diff --git a/.config/dotnet-tools.json b/.config/dotnet-tools.json
index b8dc201559..99906f0895 100644
--- a/.config/dotnet-tools.json
+++ b/.config/dotnet-tools.json
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
   "isRoot": true,
   "tools": {
     "jetbrains.resharper.globaltools": {
-      "version": "2022.2.3",
+      "version": "2023.3.3",
       "commands": [
         "jb"
       ]
     },
     "nvika": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "version": "3.0.0",
       "commands": [
         "nvika"
       ]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 103e4dbc30..de902df93f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -15,17 +15,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      # FIXME: Tools won't run in .NET 6.0 unless you install 3.1.x LTS side by side.
-      # https://itnext.io/how-to-support-multiple-net-sdks-in-github-actions-workflows-b988daa884e
-      - name: Install .NET 3.1.x LTS
+      - name: Install .NET 8.0.x
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
         with:
-          dotnet-version: "3.1.x"
-
-      - name: Install .NET 6.0.x
-        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
-        with:
-          dotnet-version: "6.0.x"
+          dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
       - name: Restore Tools
         run: dotnet tool restore
@@ -79,10 +72,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Install .NET 6.0.x
+      - name: Install .NET 8.0.x
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
         with:
-          dotnet-version: "6.0.x"
+          dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
       - name: Compile
         run: dotnet build -c Debug -warnaserror osu.Desktop.slnf
@@ -114,10 +107,10 @@ jobs:
           distribution: microsoft
           java-version: 11
 
-      - name: Install .NET 6.0.x
+      - name: Install .NET 8.0.x
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
         with:
-          dotnet-version: "6.0.x"
+          dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
       - name: Install .NET workloads
         run: dotnet workload install maui-android
@@ -135,13 +128,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Install .NET 6.0.x
+      - name: Install .NET 8.0.x
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
         with:
-          dotnet-version: "6.0.x"
+          dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
       - name: Install .NET Workloads
         run: dotnet workload install maui-ios
 
+      - name: Select Xcode 15.2
+        run: sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_15.2.app/Contents/Developer
+
       - name: Build
         run: dotnet build -c Debug osu.iOS
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-web-mod-definitions.yml b/.github/workflows/update-web-mod-definitions.yml
index 32d3d37ffe..5827a6cdbf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update-web-mod-definitions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-web-mod-definitions.yml
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ jobs:
     name: Update osu-web mod definitions
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - name: Install .NET 6.0.x
+    - name: Install .NET 8.0.x
       uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
       with:
-        dotnet-version: "6.0.x"
+        dotnet-version: "8.0.x"
 
     - name: Checkout ppy/osu
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
diff --git a/.globalconfig b/.globalconfig
index a7b652c454..a4d4707f9b 100644
--- a/.globalconfig
+++ b/.globalconfig
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-is_global = true
-
 # .NET Code Style
 # IDE styles reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/
 
@@ -56,4 +54,4 @@ dotnet_diagnostic.RS0030.severity = error
 
 # Temporarily disable analysing CanBeNull = true in NRT contexts due to mobile issues.
 # See: https://github.com/ppy/osu/pull/19677
-dotnet_diagnostic.OSUF001.severity = none
\ No newline at end of file
+dotnet_diagnostic.OSUF001.severity = none
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml
index d500c595c0..a7a6649a4f 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Benchmarks.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="Benchmarks" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml
index 6da760dead..39e6cb10c5 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/CatchRuleset__Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="CatchRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml
index 741679707a..88367387ae 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/ManiaRuleset__Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="ManiaRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml
index 104b1266ca..cdc980e019 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/OsuRuleset__Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="OsuRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml
index f58f9d4ae2..d91cf01479 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/TaikoRuleset__Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="TaikoRuleset (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Ruleset" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml
index 0f2c390328..daafff7dfb 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="Tournament" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu!.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu!.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--tournament" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml
index 898aec880c..62f587410f 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/Tournament__Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="Tournament (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="Tournament" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <browser url="http://localhost:5000" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml
index dae6e032b1..f6e2c26d19 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="osu!" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu!.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu!.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml
index 519107b5e3..c437dcf0f0 100644
--- a/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml
+++ b/.idea/.idea.osu.Desktop/.idea/runConfigurations/osu___Tests_.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="osu! (Tests)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/osu! (Second Client).run.xml b/.run/osu! (Second Client).run.xml
index 9a471df902..d72e7abee2 100644
--- a/.run/osu! (Second Client).run.xml	
+++ b/.run/osu! (Second Client).run.xml	
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
   <configuration default="false" name="osu! (Second Client)" type="DotNetProject" factoryName=".NET Project" folderName="osu!" activateToolWindowBeforeRun="false">
-    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu!.dll" />
+    <option name="EXE_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu!.dll" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--debug-client-id=1" />
-    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0" />
+    <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0" />
     <option name="PASS_PARENT_ENVS" value="1" />
     <option name="USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE" value="0" />
     <option name="USE_MONO" value="0" />
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_ARGUMENTS_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_WORKING_DIRECTORY_TRACKING" value="1" />
     <option name="PROJECT_KIND" value="DotNetCore" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net6.0" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TFM" value="net8.0" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Build" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.vscode/launch.json b/.vscode/launch.json
index d93fddf42d..7c5225cff7 100644
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu!.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu!.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Debug)",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net6.0/osu!.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net8.0/osu!.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build osu! (Release)",
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build tests (Debug)",
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tests/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build tests (Release)",
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu!.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu!.dll",
                 "--tournament"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net6.0/osu!.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Desktop/bin/Release/net8.0/osu!.dll",
                 "--tournament"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
                 "--tournament"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
+                "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll",
                 "--tournament"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
             "name": "Benchmark",
             "type": "coreclr",
             "request": "launch",
-            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll",
+            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/osu.Game.Benchmarks/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Benchmarks.dll",
             "args": [
                 "--filter",
                 "*"
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 4106641adb..0fe6b6fb4d 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ Aside from the above, below is a brief checklist of things to watch out when you
 - Please do not make code changes via the GitHub web interface.
 - Please add tests for your changes. We expect most new features and bugfixes to have test coverage, unless the effort of adding them is prohibitive. The visual testing methodology we use is described in more detail [here](https://github.com/ppy/osu-framework/wiki/Development-and-Testing).
 - Please run tests and code style analysis (via `InspectCode.{ps1,sh}` scripts in the root of this repository) before opening the PR. This is particularly important if you're a first-time contributor, as CI will not run for your PR until we allow it to do so.
+- **Do not run the game in release configuration at any point during your testing** (the sole exception to this being benchmarks). Using release is an unnecessary and harmful practice, and can even lead to you losing your local realm database if you start making changes to the schema. The debug configuration has a completely separated full-stack environment, including a development website instance at https://dev.ppy.sh/. It is permitted to register an account on that development instance for testing purposes and not worry about multi-accounting infractions.
 
 After you're done with your changes and you wish to open the PR, please observe the following recommendations:
 
diff --git a/Directory.Build.props b/Directory.Build.props
index 734374c840..2d289d0f22 100644
--- a/Directory.Build.props
+++ b/Directory.Build.props
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
 <Project>
   <PropertyGroup Label="C#">
-    <LangVersion>10.0</LangVersion>
+    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
   </PropertyGroup>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</RepositoryUrl>
     <PackageReleaseNotes>Automated release.</PackageReleaseNotes>
     <Company>ppy Pty Ltd</Company>
-    <Copyright>Copyright (c) 2022 ppy Pty Ltd</Copyright>
+    <Copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</Copyright>
     <PackageTags>osu game</PackageTags>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/LICENCE b/LICENCE
index d3e7537cef..3bb8b62d5d 100644
--- a/LICENCE
+++ b/LICENCE
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2022 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
+Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d5dc0723af..cb722e5df3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ A few resources are available as starting points to getting involved and underst
 
 - Detailed release changelogs are available on the [official osu! site](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/changelog/lazer).
 - You can learn more about our approach to [project management](https://github.com/ppy/osu/wiki/Project-management).
-- Track our current efforts [towards full "ranked play" support](https://github.com/orgs/ppy/projects/13?query=is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc).
+- Track our current efforts [towards improving the game](https://github.com/orgs/ppy/projects/7/views/6).
 
 ## Running osu!
 
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ If you are just looking to give the game a whirl, you can grab the latest releas
 
 ### Latest release:
 
-| [Windows 8.1+ (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/install.exe) | macOS 10.15+ ([Intel](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.Intel.zip), [Apple Silicon](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.Apple.Silicon.zip)) | [Linux (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.AppImage) | [iOS 13.4+](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/testflight) | [Android 5+](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/sh.ppy.osulazer.apk) |
-| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
+| [Windows 10+ (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/install.exe) | macOS 12+ ([Intel](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.Intel.zip), [Apple Silicon](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.app.Apple.Silicon.zip)) | [Linux (x64)](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/osu.AppImage) | [iOS 13.4+](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/testflight) | [Android 5+](https://github.com/ppy/osu/releases/latest/download/sh.ppy.osulazer.apk) |
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
 
 You can also generally download a version for your current device from the [osu! site](https://osu.ppy.sh/home/download).
 
-If your platform is not listed above, there is still a chance you can manually build it by following the instructions below.
+If your platform is unsupported or not listed above, there is still a chance you can run the release or manually build it by following the instructions below.
 
 **For iOS/iPadOS users**: The iOS testflight link fills up very fast (Apple has a hard limit of 10,000 users). We reset it occasionally. Please do not ask about this. Check back regularly for link resets or follow [peppy](https://twitter.com/ppy) on twitter for announcements. Our goal is to get the game on mobile app stores in early 2024.
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ You can see some examples of custom rulesets by visiting the [custom ruleset dir
 
 Please make sure you have the following prerequisites:
 
-- A desktop platform with the [.NET 6.0 SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download) installed.
+- A desktop platform with the [.NET 8.0 SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download) installed.
 
 When working with the codebase, we recommend using an IDE with intelligent code completion and syntax highlighting, such as the latest version of [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/), [JetBrains Rider](https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/), or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) with the [EditorConfig](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=EditorConfig.EditorConfig) and [C#](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-dotnettools.csharp) plugin installed.
 
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/Directory.Build.props b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/Directory.Build.props
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74d05ff690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/Directory.Build.props
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ApplicationManifest>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Documentation">
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/app.manifest b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/app.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c1e5f540c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/app.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyNewProject" />
+  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+    <security>
+      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+      </requestedPrivileges>
+      <applicationRequestMinimum>
+        <defaultAssemblyRequest permissionSetReference="Custom" />
+        <PermissionSet class="System.Security.PermissionSet" version="1" Unrestricted="true" ID="Custom" SameSite="site" />
+      </applicationRequestMinimum>
+    </security>
+  </trustInfo>
+  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+    <application>
+      <!-- Windows Vista -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}" />
+      <!-- Windows 7 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}" />
+      <!-- Windows 10 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
+    </application>
+  </compatibility>
+  <asmv3:application>
+    <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
+      <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
+    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+  </asmv3:application>
+  <dependency>
+    <dependentAssembly>
+      <assemblyIdentity
+          type="win32"
+          name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+          version="6.0.0.0"
+          processorArchitecture="*"
+          publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+          language="*"
+        />
+    </dependentAssembly>
+  </dependency>
+</asmv1:assembly>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index b433819346..0d72037393 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeformRuleset.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
index 03ee7c9204..63c481a623 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj
index 2baa7ee0e0..7d43eb2b05 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
index 744e207b57..e53fe01157 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyFreeformHitObject.cs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Objects.Drawables
         {
             if (timeOffset >= 0)
                 // todo: implement judgement logic
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Perfect);
+                ApplyResult(HitResult.Perfect);
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj
index d09e7647e0..89abd5665c 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyTitle>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform</AssemblyTitle>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/Directory.Build.props b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/Directory.Build.props
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74d05ff690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/Directory.Build.props
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ApplicationManifest>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Documentation">
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/app.manifest b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/app.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c1e5f540c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/app.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyNewProject" />
+  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+    <security>
+      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+      </requestedPrivileges>
+      <applicationRequestMinimum>
+        <defaultAssemblyRequest permissionSetReference="Custom" />
+        <PermissionSet class="System.Security.PermissionSet" version="1" Unrestricted="true" ID="Custom" SameSite="site" />
+      </applicationRequestMinimum>
+    </security>
+  </trustInfo>
+  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+    <application>
+      <!-- Windows Vista -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}" />
+      <!-- Windows 7 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}" />
+      <!-- Windows 10 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
+    </application>
+  </compatibility>
+  <asmv3:application>
+    <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
+      <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
+    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+  </asmv3:application>
+  <dependency>
+    <dependentAssembly>
+      <assemblyIdentity
+          type="win32"
+          name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+          version="6.0.0.0"
+          processorArchitecture="*"
+          publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+          language="*"
+        />
+    </dependentAssembly>
+  </dependency>
+</asmv1:assembly>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index d60bc2571d..ec832d9a72 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
index 55c0cf6a3b..c44cbb845b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
index a2308e6dfc..7dc8a1336b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
index c5ada4288d..b1be25727f 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
@@ -49,7 +48,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects.Drawables
         protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
         {
             if (timeOffset >= 0)
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = IsHovered ? HitResult.Perfect : HitResult.Miss);
+            {
+                if (IsHovered)
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
+                else
+                    ApplyMinResult();
+            }
         }
 
