Test(expected, name, new OsuModDoubleTime());
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Resources/special-skin/skin.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[General]
+Version: latest
+HitCircleOverlayAboveNumber: 0

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneAccuracyHeatmap.cs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 {
                     Position = new Vector2(100, 300),
                 },
-                accuracyHeatmap = new TestAccuracyHeatmap(new ScoreInfo { Beatmap = new TestBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo).BeatmapInfo })
+                accuracyHeatmap = new TestAccuracyHeatmap(new ScoreInfo { BeatmapInfo = new TestBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo).BeatmapInfo })
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneGameplayCursor.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Testing.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
     public class TestSceneGameplayCursor : OsuSkinnableTestScene
     {
         [Cached]
-        private GameplayBeatmap gameplayBeatmap;
+        private GameplayState gameplayState;
 
         private OsuCursorContainer lastContainer;
 
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         public TestSceneGameplayCursor()
         {
-            gameplayBeatmap = new GameplayBeatmap(CreateBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo));
+            var ruleset = new OsuRuleset();
+            gameplayState = new GameplayState(CreateBeatmap(ruleset.RulesetInfo), ruleset, Array.Empty<Mod>());
 
             AddStep("change background colour", () =>
             {
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddSliderStep("circle size", 0f, 10f, 0f, val =>
             {
                 config.SetValue(OsuSetting.AutoCursorSize, true);
-                gameplayBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize = val;
+                gameplayState.Beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize = val;
                 Scheduler.AddOnce(() => loadContent(false));
             });
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         public void TestSizing(int circleSize, float userScale)
         {
             AddStep($"set user scale to {userScale}", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.GameplayCursorSize, userScale));
-            AddStep($"adjust cs to {circleSize}", () => gameplayBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize = circleSize);
+            AddStep($"adjust cs to {circleSize}", () => gameplayState.Beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize = circleSize);
             AddStep("turn on autosizing", () => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.AutoCursorSize, true));
 
             AddStep("load content", () => loadContent());

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneMissHitWindowJudgements.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             };
 
             var hitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             };
 
             var hitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneObjectOrderedHitPolicy.cs

@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 Beatmap.Value = CreateWorkingBeatmap(new Beatmap<OsuHitObject>
                 {
                     HitObjects = hitObjects,
+                    Difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { SliderTickRate = 3 },
                     BeatmapInfo =
                     {
-                        BaseDifficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty { SliderTickRate = 3 },
                         Ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo
                     },
                 });
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         private class TestSpinner : Spinner
         {
-            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
             {
                 base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
                 SpinsRequired = 1;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 {
     public class TestSceneSpinnerRotation : TestSceneOsuPlayer
     {
+        private const double spinner_start_time = 100;
+        private const double spinner_duration = 6000;
+
         [Resolved]
         private AudioManager audioManager { get; set; }
 
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             double finalTrackerRotation = 0, trackerRotationTolerance = 0;
             double finalSpinnerSymbolRotation = 0, spinnerSymbolRotationTolerance = 0;
 
-            addSeekStep(5000);
+            addSeekStep(spinner_start_time + 5000);
             AddStep("retrieve disc rotation", () =>
             {
                 finalTrackerRotation = drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation;
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             });
             AddStep("retrieve cumulative disc rotation", () => finalCumulativeTrackerRotation = drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation);
 
-            addSeekStep(2500);
+            addSeekStep(spinner_start_time + 2500);
             AddAssert("disc rotation rewound",
                 // we want to make sure that the rotation at time 2500 is in the same direction as at time 5000, but about half-way in.
                 // due to the exponential damping applied we're allowing a larger margin of error of about 10%
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 // cumulative rotation is not damped, so we're treating it as the "ground truth" and allowing a comparatively smaller margin of error.
                 () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, finalCumulativeTrackerRotation / 2, 100));
 
-            addSeekStep(5000);
+            addSeekStep(spinner_start_time + 5000);
             AddAssert("is disc rotation almost same",
                 () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, finalTrackerRotation, trackerRotationTolerance));
             AddAssert("is symbol rotation almost same",
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [Test]
         public void TestSpinnerNormalBonusRewinding()
         {
-            addSeekStep(1000);
+            addSeekStep(spinner_start_time + 1000);
 
             AddAssert("player score matching expected bonus score", () =>
             {
@@ -201,24 +204,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddAssert("spm almost same", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(expectedSpm, drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, 2.0));
         }
 
-        private Replay applyRateAdjustment(Replay scoreReplay, double rate) => new Replay
-        {
-            Frames = scoreReplay
-                     .Frames
-                     .Cast<OsuReplayFrame>()
-                     .Select(replayFrame =>
-                     {
-                         var adjustedTime = replayFrame.Time * rate;
-                         return new OsuReplayFrame(adjustedTime, replayFrame.Position, replayFrame.Actions.ToArray());
-                     })
-                     .Cast<ReplayFrame>()
-                     .ToList()
-        };
-
         private void addSeekStep(double time)
         {
             AddStep($"seek to {time}", () => Player.GameplayClockContainer.Seek(time));
-
             AddUntilStep("wait for seek to finish", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(time, Player.DrawableRuleset.FrameStableClock.CurrentTime, 100));
         }
 
@@ -241,7 +229,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 new Spinner
                 {
                     Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
-                    EndTime = 6000,
+                    StartTime = spinner_start_time,
+                    Duration = spinner_duration
                 },
             }
         };

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneStartTimeOrderedHitPolicy.cs

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
         private class TestSpinner : Spinner
         {
-            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+            protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
             {
                 base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
                 SpinsRequired = 1;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyAttributes.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
         public double FlashlightRating { get; set; }
         public double ApproachRate { get; set; }
         public double OverallDifficulty { get; set; }
+        public double DrainRate { get; set; }
         public int HitCircleCount { get; set; }
         public int SpinnerCount { get; set; }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             double speedRating = Math.Sqrt(skills[1].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
             double flashlightRating = Math.Sqrt(skills[2].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
 
+            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+                speedRating = 0.0;
+
             double baseAimPerformance = Math.Pow(5 * Math.Max(1, aimRating / 0.0675) - 4, 3) / 100000;
             double baseSpeedPerformance = Math.Pow(5 * Math.Max(1, speedRating / 0.0675) - 4, 3) / 100000;
             double baseFlashlightPerformance = 0.0;
@@ -53,7 +56,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
             double starRating = basePerformance > 0.00001 ? Math.Cbrt(1.12) * 0.027 * (Math.Cbrt(100000 / Math.Pow(2, 1 / 1.1) * basePerformance) + 4) : 0;
 
-            double preempt = (int)BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
+            double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
+            double drainRate = beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate;
 
             int maxCombo = beatmap.HitObjects.Count;
             // Add the ticks + tail of the slider. 1 is subtracted because the head circle would be counted twice (once for the slider itself in the line above)
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                 FlashlightRating = flashlightRating,
                 ApproachRate = preempt > 1200 ? (1800 - preempt) / 120 : (1200 - preempt) / 150 + 5,
                 OverallDifficulty = (80 - hitWindowGreat) / 6,
+                DrainRate = drainRate,
                 MaxCombo = maxCombo,
                 HitCircleCount = hitCirclesCount,
                 SpinnerCount = spinnerCount,
@@ -95,10 +100,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
         protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
         {
             HitWindows hitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
-            // Todo: These int casts are temporary to achieve 1:1 results with osu!stable, and should be removed in the future
-            hitWindowGreat = (int)(hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great)) / clockRate;
+            hitWindowGreat = hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate;
 
             return new Skill[]
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuPerformanceCalculator.cs

@@ -40,15 +40,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             countMeh = Score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Meh);
             countMiss = Score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss);
 
-            // Custom multipliers for NoFail and SpunOut.
             double multiplier = 1.12; // This is being adjusted to keep the final pp value scaled around what it used to be when changing things.
 
+            // Custom multipliers for NoFail and SpunOut.
             if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModNoFail))
                 multiplier *= Math.Max(0.90, 1.0 - 0.02 * countMiss);
 
             if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModSpunOut))
                 multiplier *= 1.0 - Math.Pow((double)Attributes.SpinnerCount / totalHits, 0.85);
 
+            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+            {
+                countMiss += countOk + countMeh;
+                multiplier *= 0.6;
+            }
+
             double aimValue = computeAimValue();
             double speedValue = computeSpeedValue();
             double accuracyValue = computeAccuracyValue();
@@ -108,14 +114,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
             double approachRateBonus = 1.0 + (0.03 + 0.37 * approachRateTotalHitsFactor) * approachRateFactor;
 
+            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
+                aimValue *= 1.3 + (totalHits * (0.0016 / (1 + 2 * countMiss)) * Math.Pow(accuracy, 16)) * (1 - 0.003 * Attributes.DrainRate * Attributes.DrainRate);
+            else if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModHidden))
+            {
                 // We want to give more reward for lower AR when it comes to aim and HD. This nerfs high AR and buffs lower AR.
-            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModHidden))
                 aimValue *= 1.0 + 0.04 * (12.0 - Attributes.ApproachRate);
+            }
 
             aimValue *= approachRateBonus;
 
-            // Scale the aim value with accuracy _slightly_.
-            aimValue *= 0.5 + accuracy / 2.0;
+            // Scale the aim value with accuracy
+            aimValue *= accuracy;
             // It is important to also consider accuracy difficulty when doing that.
             aimValue *= 0.98 + Math.Pow(Attributes.OverallDifficulty, 2) / 2500;
 
@@ -147,11 +157,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
             speedValue *= 1.0 + (0.03 + 0.37 * approachRateTotalHitsFactor) * approachRateFactor;
 
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
+            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
+            {
+                // Increasing the speed value by object count for Blinds isn't ideal, so the minimum buff is given.
+                speedValue *= 1.12;
+            }
+            else if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
+            {
+                // We want to give more reward for lower AR when it comes to aim and HD. This nerfs high AR and buffs lower AR.
                 speedValue *= 1.0 + 0.04 * (12.0 - Attributes.ApproachRate);
+            }
 
             // Scale the speed value with accuracy and OD.
             speedValue *= (0.95 + Math.Pow(Attributes.OverallDifficulty, 2) / 750) * Math.Pow(accuracy, (14.5 - Math.Max(Attributes.OverallDifficulty, 8)) / 2);
+
             // Scale the speed value with # of 50s to punish doubletapping.
             speedValue *= Math.Pow(0.98, countMeh < totalHits / 500.0 ? 0 : countMeh - totalHits / 500.0);
 
@@ -160,6 +179,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
         private double computeAccuracyValue()
         {
+            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+                return 0.0;
+
             // This percentage only considers HitCircles of any value - in this part of the calculation we focus on hitting the timing hit window.
             double betterAccuracyPercentage;
             int amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy = Attributes.HitCircleCount;
@@ -180,8 +202,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             // Bonus for many hitcircles - it's harder to keep good accuracy up for longer.
             accuracyValue *= Math.Min(1.15, Math.Pow(amountHitObjectsWithAccuracy / 1000.0, 0.3));
 
-            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
+            // Increasing the accuracy value by object count for Blinds isn't ideal, so the minimum buff is given.
+            if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModBlinds))
+                accuracyValue *= 1.14;
+            else if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModHidden))
                 accuracyValue *= 1.08;
+
             if (mods.Any(m => m is OsuModFlashlight))
                 accuracyValue *= 1.02;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs

@@ -22,25 +22,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
         public double JumpDistance { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Normalized Vector from the end position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the start position of this <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
+        /// Minimum distance from the end position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the start position of this <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public Vector2 JumpVector { get; private set; }
+        public double MovementDistance { get; private set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
+        /// <summary>JumpTravel
         /// Normalized distance between the start and end position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public double TravelDistance { get; private set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Normalized Vector from the start position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the end position of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Vector2 TravelVector { get; private set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Milliseconds elapsed since the start time of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>, with a minimum of 50ms.
-        /// </summary>
-        public readonly double TravelTime;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Angle the player has to take to hit this <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
         /// Calculated as the angle between the circles (current-2, current-1, current).
@@ -48,7 +38,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
         public double? Angle { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Milliseconds elapsed since the start time of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>, with a minimum of 50ms.
+        /// Milliseconds elapsed since the end time of the Previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>, with a minimum of 25ms.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double MovementTime { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Milliseconds elapsed since from the start time of the Previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/> to the end time of the same Previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>, with a minimum of 25ms.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double TravelTime { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Milliseconds elapsed since the start time of the previous <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>, with a minimum of 25ms.
         /// </summary>
         public readonly double StrainTime;
 
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
             this.lastLastObject = (OsuHitObject)lastLastObject;
             this.lastObject = (OsuHitObject)lastObject;
 
-            setDistances();
-
             // Capped to 25ms to prevent difficulty calculation breaking from simulatenous objects.
             StrainTime = Math.Max(DeltaTime, 25);
+
+            setDistances(clockRate);
         }
 
-        private void setDistances()
+        private void setDistances(double clockRate)
         {
             // We will scale distances by this factor, so we can assume a uniform CircleSize among beatmaps.
             float scalingFactor = normalized_radius / (float)BaseObject.Radius;
@@ -81,9 +81,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
             if (lastObject is Slider lastSlider)
             {
                 computeSliderCursorPosition(lastSlider);
-
-                TravelVector = Vector2.Multiply(Vector2.Subtract(lastSlider.TailCircle.Position, lastSlider.HeadCircle.Position), scalingFactor);
                 TravelDistance = lastSlider.LazyTravelDistance * scalingFactor;
+                TravelTime = Math.Max(lastSlider.LazyTravelTime / clockRate, 0);
+                MovementTime = Math.Max(StrainTime - TravelTime, 0);
+                MovementDistance = Math.Max(0, Vector2.Subtract(lastSlider.TailCircle.StackedPosition, BaseObject.StackedPosition).Length - 0) * scalingFactor;
             }
 
             Vector2 lastCursorPosition = getEndCursorPosition(lastObject);
@@ -91,8 +92,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
             // Don't need to jump to reach spinners
             if (!(BaseObject is Spinner))
             {
-                JumpVector = (BaseObject.StackedPosition * scalingFactor - lastCursorPosition * scalingFactor);
-                JumpDistance = JumpVector.Length;
+                JumpDistance = (BaseObject.StackedPosition * scalingFactor - lastCursorPosition * scalingFactor).Length;
+                MovementDistance = Math.Min(JumpDistance, MovementDistance);
             }
 
             if (lastLastObject != null)
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
                 var diff = slider.StackedPosition + slider.Path.PositionAt(progress) - slider.LazyEndPosition.Value;
                 float dist = diff.Length;
 
+                slider.LazyTravelTime = t - slider.StartTime;
+
                 if (dist > approxFollowCircleRadius)
                 {
                     // The cursor would be outside the follow circle, we need to move it

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/Aim.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
-using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 {
@@ -23,15 +22,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 
         protected override int HistoryLength => 2;
 
-        protected override double SkillMultiplier => 24.75;
-        protected override double StrainDecayBase => 0.15;
+        private const double wide_angle_multiplier = 1.5;
+        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 2.0;
+        private const double slider_multiplier = 2.75;
 
-        private const double wide_angle_multiplier = 1.0;
-        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 1.0;
-        private const double rhythm_variance_multiplier = 1.0;
-        private const double slider_multiplier = 4.25;
+        private double currentStrain = 1;
 
-        protected override double StrainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        private double skillMultiplier => 23.25;
+        private double strainDecayBase => 0.15;
+
+        private double strainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
         {
             if (current.BaseObject is Spinner || Previous.Count <= 1)
                 return 0;
@@ -40,82 +40,84 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
             var osuPrevObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[0];
             var osuLastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[1];
 
-            var currVector = Vector2.Divide(osuCurrObj.JumpVector, (float)osuCurrObj.StrainTime);
-            var prevVector = Vector2.Divide(osuPrevObj.JumpVector, (float)osuPrevObj.StrainTime);
+            double currVelocity = osuCurrObj.JumpDistance / osuCurrObj.StrainTime; // Start iwth the base distance / time
 
-            // Start with regular velocity.
-            double aimStrain = currVector.Length;
+            if (osuPrevObj.BaseObject is Slider) // If object is a slider
+            {
+                double movementVelocity = osuCurrObj.MovementDistance / osuCurrObj.MovementTime; // calculate the movement velocity from slider end to next note
+                double travelVelocity = osuCurrObj.TravelDistance / osuCurrObj.TravelTime; // calculate the slider velocity from slider head to lazy end.
 
-            if (Precision.AlmostEquals(osuCurrObj.StrainTime, osuPrevObj.StrainTime, 10)) // Rhythms are the same.
+                currVelocity = Math.Max(currVelocity, movementVelocity + travelVelocity); // take the larger total combined velocity.
+            }
+
+            double prevVelocity = osuPrevObj.JumpDistance / osuPrevObj.StrainTime; // do the same for the previous velocity.
+
+            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider)
             {
-                if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null)
+                double movementVelocity = osuPrevObj.MovementDistance / osuPrevObj.MovementTime;
+                double travelVelocity = osuPrevObj.TravelDistance / osuPrevObj.TravelTime;
+
+                prevVelocity = Math.Max(prevVelocity, movementVelocity + travelVelocity);
+            }
+
+            double angleBonus = 0;
+
+            double aimStrain = currVelocity; // Start strain with regular velocity.
+
+            if (Precision.AlmostEquals(osuCurrObj.StrainTime, osuPrevObj.StrainTime, 10)) // If rhythms are the same.
             {
-                    double angle = osuCurrObj.Angle.Value;
+                if (osuCurrObj.Angle != null && osuPrevObj.Angle != null)
+                {
+                    double currAngle = osuCurrObj.Angle.Value;
+                    double prevAngle = osuPrevObj.Angle.Value;
 
                     // Rewarding angles, take the smaller velocity as base.
-                    double angleBonus = Math.Min(currVector.Length, prevVector.Length);
+                    angleBonus = Math.Min(currVelocity, prevVelocity);
 
-                    double wideAngleBonus = calcWideAngleBonus(angle);
-                    double acuteAngleBonus = calcAcuteAngleBonus(angle);
+                    double wideAngleBonus = calcWideAngleBonus(currAngle);
+                    double acuteAngleBonus = calcAcuteAngleBonus(currAngle);
 
-                    if (osuCurrObj.StrainTime > 100)
+                    if (osuCurrObj.StrainTime > 100) // Only buff deltaTime exceeding 300 bpm 1/2.
                         acuteAngleBonus = 0;
                     else
-                    {
-                        acuteAngleBonus *= Math.Min(2, Math.Pow((100 - osuCurrObj.StrainTime) / 15, 1.5));
-                        wideAngleBonus *= Math.Pow(osuCurrObj.StrainTime / 100, 6);
+                        acuteAngleBonus *= calcAcuteAngleBonus(prevAngle) // Multiply by previous angle, we don't want to buff unless this is a wiggle type pattern.
+                                            * Math.Min(angleBonus, 125 / osuCurrObj.StrainTime) // The maximum velocity we buff is equal to 125 / strainTime
+                                            * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(Math.PI / 2 * Math.Min(1, (100 - osuCurrObj.StrainTime) / 25)), 2) // scale buff from 150 bpm 1/4 to 200 bpm 1/4
+                                            * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(Math.PI / 2 * (Math.Min(100, osuCurrObj.JumpDistance) - 50) / 50), 2); // Buff distance exceeding 50 (radius) up to 100 (diameter).
+
+                    wideAngleBonus *= angleBonus * (1 - Math.Pow(calcWideAngleBonus(prevAngle), 3)); // Penalize wide angles if they're repeated, reducing the penalty as the prevAngle gets more acute.
+
+                    angleBonus = acuteAngleBonus * acute_angle_multiplier + wideAngleBonus * wide_angle_multiplier; // add the anglebuffs together.
                 }
-
-                    if (acuteAngleBonus > wideAngleBonus)
-                        angleBonus = Math.Min(angleBonus, 150 / osuCurrObj.StrainTime) * Math.Min(1, Math.Pow(Math.Min(osuCurrObj.JumpDistance, osuPrevObj.JumpDistance) / 150, 2));
-
-                    angleBonus *= Math.Max(acuteAngleBonus * acute_angle_multiplier, wideAngleBonus * wide_angle_multiplier);
-
-                    // add in angle velocity.
-                    aimStrain += angleBonus;
-                }
-            }
-            else // There is a rhythm change
-            {
-                // Rewarding rhythm, take the smaller velocity as base.
-                double rhythmBonus = Math.Min(currVector.Length, prevVector.Length);
-
-                if (osuCurrObj.StrainTime + 10 < osuPrevObj.StrainTime && osuPrevObj.StrainTime > osuLastObj.StrainTime + 10)
-                    // Don't want to reward for a rhythm change back to back (unless its a double, which is why this only checks for fast -> slow -> fast).
-                    rhythmBonus = 0;
-
-                aimStrain += rhythmBonus * rhythm_variance_multiplier; // add in rhythm velocity.
             }
 
             if (osuCurrObj.TravelDistance != 0)
             {
-                double sliderBonus = (Math.Max(0, Vector2.Subtract(osuCurrObj.TravelVector, osuCurrObj.JumpVector).Length - osuCurrObj.JumpDistance) + osuCurrObj.TravelDistance) / osuCurrObj.StrainTime;
-
-                // Add in slider velocity.
-                aimStrain += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier;
+                sliderBonus = osuCurrObj.TravelDistance / osuCurrObj.TravelTime; // add some slider rewards
             }
 
+            aimStrain += angleBonus; // Add in angle bonus.
+            aimStrain += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier; // Add in additional slider velocity.
+
             return aimStrain;
         }
 
-        private double calcWideAngleBonus(double angle)
+        private double calcWideAngleBonus(double angle) => Math.Pow(Math.Sin(3.0 / 4 * (Math.Min(5.0 / 6 * Math.PI, Math.Max(Math.PI / 6, angle)) - Math.PI / 6)), 2);
+
+        private double calcAcuteAngleBonus(double angle) => 1 - calcWideAngleBonus(angle);
+
+        private double applyDiminishingExp(double val) => Math.Pow(val, 0.99);
+
+        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);
+
+        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time) => currentStrain * strainDecay(time - Previous[0].StartTime);
+
+        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
         {
-            if (angle < Math.PI / 3)
-                return 0;
-            if (angle < 2 * Math.PI / 3)
-                return Math.Pow(Math.Sin(1.5 * (angle - Math.PI / 3)), 2);
+            currentStrain *= strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
+            currentStrain += strainValueOf(current) * skillMultiplier;
 