         protected override double InitialLifetimeOffset => time_preempt;
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
index 9c8867f4ef..165b6b6c6b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyTitle>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon</AssemblyTitle>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/Directory.Build.props b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/Directory.Build.props
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74d05ff690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/Directory.Build.props
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ApplicationManifest>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Documentation">
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/app.manifest b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/app.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c1e5f540c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/app.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyNewProject" />
+  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+    <security>
+      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+      </requestedPrivileges>
+      <applicationRequestMinimum>
+        <defaultAssemblyRequest permissionSetReference="Custom" />
+        <PermissionSet class="System.Security.PermissionSet" version="1" Unrestricted="true" ID="Custom" SameSite="site" />
+      </applicationRequestMinimum>
+    </security>
+  </trustInfo>
+  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+    <application>
+      <!-- Windows Vista -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}" />
+      <!-- Windows 7 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}" />
+      <!-- Windows 10 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
+    </application>
+  </compatibility>
+  <asmv3:application>
+    <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
+      <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
+    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+  </asmv3:application>
+  <dependency>
+    <dependentAssembly>
+      <assemblyIdentity
+          type="win32"
+          name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+          version="6.0.0.0"
+          processorArchitecture="*"
+          publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+          language="*"
+        />
+    </dependentAssembly>
+  </dependency>
+</asmv1:assembly>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index f1f37f6363..a60979073b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
index b45505678c..5beb6616a7 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj
index e839d2657c..9c4c8217f0 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyScrollingHitObject.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyScrollingHitObject.cs
index a3c3b89105..adcbd36485 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyScrollingHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/Objects/Drawables/DrawableEmptyScrollingHitObject.cs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Objects.Drawables
         {
             if (timeOffset >= 0)
                 // todo: implement judgement logic
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Perfect);
+                ApplyMaxResult();
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj
index 5bf3884f53..6d9565a6f2 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyTitle>osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling</AssemblyTitle>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/Directory.Build.props b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/Directory.Build.props
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74d05ff690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/Directory.Build.props
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- Contains required properties for osu!framework projects. -->
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ApplicationManifest>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Documentation">
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/app.manifest b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/app.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c1e5f540c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/app.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyNewProject" />
+  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+    <security>
+      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+      </requestedPrivileges>
+      <applicationRequestMinimum>
+        <defaultAssemblyRequest permissionSetReference="Custom" />
+        <PermissionSet class="System.Security.PermissionSet" version="1" Unrestricted="true" ID="Custom" SameSite="site" />
+      </applicationRequestMinimum>
+    </security>
+  </trustInfo>
+  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+    <application>
+      <!-- Windows Vista -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}" />
+      <!-- Windows 7 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}" />
+      <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}" />
+      <!-- Windows 10 -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
+    </application>
+  </compatibility>
+  <asmv3:application>
+    <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
+      <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
+    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+  </asmv3:application>
+  <dependency>
+    <dependentAssembly>
+      <assemblyIdentity
+          type="win32"
+          name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+          version="6.0.0.0"
+          processorArchitecture="*"
+          publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+          language="*"
+        />
+    </dependentAssembly>
+  </dependency>
+</asmv1:assembly>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index d60bc2571d..ec832d9a72 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
index 55c0cf6a3b..c44cbb845b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
index a2308e6dfc..7dc8a1336b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests</RootNamespace>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
index d198fa81cb..3ad636a601 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/Objects/Drawables/DrawablePippidonHitObject.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.UI;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
@@ -49,7 +48,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Objects.Drawables
         protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
         {
             if (timeOffset >= 0)
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = currentLane.Value == HitObject.Lane ? HitResult.Perfect : HitResult.Miss);
+            {
+                if (currentLane.Value == HitObject.Lane)
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
+                else
+                    ApplyMinResult();
+            }
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
diff --git a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
index 9c8867f4ef..165b6b6c6b 100644
--- a/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
+++ b/Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyTitle>osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon</AssemblyTitle>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
diff --git a/Templates/osu.Game.Templates.csproj b/Templates/osu.Game.Templates.csproj
index b8c3ad373a..186a6093f5 100644
--- a/Templates/osu.Game.Templates.csproj
+++ b/Templates/osu.Game.Templates.csproj
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <PackageType>Template</PackageType>
     <PackageId>ppy.osu.Game.Templates</PackageId>
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu/blob/master/Templates</PackageProjectUrl>
     <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu</RepositoryUrl>
     <PackageReleaseNotes>Automated release.</PackageReleaseNotes>
-    <copyright>Copyright (c) 2022 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
+    <copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
     <Description>Templates to use when creating a ruleset for consumption in osu!.</Description>
     <PackageTags>dotnet-new;templates;osu</PackageTags>
     <TargetFramework>netstandard2.1</TargetFramework>
diff --git a/assets/lazer-nuget.png b/assets/lazer-nuget.png
index c2a587fdc2..fed2f45149 100644
Binary files a/assets/lazer-nuget.png and b/assets/lazer-nuget.png differ
diff --git a/assets/lazer.png b/assets/lazer.png
index 1e40e844cc..2ee44225bf 100644
Binary files a/assets/lazer.png and b/assets/lazer.png differ
diff --git a/global.json b/global.json
index 5dcd5f425a..789bff3bd0 100644
--- a/global.json
+++ b/global.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "sdk": {
-    "version": "6.0.100",
-    "rollForward": "latestFeature"
+    "version": "8.0.100",
+    "rollForward": "latestFeature",
+    "allowPrerelease": false
   }
-}
-
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Android.props b/osu.Android.props
index e39143ab93..85171cc0fa 100644
--- a/osu.Android.props
+++ b/osu.Android.props
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2024.113.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2024.217.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.
diff --git a/osu.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index 492d48542e..a85e711cf2 100644
--- a/osu.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="sh.ppy.osulazer" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!" android:icon="@drawable/lazer" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
+	<application android:allowBackup="true"
+				 android:supportsRtl="true"
+				 android:label="osu!"
+				 android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
+				 android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
 	<!-- for editor usage -->
 	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" />
 	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO" />
diff --git a/osu.Android/OsuGameActivity.cs b/osu.Android/OsuGameActivity.cs
index 33ffed432e..bbee491d90 100644
--- a/osu.Android/OsuGameActivity.cs
+++ b/osu.Android/OsuGameActivity.cs
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ namespace osu.Android
             Debug.Assert(Resources?.DisplayMetrics != null);
 
             Point displaySize = new Point();
-#pragma warning disable 618 // GetSize is deprecated
+#pragma warning disable CA1422 // GetSize is deprecated
             WindowManager.DefaultDisplay.GetSize(displaySize);
-#pragma warning restore 618
+#pragma warning restore CA1422
             float smallestWidthDp = Math.Min(displaySize.X, displaySize.Y) / Resources.DisplayMetrics.Density;
             bool isTablet = smallestWidthDp >= 600f;
 
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml b/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1af30228ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+  <group android:scaleX="0.67"
+      android:scaleY="0.67"
+      android:translateX="17.82"
+      android:translateY="17.82">
+    <group>
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+                  android:pathData="M11.58,33.48C11.58,34 11.48,34.51 11.28,34.99C11.08,35.45 10.8,35.86 10.45,36.21C10.09,36.57 9.68,36.85 9.22,37.04C8.74,37.24 8.23,37.35 7.71,37.35C7.19,37.35 6.68,37.25 6.21,37.04C5.75,36.85 5.33,36.57 4.98,36.21C4.62,35.86 4.34,35.45 4.15,34.99C3.95,34.51 3.84,34 3.84,33.48C3.84,32.96 3.94,32.45 4.15,31.97C4.34,31.51 4.62,31.1 4.98,30.75C5.33,30.39 5.75,30.11 6.21,29.92C6.68,29.72 7.19,29.61 7.71,29.61C8.23,29.61 8.74,29.71 9.22,29.92C9.68,30.11 10.09,30.39 10.45,30.75C10.8,31.1 11.08,31.51 11.28,31.97C11.48,32.45 11.58,32.96 11.58,33.48ZM10.92,33.48C10.92,31.71 9.49,30.27 7.71,30.27C5.94,30.27 4.51,31.71 4.51,33.48C4.51,35.25 5.94,36.69 7.71,36.69C9.49,36.69 10.92,35.25 10.92,33.48Z"
+                  android:strokeAlpha="0.2"
+                  android:fillColor="#000000"
+                  android:fillAlpha="0.2"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </group>
+</vector>
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/lazer.png b/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/lazer.png
deleted file mode 100644
index fc7aa8a092..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/lazer.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/monochrome.xml b/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/monochrome.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e12af03bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Android/Resources/drawable/monochrome.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M73.92,44.43C74.82,44.43 75.43,45.1 75.43,46.02V54.54C75.43,55.46 74.82,56.13 73.92,56.13C73,56.13 72.41,55.46 72.41,54.54V46.02C72.41,45.1 73,44.43 73.92,44.43ZM73.92,61.55C72.82,61.55 71.95,60.68 71.95,59.58C71.95,58.51 72.82,57.64 73.92,57.64C75.02,57.64 75.89,58.51 75.89,59.58C75.89,60.68 75.02,61.55 73.92,61.55Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M68.41,48.55C69.33,48.55 69.92,49.22 69.92,50.11V55.77C69.92,59.94 67.35,61.55 64.22,61.55C61.08,61.55 58.5,59.94 58.5,55.77V50.11C58.5,49.22 59.09,48.55 60.01,48.55C60.91,48.55 61.52,49.22 61.52,50.11V55.56C61.52,57.84 62.48,58.74 64.22,58.74C65.94,58.74 66.9,57.84 66.9,55.56V50.11C66.9,49.22 67.51,48.55 68.41,48.55Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M49.94,52.01C49.94,52.85 50.81,53.16 52.47,53.54C54.78,54.1 56.98,54.69 56.98,57.53C56.98,60.3 54.93,61.55 51.99,61.55C49.56,61.55 47.79,60.71 46.97,59.73C46.33,58.97 46.41,58.3 47.02,57.71C47.79,56.97 48.46,57.28 48.89,57.66C49.58,58.3 50.43,58.97 52.07,58.97C53.29,58.97 54.06,58.56 54.06,57.74C54.06,56.92 53.24,56.64 51.09,56.05C48.97,55.46 47.08,54.9 47.08,52.36C47.08,49.52 49.38,48.35 51.94,48.35C53.4,48.35 55.06,48.73 56.08,49.83C56.52,50.27 56.85,50.88 56.08,51.72C55.32,52.52 54.75,52.29 54.22,51.88C53.73,51.52 52.88,50.91 51.6,50.91C50.73,50.91 49.94,51.19 49.94,52.01Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M38.79,61.55C34.9,61.55 32.11,58.74 32.11,54.95C32.11,51.14 34.9,48.35 38.79,48.35C42.68,48.35 45.47,51.14 45.47,54.95C45.47,58.74 42.68,61.55 38.79,61.55ZM38.79,58.74C41.04,58.74 42.45,57.1 42.45,54.95C42.45,52.8 41.04,51.14 38.79,51.14C36.54,51.14 35.13,52.8 35.13,54.95C35.13,57.1 36.54,58.74 38.79,58.74Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M86,54C86,71.67 71.67,86 54,86C36.33,86 22,71.67 22,54C22,36.33 36.33,22 54,22C71.67,22 86,36.33 86,54ZM25.2,54C25.2,69.91 38.09,82.8 54,82.8C69.91,82.8 82.8,69.91 82.8,54C82.8,38.09 69.91,25.2 54,25.2C38.09,25.2 25.2,38.09 25.2,54Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="M36.78,54.99C36.78,56.09 37.65,56.96 38.75,56.96C39.85,56.96 40.72,56.09 40.72,54.99C40.72,53.91 39.85,53.04 38.75,53.04C37.65,53.04 36.78,53.91 36.78,54.99Z"
+      android:fillColor="#000000"/>
+</vector>
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7133c9c861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <background android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"/>
+    <foreground android:drawable="@mipmap/ic_launcher_foreground"/>
+    <monochrome android:drawable="@drawable/monochrome"/>
+</adaptive-icon>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7870430484
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2ec3e49da
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a01d8f781
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e22f256562
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5e1a9e379
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cc3fa9072
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a37b0449e
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b856a31b2
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65751e15c9
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05c6829a47
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Android/Resources/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_foreground.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj b/osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj
index 1507bfaa29..be2e669728 100644
--- a/osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Android</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Android</AssemblyName>
-    <UseMauiEssentials>true</UseMauiEssentials>
-    <!-- This currently causes random lockups during gameplay. https://github.com/mono/mono/issues/18973 -->
-    <EnableLLVM>false</EnableLLVM>
     <Version>0.0.0</Version>
     <ApplicationVersion Condition=" '$(ApplicationVersion)' == '' ">1</ApplicationVersion>
     <ApplicationDisplayVersion Condition=" '$(ApplicationDisplayVersion)' == '' ">$(Version)</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
@@ -19,4 +16,7 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game\osu.Game.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Essentials" Version="8.0.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/osu.Desktop.slnf b/osu.Desktop.slnf
index 503e5935f5..606988ccdf 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop.slnf
+++ b/osu.Desktop.slnf
@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
       "osu.Game.Tournament.Tests\\osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj",
       "osu.Game.Tournament\\osu.Game.Tournament.csproj",
       "osu.Game\\osu.Game.csproj",
-
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
       "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj",
-      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj"
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-empty\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling\\osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj",
+      "Templates\\Rulesets\\ruleset-scrolling-example\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon\\osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.csproj"
     ]
   }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs b/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs
index bb3a59cc7f..78a814c585 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs
+++ b/osu.Desktop/NVAPI.cs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                     return false;
 
                 // Make sure that this is a laptop.
-                var gpus = new IntPtr[64];
+                IntPtr[] gpus = new IntPtr[64];
                 if (checkError(EnumPhysicalGPUs(gpus, out int gpuCount)))
                     return false;
 
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = NVAPI.UNICODE_STRING_MAX)]
         public string ProfileName;
 
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray)]
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 32)]
         public uint[] GPUSupport;
 
         public uint IsPredefined;
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/Program.cs b/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
index a652e31f62..2201502e39 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
+++ b/osu.Desktop/Program.cs
@@ -30,18 +30,25 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
         [STAThread]
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
-            // NVIDIA profiles are based on the executable name of a process.
-            // Lazer and stable share the same executable name.
-            // Stable sets this setting to "Off", which may not be what we want, so let's force it back to the default "Auto" on startup.
-            NVAPI.ThreadedOptimisations = NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
-
-            // run Squirrel first, as the app may exit after these run
+            /*
+             * WARNING: DO NOT PLACE **ANY** CODE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING BLOCK!
+             *
+             * Logic handling Squirrel MUST run before EVERYTHING if you do not want to break it.
+             * To be more precise: Squirrel is internally using a rather... crude method to determine whether it is running under NUnit,
+             * namely by checking loaded assemblies:
+             * https://github.com/clowd/Clowd.Squirrel/blob/24427217482deeeb9f2cacac555525edfc7bd9ac/src/Squirrel/SimpleSplat/PlatformModeDetector.cs#L17-L32
+             *
+             * If it finds ANY assembly from the ones listed above - REGARDLESS of the reason why it is loaded -
+             * the app will then do completely broken things like:
+             * - not creating system shortcuts (as the logic is if'd out if "running tests")
+             * - not exiting after the install / first-update / uninstall hooks are ran (as the `Environment.Exit()` calls are if'd out if "running tests")
+             */
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
                 var windowsVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
 
-                // While .NET 6 still supports Windows 7 and above, we are limited by realm currently, as they choose to only support 8.1 and higher.
-                // See https://www.mongodb.com/docs/realm/sdk/dotnet/#supported-platforms
+                // While .NET 8 only supports Windows 10 and above, running on Windows 7/8.1 may still work. We are limited by realm currently, as they choose to only support 8.1 and higher.
+                // See https://www.mongodb.com/docs/realm/sdk/dotnet/compatibility/
                 if (windowsVersion.Major < 6 || (windowsVersion.Major == 6 && windowsVersion.Minor <= 2))
                 {
                     // If users running in compatibility mode becomes more of a common thing, we may want to provide better guidance or even consider
@@ -59,6 +66,11 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 setupSquirrel();
             }
 
+            // NVIDIA profiles are based on the executable name of a process.
+            // Lazer and stable share the same executable name.
+            // Stable sets this setting to "Off", which may not be what we want, so let's force it back to the default "Auto" on startup.
+            NVAPI.ThreadedOptimisations = NvThreadControlSetting.OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT;
+
             // Back up the cwd before DesktopGameHost changes it
             string cwd = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
 
@@ -90,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 }
             }
 
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(gameName, new HostOptions { BindIPC = !tournamentClient }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(gameName, new HostOptions { IPCPort = !tournamentClient ? OsuGame.IPC_PORT : null }))
             {
                 if (!host.IsPrimaryInstance)
                 {
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/lazer.ico b/osu.Desktop/lazer.ico
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a6aa8abb9f..a3280f0de0
Binary files a/osu.Desktop/lazer.ico and b/osu.Desktop/lazer.ico differ
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj b/osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj
index f37cfdc5f1..cf2ec6e681 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj
+++ b/osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>A free-to-win rhythm game. Rhythm is just a *click* away!</Description>
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.10.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.11.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Posix.NETStandard" Version="1.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="7.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="8.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.2.1.24" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Resources">
diff --git a/osu.Desktop/osu.nuspec b/osu.Desktop/osu.nuspec
index db58c325bd..f85698680e 100644
--- a/osu.Desktop/osu.nuspec
+++ b/osu.Desktop/osu.nuspec
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@
         <authors>ppy Pty Ltd</authors>
         <owners>Dean Herbert</owners>
         <projectUrl>https://osu.ppy.sh/</projectUrl>
-        <iconUrl>https://puu.sh/tYyXZ/9a01a5d1b0.ico</iconUrl>
+        <iconUrl>https://github.com/ppy/osu/blob/master/assets/lazer-nuget.png?raw=true</iconUrl>
+        <icon>icon.png</icon>
         <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
         <description>A free-to-win rhythm game. Rhythm is just a *click* away!</description>
         <releaseNotes>testing</releaseNotes>
-        <copyright>Copyright (c) 2022 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
+        <copyright>Copyright (c) 2024 ppy Pty Ltd</copyright>
         <language>en-AU</language>
     </metadata>
     <files>
@@ -19,5 +20,6 @@
       <file src="**.dll" target="lib\net45\"/>
       <file src="**.config" target="lib\net45\"/>
       <file src="**.json" target="lib\net45\"/>
+      <file src="icon.png" target=""/>
     </files>
 </package>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkUnstableRate.cs b/osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkUnstableRate.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa229c7d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkUnstableRate.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
+{
+    public class BenchmarkUnstableRate : BenchmarkTest
+    {
+        private List<HitEvent> events = null!;
+
+        public override void SetUp()
+        {
+            base.SetUp();
+            events = new List<HitEvent>();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
+                events.Add(new HitEvent(RNG.NextDouble(-200.0, 200.0), RNG.NextDouble(1.0, 2.0), HitResult.Great, new HitObject(), null, null));
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void CalculateUnstableRate()
+        {
+            _ = events.CalculateUnstableRate();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj b/osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj
index 5de21a68d0..64da5412a8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Benchmarks/osu.Game.Benchmarks.csproj
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.9" />
-    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index 52b34959b9..b6ab91ed5c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!-- using a different name because package name cannot contain 'catch' -->
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch_Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
 	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!catch Test" />
 </manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android.csproj
index 4ee3219442..4b2e54be67 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android</AssemblyName>
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game\osu.Game.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</Project>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS.csproj
index acf12bb0ac..9c262a752a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.iOS</AssemblyName>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index 201343a036..7b9291c870 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchSkinConfiguration.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchSkinConfiguration.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index e2fc31d869..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatchSkinConfiguration.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-#nullable disable
-
-using System.Linq;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Testing;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Judgements;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Skinning;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI;
-using osu.Game.Skinning;
-using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
-using Direction = osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI.Direction;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
-{
-    public partial class TestSceneCatchSkinConfiguration : OsuTestScene
-    {
-        private Catcher catcher;
-
-        private readonly Container container;
-
-        public TestSceneCatchSkinConfiguration()
-        {
-            Add(container = new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both });
-        }
-
-        [TestCase(false)]
-        [TestCase(true)]
-        public void TestCatcherPlateFlipping(bool flip)
-        {
-            AddStep("setup catcher", () =>
-            {
-                var skin = new TestSkin { FlipCatcherPlate = flip };
-                container.Child = new SkinProvidingContainer(skin)
-                {
-                    Child = catcher = new Catcher(new DroppedObjectContainer())
-                    {
-                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre
-                    }
-                };
-            });
-
-            Fruit fruit = new Fruit();
-
-            AddStep("catch fruit", () => catchFruit(fruit, 20));
-
-            float position = 0;
-
-            AddStep("record fruit position", () => position = getCaughtObjectPosition(fruit));
-
-            AddStep("face left", () => catcher.VisualDirection = Direction.Left);
-
-            if (flip)
-                AddAssert("fruit position changed", () => !Precision.AlmostEquals(getCaughtObjectPosition(fruit), position));
-            else
-                AddAssert("fruit position unchanged", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(getCaughtObjectPosition(fruit), position));
-
-            AddStep("face right", () => catcher.VisualDirection = Direction.Right);
-
-            AddAssert("fruit position restored", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(getCaughtObjectPosition(fruit), position));
-        }
-
-        private float getCaughtObjectPosition(Fruit fruit)
-        {
-            var caughtObject = catcher.ChildrenOfType<CaughtObject>().Single(c => c.HitObject == fruit);
-            return caughtObject.Parent!.ToSpaceOfOtherDrawable(caughtObject.Position, catcher).X;
-        }
-
-        private void catchFruit(Fruit fruit, float x)
-        {
-            fruit.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
-            var drawableFruit = new DrawableFruit(fruit) { X = x };
-            var judgement = fruit.CreateJudgement();
-            catcher.OnNewResult(drawableFruit, new CatchJudgementResult(fruit, judgement)
-            {
-                Type = judgement.MaxResult
-            });
-        }
-
-        private class TestSkin : TrianglesSkin
-        {
-            public bool FlipCatcherPlate { get; set; }
-
-            public TestSkin()
-                : base(null!)
-            {
-            }
-
-            public override IBindable<TValue> GetConfig<TLookup, TValue>(TLookup lookup)
-            {
-                if (lookup is CatchSkinConfiguration config)
-                {
-                    if (config == CatchSkinConfiguration.FlipCatcherPlate)
-                        return SkinUtils.As<TValue>(new Bindable<bool>(FlipCatcherPlate));
-                }
-
-                return base.GetConfig<TLookup, TValue>(lookup);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcher.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcher.cs
index f60ae29f77..b03fa00f76 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/TestSceneCatcher.cs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests
 
         private JudgementResult createResult(CatchHitObject hitObject)
         {
-            return new CatchJudgementResult(hitObject, hitObject.CreateJudgement())
+            return new CatchJudgementResult(hitObject, hitObject.Judgement)
             {
                 Type = catcher.CanCatch(hitObject) ? HitResult.Great : HitResult.Miss
             };
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.csproj
index c45c85833c..619081c754 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Project References">
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj" />
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModFloatingFruits.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModFloatingFruits.cs
index 9d88c90576..f933b9a28f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModFloatingFruits.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Mods/CatchModFloatingFruits.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Mods
         public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<CatchHitObject> drawableRuleset)
         {
             drawableRuleset.PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.Scale = new Vector2(1, -1);
-            drawableRuleset.PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.Y = 1 - drawableRuleset.PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.Y;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableCatchHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableCatchHitObject.cs
index 7f8c17861d..64705f9909 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableCatchHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Objects/Drawables/DrawableCatchHitObject.cs
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects.Drawables
             if (CheckPosition == null) return;
 
             if (timeOffset >= 0 && Result != null)
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = CheckPosition.Invoke(HitObject) ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+            {
+                if (CheckPosition.Invoke(HitObject))
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
+                else
+                    ApplyMinResult();
+            }
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
index 161a59c5fd..12a4182bf1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Scoring/CatchScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Scoring
             return baseIncrease * Math.Min(Math.Max(0.5, Math.Log(result.ComboAfterJudgement, combo_base)), Math.Log(combo_cap, combo_base));
         }
 
-        public override ScoreRank RankFromAccuracy(double accuracy)
+        public override ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
         {
             if (accuracy == accuracy_cutoff_x)
                 return ScoreRank.X;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/CatchSkinConfiguration.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/CatchSkinConfiguration.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index ea8d742b1a..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/CatchSkinConfiguration.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Skinning
-{
-    public enum CatchSkinConfiguration
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the contents of the catcher plate should be visually flipped when the catcher direction is changed.
-        /// </summary>
-        FlipCatcherPlate
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/Legacy/CatchLegacySkinTransformer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/Legacy/CatchLegacySkinTransformer.cs
index fb8af9bdb6..d1ef47cf17 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/Legacy/CatchLegacySkinTransformer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/Skinning/Legacy/CatchLegacySkinTransformer.cs
@@ -122,19 +122,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Skinning.Legacy
 
                     result.Value = LegacyColourCompatibility.DisallowZeroAlpha(result.Value);
                     return (IBindable<TValue>)result;
-
-                case CatchSkinConfiguration config:
-                    switch (config)
-                    {
-                        case CatchSkinConfiguration.FlipCatcherPlate:
-                            // Don't flip catcher plate contents if the catcher is provided by this legacy skin.
-                            if (GetDrawableComponent(new CatchSkinComponentLookup(CatchSkinComponents.Catcher)) != null)
-                                return (IBindable<TValue>)new Bindable<bool>();
-
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                    break;
             }
 
             return base.GetConfig<TLookup, TValue>(lookup);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
index 11531011ee..74dfa6c1fd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
@@ -17,24 +17,36 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
 
         public CatchPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer()
         {
-            Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre;
-            Origin = Anchor.TopCentre;
+            const float base_game_width = 1024f;
+            const float base_game_height = 768f;
 
-            // playfields in stable are positioned vertically at three fourths the difference between the playfield height and the window height in stable.
-            // we can match that in lazer by using relative coordinates for Y and considering window height to be 1, and playfield height to be 0.8.
-            RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Y;
-            Y = (1 - playfield_size_adjust) / 4 * 3;
+            // extra bottom space for the catcher to not get cut off at tall resolutions lower than 4:3 (e.g. 5:4). number chosen based on testing with maximum catcher scale (i.e. CS 0).
+            const float extra_bottom_space = 200f;
 
-            Size = new Vector2(playfield_size_adjust);
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
 
             InternalChild = new Container
             {
+                // This container limits vertical visibility of the playfield to ensure fairness between wide and tall resolutions (i.e. tall resolutions should not see more fruits).
+                // Note that the container still extends across the screen horizontally, so that hit explosions at the sides of the playfield do not get cut off.
+                Name = "Visible area",
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                FillMode = FillMode.Fit,
-                FillAspectRatio = 4f / 3,
-                Child = content = new ScalingContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both, }
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                Height = base_game_height + extra_bottom_space,
+                Y = extra_bottom_space / 2,
+                Masking = true,
+                Child = new Container
+                {
+                    Name = "Playable area",
+                    Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                    // playfields in stable are positioned vertically at three fourths the difference between the playfield height and the window height in stable.
+                    Y = base_game_height * ((1 - playfield_size_adjust) / 4 * 3),
+                    Size = new Vector2(base_game_width, base_game_height) * playfield_size_adjust,
+                    Child = content = new ScalingContainer { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both }
+                },
             };
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/Catcher.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/Catcher.cs
index 147850a9b7..dca01fc61a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/Catcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/UI/Catcher.cs
@@ -112,11 +112,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
 
         public Vector2 BodyScale => Scale * body.Scale;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the contents of the catcher plate should be visually flipped when the catcher direction is changed.
-        /// </summary>
-        private bool flipCatcherPlate;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Width of the area that can be used to attempt catches during gameplay.
         /// </summary>
@@ -339,8 +334,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
                 skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinColour, Color4>(CatchSkinColour.HyperDash)?.Value ??
                 DEFAULT_HYPER_DASH_COLOUR;
 
-            flipCatcherPlate = skin.GetConfig<CatchSkinConfiguration, bool>(CatchSkinConfiguration.FlipCatcherPlate)?.Value ?? true;
-
             runHyperDashStateTransition(HyperDashing);
         }
 
@@ -352,8 +345,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.UI
 
             body.Scale = scaleFromDirection;
             // Inverse of catcher scale is applied here, as catcher gets scaled by circle size and so do the incoming fruit.
-            caughtObjectContainer.Scale = (1 / Scale.X) * (flipCatcherPlate ? scaleFromDirection : Vector2.One);
-            hitExplosionContainer.Scale = flipCatcherPlate ? scaleFromDirection : Vector2.One;
+            caughtObjectContainer.Scale = new Vector2(1 / Scale.X);
 
             // Correct overshooting.
             if ((hyperDashDirection > 0 && hyperDashTargetPosition < X) ||
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj
index ecce7c1b3f..a5138ffb39 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch/osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>catch the fruit. to the beat.</Description>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index f5a49210ea..df4930419c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
 	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!mania Test" />
 </manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android.csproj
index 25335754d2..2866508a02 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android</AssemblyName>
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania\osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game\osu.Game.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</Project>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS.csproj
index 51e07dd6c1..d51e541e95 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.iOS</AssemblyName>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index f6a067a831..b8dafda8b5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModFadeIn.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModFadeIn.cs
index 2c8c151e7f..9620897983 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModFadeIn.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModFadeIn.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
@@ -11,9 +21,80 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
 
-        [TestCase(0.5f)]
-        [TestCase(0.1f)]
-        [TestCase(0.7f)]
-        public void TestCoverage(float coverage) => CreateModTest(new ModTestData { Mod = new ManiaModFadeIn { Coverage = { Value = coverage } }, PassCondition = () => true });
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMinCoverageFullWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MIN_COVERAGE)
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMinCoverageHalfWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MIN_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set playfield width to 0.5", () => Player.Width = 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMaxCoverageFullWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MAX_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set combo to 480", () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value = 480);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMaxCoverageHalfWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MAX_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set combo to 480", () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value = 480);
+            AddStep("set playfield width to 0.5", () => Player.Width = 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoCoverageDuringBreak()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                Beatmap = new Beatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = Enumerable.Range(1, 100).Select(i => (HitObject)new Note { StartTime = 1000 + 200 * i }).ToList(),
+                    Breaks = { new BreakPeriod(2000, 28000) }
+                },
+                PassCondition = () => Player.IsBreakTime.Value && checkCoverage(0)
+            });
+        }
+
+        private bool checkCoverage(float expected)
+        {
+            Drawable? cover = this.ChildrenOfType<PlayfieldCoveringWrapper>().FirstOrDefault();
+            Drawable? filledArea = cover?.ChildrenOfType<Box>().LastOrDefault();
+
+            if (filledArea == null)
+                return false;
+
+            float scale = cover!.DrawHeight / (768 - Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION);
+
+            // A bit of lenience because the test may end up hitting hitobjects before any assertions.
+            return Precision.AlmostEquals(filledArea.DrawHeight / scale, expected, 0.1);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModHidden.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModHidden.cs
index 204f26f151..ae23c4573c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModHidden.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Mods/TestSceneManiaModHidden.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
@@ -11,9 +21,80 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Mods
     {
         protected override Ruleset CreatePlayerRuleset() => new ManiaRuleset();
 