-            return 0.25 + 0.75 * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(1.5 * (Math.PI - angle)), 2);
-        }
-
-        private double calcAcuteAngleBonus(double angle)
-        {
-            if (angle < Math.PI / 3)
-                return 0.5 + 0.5 * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(1.5 * angle), 2);
-            if (angle < 2 * Math.PI / 3)
-                return Math.Pow(Math.Sin(1.5 * (2 * Math.PI / 3 - angle)), 2);
-
-            return 0;
+            return currentStrain;
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/Flashlight.cs

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
         {
         }
 
-        protected override double SkillMultiplier => 0.15;
-        protected override double StrainDecayBase => 0.15;
+        private double skillMultiplier => 0.15;
+        private double strainDecayBase => 0.15;
         protected override double DecayWeight => 1.0;
         protected override int HistoryLength => 10; // Look back for 10 notes is added for the sake of flashlight calculations.
+        private double currentStrain = 1;
 
-        protected override double StrainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        private double strainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
         {
             if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
                 return 0;
@@ -62,5 +63,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 
             return Math.Pow(smallDistNerf * result, 2.0);
         }
+
+        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);
+
+        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time) => currentStrain * strainDecay(time - Previous[0].StartTime);
+
+        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            currentStrain *= strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
+            currentStrain += strainValueOf(current) * skillMultiplier;
+
+            return currentStrain;
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/OsuStrainSkill.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 {
-    public abstract class OsuStrainSkill : StrainDecaySkill
+    public abstract class OsuStrainSkill : StrainSkill
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The number of sections with the highest strains, which the peak strain reductions will apply to.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/Speed.cs

@@ -15,20 +15,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
     /// </summary>
     public class Speed : OsuStrainSkill
     {
-        private const double single_spacing_threshold = 135;
-
-        private const double angle_bonus_begin = 5 * Math.PI / 6;
-        private const double pi_over_4 = Math.PI / 4;
-        private const double pi_over_2 = Math.PI / 2;
-
-        protected override double SkillMultiplier => 1400;
-        protected override double StrainDecayBase => 0.3;
-        protected override int ReducedSectionCount => 5;
-        protected override double DifficultyMultiplier => 1.04;
-
+        private const double single_spacing_threshold = 125;
+        private const double rhythm_multiplier = 0.75;
+        private const int history_time_max = 5000; // 5 seconds of calculatingRhythmBonus max.
         private const double min_speed_bonus = 75; // ~200BPM
         private const double speed_balancing_factor = 40;
 
+        private double skillMultiplier => 1375;
+        private double strainDecayBase => 0.3;
+
+        private double currentStrain = 1;
+        private double currentRhythm = 1;
+
+        protected override int ReducedSectionCount => 5;
+        protected override double DifficultyMultiplier => 1.04;
+        protected override int HistoryLength => 32;
+
         private readonly double greatWindow;
 
         public Speed(Mod[] mods, double hitWindowGreat)
@@ -37,52 +39,138 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
             greatWindow = hitWindowGreat;
         }
 
-        protected override double StrainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates a rhythm multiplier for the difficulty of the tap associated with historic data of the current <see cref="OsuDifficultyHitObject"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private double calculateRhythmBonus(DifficultyHitObject current)
         {
             if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
                 return 0;
 
-            var osuCurrent = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
-            var osuPrevious = Previous.Count > 0 ? (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[0] : null;
+            int previousIslandSize = 0;
 
-            double distance = Math.Min(single_spacing_threshold, osuCurrent.TravelDistance + osuCurrent.JumpDistance);
-            double strainTime = osuCurrent.StrainTime;
+            double rhythmComplexitySum = 0;
+            int islandSize = 1;
+            double startRatio = 0; // store the ratio of the current start of an island to buff for tighter rhythms
 
+            bool firstDeltaSwitch = false;
+
+            for (int i = Previous.Count - 2; i > 0; i--)
+            {
+                OsuDifficultyHitObject currObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[i - 1];
+                OsuDifficultyHitObject prevObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[i];
+                OsuDifficultyHitObject lastObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[i + 1];
+
+                double currHistoricalDecay = Math.Max(0, (history_time_max - (current.StartTime - currObj.StartTime))) / history_time_max; // scales note 0 to 1 from history to now
+
+                if (currHistoricalDecay != 0)
+                {
+                    currHistoricalDecay = Math.Min((double)(Previous.Count - i) / Previous.Count, currHistoricalDecay); // either we're limited by time or limited by object count.
+
+                    double currDelta = currObj.StrainTime;
+                    double prevDelta = prevObj.StrainTime;
+                    double lastDelta = lastObj.StrainTime;
+                    double currRatio = 1.0 + 6.0 * Math.Min(0.5, Math.Pow(Math.Sin(Math.PI / (Math.Min(prevDelta, currDelta) / Math.Max(prevDelta, currDelta))), 2)); // fancy function to calculate rhythmbonuses.
+
+                    double windowPenalty = Math.Min(1, Math.Max(0, Math.Abs(prevDelta - currDelta) - greatWindow * 0.6) / (greatWindow * 0.6));
+
+                    windowPenalty = Math.Min(1, windowPenalty);
+
+                    double effectiveRatio = windowPenalty * currRatio;
+
+                    if (firstDeltaSwitch)
+                    {
+                        if (!(prevDelta > 1.25 * currDelta || prevDelta * 1.25 < currDelta))
+                        {
+                            if (islandSize < 7)
+                                islandSize++; // island is still progressing, count size.
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (Previous[i - 1].BaseObject is Slider) // bpm change is into slider, this is easy acc window
+                                effectiveRatio *= 0.125;
+
+                            if (Previous[i].BaseObject is Slider) // bpm change was from a slider, this is easier typically than circle -> circle
+                                effectiveRatio *= 0.25;
+
+                            if (previousIslandSize == islandSize) // repeated island size (ex: triplet -> triplet)
+                                effectiveRatio *= 0.25;
+
+                            if (previousIslandSize % 2 == islandSize % 2) // repeated island polartiy (2 -> 4, 3 -> 5)
+                                effectiveRatio *= 0.50;
+
+                            if (lastDelta > prevDelta + 10 && prevDelta > currDelta + 10) // previous increase happened a note ago, 1/1->1/2-1/4, dont want to buff this.
+                                effectiveRatio *= 0.125;
+
+                            rhythmComplexitySum += Math.Sqrt(effectiveRatio * startRatio) * currHistoricalDecay * Math.Sqrt(4 + islandSize) / 2 * Math.Sqrt(4 + previousIslandSize) / 2;
+
+                            startRatio = effectiveRatio;
+
+                            previousIslandSize = islandSize; // log the last island size.
+
+                            if (prevDelta * 1.25 < currDelta) // we're slowing down, stop counting
+                                firstDeltaSwitch = false; // if we're speeding up, this stays true and  we keep counting island size.
+
+                            islandSize = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (prevDelta > 1.25 * currDelta) // we want to be speeding up.
+                    {
+                        // Begin counting island until we change speed again.
+                        firstDeltaSwitch = true;
+                        startRatio = effectiveRatio;
+                        islandSize = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Math.Sqrt(4 + rhythmComplexitySum * rhythm_multiplier) / 2; //produces multiplier that can be applied to strain. range [1, infinity) (not really though)
+        }
+
+        private double strainValueOf(DifficultyHitObject current)
+        {
+            if (current.BaseObject is Spinner)
+                return 0;
+
+            // derive strainTime for calculation
+            var osuCurrObj = (OsuDifficultyHitObject)current;
+            var osuPrevObj = Previous.Count > 0 ? (OsuDifficultyHitObject)Previous[0] : null;
+
+            double strainTime = osuCurrObj.StrainTime;
             double greatWindowFull = greatWindow * 2;
             double speedWindowRatio = strainTime / greatWindowFull;
 
             // Aim to nerf cheesy rhythms (Very fast consecutive doubles with large deltatimes between)
-            if (osuPrevious != null && strainTime < greatWindowFull && osuPrevious.StrainTime > strainTime)
-                strainTime = Interpolation.Lerp(osuPrevious.StrainTime, strainTime, speedWindowRatio);
+            if (osuPrevObj != null && strainTime < greatWindowFull && osuPrevObj.StrainTime > strainTime)
+                strainTime = Interpolation.Lerp(osuPrevObj.StrainTime, strainTime, speedWindowRatio);
 
             // Cap deltatime to the OD 300 hitwindow.
             // 0.93 is derived from making sure 260bpm OD8 streams aren't nerfed harshly, whilst 0.92 limits the effect of the cap.
             strainTime /= Math.Clamp((strainTime / greatWindowFull) / 0.93, 0.92, 1);
 
+            // derive speedBonus for calculation
             double speedBonus = 1.0;
+
             if (strainTime < min_speed_bonus)
-                speedBonus = 1 + Math.Pow((min_speed_bonus - strainTime) / speed_balancing_factor, 2);
+                speedBonus = 1 + 0.75 * Math.Pow((min_speed_bonus - strainTime) / speed_balancing_factor, 2);
 
-            double angleBonus = 1.0;
+            double distance = Math.Min(single_spacing_threshold, osuCurrObj.TravelDistance + osuCurrObj.JumpDistance);
 
-            if (osuCurrent.Angle != null && osuCurrent.Angle.Value < angle_bonus_begin)
+            return (speedBonus + speedBonus * Math.Pow(distance / single_spacing_threshold, 3.5)) / strainTime;
+        }
+
+        private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);
+
+        protected override double CalculateInitialStrain(double time) => (currentStrain * currentRhythm) * strainDecay(time - Previous[0].StartTime);
+
+        protected override double StrainValueAt(DifficultyHitObject current)
         {
-                angleBonus = 1 + Math.Pow(Math.Sin(1.5 * (angle_bonus_begin - osuCurrent.Angle.Value)), 2) / 3.57;
+            currentStrain *= strainDecay(current.DeltaTime);
+            currentStrain += strainValueOf(current) * skillMultiplier;
 
-                if (osuCurrent.Angle.Value < pi_over_2)
-                {
-                    angleBonus = 1.28;
-                    if (distance < 90 && osuCurrent.Angle.Value < pi_over_4)
-                        angleBonus += (1 - angleBonus) * Math.Min((90 - distance) / 10, 1);
-                    else if (distance < 90)
-                        angleBonus += (1 - angleBonus) * Math.Min((90 - distance) / 10, 1) * Math.Sin((pi_over_2 - osuCurrent.Angle.Value) / pi_over_4);
-                }
-            }
+            currentRhythm = calculateRhythmBonus(current);
 
-            return (1 + (speedBonus - 1) * 0.75)
-                   * angleBonus
-                   * (0.95 + speedBonus * Math.Pow(distance / single_spacing_threshold, 3.0))
-                   / strainTime;
+            return currentStrain * currentRhythm;
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Checks/CheckTooShortSpinners.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Checks
 
         public IEnumerable<Issue> Run(BeatmapVerifierContext context)
         {
-            double od = context.Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty;
+            double od = context.Beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty;
 
             // These are meant to reflect the duration necessary for auto to score at least 1000 points on the spinner.
             // It's difficult to eliminate warnings here, as auto achieving 1000 points depends on the approach angle on some spinners.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTarget.cs

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         #region Reduce AR (IApplicableToDifficulty)
 
-        public void ReadFromDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        public void ReadFromDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
         }
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                              .Select(beat =>
                              {
                                  var newCircle = new HitCircle();
-                                 newCircle.ApplyDefaults(controlPointInfo, osuBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+                                 newCircle.ApplyDefaults(controlPointInfo, osuBeatmap.Difficulty);
                                  newCircle.StartTime = beat;
                                  return (OsuHitObject)newCircle;
                              }).ToList();

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs

@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             });
         }
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
-            TimePreempt = (float)BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, PREEMPT_MIN);
+            TimePreempt = (float)IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, PREEMPT_MIN);
 
             // Preempt time can go below 450ms. Normally, this is achieved via the DT mod which uniformly speeds up all animations game wide regardless of AR.
             // This uniform speedup is hard to match 1:1, however we can at least make AR>10 (via mods) feel good by extending the upper linear function above.