-        [TestCase(0.5f)]
-        [TestCase(0.2f)]
-        [TestCase(0.8f)]
-        public void TestCoverage(float coverage) => CreateModTest(new ModTestData { Mod = new ManiaModHidden { Coverage = { Value = coverage } }, PassCondition = () => true });
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMinCoverageFullWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MIN_COVERAGE)
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMinCoverageHalfWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MIN_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set playfield width to 0.5", () => Player.Width = 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMaxCoverageFullWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MAX_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set combo to 480", () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value = 480);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMaxCoverageHalfWidth()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                PassCondition = () => checkCoverage(ManiaModHidden.MAX_COVERAGE)
+            });
+
+            AddStep("set combo to 480", () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value = 480);
+            AddStep("set playfield width to 0.5", () => Player.Width = 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoCoverageDuringBreak()
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new ManiaModHidden(),
+                Beatmap = new Beatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = Enumerable.Range(1, 100).Select(i => (HitObject)new Note { StartTime = 1000 + 200 * i }).ToList(),
+                    Breaks = { new BreakPeriod(2000, 28000) }
+                },
+                PassCondition = () => Player.IsBreakTime.Value && checkCoverage(0)
+            });
+        }
+
+        private bool checkCoverage(float expected)
+        {
+            Drawable? cover = this.ChildrenOfType<PlayfieldCoveringWrapper>().FirstOrDefault();
+            Drawable? filledArea = cover?.ChildrenOfType<Box>().LastOrDefault();
+
+            if (filledArea == null)
+                return false;
+
+            float scale = cover!.DrawHeight / (768 - Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION);
+
+            // A bit of lenience because the test may end up hitting hitobjects before any assertions.
+            return Precision.AlmostEquals(filledArea.DrawHeight / scale, expected, 0.1);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs
index ab9f57ecc3..a5c18babe2 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
@@ -16,37 +14,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Skinning
         [Test]
         public void TestMinor()
         {
-            AddStep("Create barlines", () => recreate());
+            AddStep("Create barlines", recreate);
         }
 
-        private void recreate(Func<IEnumerable<BarLine>>? createBarLines = null)
+        private void recreate()
         {
             var stageDefinitions = new List<StageDefinition>
             {
                 new StageDefinition(4),
             };
 
-            SetContents(_ => new ManiaPlayfield(stageDefinitions).With(s =>
+            SetContents(_ =>
             {
-                if (createBarLines != null)
+                var maniaPlayfield = new ManiaPlayfield(stageDefinitions);
+
+                // Must be scheduled so the pool is loaded before we try and retrieve from it.
+                Schedule(() =>
                 {
-                    var barLines = createBarLines();
-
-                    foreach (var b in barLines)
-                        s.Add(b);
-
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
-                {
-                    s.Add(new BarLine
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
                     {
-                        StartTime = Time.Current + i * 500,
-                        Major = i % 4 == 0,
-                    });
-                }
-            }));
+                        maniaPlayfield.Add(new BarLine
+                        {
+                            StartTime = Time.Current + i * 500,
+                            Major = i % 4 == 0,
+                        });
+                    }
+                });
+
+                return maniaPlayfield;
+            });
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestScenePlayfieldCoveringContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestScenePlayfieldCoveringContainer.cs
index 2a8dc715f9..341d52afcf 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestScenePlayfieldCoveringContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestScenePlayfieldCoveringContainer.cs
@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
         public void TestScrollingDownwards()
         {
             AddStep("set down scroll", () => scrollingContainer.Direction = ScrollingDirection.Down);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.5", () => cover.Coverage = 0.5f);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.8f", () => cover.Coverage = 0.8f);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.2f", () => cover.Coverage = 0.2f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.5", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.5f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.8f", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.8f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.2f", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.2f);
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestScrollingUpwards()
         {
             AddStep("set up scroll", () => scrollingContainer.Direction = ScrollingDirection.Up);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.5", () => cover.Coverage = 0.5f);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.8f", () => cover.Coverage = 0.8f);
-            AddStep("set coverage = 0.2f", () => cover.Coverage = 0.2f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.5", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.5f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.8f", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.8f);
+            AddStep("set coverage = 0.2f", () => cover.Coverage.Value = 0.2f);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneStage.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneStage.cs
index fee3ba3e39..db04142915 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneStage.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/TestSceneStage.cs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
         {
             foreach (var stage in stages)
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < stage.Columns.Count; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < stage.Columns.Length; i++)
                 {
                     var obj = new Note { Column = i, StartTime = Time.Current + 2000 };
                     obj.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests
         {
             foreach (var stage in stages)
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < stage.Columns.Count; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < stage.Columns.Length; i++)
                 {
                     var obj = new HoldNote { Column = i, StartTime = Time.Current + 2000, Duration = 500 };
                     obj.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.csproj
index b991db408c..eee06acdb8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Project References">
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania\osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj" />
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Difficulty/ManiaDifficultyCalculator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Difficulty/ManiaDifficultyCalculator.cs
index 6bb6879052..4190e74e51 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Difficulty/ManiaDifficultyCalculator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Difficulty/ManiaDifficultyCalculator.cs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Difficulty
         private readonly bool isForCurrentRuleset;
         private readonly double originalOverallDifficulty;
 
-        public override int Version => 20220902;
+        public override int Version => 20230817;
 
         public ManiaDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
             : base(ruleset, beatmap)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs
index c38d6519bd..0b54fb3da0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/ManiaRuleset.cs
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
                         new ManiaModHardRock(),
                         new MultiMod(new ManiaModSuddenDeath(), new ManiaModPerfect()),
                         new MultiMod(new ManiaModDoubleTime(), new ManiaModNightcore()),
-                        new MultiMod(new ManiaModFadeIn(), new ManiaModHidden()),
+                        new MultiMod(new ManiaModFadeIn(), new ManiaModHidden(), new ManiaModCover()),
                         new ManiaModFlashlight(),
                         new ModAccuracyChallenge(),
                     };
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania
         /// <returns>The <see cref="PlayfieldType"/> that corresponds to <paramref name="variant"/>.</returns>
         private PlayfieldType getPlayfieldType(int variant)
         {
-            return (PlayfieldType)Enum.GetValues(typeof(PlayfieldType)).Cast<int>().OrderByDescending(i => i).First(v => variant >= v);
+            return (PlayfieldType)Enum.GetValues(typeof(PlayfieldType)).Cast<int>().OrderDescending().First(v => variant >= v);
         }
 
         protected override IEnumerable<HitResult> GetValidHitResults()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaKeyMod.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaKeyMod.cs
index 050b302bd8..88d6a19822 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaKeyMod.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaKeyMod.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public abstract int KeyCount { get; }
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Conversion;
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1; // TODO: Implement the mania key mod score multiplier
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         public void ApplyToBeatmapConverter(IBeatmapConverter beatmapConverter)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModCover.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModCover.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb243bfab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModCover.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
+{
+    public class ManiaModCover : ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover
+    {
+        public override string Name => "Cover";
+        public override string Acronym => "CO";
+
+        public override LocalisableString Description => @"Decrease the playfield's viewing area.";
+
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+
+        protected override CoverExpandDirection ExpandDirection => Direction.Value;
+
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[]
+        {
+            typeof(ManiaModHidden),
+            typeof(ManiaModFadeIn)
+        }).ToArray();
+
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
+
+        [SettingSource("Coverage", "The proportion of playfield height that notes will be hidden for.")]
+        public override BindableNumber<float> Coverage { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)
+        {
+            Precision = 0.1f,
+            MinValue = 0.2f,
+            MaxValue = 0.8f,
+            Default = 0.5f,
+        };
+
+        [SettingSource("Direction", "The direction on which the cover is applied")]
+        public Bindable<CoverExpandDirection> Direction { get; } = new Bindable<CoverExpandDirection>();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModFadeIn.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModFadeIn.cs
index 196514c7b1..54a0b8f36d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModFadeIn.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModFadeIn.cs
@@ -3,29 +3,24 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public class ManiaModFadeIn : ManiaModPlayfieldCover
+    public class ManiaModFadeIn : ManiaModHidden
     {
         public override string Name => "Fade In";
         public override string Acronym => "FI";
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Keys appear out of nowhere!";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
 
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Append(typeof(ManiaModHidden)).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[]
+        {
+            typeof(ManiaModHidden),
+            typeof(ManiaModCover)
+        }).ToArray();
 
         protected override CoverExpandDirection ExpandDirection => CoverExpandDirection.AlongScroll;
-
-        public override BindableNumber<float> Coverage { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)
-        {
-            Precision = 0.1f,
-            MinValue = 0.1f,
-            MaxValue = 0.7f,
-            Default = 0.5f,
-        };
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHardRock.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHardRock.cs
index d9de06a811..189c4b3a5f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHardRock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHardRock.cs
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
     public class ManiaModHardRock : ModHardRock
     {
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHidden.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHidden.cs
index f23cb335a5..5ddc627642 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHidden.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModHidden.cs
@@ -3,27 +3,104 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
+using osu.Game.Skinning;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public class ManiaModHidden : ManiaModPlayfieldCover
+    public partial class ManiaModHidden : ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover, IApplicableToPlayer, IUpdatableByPlayfield
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// osu!stable is referenced to 768px.
+        /// </summary>
+        private const float reference_playfield_height = 768;
+
+        public const float MIN_COVERAGE = 160f;
+        public const float MAX_COVERAGE = 400f;
+        private const float coverage_increase_per_combo = 0.5f;
+
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Keys fade out before you hit them!";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
 
-        public override BindableNumber<float> Coverage { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[]
         {
-            Precision = 0.1f,
-            MinValue = 0.2f,
-            MaxValue = 0.8f,
-            Default = 0.5f,
-        };
-
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Append(typeof(ManiaModFadeIn)).ToArray();
+            typeof(ManiaModFadeIn),
+            typeof(ManiaModCover)
+        }).ToArray();
 
+        public override BindableNumber<float> Coverage { get; } = new BindableFloat(MIN_COVERAGE);
         protected override CoverExpandDirection ExpandDirection => CoverExpandDirection.AgainstScroll;
+
+        private readonly IBindable<bool> isBreakTime = new Bindable<bool>();
+        private readonly BindableInt combo = new BindableInt();
+
+        public override void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
+        {
+            base.ApplyToScoreProcessor(scoreProcessor);
+
+            combo.UnbindAll();
+            combo.BindTo(scoreProcessor.Combo);
+        }
+
+        public void ApplyToPlayer(Player player)
+        {
+            isBreakTime.UnbindAll();
+            isBreakTime.BindTo(player.IsBreakTime);
+        }
+
+        public void Update(Playfield playfield)
+        {
+            Coverage.Value = isBreakTime.Value
+                ? 0
+                : Math.Min(MAX_COVERAGE, MIN_COVERAGE + combo.Value * coverage_increase_per_combo) / reference_playfield_height;
+        }
+
+        protected override PlayfieldCoveringWrapper CreateCover(Drawable content) => new LegacyPlayfieldCover(content);
+
+        private partial class LegacyPlayfieldCover : PlayfieldCoveringWrapper
+        {
+            [Resolved]
+            private ISkinSource skin { get; set; } = null!;
+
+            private IBindable<float>? hitPosition;
+
+            public LegacyPlayfieldCover(Drawable content)
+                : base(content)
+            {
+            }
+
+            protected override void LoadComplete()
+            {
+                base.LoadComplete();
+
+                skin.SourceChanged += onSkinChanged;
+                onSkinChanged();
+            }
+
+            private void onSkinChanged()
+            {
+                hitPosition = skin.GetManiaSkinConfig<float>(LegacyManiaSkinConfigurationLookups.HitPosition);
+            }
+
+            protected override float GetHeight(float coverage)
+            {
+                // In osu!stable, the cover is applied in absolute (x768) coordinates from the hit position.
+                float availablePlayfieldHeight = Math.Abs(reference_playfield_height - (hitPosition?.Value ?? Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION));
+
+                if (availablePlayfieldHeight == 0)
+                    return base.GetHeight(coverage);
+
+                return base.GetHeight(coverage) * reference_playfield_height / availablePlayfieldHeight;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey1.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey1.cs
index 31f52610e9..7dd0c499da 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey1.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey1.cs
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public override string Name => "One Key";
         public override string Acronym => "1K";
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Play with one key.";
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey10.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey10.cs
index 67e65b887a..a6c57d4597 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey10.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey10.cs
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public override string Name => "Ten Keys";
         public override string Acronym => "10K";
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Play with ten keys.";
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey2.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey2.cs
index 0f8148d252..0d04395a52 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey2.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey2.cs
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public override string Name => "Two Keys";
         public override string Acronym => "2K";
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Play with two keys.";
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey3.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey3.cs
index 0f8af7940c..c83b0979ee 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey3.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModKey3.cs
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         public override string Name => "Three Keys";
         public override string Acronym => "3K";
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Play with three keys.";
+        public override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModMirror.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModMirror.cs
index f9690b4298..cc7e270dda 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModMirror.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModMirror.cs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
     public class ManiaModMirror : ModMirror, IApplicableToBeatmap
     {
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Notes are flipped horizontally.";
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModPlayfieldCover.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover.cs
similarity index 78%
rename from osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModPlayfieldCover.cs
rename to osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover.cs
index bc76c5cfe9..864ef6c3d6 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModPlayfieldCover.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Mods/ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover.cs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
 {
-    public abstract class ManiaModPlayfieldCover : ModHidden, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<ManiaHitObject>
+    public abstract class ManiaModWithPlayfieldCover : ModHidden, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<ManiaHitObject>
     {
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModFlashlight<ManiaHitObject>) };
 
@@ -24,7 +23,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
         /// </summary>
         protected abstract CoverExpandDirection ExpandDirection { get; }
 
-        [SettingSource("Coverage", "The proportion of playfield height that notes will be hidden for.")]
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The relative area that should be completely covered. This does not include the fade.
+        /// </summary>
         public abstract BindableNumber<float> Coverage { get; }
 
         public virtual void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<ManiaHitObject> drawableRuleset)
@@ -37,15 +38,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods
                 Container hocParent = (Container)hoc.Parent!;
 
                 hocParent.Remove(hoc, false);
-                hocParent.Add(new PlayfieldCoveringWrapper(hoc).With(c =>
+                hocParent.Add(CreateCover(hoc).With(c =>
                 {
                     c.RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
                     c.Direction = ExpandDirection;
-                    c.Coverage = Coverage.Value;
+                    c.Coverage.BindTo(Coverage);
                 }));
             }
         }
 
+        protected virtual PlayfieldCoveringWrapper CreateCover(Drawable content) => new PlayfieldCoveringWrapper(content);
+
         protected override void ApplyIncreasedVisibilityState(DrawableHitObject hitObject, ArmedState state)
         {
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNote.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNote.cs
index 3490d50871..2b55e81788 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNote.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNote.cs
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables
             if (Tail.AllJudged)
             {
                 if (Tail.IsHit)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
                 else
                     MissForcefully();
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNoteBody.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNoteBody.cs
index 1b2efbafdf..6259033235 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNoteBody.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHoldNoteBody.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables
         {
             if (AllJudged) return;
 