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs

@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         /// </summary>
         internal float LazyTravelDistance;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The time taken by the cursor upon completion of this <see cref="Slider"/> if it was hit
+        /// with as few movements as possible. This is set and used by difficulty calculation.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal double LazyTravelTime;
+
         public List<IList<HitSampleInfo>> NodeSamples { get; set; } = new List<IList<HitSampleInfo>>();
 
         [JsonIgnore]
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             Path.Version.ValueChanged += _ => updateNestedPositions();
         }
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
 
         public double SpanDuration => slider.SpanDuration;
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTick.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         public int SpanIndex { get; set; }
         public double SpanStartTime { get; set; }
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Spinner.cs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         /// </summary>
         public int MaximumBonusSpins { get; protected set; } = 1;
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
 
             double secondsDuration = Duration / 1000;
 
-            double minimumRotationsPerSecond = stable_matching_fudge * BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5);
+            double minimumRotationsPerSecond = stable_matching_fudge * IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(difficulty.OverallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5);
 
             SpinsRequired = (int)(secondsDuration * minimumRotationsPerSecond);
             MaximumBonusSpins = (int)((maximum_rotations_per_second - minimumRotationsPerSecond) * secondsDuration);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Replays/OsuAutoGenerator.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays
             : base(beatmap, mods)
         {
             defaultHitWindows = new OsuHitWindows();
-            defaultHitWindows.SetDifficulty(Beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            defaultHitWindows.SetDifficulty(Beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
         }
 
         #endregion

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursorParticles.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         private OsuPlayfield playfield { get; set; }
 
         [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
-        private GameplayBeatmap gameplayBeatmap { get; set; }
+        private GameplayState gameplayState { get; set; }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin, OsuColour colours)
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 
         protected override void Update()
         {
-            if (playfield == null || gameplayBeatmap == null) return;
+            if (playfield == null || gameplayState == null) return;
 
             DrawableHitObject kiaiHitObject = null;
 
             // Check whether currently in a kiai section first. This is only done as an optimisation to avoid enumerating AliveObjects when not necessary.
-            if (gameplayBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.EffectPointAt(Time.Current).KiaiMode)
+            if (gameplayState.Beatmap.ControlPointInfo.EffectPointAt(Time.Current).KiaiMode)
                 kiaiHitObject = playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects.FirstOrDefault(isTracking);
 
             kiaiSpewer.Active.Value = kiaiHitObject != null;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyMainCirclePiece.cs

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 
         private Drawable hitCircleSprite;
 
-        protected Drawable HitCircleOverlay { get; private set; }
+        protected Container OverlayLayer { get; private set; }
 
+        private Drawable hitCircleOverlay;
         private SkinnableSpriteText hitCircleText;
 
         private readonly Bindable<Color4> accentColour = new Bindable<Color4>();
@@ -78,17 +79,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                 },
-                HitCircleOverlay = new KiaiFlashingSprite
+                OverlayLayer = new Container
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Child = hitCircleOverlay = new KiaiFlashingSprite
                     {
                         Texture = overlayTexture,
                         Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                         Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                     },
+                }
             };
 
             if (hasNumber)
             {
-                AddInternal(hitCircleText = new SkinnableSpriteText(new OsuSkinComponent(OsuSkinComponents.HitCircleText), _ => new OsuSpriteText
+                OverlayLayer.Add(hitCircleText = new SkinnableSpriteText(new OsuSkinComponent(OsuSkinComponents.HitCircleText), _ => new OsuSpriteText
                 {
                     Font = OsuFont.Numeric.With(size: 40),
                     UseFullGlyphHeight = false,
@@ -102,7 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
             bool overlayAboveNumber = skin.GetConfig<OsuSkinConfiguration, bool>(OsuSkinConfiguration.HitCircleOverlayAboveNumber)?.Value ?? true;
 
             if (overlayAboveNumber)
-                ChangeInternalChildDepth(HitCircleOverlay, float.MinValue);
+                OverlayLayer.ChangeChildDepth(hitCircleOverlay, float.MinValue);
 
             accentColour.BindTo(drawableObject.AccentColour);
             indexInCurrentCombo.BindTo(drawableOsuObject.IndexInCurrentComboBindable);
@@ -147,8 +153,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
                         hitCircleSprite.FadeOut(legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
                         hitCircleSprite.ScaleTo(1.4f, legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
 
-                        HitCircleOverlay.FadeOut(legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
-                        HitCircleOverlay.ScaleTo(1.4f, legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
+                        hitCircleOverlay.FadeOut(legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
+                        hitCircleOverlay.ScaleTo(1.4f, legacy_fade_duration, Easing.Out);
 
                         if (hasNumber)
                         {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs

@@ -13,26 +13,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 {
     public class LegacyReverseArrow : CompositeDrawable
     {
-        private ISkin skin { get; }
-
         [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableHitObject { get; set; }
 
         private Drawable proxy;
 
-        public LegacyReverseArrow(ISkin skin)
-        {
-            this.skin = skin;
-        }
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(ISkinSource skinSource)
         {
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
             string lookupName = new OsuSkinComponent(OsuSkinComponents.ReverseArrow).LookupName;
 
-            InternalChild = skin.GetAnimation(lookupName, true, true) ?? Empty();
+            var skin = skinSource.FindProvider(s => s.GetTexture(lookupName) != null);
+            InternalChild = skin?.GetAnimation(lookupName, true, true) ?? Empty();
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacySliderHeadHitCircle.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableHitObject { get; set; }
 
-        private Drawable proxiedHitCircleOverlay;
+        private Drawable proxiedOverlayLayer;
 
         public LegacySliderHeadHitCircle()
             : base("sliderstartcircle")
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            proxiedHitCircleOverlay = HitCircleOverlay.CreateProxy();
+            proxiedOverlayLayer = OverlayLayer.CreateProxy();
 
             if (drawableHitObject != null)
             {
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 
         private void onHitObjectApplied(DrawableHitObject drawableObject)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(proxiedHitCircleOverlay.Parent == null);
+            Debug.Assert(proxiedOverlayLayer.Parent == null);
 
             // see logic in LegacyReverseArrow.
             (drawableObject as DrawableSliderHead)?.DrawableSlider
-                                                  .OverlayElementContainer.Add(proxiedHitCircleOverlay.With(d => d.Depth = float.MinValue));
+                                                  .OverlayElementContainer.Add(proxiedOverlayLayer.With(d => d.Depth = float.MinValue));
         }
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 
                     case OsuSkinComponents.ReverseArrow:
                         if (hasHitCircle.Value)
-                            return new LegacyReverseArrow(this);
+                            return new LegacyReverseArrow();
 
                         return null;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Statistics/AccuracyHeatmap.cs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Statistics
                 return;
 
             // Todo: This should probably not be done like this.
-            float radius = OsuHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * (1.0f - 0.7f * (playableBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize - 5) / 5) / 2;
+            float radius = OsuHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * (1.0f - 0.7f * (playableBeatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize - 5) / 5) / 2;
 
             foreach (var e in score.HitEvents.Where(e => e.HitObject is HitCircle && !(e.HitObject is SliderTailCircle)))
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursorContainer.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         }
 
         [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
-        private GameplayBeatmap beatmap { get; set; }
+        private GameplayState state { get; set; }
 
         [Resolved]
         private OsuConfigManager config { get; set; }
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         {
             float scale = userCursorScale.Value;
 
-            if (autoCursorScale.Value && beatmap != null)
+            if (autoCursorScale.Value && state != null)
             {
                 // if we have a beatmap available, let's get its circle size to figure out an automatic cursor scale modifier.
-                scale *= GetScaleForCircleSize(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.CircleSize);
+                scale *= GetScaleForCircleSize(state.Beatmap.Difficulty.CircleSize);
             }
 
             cursorScale.Value = scale;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoDifficultyCalculatorTest.cs

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
     {
         protected override string ResourceAssembly => "osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko";
 
-        [TestCase(2.2867022617692685d, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(2.2867022617692685d, "diffcalc-test-strong")]
+        [TestCase(2.2420075288523802d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(2.2420075288523802d, "diffcalc-test-strong")]
         public void Test(double expected, string name)
             => base.Test(expected, name);
 
-        [TestCase(3.1704781712282624d, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(3.1704781712282624d, "diffcalc-test-strong")]
+        [TestCase(3.134084469440479d, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(3.134084469440479d, "diffcalc-test-strong")]
         public void TestClockRateAdjusted(double expected, string name)
             => Test(expected, name, new TaikoModDoubleTime());
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Beatmaps/TaikoBeatmapConverter.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using System.Threading;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
@@ -46,11 +47,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
 
         protected override Beatmap<TaikoHitObject> ConvertBeatmap(IBeatmap original, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            if (!(original.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty is TaikoMutliplierAppliedDifficulty))
+            if (!(original.Difficulty is TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty))
             {
                 // Rewrite the beatmap info to add the slider velocity multiplier
-                original.BeatmapInfo = original.BeatmapInfo.Clone();
-                original.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty = new TaikoMutliplierAppliedDifficulty(original.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+                original.Difficulty = new TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty(original.Difficulty);
             }
 
             Beatmap<TaikoHitObject> converted = base.ConvertBeatmap(original, cancellationToken);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
                             StartTime = obj.StartTime,
                             Samples = obj.Samples,
                             Duration = taikoDuration,
-                            TickRate = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderTickRate == 3 ? 3 : 4
+                            TickRate = beatmap.Difficulty.SliderTickRate == 3 ? 3 : 4
                         };
                     }
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
 
                 case IHasDuration endTimeData:
                 {
-                    double hitMultiplier = BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5) * swell_hit_multiplier;
+                    double hitMultiplier = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty, 3, 5, 7.5) * swell_hit_multiplier;
 
                     yield return new Swell
                     {
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
             else
                 beatLength = timingPoint.BeatLength / difficultyPoint.SpeedMultiplier;
 
-            double sliderScoringPointDistance = osu_base_scoring_distance * beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier / beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderTickRate;
+            double sliderScoringPointDistance = osu_base_scoring_distance * beatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier / beatmap.Difficulty.SliderTickRate;
 