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = hit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+            if (hit)
+                ApplyMaxResult();
+            else
+                ApplyMinResult();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableManiaHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableManiaHitObject.cs
index 8498fd36de..e98622b8bf 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableManiaHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableManiaHitObject.cs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables
         /// <summary>
         /// Causes this <see cref="DrawableManiaHitObject"/> to get missed, disregarding all conditions in implementations of <see cref="DrawableHitObject.CheckForResult"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public virtual void MissForcefully() => ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+        public virtual void MissForcefully() => ApplyMinResult();
     }
 
     public abstract partial class DrawableManiaHitObject<TObject> : DrawableManiaHitObject
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableNote.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableNote.cs
index 680009bc4c..f6b92ab405 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableNote.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Objects/Drawables/DrawableNote.cs
@@ -89,18 +89,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables
             if (!userTriggered)
             {
                 if (!HitObject.HitWindows.CanBeHit(timeOffset))
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                    ApplyMinResult();
 
                 return;
             }
 
             var result = HitObject.HitWindows.ResultFor(timeOffset);
+
             if (result == HitResult.None)
                 return;
 
             result = GetCappedResult(result);
-
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = result);
+            ApplyResult(result);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaScoreProcessor.cs
index 1947d86a97..0444394d87 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Scoring/ManiaScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring
         }
 
         protected override IEnumerable<HitObject> EnumerateHitObjects(IBeatmap beatmap)
-            => base.EnumerateHitObjects(beatmap).OrderBy(ho => ho, JudgementOrderComparer.DEFAULT);
+            => base.EnumerateHitObjects(beatmap).Order(JudgementOrderComparer.DEFAULT);
 
         protected override double ComputeTotalScore(double comboProgress, double accuracyProgress, double bonusPortion)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
index a191dee1ca..0052fd8b78 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning.Argon
 {
-    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : JudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
+    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : TextJudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
     {
         private const float judgement_y_position = 160;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyBodyPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyBodyPiece.cs
index 07045b76ca..a8200e0144 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyBodyPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyBodyPiece.cs
@@ -243,7 +243,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning.Legacy
 
                         bodySprite.FillMode = FillMode.Stretch;
                         // i dunno this looks about right??
-                        bodySprite.Scale = new Vector2(1, scaleDirection * 32800 / sprite.DrawHeight);
+                        // the guard against zero draw height is intended for zero-length hold notes. yes, such cases have been spotted in the wild.
+                        if (sprite.DrawHeight > 0)
+                            bodySprite.Scale = new Vector2(1, scaleDirection * 32800 / sprite.DrawHeight);
                     }
 
                     break;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ColumnFlow.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ColumnFlow.cs
index 8734f8ac8a..1593e8e76f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ColumnFlow.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ColumnFlow.cs
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -28,20 +26,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         /// <summary>
         /// All contents added to this <see cref="ColumnFlow{TContent}"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<TContent> Content => columns.Children.Select(c => c.Count == 0 ? null : (TContent)c.Child).ToList();
+        public TContent[] Content { get; }
 
-        private readonly FillFlowContainer<Container> columns;
+        private readonly FillFlowContainer<Container<TContent>> columns;
         private readonly StageDefinition stageDefinition;
 
         public ColumnFlow(StageDefinition stageDefinition)
         {
             this.stageDefinition = stageDefinition;
+            Content = new TContent[stageDefinition.Columns];
 
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
 
             Masking = true;
 
-            InternalChild = columns = new FillFlowContainer<Container>
+            InternalChild = columns = new FillFlowContainer<Container<TContent>>
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                 AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             };
 
             for (int i = 0; i < stageDefinition.Columns; i++)
-                columns.Add(new Container { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y });
+                columns.Add(new Container<TContent> { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y });
         }
 
         private ISkinSource currentSkin;
@@ -102,7 +101,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="column">The index of the column to set the content of.</param>
         /// <param name="content">The content.</param>
-        public void SetContentForColumn(int column, TContent content) => columns[column].Child = content;
+        public void SetContentForColumn(int column, TContent content)
+        {
+            Content[column] = columns[column].Child = content;
+        }
 
         private void updateMobileSizing()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs
index bea536e4af..decf670c5d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/DrawableManiaRuleset.cs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Input.Handlers;
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         // Stores the current speed adjustment active in gameplay.
         private readonly Track speedAdjustmentTrack = new TrackVirtual(0);
 
-        [Resolved]
-        private ISkinSource skin { get; set; }
+        private ISkinSource currentSkin = null!;
 
-        public DrawableManiaRuleset(Ruleset ruleset, IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null)
+        public DrawableManiaRuleset(Ruleset ruleset, IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod>? mods = null)
             : base(ruleset, beatmap, mods)
         {
             BarLines = new BarLineGenerator<BarLine>(Beatmap).BarLines;
@@ -72,8 +71,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(ISkinSource source)
         {
+            currentSkin = source;
+            currentSkin.SourceChanged += onSkinChange;
+            skinChanged();
+
             foreach (var mod in Mods.OfType<IApplicableToTrack>())
                 mod.ApplyToTrack(speedAdjustmentTrack);
 
@@ -109,12 +112,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             updateTimeRange();
         }
 
+        private ScheduledDelegate? pendingSkinChange;
+        private float hitPosition;
+
+        private void onSkinChange()
+        {
+            // schedule required to avoid calls after disposed.
+            // note that this has the side-effect of components only performing a skin change when they are alive.
+            pendingSkinChange?.Cancel();
+            pendingSkinChange = Scheduler.Add(skinChanged);
+        }
+
+        private void skinChanged()
+        {
+            hitPosition = currentSkin.GetConfig<ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup, float>(
+                              new ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup(LegacyManiaSkinConfigurationLookups.HitPosition))?.Value
+                          ?? Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION;
+
+            pendingSkinChange = null;
+        }
+
         private void updateTimeRange()
         {
-            float hitPosition = skin.GetConfig<ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup, float>(
-                                    new ManiaSkinConfigurationLookup(LegacyManiaSkinConfigurationLookups.HitPosition))?.Value
-                                ?? Stage.HIT_TARGET_POSITION;
-
             const float length_to_default_hit_position = 768 - LegacyManiaSkinConfiguration.DEFAULT_HIT_POSITION;
             float lengthToHitPosition = 768 - hitPosition;
 
@@ -139,10 +158,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
         protected override PassThroughInputManager CreateInputManager() => new ManiaInputManager(Ruleset.RulesetInfo, Variant);
 
-        public override DrawableHitObject<ManiaHitObject> CreateDrawableRepresentation(ManiaHitObject h) => null;
+        public override DrawableHitObject<ManiaHitObject>? CreateDrawableRepresentation(ManiaHitObject h) => null;
 
         protected override ReplayInputHandler CreateReplayInputHandler(Replay replay) => new ManiaFramedReplayInputHandler(replay);
 
         protected override ReplayRecorder CreateReplayRecorder(Score score) => new ManiaReplayRecorder(score);
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(isDisposing);
+
+            if (currentSkin.IsNotNull())
+                currentSkin.SourceChanged -= onSkinChange;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ManiaPlayfield.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ManiaPlayfield.cs
index 314d199944..0d36f51943 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ManiaPlayfield.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/ManiaPlayfield.cs
@@ -42,7 +42,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             }
         }
 
-        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => stages.Any(s => s.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos));
+        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos)
+        {
+            foreach (var s in stages)
+            {
+                if (s.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
 
         public ManiaPlayfield(List<StageDefinition> stageDefinitions)
         {
@@ -71,7 +80,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                 stages.Add(newStage);
                 AddNested(newStage);
 
-                firstColumnIndex += newStage.Columns.Count;
+                firstColumnIndex += newStage.Columns.Length;
             }
         }
 
@@ -125,9 +134,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             foreach (var stage in stages)
             {
-                if (index >= stage.Columns.Count)
+                if (index >= stage.Columns.Length)
                 {
-                    index -= stage.Columns.Count;
+                    index -= stage.Columns.Length;
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -140,7 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         /// <summary>
         /// Retrieves the total amount of columns across all stages in this playfield.
         /// </summary>
-        public int TotalColumns => stages.Sum(s => s.Columns.Count);
+        public int TotalColumns => stages.Sum(s => s.Columns.Length);
 
         private Stage getStageByColumn(int column)
         {
@@ -148,7 +157,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             foreach (var stage in stages)
             {
-                sum += stage.Columns.Count;
+                sum += stage.Columns.Length;
                 if (sum > column)
                     return stage;
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/PlayfieldCoveringWrapper.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/PlayfieldCoveringWrapper.cs
index 92f471e36b..d8d9705530 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/PlayfieldCoveringWrapper.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/PlayfieldCoveringWrapper.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
+using System.ComponentModel;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
@@ -8,17 +10,24 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
+using Container = osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers.Container;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// A <see cref="Container"/> that has its contents partially hidden by an adjustable "cover". This is intended to be used in a playfield.
+    /// A <see cref="Framework.Graphics.Containers.Container"/> that has its contents partially hidden by an adjustable "cover". This is intended to be used in a playfield.
     /// </summary>
     public partial class PlayfieldCoveringWrapper : CompositeDrawable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The relative area that should be completely covered. This does not include the fade.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly BindableFloat Coverage = new BindableFloat();
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The complete cover, including gradient and fill.
         /// </summary>
@@ -36,6 +45,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
         private readonly IBindable<ScrollingDirection> scrollDirection = new Bindable<ScrollingDirection>();
 
+        private float currentCoverageHeight;
+
         public PlayfieldCoveringWrapper(Drawable content)
         {
             InternalChild = new BufferedContainer
@@ -94,21 +105,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             scrollDirection.BindValueChanged(onScrollDirectionChanged, true);
         }
 
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+            updateCoverSize(true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+            updateCoverSize(false);
+        }
+
+        private void updateCoverSize(bool instant)
+        {
+            float targetCoverage;
+            float targetAlpha;
+
+            if (instant)
+            {
+                targetCoverage = Coverage.Value;
+                targetAlpha = Coverage.Value > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                targetCoverage = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(currentCoverageHeight, Coverage.Value, 25, Math.Abs(Time.Elapsed));
+                targetAlpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(gradient.Alpha, Coverage.Value > 0 ? 1 : 0, 25, Math.Abs(Time.Elapsed));
+            }
+
+            filled.Height = GetHeight(targetCoverage);
+            gradient.Y = -GetHeight(targetCoverage);
+            gradient.Alpha = targetAlpha;
+
+            currentCoverageHeight = targetCoverage;
+        }
+
+        protected virtual float GetHeight(float coverage) => coverage;
+
         private void onScrollDirectionChanged(ValueChangedEvent<ScrollingDirection> direction)
             => cover.Rotation = direction.NewValue == ScrollingDirection.Up ? 0 : 180f;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The relative area that should be completely covered. This does not include the fade.
-        /// </summary>
-        public float Coverage
-        {
-            set
-            {
-                filled.Height = value;
-                gradient.Y = -value;
-            }
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// The direction in which the cover expands.
         /// </summary>
@@ -123,11 +159,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
         /// <summary>
         /// The cover expands along the scrolling direction.
         /// </summary>
+        [Description("Along scroll")]
         AlongScroll,
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The cover expands against the scrolling direction.
         /// </summary>
+        [Description("Against scroll")]
         AgainstScroll
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/Stage.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/Stage.cs
index fa9af6d157..a4a09c9a82 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/Stage.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/UI/Stage.cs
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI.Components;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -36,18 +36,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
         public const float HIT_TARGET_POSITION = 110;
 
-        public IReadOnlyList<Column> Columns => columnFlow.Content;
+        public Column[] Columns => columnFlow.Content;
         private readonly ColumnFlow<Column> columnFlow;
 
         private readonly JudgementContainer<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgements;
-        private readonly DrawablePool<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgementPool;
+        private readonly JudgementPooler<DrawableManiaJudgement> judgementPooler;
 
         private readonly Drawable barLineContainer;
 
-        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => Columns.Any(c => c.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos));
+        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos)
+        {
+            foreach (var c in Columns)
+            {
+                if (c.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
 
         private readonly int firstColumnIndex;
 
+        private ISkinSource currentSkin = null!;
+
         public Stage(int firstColumnIndex, StageDefinition definition, ref ManiaAction normalColumnStartAction, ref ManiaAction specialColumnStartAction)
         {
             this.firstColumnIndex = firstColumnIndex;
@@ -65,7 +76,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
-                judgementPool = new DrawablePool<DrawableManiaJudgement>(2),
                 new Container
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
@@ -104,7 +114,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                         },
-                        new SkinnableDrawable(new ManiaSkinComponentLookup(ManiaSkinComponents.StageForeground), _ => null)
+                        new SkinnableDrawable(new ManiaSkinComponentLookup(ManiaSkinComponents.StageForeground))
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
                         },
@@ -137,11 +147,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                 AddNested(column);
             }
 
+            var hitWindows = new ManiaHitWindows();
+
+            AddInternal(judgementPooler = new JudgementPooler<DrawableManiaJudgement>(Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r => hitWindows.IsHitResultAllowed(r))));
+
             RegisterPool<BarLine, DrawableBarLine>(50, 200);
         }
 
-        private ISkinSource currentSkin;
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
 
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
-            if (currentSkin != null)
+            if (currentSkin.IsNotNull())
                 currentSkin.SourceChanged -= onSkinChanged;
         }
 
@@ -180,13 +192,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
             NewResult += OnNewResult;
         }
 
-        public override void Add(HitObject hitObject) => Columns.ElementAt(((ManiaHitObject)hitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex).Add(hitObject);
+        public override void Add(HitObject hitObject) => Columns[((ManiaHitObject)hitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex].Add(hitObject);
 
-        public override bool Remove(HitObject hitObject) => Columns.ElementAt(((ManiaHitObject)hitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex).Remove(hitObject);
+        public override bool Remove(HitObject hitObject) => Columns[((ManiaHitObject)hitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex].Remove(hitObject);
 
-        public override void Add(DrawableHitObject h) => Columns.ElementAt(((ManiaHitObject)h.HitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex).Add(h);
+        public override void Add(DrawableHitObject h) => Columns[((ManiaHitObject)h.HitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex].Add(h);
 
-        public override bool Remove(DrawableHitObject h) => Columns.ElementAt(((ManiaHitObject)h.HitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex).Remove(h);
+        public override bool Remove(DrawableHitObject h) => Columns[((ManiaHitObject)h.HitObject).Column - firstColumnIndex].Remove(h);
 
         public void Add(BarLine barLine) => base.Add(barLine);
 