             // The velocity and duration of the taiko hit object - calculated as the velocity of a drum roll.
-            double taikoVelocity = sliderScoringPointDistance * beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderTickRate;
+            double taikoVelocity = sliderScoringPointDistance * beatmap.Difficulty.SliderTickRate;
             taikoDuration = (int)(distance / taikoVelocity * beatLength);
 
             if (isForCurrentRuleset)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
                 beatLength = timingPoint.BeatLength;
 
             // If the drum roll is to be split into hit circles, assume the ticks are 1/8 spaced within the duration of one beat
-            tickSpacing = Math.Min(beatLength / beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderTickRate, (double)taikoDuration / spans);
+            tickSpacing = Math.Min(beatLength / beatmap.Difficulty.SliderTickRate, (double)taikoDuration / spans);
 
             return tickSpacing > 0
                    && distance / osuVelocity * 1000 < 2 * beatLength;
@@ -191,13 +191,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps
 
         protected override Beatmap<TaikoHitObject> CreateBeatmap() => new TaikoBeatmap();
 
-        private class TaikoMutliplierAppliedDifficulty : BeatmapDifficulty
+        private class TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty : BeatmapDifficulty
         {
-            public TaikoMutliplierAppliedDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+            public TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
             {
-                difficulty.CopyTo(this);
+                CopyFrom(difficulty);
+            }
+
+            [UsedImplicitly]
+            public TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty()
+            {
+            }
+
+            #region Overrides of BeatmapDifficulty
+
+            public override void CopyTo(BeatmapDifficulty other)
+            {
+                base.CopyTo(other);
+                if (!(other is TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty))
+                    SliderMultiplier /= LegacyBeatmapEncoder.LEGACY_TAIKO_VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER;
+            }
+
+            public override void CopyFrom(IBeatmapDifficultyInfo other)
+            {
+                base.CopyFrom(other);
+                if (!(other is TaikoMultiplierAppliedDifficulty))
                     SliderMultiplier *= LegacyBeatmapEncoder.LEGACY_TAIKO_VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER;
             }
+
+            #endregion
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoDifficultyCalculator.cs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
             starRating = rescale(starRating);
 
             HitWindows hitWindows = new TaikoHitWindows();
-            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.OverallDifficulty);
+            hitWindows.SetDifficulty(beatmap.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
 
             return new TaikoDifficultyAttributes
             {
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
                 StaminaStrain = staminaRating,
                 RhythmStrain = rhythmRating,
                 ColourStrain = colourRating,
-                // Todo: This int cast is temporary to achieve 1:1 results with osu!stable, and should be removed in the future
-                GreatHitWindow = (int)hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate,
+                GreatHitWindow = hitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Great) / clockRate,
                 MaxCombo = beatmap.HitObjects.Count(h => h is Hit),
                 Skills = skills
             };

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/DrumRoll.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects
 
         private float overallDifficulty = BeatmapDifficulty.DEFAULT_DIFFICULTY;
 
-        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
+        protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
             base.ApplyDefaultsToSelf(controlPointInfo, difficulty);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
         {
             base.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
 
-            hpMultiplier = 1 / (object_count_factor * Math.Max(1, beatmap.HitObjects.OfType<Hit>().Count()) * BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.DrainRate, 0.5, 0.75, 0.98));
-            hpMissMultiplier = BeatmapDifficulty.DifficultyRange(beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.DrainRate, 0.0018, 0.0075, 0.0120);
+            hpMultiplier = 1 / (object_count_factor * Math.Max(1, beatmap.HitObjects.OfType<Hit>().Count()) * IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate, 0.5, 0.75, 0.98));
+            hpMissMultiplier = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate, 0.0018, 0.0075, 0.0120);
         }
 
         protected override double GetHealthIncreaseFor(JudgementResult result)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyTaikoScroller.cs

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Legacy
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
-        private void load(GameplayBeatmap gameplayBeatmap)
+        private void load(GameplayState gameplayState)
         {
-            if (gameplayBeatmap != null)
-                ((IBindable<JudgementResult>)LastResult).BindTo(gameplayBeatmap.LastJudgementResult);
+            if (gameplayState != null)
+                ((IBindable<JudgementResult>)LastResult).BindTo(gameplayState.LastJudgementResult);
         }
 
         private bool passing;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrawableTaikoMascot.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
-        private void load(TextureStore textures, GameplayBeatmap gameplayBeatmap)
+        private void load(TextureStore textures, GameplayState gameplayState)
         {
             InternalChildren = new[]
             {
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                 animations[TaikoMascotAnimationState.Fail] = new TaikoMascotAnimation(TaikoMascotAnimationState.Fail),
             };
 
-            if (gameplayBeatmap != null)
-                ((IBindable<JudgementResult>)LastResult).BindTo(gameplayBeatmap.LastJudgementResult);
+            if (gameplayState != null)
+                ((IBindable<JudgementResult>)LastResult).BindTo(gameplayState.LastJudgementResult);
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapDecoderTest.cs

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
             using (var resStream = TestResources.OpenResource("Soleily - Renatus (Gamu) [Insane].osu"))
             using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
             {
-                var difficulty = decoder.Decode(stream).BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty;
+                var difficulty = decoder.Decode(stream).Difficulty;
 
                 Assert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
                 Assert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyStoryboardDecoderTest.cs

@@ -149,5 +149,32 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                 Assert.AreEqual(AnimationLoopType.LoopForever, ((StoryboardAnimation)foreground.Elements[5]).LoopType);
             }
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDecodeLoopCount()
+        {
+            // all loop sequences in loop-count.osb have a total duration of 2000ms (fade in 0->1000ms, fade out 1000->2000ms).
+            const double loop_duration = 2000;
+
+            var decoder = new LegacyStoryboardDecoder();
+
+            using (var resStream = TestResources.OpenResource("loop-count.osb"))
+            using (var stream = new LineBufferedReader(resStream))
+            {
+                var storyboard = decoder.Decode(stream);
+
+                StoryboardLayer background = storyboard.Layers.Single(l => l.Depth == 3);
+
+                // stable ensures that any loop command executes at least once, even if the loop count specified in the .osb is zero or negative.
+                StoryboardSprite zeroTimes = background.Elements.OfType<StoryboardSprite>().Single(s => s.Path == "zero-times.png");
+                Assert.That(zeroTimes.EndTime, Is.EqualTo(1000 + loop_duration));
+
+                StoryboardSprite oneTime = background.Elements.OfType<StoryboardSprite>().Single(s => s.Path == "one-time.png");
+                Assert.That(oneTime.EndTime, Is.EqualTo(4000 + loop_duration));
+
+                StoryboardSprite manyTimes = background.Elements.OfType<StoryboardSprite>().Single(s => s.Path == "many-times.png");
+                Assert.That(manyTimes.EndTime, Is.EqualTo(9000 + 40 * loop_duration));
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/OsuJsonDecoderTest.cs

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
         public void TestDecodeDifficulty()
         {
             var beatmap = decodeAsJson(normal);
-            var difficulty = beatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty;
+            var difficulty = beatmap.Difficulty;
             Assert.AreEqual(6.5f, difficulty.DrainRate);
             Assert.AreEqual(4, difficulty.CircleSize);
             Assert.AreEqual(8, difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
 
             processor.PreProcess();
             foreach (var o in converted.HitObjects)
-                o.ApplyDefaults(converted.ControlPointInfo, converted.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty);
+                o.ApplyDefaults(converted.ControlPointInfo, converted.Difficulty);
             processor.PostProcess();
 
             var beatmap = converted.Serialize().Deserialize<Beatmap>();

osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/IO/ImportBeatmapTest.cs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
                     var manager = osu.Dependencies.Get<BeatmapManager>();
 
-                    BeatmapSetInfo importedSet;
+                    ILive<BeatmapSetInfo> importedSet;
 
                     using (var stream = File.OpenRead(tempPath))
                     {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                     Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(tempPath), "Stream source file somehow went missing");
                     File.Delete(tempPath);
 
-                    var imported = manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.ID);
+                    var imported = manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.Value.ID);
 
                     deleteBeatmapSet(imported, osu);
                 }
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
                         // but contents doesn't, so existing should still be used.
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.ID);
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID == importedSecondTime.Value.ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID == importedSecondTime.Value.Beatmaps.First().ID);
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
                         // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.Value.ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Value.Beatmaps.First().ID);
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
                         // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.Value.ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Value.Beatmaps.First().ID);
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
                         // check the newly "imported" beatmap is not the original.
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.ID);
-                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Beatmaps.First().ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.ID != importedSecondTime.Value.ID);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(imported.Beatmaps.First().ID != importedSecondTime.Value.Beatmaps.First().ID);
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
                     var imported = await manager.Import(toImport);
 
                     Assert.NotNull(imported);
-                    Assert.AreEqual(null, imported.Beatmaps[0].OnlineBeatmapID);
-                    Assert.AreEqual(null, imported.Beatmaps[1].OnlineBeatmapID);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(null, imported.Value.Beatmaps[0].OnlineBeatmapID);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(null, imported.Value.Beatmaps[1].OnlineBeatmapID);
                 }
                 finally
                 {
@@ -582,7 +582,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
         [Test]
         [NonParallelizable]
-        [Ignore("Binding IPC on Appveyor isn't working (port in use). Need to figure out why")]
         public void TestImportOverIPC()
         {
             using (HeadlessGameHost host = new CleanRunHeadlessGameHost($"{nameof(ImportBeatmapTest)}-host", true))
@@ -707,7 +706,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
-                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("subfolder")), "Files contain common subfolder");
+                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Value.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("subfolder")), "Files contain common subfolder");
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -760,8 +759,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
                         ensureLoaded(osu);
 
-                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("__MACOSX")), "Files contain resource fork folder, which should be ignored");
-                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("actual_data")), "Files contain common subfolder");
+                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Value.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("__MACOSX")), "Files contain resource fork folder, which should be ignored");
+                        Assert.IsFalse(imported.Value.Files.Any(f => f.Filename.Contains("actual_data")), "Files contain common subfolder");
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -910,13 +909,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
             var manager = osu.Dependencies.Get<BeatmapManager>();
 
-            var importedSet = await manager.Import(new ImportTask(temp));
+            var importedSet = await manager.Import(new ImportTask(temp)).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             ensureLoaded(osu);
 
             waitForOrAssert(() => !File.Exists(temp), "Temporary file still exists after standard import", 5000);
 
-            return manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.ID);
+            return manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.Value.ID);
         }
 
         public static async Task<BeatmapSetInfo> LoadOszIntoOsu(OsuGameBase osu, string path = null, bool virtualTrack = false)
@@ -925,13 +924,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
 
             var manager = osu.Dependencies.Get<BeatmapManager>();
 
-            var importedSet = await manager.Import(new ImportTask(temp));
+            var importedSet = await manager.Import(new ImportTask(temp)).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             ensureLoaded(osu);
 
             waitForOrAssert(() => !File.Exists(temp), "Temporary file still exists after standard import", 5000);
 
-            return manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.ID);
+            return manager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().Find(beatmapSet => beatmapSet.ID == importedSet.Value.ID);
         }
 
         private void deleteBeatmapSet(BeatmapSetInfo imported, OsuGameBase osu)
@@ -946,13 +945,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.IO
             Assert.IsTrue(manager.QueryBeatmapSets(_ => true).First().DeletePending);
         }
 
-        private static Task createScoreForBeatmap(OsuGameBase osu, BeatmapInfo beatmap)
+        private static Task createScoreForBeatmap(OsuGameBase osu, BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
         {
             return ImportScoreTest.LoadScoreIntoOsu(osu, new ScoreInfo
             {
                 OnlineScoreID = 2,
-                Beatmap = beatmap,
-                BeatmapInfoID = beatmap.ID
+                BeatmapInfo = beatmapInfo,
+                BeatmapInfoID = beatmapInfo.ID
             }, new ImportScoreTest.TestArchiveReader());
         }
 

osu.Game.Tests/Chat/MessageFormatterTests.cs

@@ -509,5 +509,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
             Assert.AreEqual(LinkAction.External, result.Action);
             Assert.AreEqual("/relative", result.Argument);
         }
+
+        [TestCase("https://dev.ppy.sh/home/changelog", "")]
+        [TestCase("https://dev.ppy.sh/home/changelog/lazer/2021.1012", "lazer/2021.1012")]
+        public void TestChangelogLinks(string link, string expectedArg)
+        {
+            MessageFormatter.WebsiteRootUrl = "dev.ppy.sh";
+
+            LinkDetails result = MessageFormatter.GetLinkDetails(link);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(LinkAction.OpenChangelog, result.Action);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedArg, result.Argument);
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Database/FileStoreTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Game.Models;
+using osu.Game.Stores;
+
+#nullable enable
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
+{
+    public class FileStoreTests : RealmTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestImportFile()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, storage) =>
+            {
+                var realm = realmFactory.Context;
+                var files = new RealmFileStore(realmFactory, storage);
+
+                var testData = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 0, 1, 2, 3 });
+
+                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));
+
+                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists("0/05/054edec1d0211f624fed0cbca9d4f9400b0e491c43742af2c5b0abebf0c990d8"));
+                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(realm.All<RealmFile>().First().StoragePath));
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestImportSameFileTwice()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, storage) =>
+            {
+                var realm = realmFactory.Context;
+                var files = new RealmFileStore(realmFactory, storage);
+
+                var testData = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 0, 1, 2, 3 });
+
+                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));
+                realm.Write(() => files.Add(testData, realm));
+
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, realm.All<RealmFile>().Count());
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDontPurgeReferenced()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, storage) =>
+            {
+                var realm = realmFactory.Context;
+                var files = new RealmFileStore(realmFactory, storage);
+
+                var file = realm.Write(() => files.Add(new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 0, 1, 2, 3 }), realm));
+
+                var timer = new Stopwatch();
+                timer.Start();
+
+                realm.Write(() =>
+                {
+                    // attach the file to an arbitrary beatmap
+                    var beatmapSet = CreateBeatmapSet(CreateRuleset());
+
+                    beatmapSet.Files.Add(new RealmNamedFileUsage(file, "arbitrary.resource"));
+
+                    realm.Add(beatmapSet);
+                });
+
+                Logger.Log($"Import complete at {timer.ElapsedMilliseconds}");
+
+                string path = file.StoragePath;
+
+                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+
+                files.Cleanup();
+                Logger.Log($"Cleanup complete at {timer.ElapsedMilliseconds}");
+
+                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                Assert.True(file.IsValid);
+                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPurgeUnreferenced()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, storage) =>
+            {
+                var realm = realmFactory.Context;
+                var files = new RealmFileStore(realmFactory, storage);
+
+                var file = realm.Write(() => files.Add(new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 0, 1, 2, 3 }), realm));
+
+                string path = file.StoragePath;
+
+                Assert.True(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                Assert.True(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+
+                files.Cleanup();
+
+                Assert.False(realm.All<RealmFile>().Any());
+                Assert.False(file.IsValid);
+                Assert.False(files.Storage.Exists(path));
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Database/GeneralUsageTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+#nullable enable
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class GeneralUsageTests : RealmTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Just test the construction of a new database works.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestConstructRealm()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) => { realmFactory.CreateContext().Refresh(); });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBlockOperations()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                using (realmFactory.BlockAllOperations())
+                {
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBlockOperationsWithContention()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                ManualResetEventSlim stopThreadedUsage = new ManualResetEventSlim();
+                ManualResetEventSlim hasThreadedUsage = new ManualResetEventSlim();
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    using (realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                    {
+                        hasThreadedUsage.Set();
+
+                        stopThreadedUsage.Wait();
+                    }
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler);
+
+                hasThreadedUsage.Wait();
+
+                Assert.Throws<TimeoutException>(() =>
+                {
+                    using (realmFactory.BlockAllOperations())
+                    {
+                    }
+                });
+
+                stopThreadedUsage.Set();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Database/RealmLiveTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Database;
+using osu.Game.Models;
+using Realms;
+
+#nullable enable
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
+{
+    public class RealmLiveTests : RealmTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLiveCastability()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                RealmLive<RealmBeatmap> beatmap = realmFactory.CreateContext().Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(CreateRuleset(), new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata()))).ToLive();
+
+                ILive<IBeatmapInfo> iBeatmap = beatmap;
+
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, iBeatmap.Value.Length);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestValueAccessWithOpenContext()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                RealmLive<RealmBeatmap>? liveBeatmap = null;
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    using (var threadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                    {
+                        var beatmap = threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(CreateRuleset(), new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                        liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive();
+                    }
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+
+                Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    Assert.DoesNotThrow(() =>
+                    {
+                        using (realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                        {
+                            var resolved = liveBeatmap.Value;
+
+                            Assert.IsTrue(resolved.Realm.IsClosed);
+                            Assert.IsTrue(resolved.IsValid);
+
+                            // can access properties without a crash.
+                            Assert.IsFalse(resolved.Hidden);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestScopedReadWithoutContext()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                RealmLive<RealmBeatmap>? liveBeatmap = null;
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    using (var threadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                    {
+                        var beatmap = threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(CreateRuleset(), new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                        liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive();
+                    }
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+
+                Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(beatmap =>
+                    {
+                        Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.IsValid);
+                        Assert.IsFalse(beatmap.Hidden);
+                    });
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestScopedWriteWithoutContext()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                RealmLive<RealmBeatmap>? liveBeatmap = null;
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    using (var threadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                    {
+                        var beatmap = threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(CreateRuleset(), new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                        liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive();
+                    }
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+
+                Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    liveBeatmap.PerformWrite(beatmap => { beatmap.Hidden = true; });
+                    liveBeatmap.PerformRead(beatmap => { Assert.IsTrue(beatmap.Hidden); });
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestValueAccessWithoutOpenContextFails()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                RealmLive<RealmBeatmap>? liveBeatmap = null;
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    using (var threadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                    {
+                        var beatmap = threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(CreateRuleset(), new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                        liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive();
+                    }
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+
+                Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
+                    {
+                        var unused = liveBeatmap.Value;
+                    });
+                }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLiveAssumptions()
+        {
+            RunTestWithRealm((realmFactory, _) =>
+            {
+                int changesTriggered = 0;
+
+                using (var updateThreadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                {
+                    updateThreadContext.All<RealmBeatmap>().SubscribeForNotifications(gotChange);
+                    RealmLive<RealmBeatmap>? liveBeatmap = null;
+
+                    Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        using (var threadContext = realmFactory.CreateContext())
+                        {
+                            var ruleset = CreateRuleset();
+                            var beatmap = threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                            // add a second beatmap to ensure that a full refresh occurs below.
+                            // not just a refresh from the resolved Live.
+                            threadContext.Write(r => r.Add(new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), new RealmBeatmapMetadata())));
+
+                            liveBeatmap = beatmap.ToLive();
+                        }
+                    }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.HideScheduler).Wait();
+
+                    Debug.Assert(liveBeatmap != null);
+
+                    // not yet seen by main context
+                    Assert.AreEqual(0, updateThreadContext.All<RealmBeatmap>().Count());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(0, changesTriggered);
+
+                    var resolved = liveBeatmap.Value;
+
+                    // retrieval causes an implicit refresh. even changes that aren't related to the retrieval are fired at this point.
+                    Assert.AreEqual(2, updateThreadContext.All<RealmBeatmap>().Count());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(1, changesTriggered);
+
+                    // even though the realm that this instance was resolved for was closed, it's still valid.
+                    Assert.IsTrue(resolved.Realm.IsClosed);
+                    Assert.IsTrue(resolved.IsValid);
+
+                    // can access properties without a crash.
+                    Assert.IsFalse(resolved.Hidden);
+
+                    updateThreadContext.Write(r =>
+                    {
+                        // can use with the main context.
+                        r.Remove(resolved);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                void gotChange(IRealmCollection<RealmBeatmap> sender, ChangeSet changes, Exception error)
+                {
+                    changesTriggered++;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Database/RealmTest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Database;
+using osu.Game.Models;
+
+#nullable enable
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public abstract class RealmTest
+    {
+        private static readonly TemporaryNativeStorage storage;
+
+        static RealmTest()
+        {
+            storage = new TemporaryNativeStorage("realm-test");
+            storage.DeleteDirectory(string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        protected void RunTestWithRealm(Action<RealmContextFactory, Storage> testAction, [CallerMemberName] string caller = "")
+        {
+            using (HeadlessGameHost host = new CleanRunHeadlessGameHost(caller))
+            {
+                host.Run(new RealmTestGame(() =>
+                {
+                    var testStorage = storage.GetStorageForDirectory(caller);
+
+                    using (var realmFactory = new RealmContextFactory(testStorage, caller))
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log($"Running test using realm file {testStorage.GetFullPath(realmFactory.Filename)}");
+                        testAction(realmFactory, testStorage);
+
+                        realmFactory.Dispose();
+
+                        Logger.Log($"Final database size: {getFileSize(testStorage, realmFactory)}");
+                        realmFactory.Compact();
+                        Logger.Log($"Final database size after compact: {getFileSize(testStorage, realmFactory)}");
+                    }
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void RunTestWithRealmAsync(Func<RealmContextFactory, Storage, Task> testAction, [CallerMemberName] string caller = "")
+        {
+            using (HeadlessGameHost host = new CleanRunHeadlessGameHost(caller))
+            {
+                host.Run(new RealmTestGame(async () =>
+                {
+                    var testStorage = storage.GetStorageForDirectory(caller);
+
+                    using (var realmFactory = new RealmContextFactory(testStorage, caller))
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log($"Running test using realm file {testStorage.GetFullPath(realmFactory.Filename)}");
+                        await testAction(realmFactory, testStorage);
+
+                        realmFactory.Dispose();
+
+                        Logger.Log($"Final database size: {getFileSize(testStorage, realmFactory)}");
+                        realmFactory.Compact();
+                    }
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected static RealmBeatmapSet CreateBeatmapSet(RealmRuleset ruleset)
+        {
+            RealmFile createRealmFile() => new RealmFile { Hash = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().ComputeSHA2Hash() };
+
+            var metadata = new RealmBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                Title = "My Love",
+                Artist = "Kuba Oms"
+            };
+
+            var beatmapSet = new RealmBeatmapSet
+            {
+                Beatmaps =
+                {
+                    new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), metadata) { DifficultyName = "Easy", },
+                    new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), metadata) { DifficultyName = "Normal", },
+                    new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), metadata) { DifficultyName = "Hard", },
+                    new RealmBeatmap(ruleset, new RealmBeatmapDifficulty(), metadata) { DifficultyName = "Insane", }
+                },
+                Files =
+                {
+                    new RealmNamedFileUsage(createRealmFile(), "test [easy].osu"),
+                    new RealmNamedFileUsage(createRealmFile(), "test [normal].osu"),
+                    new RealmNamedFileUsage(createRealmFile(), "test [hard].osu"),
+                    new RealmNamedFileUsage(createRealmFile(), "test [insane].osu"),
+                }
+            };
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                beatmapSet.Files.Add(new RealmNamedFileUsage(createRealmFile(), $"hitsound{i}.mp3"));
+
+            foreach (var b in beatmapSet.Beatmaps)
+                b.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            return beatmapSet;
+        }
+
+        protected static RealmRuleset CreateRuleset() =>
+            new RealmRuleset(0, "osu!", "osu", true);
+
+        private class RealmTestGame : Framework.Game
+        {
+            public RealmTestGame(Func<Task> work)
+            {
+                // ReSharper disable once AsyncVoidLambda
+                Scheduler.Add(async () =>
+                {
+                    await work().ConfigureAwait(true);
+                    Exit();
+                });
+            }
+
+            public RealmTestGame(Action work)
+            {
+                Scheduler.Add(() =>
+                {
+                    work();
+                    Exit();
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static long getFileSize(Storage testStorage, RealmContextFactory realmFactory)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                using (var stream = testStorage.GetStream(realmFactory.Filename))
+                    return stream?.Length ?? 0;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // windows runs may error due to file still being open.
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Database/TestRealmKeyBindingStore.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
 
             storage = new NativeStorage(directory.FullName);
 