@@ -196,13 +208,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI
                 return;
 
             judgements.Clear(false);
-            judgements.Add(judgementPool.Get(j =>
+            judgements.Add(judgementPooler.Get(result.Type, j =>
             {
                 j.Apply(result, judgedObject);
 
                 j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
                 j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-            }));
+            })!);
         }
 
         protected override void Update()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj
index 72f172188e..3bca938450 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania/osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>smash the keys. to the beat.</Description>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index ed4725dd94..d0c3484cfd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
 	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!standard Test" />
 </manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android.csproj
index e8a46a9828..b79de6d40b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android</AssemblyName>
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</Project>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS.csproj
index 7d50deb8ba..cc0233d7fd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests</RootNamespace>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index 61be25b845..a68d6e12c0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneEditorAutoplayFastStreams.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneEditorAutoplayFastStreams.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index cf5cd809ef..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneEditorAutoplayFastStreams.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System.Linq;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Testing;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
-using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// This test covers autoplay working correctly in the editor on fast streams.
-    /// Might seem like a weird test, but frame stability being toggled can cause autoplay to operation incorrectly.
-    /// This is clearly a bug with the autoplay algorithm, but is worked around at an editor level for now.
-    /// </summary>
-    public partial class TestSceneEditorAutoplayFastStreams : EditorTestScene
-    {
-        protected override IBeatmap CreateBeatmap(RulesetInfo ruleset)
-        {
-            var testBeatmap = new TestBeatmap(ruleset, false);
-            testBeatmap.HitObjects.AddRange(new[]
-            {
-                new HitCircle { StartTime = 500 },
-                new HitCircle { StartTime = 530 },
-                new HitCircle { StartTime = 560 },
-                new HitCircle { StartTime = 590 },
-                new HitCircle { StartTime = 620 },
-            });
-
-            return testBeatmap;
-        }
-
-        protected override Ruleset CreateEditorRuleset() => new OsuRuleset();
-
-        [Test]
-        public void TestAllHit()
-        {
-            AddStep("start playback", () => EditorClock.Start());
-            AddUntilStep("wait for all hit", () =>
-            {
-                DrawableHitCircle[] hitCircles = Editor.ChildrenOfType<DrawableHitCircle>().OrderBy(s => s.HitObject.StartTime).ToArray();
-
-                return hitCircles.Length == 5 && hitCircles.All(h => h.IsHit);
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneOsuComposerSelection.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneOsuComposerSelection.cs
index 366f17daee..b97fe5c5a8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneOsuComposerSelection.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestSceneOsuComposerSelection.cs
@@ -46,12 +46,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
             moveMouseToObject(() => slider);
 
             AddStep("seek after end", () => EditorClock.Seek(750));
-            AddUntilStep("wait for seek", () => !EditorClock.IsSeeking);
             AddStep("left click", () => InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left));
             AddAssert("slider not selected", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Count == 0);
 
             AddStep("seek to visible", () => EditorClock.Seek(650));
-            AddUntilStep("wait for seek", () => !EditorClock.IsSeeking);
             AddStep("left click", () => InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left));
             AddUntilStep("slider selected", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Single() == slider);
         }
@@ -126,6 +124,113 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
             AddAssert("selection preserved", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Count == 2);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestControlClickAddsControlPointsIfSingleSliderSelected()
+        {
+            var firstSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                StartTime = 0,
+                Position = new Vector2(0, 0),
+                Path = new SliderPath
+                {
+                    ControlPoints =
+                    {
+                        new PathControlPoint(),
+                        new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            var secondSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                StartTime = 1000,
+                Position = new Vector2(200, 200),
+                Path = new SliderPath
+                {
+                    ControlPoints =
+                    {
+                        new PathControlPoint(),
+                        new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100, -100))
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            AddStep("add objects", () => EditorBeatmap.AddRange(new HitObject[] { firstSlider, secondSlider }));
+            AddStep("select first slider", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(new HitObject[] { secondSlider }));
+
+            AddStep("move mouse to middle of slider", () =>
+            {
+                var pos = blueprintContainer.SelectionBlueprints
+                                            .First(s => s.Item == secondSlider)
+                                            .ChildrenOfType<SliderBodyPiece>().First()
+                                            .ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre;
+
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(pos);
+            });
+            AddStep("control-click left mouse", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.PressKey(Key.ControlLeft);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+                InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.ControlLeft);
+            });
+            AddAssert("selection preserved", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Count, () => Is.EqualTo(1));
+            AddAssert("slider has 3 anchors", () => secondSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Count, () => Is.EqualTo(3));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestControlClickDoesNotAddSliderControlPointsIfMultipleObjectsSelected()
+        {
+            var firstSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                StartTime = 0,
+                Position = new Vector2(0, 0),
+                Path = new SliderPath
+                {
+                    ControlPoints =
+                    {
+                        new PathControlPoint(),
+                        new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            var secondSlider = new Slider
+            {
+                StartTime = 1000,
+                Position = new Vector2(200, 200),
+                Path = new SliderPath
+                {
+                    ControlPoints =
+                    {
+                        new PathControlPoint(),
+                        new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100, -100))
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            AddStep("add objects", () => EditorBeatmap.AddRange(new HitObject[] { firstSlider, secondSlider }));
+            AddStep("select first slider", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.AddRange(new HitObject[] { firstSlider, secondSlider }));
+
+            AddStep("move mouse to middle of slider", () =>
+            {
+                var pos = blueprintContainer.SelectionBlueprints
+                                            .First(s => s.Item == secondSlider)
+                                            .ChildrenOfType<SliderBodyPiece>().First()
+                                            .ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre;
+
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(pos);
+            });
+            AddStep("control-click left mouse", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.PressKey(Key.ControlLeft);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+                InputManager.ReleaseKey(Key.ControlLeft);
+            });
+            AddAssert("selection not preserved", () => EditorBeatmap.SelectedHitObjects.Count, () => Is.EqualTo(1));
+            AddAssert("second slider not selected",
+                () => blueprintContainer.SelectionBlueprints.First(s => s.Item == secondSlider).IsSelected,
+                () => Is.False);
+            AddAssert("slider still has 2 anchors", () => secondSlider.Path.ControlPoints.Count, () => Is.EqualTo(2));
+        }
+
         private ComposeBlueprintContainer blueprintContainer
             => Editor.ChildrenOfType<ComposeBlueprintContainer>().First();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestScenePathControlPointVisualiser.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestScenePathControlPointVisualiser.cs
index 8234381283..2b53554ed1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestScenePathControlPointVisualiser.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Editor/TestScenePathControlPointVisualiser.cs
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Editor
         {
             AddStep($"click context menu item \"{contextMenuText}\"", () =>
             {
-                MenuItem item = visualiser.ContextMenuItems.FirstOrDefault(menuItem => menuItem.Text.Value == "Curve type")?.Items.FirstOrDefault(menuItem => menuItem.Text.Value == contextMenuText);
+                MenuItem item = visualiser.ContextMenuItems!.FirstOrDefault(menuItem => menuItem.Text.Value == "Curve type")?.Items.FirstOrDefault(menuItem => menuItem.Text.Value == contextMenuText);
 
                 item?.Action.Value?.Invoke();
             });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
index a353914cd5..776d5854d1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModFlashlight.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 {
@@ -21,5 +31,129 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
         [Test]
         public void TestComboBasedSize([Values] bool comboBasedSize) => CreateModTest(new ModTestData { Mod = new OsuModFlashlight { ComboBasedSize = { Value = comboBasedSize } }, PassCondition = () => true });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDimsOnlyAfterStartTime()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime < 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && !sliderDimmedBeforeStartTime;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new HitCircle { StartTime = 0, },
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                    BeatmapInfo =
+                    {
+                        StackLeniency = 0,
+                    }
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(0, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(990, new Vector2()),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDoesDimAfterStartTimeIfHitEarly()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmed = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmed |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime >= 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && sliderDimmed;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(990, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSliderDoesDimAfterStartTimeIfHitLate()
+        {
+            bool sliderDimmed = false;
+
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModFlashlight(),
+                PassCondition = () =>
+                {
+                    sliderDimmed |=
+                        Player.GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime >= 1000 && Player.ChildrenOfType<ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>.Flashlight>().Single().FlashlightDim > 0;
+                    return Player.GameplayState.HasPassed && sliderDimmed;
+                },
+                Beatmap = new OsuBeatmap
+                {
+                    HitObjects = new List<OsuHitObject>
+                    {
+                        new Slider
+                        {
+                            StartTime = 1000,
+                            Path = new SliderPath(new[]
+                            {
+                                new PathControlPoint(),
+                                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(100))
+                            })
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+                {
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(1100, new Vector2(), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                    new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(100)),
+                },
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModTouchDevice.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModTouchDevice.cs
index cd51ccd751..fdb1cac3e5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModTouchDevice.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModTouchDevice.cs
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         public void TestUserAlreadyHasTouchDeviceActive()
         {
             loadPlayer();
-            // it is presumed that a previous screen (i.e. song select) will set this up
             AddStep("set up touchscreen user", () =>
             {
                 currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods = currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods.Append(new OsuModTouchDevice()).ToArray();
@@ -69,6 +68,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
             AddAssert("touch device mod activated", () => currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods, () => Has.One.InstanceOf<OsuModTouchDevice>());
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTouchActivePriorToPlayerLoad()
+        {
+            AddStep("set touch input active", () => statics.SetValue(Static.TouchInputActive, true));
+            loadPlayer();
+            AddUntilStep("touch device mod activated", () => currentPlayer.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods, () => Has.One.InstanceOf<OsuModTouchDevice>());
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestTouchDuringBreak()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuHitObjectGenerationUtilsTest.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuHitObjectGenerationUtilsTest.cs
index d78c32aa6a..77ef4627cb 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuHitObjectGenerationUtilsTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuHitObjectGenerationUtilsTest.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                         new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(-128, 0), PathType.LINEAR) // absolute position: (0, 128)
                     }
                 },
-                RepeatCount = 1
+                RepeatCount = 2
             };
             slider.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
             return slider;
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.ReflectHorizontallyAlongPlayfield(slider);
 
             Assert.That(slider.Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X - 128, 128)));
-            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X - 0, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderHeadCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X - 128, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().First().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X - 0, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderTailCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.X, 128)));
             Assert.That(slider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(point => point.Position), Is.EquivalentTo(new[]
             {
                 new Vector2(),
@@ -62,7 +64,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.ReflectVerticallyAlongPlayfield(slider);
 
             Assert.That(slider.Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(128, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y - 128)));
-            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(0, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y - 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderHeadCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(128, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y - 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().First().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(0, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y - 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderTailCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(0, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE.Y - 128)));
             Assert.That(slider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(point => point.Position), Is.EquivalentTo(new[]
             {
                 new Vector2(),
@@ -79,7 +83,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.FlipSliderInPlaceHorizontally(slider);
 
             Assert.That(slider.Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(128, 128)));
-            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(256, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderHeadCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(128, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>().First().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(256, 128)));
+            Assert.That(slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderTailCircle>().Single().Position, Is.EqualTo(new Vector2(256, 128)));
             Assert.That(slider.Path.ControlPoints.Select(point => point.Position), Is.EquivalentTo(new[]
             {
                 new Vector2(),
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneAccuracyHeatmap.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneAccuracyHeatmap.cs
index f99518997b..5524af2061 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneAccuracyHeatmap.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneAccuracyHeatmap.cs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Size = new Vector2(130)
+                    Size = new Vector2(300)
                 }
             };
         });
@@ -85,6 +85,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddStep("return user input", () => InputManager.UseParentInput = true);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAllPoints()
+        {
+            AddStep("add points", () =>
+            {
+                float minX = object1.DrawPosition.X - object1.DrawSize.X / 2;
+                float maxX = object1.DrawPosition.X + object1.DrawSize.X / 2;
+
+                float minY = object1.DrawPosition.Y - object1.DrawSize.Y / 2;
+                float maxY = object1.DrawPosition.Y + object1.DrawSize.Y / 2;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                {
+                    for (float x = minX; x <= maxX; x += 0.5f)
+                    {
+                        for (float y = minY; y <= maxY; y += 0.5f)
+                        {
+                            accuracyHeatmap.AddPoint(object2.Position, object1.Position, new Vector2(x, y), RNG.NextSingle(10, 500));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
         protected override bool OnMouseDown(MouseDownEvent e)
         {
             accuracyHeatmap.AddPoint(object2.Position, object1.Position, background.ToLocalSpace(e.ScreenSpaceMouseDownPosition), 50);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneDrawableJudgement.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneDrawableJudgement.cs
index 874130233a..5f5596cbb3 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneDrawableJudgement.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneDrawableJudgement.cs
@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [Resolved]
         private OsuConfigManager config { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private readonly List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>> pools;
+        private readonly List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>> pools = new List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>>();
 
-        public TestSceneDrawableJudgement()
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(validResults))]
+        public void Test(HitResult result)
         {
-            pools = new List<DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>>();
-
-            foreach (HitResult result in Enum.GetValues(typeof(HitResult)).OfType<HitResult>().Skip(1))
-                showResult(result);
+            showResult(result);
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<HitResult> validResults => Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Skip(1);
+
         [Test]
         public void TestHitLightingDisabled()
         {
@@ -72,32 +72,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                         pools.Add(pool = new DrawablePool<TestDrawableOsuJudgement>(1));
                     else
                     {
-                        pool = pools[poolIndex];
-
                         // We need to make sure neither the pool nor the judgement get disposed when new content is set, and they both share the same parent.
+                        pool = pools[poolIndex];
                         ((Container)pool.Parent!).Clear(false);
                     }
 
                     var container = new Container
                     {
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                        Children = new Drawable[]
-                        {
-                            pool,
-                            pool.Get(j => j.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject
-                            {
-                                StartTime = Time.Current
-                            }, new Judgement())
-                            {
-                                Type = result,
-                            }, null)).With(j =>
-                            {
-                                j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
-                                j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-                            })
-                        }
+                        Child = pool,
                     };
 
+                    // Must be scheduled so the pool is loaded before we try and retrieve from it.
+                    Schedule(() =>
+                    {
+                        container.Add(pool.Get(j => j.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject
+                        {
+                            StartTime = Time.Current
+                        }, new Judgement())
+                        {
+                            Type = result,
+                        }, null)).With(j =>
+                        {
+                            j.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+                            j.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+                        }));
+                    });
+
                     poolIndex++;
                     return container;
                 });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneFollowPoints.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneFollowPoints.cs
index eefaa3cae3..28c9d71139 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneFollowPoints.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneFollowPoints.cs
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                             break;
                     }
 
-                    hitObjectContainer.Add(drawableObject);
+                    hitObjectContainer.Add(drawableObject!);
                     followPointRenderer.AddFollowPoints(objects[i]);
                 }
             });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircle.cs
index 30b0451a3b..abe950f9bb 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircle.cs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 if (auto && !userTriggered && timeOffset > hitOffset && CheckHittable?.Invoke(this, Time.Current, HitResult.Great) == ClickAction.Hit)
                 {
                     // force success
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Great);
+                    ApplyResult(HitResult.Great);
                 }
                 else
                     base.CheckForResult(userTriggered, timeOffset);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircleLateFade.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircleLateFade.cs
index 7824f26251..838b426cb4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircleLateFade.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneHitCircleLateFade.cs
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 if (shouldHit && !userTriggered && timeOffset >= 0)
                 {
                     // force success
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Great);
+                    ApplyResult(HitResult.Great);
                 }
                 else
                     base.CheckForResult(userTriggered, timeOffset);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSkinFallbacks.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSkinFallbacks.cs
index 09b906cb10..c624fbbe73 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSkinFallbacks.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSkinFallbacks.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             public IEnumerable<ISkin> AllSources => new[] { this };
 
+            [CanBeNull]
             public event Action SourceChanged;
 
             private bool enabled = true;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderApplication.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderApplication.cs
index f41dd913ab..380a2087ac 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderApplication.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderApplication.cs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             DrawableSlider dho = null;
 
-            AddStep("create slider", () => Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(prepareObject(new Slider
+            AddStep("create slider", () => Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
             {
                 Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                 IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
             AddWaitStep("wait for progression", 1);
 