-            realmContextFactory = new RealmContextFactory(storage);
+            realmContextFactory = new RealmContextFactory(storage, "test");
             keyBindingStore = new RealmKeyBindingStore(realmContextFactory);
         }
 
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
 
         private int queryCount(GlobalAction? match = null)
         {
-            using (var usage = realmContextFactory.GetForRead())
+            using (var realm = realmContextFactory.CreateContext())
             {
-                var results = usage.Realm.All<RealmKeyBinding>();
+                var results = realm.All<RealmKeyBinding>();
                 if (match.HasValue)
                     results = results.Where(k => k.ActionInt == (int)match.Value);
                 return results.Count();
@@ -69,26 +69,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
 
             keyBindingStore.Register(testContainer, Enumerable.Empty<RulesetInfo>());
 
-            using (var primaryUsage = realmContextFactory.GetForRead())
+            using (var primaryRealm = realmContextFactory.CreateContext())
             {
-                var backBinding = primaryUsage.Realm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
+                var backBinding = primaryRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
 
                 Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.Escape }));
 
                 var tsr = ThreadSafeReference.Create(backBinding);
 
-                using (var usage = realmContextFactory.GetForWrite())
+                using (var threadedContext = realmContextFactory.CreateContext())
                 {
-                    var binding = usage.Realm.ResolveReference(tsr);
-                    binding.KeyCombination = new KeyCombination(InputKey.BackSpace);
-
-                    usage.Commit();
+                    var binding = threadedContext.ResolveReference(tsr);
+                    threadedContext.Write(() => binding.KeyCombination = new KeyCombination(InputKey.BackSpace));
                 }
 
                 Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
 
                 // check still correct after re-query.
-                backBinding = primaryUsage.Realm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
+                backBinding = primaryRealm.All<RealmKeyBinding>().Single(k => k.ActionInt == (int)GlobalAction.Back);
                 Assert.That(backBinding.KeyCombination.Keys, Is.EquivalentTo(new[] { InputKey.BackSpace }));
             }
         }

osu.Game.Tests/Editing/TestSceneHitObjectComposerDistanceSnapping.cs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
 
             BeatDivisor.Value = 1;
 
-            composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 1;
+            composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 1;
             composer.EditorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Clear();
 
             composer.EditorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(0, new DifficultyControlPoint { SpeedMultiplier = 1 });
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
         [TestCase(2)]
         public void TestSliderMultiplier(float multiplier)
         {
-            AddStep($"set multiplier = {multiplier}", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = multiplier);
+            AddStep($"set multiplier = {multiplier}", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = multiplier);
 
             assertSnapDistance(100 * multiplier);
         }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
             assertDurationToDistance(500, 50);
             assertDurationToDistance(1000, 100);
 
-            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
+            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
 
             assertDurationToDistance(500, 100);
             assertDurationToDistance(1000, 200);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
             assertDistanceToDuration(50, 500);
             assertDistanceToDuration(100, 1000);
 
-            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
+            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
 
             assertDistanceToDuration(100, 500);
             assertDistanceToDuration(200, 1000);
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
             assertSnappedDuration(200, 2000);
             assertSnappedDuration(250, 3000);
 
-            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
+            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
 
             assertSnappedDuration(0, 0);
             assertSnappedDuration(50, 0);
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Editing
             assertSnappedDistance(200, 200);
             assertSnappedDistance(250, 200);
 
-            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.BeatmapInfo.BaseDifficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
+            AddStep("set slider multiplier = 2", () => composer.EditorBeatmap.Difficulty.SliderMultiplier = 2);
 
             assertSnappedDistance(50, 0);
             assertSnappedDistance(100, 0);

osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneDrainingHealthProcessor.cs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
         {
             var beatmap = new Beatmap
             {
-                BeatmapInfo = { BaseDifficulty = { DrainRate = 10 } },
+                Difficulty = { DrainRate = 10 }
             };
 
             beatmap.HitObjects.Add(new JudgeableHitObject { StartTime = 0 });
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
         {
             var beatmap = new Beatmap
             {
-                BeatmapInfo = { BaseDifficulty = { DrainRate = 10 } },
+                Difficulty = { DrainRate = 10 }
             };
 
             for (double time = startTime; time <= endTime; time += 100)

osu.Game.Tests/ImportTest.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests
         protected virtual TestOsuGameBase LoadOsuIntoHost(GameHost host, bool withBeatmap = false)
         {
             var osu = new TestOsuGameBase(withBeatmap);
-            Task.Run(() => host.Run(osu))
+            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => host.Run(osu), TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning)
                 .ContinueWith(t => Assert.Fail($"Host threw exception {t.Exception}"), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);
 
             waitForOrAssert(() => osu.IsLoaded, @"osu! failed to start in a reasonable amount of time");

osu.Game.Tests/Localisation/BeatmapMetadataRomanisationTest.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Localisation
                 Title = "Romanised title",
                 TitleUnicode = "Unicode Title"
             };
-            var romanisableString = metadata.ToRomanisableString();
+            var romanisableString = metadata.GetDisplayTitleRomanisable();
 
             Assert.AreEqual(metadata.ToString(), romanisableString.Romanised);
             Assert.AreEqual($"{metadata.ArtistUnicode} - {metadata.TitleUnicode}", romanisableString.Original);
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Localisation
                 Artist = "Romanised Artist",
                 Title = "Romanised title"
             };
-            var romanisableString = metadata.ToRomanisableString();
+            var romanisableString = metadata.GetDisplayTitleRomanisable();
 
             Assert.AreEqual(romanisableString.Romanised, romanisableString.Original);
         }

osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterMatchingTest.cs

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Filtering
                 match = shouldMatch;
             }
 
-            public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmap) => match;
+            public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo) => match;
             public bool TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria(string key, Operator op, string value) => false;
         }
     }

osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterQueryParserTest.cs

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Filtering
         {
             public string CustomValue { get; set; }
 
-            public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmap) => true;
+            public bool Matches(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo) => true;
 
             public bool TryParseCustomKeywordCriteria(string key, Operator op, string value)
             {

osu.Game.Tests/Online/TestDummyAPIRequestHandling.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Online
 
             AddAssert("response event fired", () => response != null);
 
-            AddAssert("request has response", () => request.Result == response);
+            AddAssert("request has response", () => request.Response == response);
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Tests/Online/TestSceneOnlinePlayBeatmapAvailabilityTracker.cs

@@ -156,20 +156,49 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Online
         {
             public TaskCompletionSource<bool> AllowImport = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
 
-            public Task<BeatmapSetInfo> CurrentImportTask { get; private set; }
+            public Task<ILive<BeatmapSetInfo>> CurrentImportTask { get; private set; }
 
-            protected override ArchiveDownloadRequest<BeatmapSetInfo> CreateDownloadRequest(BeatmapSetInfo set, bool minimiseDownloadSize)
-                => new TestDownloadRequest(set);
-
-            public TestBeatmapManager(Storage storage, IDatabaseContextFactory contextFactory, RulesetStore rulesets, IAPIProvider api, [NotNull] AudioManager audioManager, IResourceStore<byte[]> resources, GameHost host = null, WorkingBeatmap defaultBeatmap = null, bool performOnlineLookups = false)
-                : base(storage, contextFactory, rulesets, api, audioManager, resources, host, defaultBeatmap, performOnlineLookups)
+            public TestBeatmapManager(Storage storage, IDatabaseContextFactory contextFactory, RulesetStore rulesets, IAPIProvider api, [NotNull] AudioManager audioManager, IResourceStore<byte[]> resources, GameHost host = null, WorkingBeatmap defaultBeatmap = null)
+                : base(storage, contextFactory, rulesets, api, audioManager, resources, host, defaultBeatmap)
             {
             }
 
-            public override async Task<BeatmapSetInfo> Import(BeatmapSetInfo item, ArchiveReader archive = null, bool lowPriority = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+            protected override BeatmapModelManager CreateBeatmapModelManager(Storage storage, IDatabaseContextFactory contextFactory, RulesetStore rulesets, IAPIProvider api, GameHost host)
             {
-                await AllowImport.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
-                return await (CurrentImportTask = base.Import(item, archive, lowPriority, cancellationToken)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return new TestBeatmapModelManager(this, storage, contextFactory, rulesets, api, host);
+            }
+
+            protected override BeatmapModelDownloader CreateBeatmapModelDownloader(IBeatmapModelManager manager, IAPIProvider api, GameHost host)
+            {
+                return new TestBeatmapModelDownloader(manager, api, host);
+            }
+
+            internal class TestBeatmapModelDownloader : BeatmapModelDownloader
+            {
+                public TestBeatmapModelDownloader(IBeatmapModelManager modelManager, IAPIProvider apiProvider, GameHost gameHost)
+                    : base(modelManager, apiProvider, gameHost)
+                {
+                }
+
+                protected override ArchiveDownloadRequest<BeatmapSetInfo> CreateDownloadRequest(BeatmapSetInfo set, bool minimiseDownloadSize)
+                    => new TestDownloadRequest(set);
+            }
+
+            internal class TestBeatmapModelManager : BeatmapModelManager
+            {
+                private readonly TestBeatmapManager testBeatmapManager;
+
+                public TestBeatmapModelManager(TestBeatmapManager testBeatmapManager, Storage storage, IDatabaseContextFactory databaseContextFactory, RulesetStore rulesetStore, IAPIProvider apiProvider, GameHost gameHost)
+                    : base(storage, databaseContextFactory, rulesetStore, gameHost)
+                {
+                    this.testBeatmapManager = testBeatmapManager;
+                }
+
+                public override async Task<ILive<BeatmapSetInfo>> Import(BeatmapSetInfo item, ArchiveReader archive = null, bool lowPriority = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+                {
+                    await testBeatmapManager.AllowImport.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    return await (testBeatmapManager.CurrentImportTask = base.Import(item, archive, lowPriority, cancellationToken)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
             }
         }
 

osu.Game.Tests/Resources/loop-count.osb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+osu file format v14
+
+[Events]
+Sprite,Background,TopCentre,"zero-times.png",320,240
+ L,1000,0
+  F,0,0,1000,0,1
+  F,0,1000,2000,1,0
+Sprite,Background,TopCentre,"one-time.png",320,240
+ L,4000,1
+  F,0,0,1000,0,1
+  F,0,1000,2000,1,0
+Sprite,Background,TopCentre,"many-times.png",320,240
+ L,9000,40
+  F,0,0,1000,0,1
+  F,0,1000,2000,1,0

osu.Game.Tests/Scores/IO/ImportScoreTest.cs

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Scores.IO
                     var beatmapManager = osu.Dependencies.Get<BeatmapManager>();
                     var scoreManager = osu.Dependencies.Get<ScoreManager>();
 
-                    beatmapManager.Delete(beatmapManager.QueryBeatmapSet(s => s.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.ID == imported.Beatmap.ID)));
+                    beatmapManager.Delete(beatmapManager.QueryBeatmapSet(s => s.Beatmaps.Any(b => b.ID == imported.BeatmapInfo.ID)));
                     Assert.That(scoreManager.Query(s => s.ID == imported.ID).DeletePending, Is.EqualTo(true));
 
                     var secondImport = await LoadScoreIntoOsu(osu, imported);
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Scores.IO
         {
             var beatmapManager = osu.Dependencies.Get<BeatmapManager>();
 
-            score.Beatmap ??= beatmapManager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().First().Beatmaps.First();
+            score.BeatmapInfo ??= beatmapManager.GetAllUsableBeatmapSets().First().Beatmaps.First();
             score.Ruleset ??= new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo;
 
             var scoreManager = osu.Dependencies.Get<ScoreManager>();

osu.Game.Tests/Skins/IO/ImportSkinTest.cs

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Skins.IO
         private async Task<SkinInfo> loadSkinIntoOsu(OsuGameBase osu, ArchiveReader archive = null)
         {
             var skinManager = osu.Dependencies.Get<SkinManager>();
-            return await skinManager.Import(archive);
+            return (await skinManager.Import(archive)).Value;
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Tests/Skins/TestSceneBeatmapSkinResources.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Skins
         private void load()
         {
             var imported = beatmaps.Import(new ZipArchiveReader(TestResources.OpenResource("Archives/ogg-beatmap.osz"))).Result;
-            beatmap = beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(imported.Beatmaps[0]);
+            beatmap = beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(imported.Value.Beatmaps[0]);
             beatmap.LoadTrack();
         }
 

osu.Game.Tests/Skins/TestSceneSkinProvidingContainer.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.OpenGL.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
@@ -65,10 +64,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Skins
 
             public new void TriggerSourceChanged() => base.TriggerSourceChanged();
 
-            protected override void OnSourceChanged()
+            protected override void RefreshSources()
             {
-                ResetSources();
-                sources.ForEach(AddSource);
+                SetSources(sources);
             }
         }
 

osu.Game.Tests/Skins/TestSceneSkinResources.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Skins
         private void load()
         {
             var imported = skins.Import(new ZipArchiveReader(TestResources.OpenResource("Archives/ogg-skin.osk"))).Result;
-            skin = skins.GetSkin(imported);
+            skin = skins.GetSkin(imported.Value);
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Audio/TestSceneAudioFilter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using ManagedBass.Fx;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Audio;
+using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Audio.Effects;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Audio
+{
+    public class TestSceneAudioFilter : OsuTestScene
+    {
+        private OsuSpriteText lowPassText;
+        private AudioFilter lowPassFilter;
+
+        private OsuSpriteText highPassText;
+        private AudioFilter highPassFilter;
+
+        private Track track;
+
+        private WaveformTestBeatmap beatmap;
+
+        private OsuSliderBar<int> lowPassSlider;
+        private OsuSliderBar<int> highPassSlider;
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(AudioManager audio)
+        {
+            beatmap = new WaveformTestBeatmap(audio);
+            track = beatmap.LoadTrack();
+
+            Add(new FillFlowContainer
+            {
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    lowPassFilter = new AudioFilter(audio.TrackMixer),
+                    highPassFilter = new AudioFilter(audio.TrackMixer, BQFType.HighPass),
+                    lowPassText = new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding(20),
+                        Text = $"Low Pass: {lowPassFilter.Cutoff}hz",
+                        Font = new FontUsage(size: 40)
+                    },
+                    lowPassSlider = new OsuSliderBar<int>
+                    {
+                        Width = 500,
+                        Height = 50,
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding(20),
+                        Current = new BindableInt
+                        {
+                            MinValue = 0,
+                            MaxValue = AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF,
+                        }
+                    },
+                    highPassText = new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding(20),
+                        Text = $"High Pass: {highPassFilter.Cutoff}hz",
+                        Font = new FontUsage(size: 40)
+                    },
+                    highPassSlider = new OsuSliderBar<int>
+                    {
+                        Width = 500,
+                        Height = 50,
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding(20),
+                        Current = new BindableInt
+                        {
+                            MinValue = 0,
+                            MaxValue = AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF,
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            lowPassSlider.Current.ValueChanged += e =>
+            {
+                lowPassText.Text = $"Low Pass: {e.NewValue}hz";
+                lowPassFilter.Cutoff = e.NewValue;
+            };
+
+            highPassSlider.Current.ValueChanged += e =>
+            {
+                highPassText.Text = $"High Pass: {e.NewValue}hz";
+                highPassFilter.Cutoff = e.NewValue;
+            };
+        }
+
+        #region Overrides of Drawable
+
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+            highPassSlider.Current.Value = highPassFilter.Cutoff;
+            lowPassSlider.Current.Value = lowPassFilter.Cutoff;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        [SetUpSteps]
+        public void SetUpSteps()
+        {
+            AddStep("Play Track", () => track.Start());
+
+            AddStep("Reset filters", () =>
+            {
+                lowPassFilter.Cutoff = AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF;
+                highPassFilter.Cutoff = 0;
+            });
+
+            waitTrackPlay();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLowPassSweep()
+        {
+            AddStep("Filter Sweep", () =>
+            {
+                lowPassFilter.CutoffTo(AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF).Then()
+                             .CutoffTo(0, 2000, Easing.OutCubic);
+            });
+
+            waitTrackPlay();
+
+            AddStep("Filter Sweep (reverse)", () =>
+            {
+                lowPassFilter.CutoffTo(0).Then()
+                             .CutoffTo(AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF, 2000, Easing.InCubic);
+            });
+
+            waitTrackPlay();
+            AddStep("Stop track", () => track.Stop());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHighPassSweep()
+        {
+            AddStep("Filter Sweep", () =>
+            {
+                highPassFilter.CutoffTo(0).Then()
+                              .CutoffTo(AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF, 2000, Easing.InCubic);
+            });
+
+            waitTrackPlay();
+
+            AddStep("Filter Sweep (reverse)", () =>
+            {
+                highPassFilter.CutoffTo(AudioFilter.MAX_LOWPASS_CUTOFF).Then()
+                              .CutoffTo(0, 2000, Easing.OutCubic);
+            });
+
+            waitTrackPlay();
+
+            AddStep("Stop track", () => track.Stop());
+        }
+
+        private void waitTrackPlay() => AddWaitStep("Let track play", 10);
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneUserDimBackgrounds.cs

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
             AddStep("Transition to Results", () => player.Push(results = new FadeAccessibleResults(new ScoreInfo
             {
                 User = new User { Username = "osu!" },
-                Beatmap = new TestBeatmap(Ruleset.Value).BeatmapInfo,
+                BeatmapInfo = new TestBeatmap(Ruleset.Value).BeatmapInfo,
                 Ruleset = Ruleset.Value,
             })));
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
         private void setupUserSettings()
         {
             AddUntilStep("Song select is current", () => songSelect.IsCurrentScreen());
-            AddUntilStep("Song select has selection", () => songSelect.Carousel?.SelectedBeatmap != null);
+            AddUntilStep("Song select has selection", () => songSelect.Carousel?.SelectedBeatmapInfo != null);
             AddStep("Set default user settings", () =>
             {
                 SelectedMods.Value = SelectedMods.Value.Concat(new[] { new OsuModNoFail() }).ToArray();

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBlueprintOrdering.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.HitCircles;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components.Timeline;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Input;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
+{
+    public class TestSceneBlueprintOrdering : EditorTestScene
+    {
+        protected override Ruleset CreateEditorRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
+
+        protected override IBeatmap CreateBeatmap(RulesetInfo ruleset) => new TestBeatmap(ruleset, false);
+
+        private EditorBlueprintContainer blueprintContainer
+            => Editor.ChildrenOfType<EditorBlueprintContainer>().First();
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectedObjectHasPriorityWhenOverlapping()
+        {
+            var firstSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                {
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2()),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(150, -50)),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(300, 0))
+                }),
+                Position = new Vector2(0, 100)
+            };
+            var secondSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                {
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2()),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(-50, 50)),
+                    new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(-100, 100))
+                }),
+                Position = new Vector2(200, 0)
+            };
+
+            AddStep("add overlapping sliders", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(firstSlider);
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(secondSlider);
+            });
+            AddStep("select first slider", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Add(firstSlider));
+
+            AddStep("move mouse to common point", () =>
+            {
+                var pos = blueprintContainer.ChildrenOfType<PathControlPointPiece>().ElementAt(1).ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre;
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(pos);
+            });
+            AddStep("right click", () => InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Right));
+
+            AddAssert("selection is unchanged", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Single() == firstSlider);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOverlappingObjectsWithSameStartTime()
+        {
+            AddStep("add overlapping circles", () =>
+            {
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(createHitCircle(50, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2));
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(createHitCircle(50, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2 + new Vector2(-10, -20)));
+                EditorBeatmap.Add(createHitCircle(50, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2 + new Vector2(10, -20)));
+            });
+
+            AddStep("click at centre of playfield", () =>
+            {
+                var hitObjectContainer = Editor.ChildrenOfType<HitObjectContainer>().Single();
+                var centre = hitObjectContainer.ToScreenSpace(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE / 2);
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(centre);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("frontmost object selected", () =>
+            {
+                var hasCombo = Editor.ChildrenOfType<HitCircleSelectionBlueprint>().Single(b => b.IsSelected).Item as IHasComboInformation;
+                return hasCombo?.IndexInCurrentCombo == 0;
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPlacementOfConcurrentObjectWithDuration()
+        {
+            AddStep("seek to timing point", () => EditorClock.Seek(2170));
+            AddStep("add hit circle", () => EditorBeatmap.Add(createHitCircle(2170, Vector2.Zero)));
+
+            AddStep("choose spinner placement tool", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.Key(Key.Number4);
+                var hitObjectContainer = Editor.ChildrenOfType<HitObjectContainer>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(hitObjectContainer.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("begin placing spinner", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+            AddStep("end placing spinner", () =>
+            {
+                EditorClock.Seek(2500);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Right);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("two timeline blueprints present", () => Editor.ChildrenOfType<TimelineHitObjectBlueprint>().Count() == 2);
+        }
+
+        private HitCircle createHitCircle(double startTime, Vector2 position) => new HitCircle
+        {
+            StartTime = startTime,
+            Position = position,
+        };
+    }
+}