-            AddStep("apply new slider", () => dho.Apply(prepareObject(new Slider
+            AddStep("apply new slider", () => dho.Apply(applyDefaults(new Slider
             {
                 Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                 ComboIndex = 1,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 Child = new SkinProvidingContainer(provider)
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(prepareObject(new Slider
+                    Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
                     {
                         Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
                         IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
@@ -97,7 +97,38 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddAssert("ball is red", () => dho.ChildrenOfType<LegacySliderBall>().Single().BallColour == Color4.Red);
         }
 
-        private Slider prepareObject(Slider slider)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestIncreaseRepeatCount()
+        {
+            DrawableSlider dho = null;
+
+            AddStep("create slider", () =>
+            {
+                Child = dho = new DrawableSlider(applyDefaults(new Slider
+                {
+                    Position = new Vector2(256, 192),
+                    IndexInCurrentCombo = 0,
+                    StartTime = Time.Current,
+                    Path = new SliderPath(PathType.LINEAR, new[]
+                    {
+                        Vector2.Zero,
+                        new Vector2(150, 100),
+                        new Vector2(300, 0),
+                    })
+                }));
+            });
+
+            AddStep("increase repeat count", () =>
+            {
+                dho.HitObject.RepeatCount++;
+                applyDefaults(dho.HitObject);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("repeat got custom anchor", () =>
+                dho.ChildrenOfType<DrawableSliderRepeat>().Single().RelativeAnchorPosition == Vector2.Divide(dho.SliderBody!.PathOffset, dho.DrawSize));
+        }
+
+        private Slider applyDefaults(Slider slider)
         {
             slider.ApplyDefaults(new ControlPointInfo(), new BeatmapDifficulty());
             return slider;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs
index 6706d20080..8d81fe3017 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 
                 // multipled by 2 to nullify the score multiplier. (autoplay mod selected)
                 long totalScore = scoreProcessor.TotalScore.Value * 2;
-                return totalScore == (int)(drawableSpinner.Result.TotalRotation / 360) * scoreProcessor.GetBaseScoreForResult(new SpinnerTick().CreateJudgement().MaxResult);
+                return totalScore == (int)(drawableSpinner.Result.TotalRotation / 360) * scoreProcessor.GetBaseScoreForResult(new SpinnerTick().Judgement.MaxResult);
             });
 
             addSeekStep(0);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj
index ea033cda45..ea54c8d313 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.18.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Project References">
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj" />
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs
index 3b580a5b59..007cd977e5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs
@@ -40,7 +40,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             double aimRatingNoSliders = Math.Sqrt(skills[1].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
             double speedRating = Math.Sqrt(skills[2].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
             double speedNotes = ((Speed)skills[2]).RelevantNoteCount();
-            double flashlightRating = Math.Sqrt(skills[3].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
+
+            double flashlightRating = 0.0;
+
+            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModFlashlight))
+                flashlightRating = Math.Sqrt(skills[3].DifficultyValue()) * difficulty_multiplier;
 
             double sliderFactor = aimRating > 0 ? aimRatingNoSliders / aimRating : 1;
 
@@ -126,13 +130,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
         protected override Skill[] CreateSkills(IBeatmap beatmap, Mod[] mods, double clockRate)
         {
-            return new Skill[]
+            var skills = new List<Skill>
             {
                 new Aim(mods, true),
                 new Aim(mods, false),
-                new Speed(mods),
-                new Flashlight(mods)
+                new Speed(mods)
             };
+
+            if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModFlashlight))
+                skills.Add(new Flashlight(mods));
+
+            return skills.ToArray();
         }
 
         protected override Mod[] DifficultyAdjustmentMods => new Mod[]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs
index 488d1e2e9f..0e537632b1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs
@@ -232,7 +232,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
 
             IList<HitObject> nestedObjects = slider.NestedHitObjects;
 
-            SliderTick? lastRealTick = slider.NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderTick>().LastOrDefault();
+            SliderTick? lastRealTick = null;
+
+            foreach (var hitobject in slider.NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                if (hitobject is SliderTick tick)
+                    lastRealTick = tick;
+            }
 
             if (lastRealTick?.StartTime > trackingEndTime)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/OsuStrainSkill.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/OsuStrainSkill.cs
index 15b20a5572..4a6328010b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/OsuStrainSkill.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/OsuStrainSkill.cs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
             // These sections will not contribute to the difficulty.
             var peaks = GetCurrentStrainPeaks().Where(p => p > 0);
 
-            List<double> strains = peaks.OrderByDescending(d => d).ToList();
+            List<double> strains = peaks.OrderDescending().ToList();
 
             // We are reducing the highest strains first to account for extreme difficulty spikes
             for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(strains.Count, ReducedSectionCount); i++)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 
             // Difficulty is the weighted sum of the highest strains from every section.
             // We're sorting from highest to lowest strain.
-            foreach (double strain in strains.OrderByDescending(d => d))
+            foreach (double strain in strains.OrderDescending())
             {
                 difficulty += strain * weight;
                 weight *= DecayWeight;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/HitCircles/Components/HitCircleOverlapMarker.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/HitCircles/Components/HitCircleOverlapMarker.cs
index 3cba0610a1..fe335a048d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/HitCircles/Components/HitCircleOverlapMarker.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/HitCircles/Components/HitCircleOverlapMarker.cs
@@ -78,9 +78,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.HitCircles.Components
 
             Scale = new Vector2(hitObject.Scale);
 
-            if (hitObject is IHasComboInformation combo)
-                ring.BorderColour = combo.GetComboColour(skin);
-
             double editorTime = editorClock.CurrentTime;
             double hitObjectTime = hitObject.StartTime;
             bool hasReachedObject = editorTime >= hitObjectTime;
@@ -92,6 +89,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.HitCircles.Components
 
                 ring.Scale = new Vector2(1 + 0.1f * ringScale);
                 content.Alpha = 0.9f * (1 - alpha);
+
+                // TODO: should only update colour on skin/combo/object change.
+                if (hitObject is IHasComboInformation combo && content.Alpha > 0)
+                    ring.BorderColour = combo.GetComboColour(skin);
             }
             else
                 content.Alpha = 0;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointConnectionPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointConnectionPiece.cs
index 67685d21a7..7e7d653dbd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointConnectionPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointConnectionPiece.cs
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             base.LoadComplete();
 
             hitObjectPosition = hitObject.PositionBindable.GetBoundCopy();
-            hitObjectPosition.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConnectingPath());
+            hitObjectPosition.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateConnectingPath));
 
             pathVersion = hitObject.Path.Version.GetBoundCopy();
-            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConnectingPath());
+            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(updateConnectingPath));
 
             updateConnectingPath();
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
index 03792d8520..e741d67e3b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointPiece.cs
@@ -4,20 +4,15 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
@@ -41,8 +36,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         public Action<DragEvent> DragInProgress;
         public Action DragEnded;
 
-        public List<PathControlPoint> PointsInSegment;
-
         public readonly BindableBool IsSelected = new BindableBool();
         public readonly PathControlPoint ControlPoint;
 
@@ -56,27 +49,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         private IBindable<Vector2> hitObjectPosition;
         private IBindable<float> hitObjectScale;
 
-        [UsedImplicitly]
-        private readonly IBindable<int> hitObjectVersion;
-
         public PathControlPointPiece(T hitObject, PathControlPoint controlPoint)
         {
             this.hitObject = hitObject;
             ControlPoint = controlPoint;
 
-            // we don't want to run the path type update on construction as it may inadvertently change the hit object.
-            cachePoints(hitObject);
-
-            hitObjectVersion = hitObject.Path.Version.GetBoundCopy();
-
-            // schedule ensure that updates are only applied after all operations from a single frame are applied.
-            // this avoids inadvertently changing the hit object path type for batch operations.
-            hitObjectVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(() =>
-            {
-                cachePoints(hitObject);
-                updatePathType();
-            }));
-
             controlPoint.Changed += updateMarkerDisplay;
 
             Origin = Anchor.Centre;
@@ -214,28 +191,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
 
         protected override void OnDragEnd(DragEndEvent e) => DragEnded?.Invoke();
 
-        private void cachePoints(T hitObject) => PointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(ControlPoint);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void updatePathType()
-        {
-            if (ControlPoint.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
-                return;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count > 3)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-
-            if (PointsInSegment.Count != 3)
-                return;
-
-            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = PointsInSegment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
-            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
-            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
-                ControlPoint.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates the state of the circular control point marker.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
index 24e2210b45..b2d1709531 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/Components/PathControlPointVisualiser.cs
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -76,6 +78,50 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             controlPoints.BindTo(hitObject.Path.ControlPoints);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handles correction of invalid path types.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void EnsureValidPathTypes()
+        {
+            List<PathControlPoint> pointsInCurrentSegment = new List<PathControlPoint>();
+
+            foreach (var controlPoint in controlPoints)
+            {
+                if (controlPoint.Type != null)
+                {
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+                    ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+                    pointsInCurrentSegment.Clear();
+                }
+
+                pointsInCurrentSegment.Add(controlPoint);
+            }
+
+            ensureValidPathType(pointsInCurrentSegment);
+        }
+
+        private void ensureValidPathType(IReadOnlyList<PathControlPoint> segment)
+        {
+            if (segment.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            var first = segment[0];
+
+            if (first.Type != PathType.PERFECT_CURVE)
+                return;
+
+            if (segment.Count > 3)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+
+            if (segment.Count != 3)
+                return;
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<Vector2> points = segment.Select(p => p.Position).ToArray();
+            RectangleF boundingBox = PathApproximator.CircularArcBoundingBox(points);
+            if (boundingBox.Width >= 640 || boundingBox.Height >= 480)
+                first.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Selects the <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/> corresponding to the given <paramref name="pathControlPoint"/>,
         /// and deselects all other <see cref="PathControlPointPiece{T}"/>s.
@@ -240,7 +286,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
         /// <param name="type">The path type we want to assign to the given control point piece.</param>
         private void updatePathType(PathControlPointPiece<T> piece, PathType? type)
         {
-            int indexInSegment = piece.PointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
+            var pointsInSegment = hitObject.Path.PointsInSegment(piece.ControlPoint);
+            int indexInSegment = pointsInSegment.IndexOf(piece.ControlPoint);
 
             if (type?.Type == SplineType.PerfectCurve)
             {
@@ -249,8 +296,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
                 // and one segment of the previous type.
                 int thirdPointIndex = indexInSegment + 2;
 
-                if (piece.PointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
-                    piece.PointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = piece.PointsInSegment[0].Type;
+                if (pointsInSegment.Count > thirdPointIndex + 1)
+                    pointsInSegment[thirdPointIndex].Type = pointsInSegment[0].Type;
             }
 
             hitObject.Path.ExpectedDistance.Value = null;
@@ -339,6 +386,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             // Maintain the path types in case they got defaulted to bezier at some point during the drag.
             for (int i = 0; i < hitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Count; i++)
                 hitObject.Path.ControlPoints[i].Type = dragPathTypes[i];
+
+            EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         public void DragEnded() => changeHandler?.EndChange();
@@ -412,6 +461,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components
             {
                 foreach (var p in Pieces.Where(p => p.IsSelected.Value))
                     updatePathType(p, type);
+
+                EnsureValidPathTypes();
             });
 
             if (countOfState == totalCount)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
index 28e972bacd..0fa84c91fc 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs
@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                     segmentStart.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
                     break;
             }
+
+            controlPointVisualiser.EnsureValidPathTypes();
         }
 
         private void updateCursor()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
index b3efe1c495..4d2b980c23 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderSelectionBlueprint.cs
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                     return false; // Allow right click to be handled by context menu
 
                 case MouseButton.Left:
-                    if (e.ControlPressed && IsSelected)
+                    // If there's more than two objects selected, ctrl+click should deselect
+                    if (e.ControlPressed && IsSelected && selectedObjects.Count < 2)
                     {
                         changeHandler?.BeginChange();
                         placementControlPoint = addControlPoint(e.MousePosition);
@@ -254,6 +255,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
             // Move the control points from the insertion index onwards to make room for the insertion
             controlPoints.Insert(insertionIndex, pathControlPoint);
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 
             return pathControlPoint;
@@ -275,6 +278,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                 controlPoints.Remove(c);
             }
 
+            ControlPointVisualiser?.EnsureValidPathTypes();
+
             // Snap the slider to the current beat divisor before checking length validity.
             HitObject.SnapTo(distanceSnapProvider);
 
@@ -411,8 +416,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
             DrawableObject.SliderBody?.ToScreenSpace(DrawableObject.SliderBody.PathEndOffset) ?? BodyPiece.ToScreenSpace(BodyPiece.PathEndLocation)
         };
 
-        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) =>
-            BodyPiece.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos) || ControlPointVisualiser?.Pieces.Any(p => p.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos)) == true;
+        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos)
+        {
+            if (BodyPiece.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                return true;
+
+            if (ControlPointVisualiser == null)
+                return false;
+
+            foreach (var p in ControlPointVisualiser.Pieces)
+            {
+                if (p.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
 
         protected virtual SliderCircleOverlay CreateCircleOverlay(Slider slider, SliderPosition position) => new SliderCircleOverlay(slider, position);
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBlinds.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBlinds.cs
index 8b0adbe50f..bb0e984418 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBlinds.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBlinds.cs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.12 : 1;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModFlashlight) };
+        public override bool Ranked => true;
 
         private DrawableOsuBlinds blinds = null!;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDepth.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDepth.cs
index b70d607ca1..a9111eec1f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDepth.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDepth.cs
@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         {
             double time = playfield.Time.Current;
 
-            foreach (var drawable in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
             {
+                var drawable = entry.Value;
+
                 switch (drawable)
                 {
                     case DrawableHitCircle circle:
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
index 252d7e2762..5a6cc50082 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject drawable)
         {
             if (drawable is DrawableSlider s)
-                s.Tracking.ValueChanged += flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange;
+                s.OnUpdate += _ => flashlight.OnSliderTrackingChange(s);
         }
 
         private partial class OsuFlashlight : Flashlight, IRequireHighFrequencyMousePosition
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                 FlashlightSmoothness = 1.4f;
             }
 
-            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(ValueChangedEvent<bool> e)
+            public void OnSliderTrackingChange(DrawableSlider e)
             {
                 // If a slider is in a tracking state, a further dim should be applied to the (remaining) visible portion of the playfield.
-                FlashlightDim = e.NewValue ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
+                FlashlightDim = Time.Current >= e.HitObject.StartTime && e.Tracking.Value ? 0.8f : 0.0f;
             }
 
             protected override bool OnMouseMove(MouseMoveEvent e)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs
index befee4af5a..b49fb931d1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs
@@ -49,8 +49,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         {
             var cursorPos = playfield.Cursor.AsNonNull().ActiveCursor.DrawPosition;
 
-            foreach (var drawable in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
             {
+                var drawable = entry.Value;
+
                 switch (drawable)
                 {
                     case DrawableHitCircle circle:
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs
index 40fadfb77e..31511c01b8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
@@ -38,12 +38,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         private ReplayState<OsuAction> state = null!;
         private double lastStateChangeTime;
 
+        private DrawableOsuRuleset ruleset = null!;
+        private IPressHandler pressHandler = null!;
+
         private bool hasReplay;
+        private bool legacyReplay;
 
         public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
         {
+            ruleset = (DrawableOsuRuleset)drawableRuleset;
+
             // grab the input manager for future use.
-            osuInputManager = ((DrawableOsuRuleset)drawableRuleset).KeyBindingInputManager;
+            osuInputManager = ruleset.KeyBindingInputManager;
         }
 
         public void ApplyToPlayer(Player player)
@@ -51,15 +57,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             if (osuInputManager.ReplayInputHandler != null)
             {
                 hasReplay = true;
+
+                Debug.Assert(ruleset.ReplayScore != null);
+                legacyReplay = ruleset.ReplayScore.ScoreInfo.IsLegacyScore;
+
+                pressHandler = legacyReplay ? new LegacyReplayPressHandler(this) : new PressHandler(this);
+
                 return;
             }
 
+            pressHandler = new PressHandler(this);
             osuInputManager.AllowGameplayInputs = false;
         }
 
         public void Update(Playfield playfield)
         {
-            if (hasReplay)
+            if (hasReplay && !legacyReplay)
                 return;
 
             bool requiresHold = false;
@@ -88,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                         if (!slider.HeadCircle.IsHit)
                             handleHitCircle(slider.HeadCircle);
 
-                        requiresHold |= slider.SliderInputManager.IsMouseInFollowArea(true);
+                        requiresHold |= slider.SliderInputManager.IsMouseInFollowArea(slider.Tracking.Value);
                         break;
 
                     case DrawableSpinner spinner:
@@ -132,11 +145,62 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
                 if (down)
                 {
-                    state.PressedActions.Add(wasLeft ? OsuAction.LeftButton : OsuAction.RightButton);
+                    pressHandler.HandlePress(wasLeft);
                     wasLeft = !wasLeft;
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    pressHandler.HandleRelease(wasLeft);
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-                state.Apply(osuInputManager.CurrentState, osuInputManager);
+        private interface IPressHandler
+        {
+            void HandlePress(bool wasLeft);
+            void HandleRelease(bool wasLeft);
+        }
+
+        private class PressHandler : IPressHandler
+        {
+            private readonly OsuModRelax mod;
+
+            public PressHandler(OsuModRelax mod)
+            {
+                this.mod = mod;
+            }
+
+            public void HandlePress(bool wasLeft)
+            {
+                mod.state.PressedActions.Add(wasLeft ? OsuAction.LeftButton : OsuAction.RightButton);
+                mod.state.Apply(mod.osuInputManager.CurrentState, mod.osuInputManager);
+            }
+
+            public void HandleRelease(bool wasLeft)
+            {
+                mod.state.Apply(mod.osuInputManager.CurrentState, mod.osuInputManager);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // legacy replays do not contain key-presses with Relax mod, so they need to be triggered by themselves.
+        private class LegacyReplayPressHandler : IPressHandler
+        {
+            private readonly OsuModRelax mod;
+
+            public LegacyReplayPressHandler(OsuModRelax mod)
+            {
+                this.mod = mod;
+            }
+
+            public void HandlePress(bool wasLeft)
+            {
+                mod.osuInputManager.KeyBindingContainer.TriggerPressed(wasLeft ? OsuAction.LeftButton : OsuAction.RightButton);
+            }
+
+            public void HandleRelease(bool wasLeft)
+            {
+                // this intentionally releases right when `wasLeft` is true because `wasLeft` is set at point of press and not at point of release
+                mod.osuInputManager.KeyBindingContainer.TriggerReleased(wasLeft ? OsuAction.RightButton : OsuAction.LeftButton);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs
index 91feb33931..ced98f0cd5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs
@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         {
             var cursorPos = playfield.Cursor.AsNonNull().ActiveCursor.DrawPosition;
 
-            foreach (var drawable in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
             {
+                var drawable = entry.Value;
+
                 var destination = Vector2.Clamp(2 * drawable.Position - cursorPos, Vector2.Zero, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE);
 
                 if (drawable.HitObject is Slider thisSlider)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpunOut.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpunOut.cs
index f691731afe..df9544b71e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpunOut.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpunOut.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => @"Spinners will be automatically completed.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.9;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModTargetPractice) };
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject hitObject)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTouchDevice.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTouchDevice.cs
index f1468d414e..917685cdad 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTouchDevice.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTouchDevice.cs
@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
     public class OsuModTouchDevice : ModTouchDevice
     {
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot) }).ToArray();
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitCircle.cs
index 0d665cad0c..b1c9bef6c4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitCircle.cs
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             if (!userTriggered)
             {
                 if (!HitObject.HitWindows.CanBeHit(timeOffset))
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                    ApplyMinResult();
 
                 return;
             }
@@ -169,19 +169,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             if (result == HitResult.None || clickAction != ClickAction.Hit)
                 return;
 
-            ApplyResult(r =>
+            Vector2? hitPosition = null;
+
+            // Todo: This should also consider misses, but they're a little more interesting to handle, since we don't necessarily know the position at the time of a miss.
+            if (result.IsHit())
+            {
+                var localMousePosition = ToLocalSpace(inputManager.CurrentState.Mouse.Position);
+                hitPosition = HitObject.StackedPosition + (localMousePosition - DrawSize / 2);
+            }
+
+            ApplyResult<(HitResult result, Vector2? position)>((r, state) =>
             {
                 var circleResult = (OsuHitCircleJudgementResult)r;
 
-                // Todo: This should also consider misses, but they're a little more interesting to handle, since we don't necessarily know the position at the time of a miss.
-                if (result.IsHit())
-                {
-                    var localMousePosition = ToLocalSpace(inputManager.CurrentState.Mouse.Position);
-                    circleResult.CursorPositionAtHit = HitObject.StackedPosition + (localMousePosition - DrawSize / 2);
-                }
-
-                circleResult.Type = result;
-            });
+                circleResult.Type = state.result;
+                circleResult.CursorPositionAtHit = state.position;
+            }, (result, hitPosition));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableOsuHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableOsuHitObject.cs
index 5b379a0d90..5271c03e08 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableOsuHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableOsuHitObject.cs
@@ -100,12 +100,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         /// <summary>
         /// Causes this <see cref="DrawableOsuHitObject"/> to get hit, disregarding all conditions in implementations of <see cref="DrawableHitObject.CheckForResult"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public void HitForcefully() => ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+        public void HitForcefully() => ApplyMaxResult();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Causes this <see cref="DrawableOsuHitObject"/> to get missed, disregarding all conditions in implementations of <see cref="DrawableHitObject.CheckForResult"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public void MissForcefully() => ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+        public void MissForcefully() => ApplyMinResult();
 
         private RectangleF parentScreenSpaceRectangle => ((DrawableOsuHitObject)ParentHitObject)?.parentScreenSpaceRectangle ?? Parent!.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.AABBFloat;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
index 4099d47d61..6d492e7b08 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSlider.cs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         private Container<DrawableSliderRepeat> repeatContainer;
         private PausableSkinnableSound slidingSample;
 
-        private readonly LayoutValue drawSizeLayout;
+        private readonly LayoutValue relativeAnchorPositionLayout;
 
         public DrawableSlider()
             : this(null)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 AlwaysPresent = true,
                 Alpha = 0
             };
-            AddLayout(drawSizeLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize | Invalidation.MiscGeometry));
+            AddLayout(relativeAnchorPositionLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize | Invalidation.MiscGeometry));
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                     repeatContainer.Add(repeat);
                     break;
             }
+
+            relativeAnchorPositionLayout.Invalidate();
         }
 
         protected override void ClearNestedHitObjects()
@@ -237,13 +239,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 if (Tracking.Value && Time.Current >= HitObject.StartTime)
                 {
                     // keep the sliding sample playing at the current tracking position
-                    if (!slidingSample.IsPlaying)
+                    if (!slidingSample.RequestedPlaying)
                         slidingSample.Play();
                     slidingSample.Balance.Value = CalculateSamplePlaybackBalance(CalculateDrawableRelativePosition(Ball));
                 }
-                else if (slidingSample.IsPlaying)
+                else if (slidingSample.IsPlaying || slidingSample.RequestedPlaying)
                     slidingSample.Stop();
             }
+        }
+
+        protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
+        {
+            base.UpdateAfterChildren();
+
+            // During slider path editing, the PlaySliderBody is scheduled to refresh once on Update.
+            // It is crucial to perform the code below in UpdateAfterChildren. This ensures that the SliderBody has the opportunity
+            // to update its Size and PathOffset beforehand, ensuring correct placement.
 
             double completionProgress = Math.Clamp((Time.Current - HitObject.StartTime) / HitObject.Duration, 0, 1);
 
@@ -256,14 +267,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             Size = SliderBody?.Size ?? Vector2.Zero;
             OriginPosition = SliderBody?.PathOffset ?? Vector2.Zero;
 
-            if (!drawSizeLayout.IsValid)
+            if (!relativeAnchorPositionLayout.IsValid)
             {
                 Vector2 pos = Vector2.Divide(OriginPosition, DrawSize);
                 foreach (var obj in NestedHitObjects)
                     obj.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
                 Ball.RelativeAnchorPosition = pos;
 
-                drawSizeLayout.Validate();
+                relativeAnchorPositionLayout.Validate();
             }
         }
 
@@ -281,10 +292,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             if (HitObject.ClassicSliderBehaviour)
             {
                 // Classic behaviour means a slider is judged proportionally to the number of nested hitobjects hit. This is the classic osu!stable scoring.
-                ApplyResult(r =>
+                ApplyResult(static (r, hitObject) =>
                 {
-                    int totalTicks = NestedHitObjects.Count;
-                    int hitTicks = NestedHitObjects.Count(h => h.IsHit);
+                    int totalTicks = hitObject.NestedHitObjects.Count;
+                    int hitTicks = hitObject.NestedHitObjects.Count(h => h.IsHit);
 
                     if (hitTicks == totalTicks)
                         r.Type = HitResult.Great;
@@ -301,7 +312,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             {
                 // If only the nested hitobjects are judged, then the slider's own judgement is ignored for scoring purposes.
                 // But the slider needs to still be judged with a reasonable hit/miss result for visual purposes (hit/miss transforms, etc).
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = NestedHitObjects.Any(h => h.Result.IsHit) ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyResult(static (r, hitObject) =>
+                {
+                    r.Type = hitObject.NestedHitObjects.Any(h => h.Result.IsHit) ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult;
+                });
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderTick.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderTick.cs
index d64fb0bcc6..73c061afbd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderTick.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSliderTick.cs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
     {
         public const double ANIM_DURATION = 150;
 
-        private const float default_tick_size = 16;
+        public const float DEFAULT_TICK_SIZE = 16;
 
         protected DrawableSlider DrawableSlider => (DrawableSlider)ParentHitObject;
 
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             {
                 Masking = true,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Size = new Vector2(default_tick_size),
-                BorderThickness = default_tick_size / 4,
+                Size = new Vector2(DEFAULT_TICK_SIZE),
+                BorderThickness = DEFAULT_TICK_SIZE / 4,
                 BorderColour = Color4.White,
                 Child = new Box
                 {
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                     break;
 
                 case ArmedState.Miss:
-                    this.FadeOut(ANIM_DURATION);
-                    this.TransformBindableTo(AccentColour, Color4.Red, 0);
+                    this.FadeOut(ANIM_DURATION, Easing.OutQuint);
                     break;
 
                 case ArmedState.Hit:
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinner.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinner.cs
index bf4b07eaab..11120e49b5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinner.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinner.cs
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         {
             if (tracking.NewValue)
             {
-                if (!spinningSample.IsPlaying)
+                if (!spinningSample.RequestedPlaying)
                     spinningSample.Play();
 
                 spinningSample.VolumeTo(1, 300);
@@ -258,15 +258,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             foreach (var tick in ticks.Where(t => !t.Result.HasResult))
                 tick.TriggerResult(false);
 
-            ApplyResult(r =>
+            ApplyResult(static (r, hitObject) =>
             {
-                if (Progress >= 1)
+                var spinner = (DrawableSpinner)hitObject;
+                if (spinner.Progress >= 1)
                     r.Type = HitResult.Great;
-                else if (Progress > .9)
+                else if (spinner.Progress > .9)
                     r.Type = HitResult.Ok;
-                else if (Progress > .75)
+                else if (spinner.Progress > .75)
                     r.Type = HitResult.Meh;
-                else if (Time.Current >= HitObject.EndTime)
+                else if (spinner.Time.Current >= spinner.HitObject.EndTime)
                     r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult;
             });
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinnerTick.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinnerTick.cs
index 5b55533edd..0a77faf924 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinnerTick.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSpinnerTick.cs
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
         /// Apply a judgement result.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="hit">Whether this tick was reached.</param>
-        internal void TriggerResult(bool hit) => ApplyResult(r => r.Type = hit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+        internal void TriggerResult(bool hit)
+        {
+            if (hit)
+                ApplyMaxResult();
+            else
+                ApplyMinResult();
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/SliderInputManager.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/SliderInputManager.cs
index 95896c7c91..148cf79337 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/SliderInputManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Drawables/SliderInputManager.cs
@@ -215,8 +215,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
             if (headCircleHitAction == null)
                 timeToAcceptAnyKeyAfter = null;
 
-            var actions = slider.OsuActionInputManager?.PressedActions;
-
             // if the head circle was hit with a specific key, tracking should only occur while that key is pressed.
             if (headCircleHitAction != null && timeToAcceptAnyKeyAfter == null)
             {
@@ -227,6 +225,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                     timeToAcceptAnyKeyAfter = Time.Current;
             }
 
+            if (slider.OsuActionInputManager == null)
+                return;
+
+            lastPressedActions.Clear();
+            bool validTrackingAction = false;
+
+            foreach (OsuAction action in slider.OsuActionInputManager.PressedActions)
+            {
+                if (isValidTrackingAction(action))
+                    validTrackingAction = true;
+
+                lastPressedActions.Add(action);
+            }
+
             Tracking =
                 // even in an edge case where current time has exceeded the slider's time, we may not have finished judging.
                 // we don't want to potentially update from Tracking=true to Tracking=false at this point.
@@ -234,11 +246,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables
                 // in valid position range
                 && isValidTrackingPosition
                 // valid action
-                && (actions?.Any(isValidTrackingAction) ?? false);
-
-            lastPressedActions.Clear();
-            if (actions != null)
-                lastPressedActions.AddRange(actions);
+                && validTrackingAction;
         }
 
         private OsuAction? getInitialHitAction() => slider.HeadCircle?.HitAction;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs
index 74631400ca..6c77d9189c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/OsuHitObject.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
@@ -149,8 +148,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         {
             StackHeightBindable.BindValueChanged(height =>
             {
-                foreach (var nested in NestedHitObjects.OfType<OsuHitObject>())
-                    nested.StackHeight = height.NewValue;
+                foreach (var nested in NestedHitObjects)
+                {
+                    if (nested is OsuHitObject osuHitObject)
+                        osuHitObject.StackHeight = height.NewValue;
+                }
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs
index 506145568e..203e829180 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/Slider.cs
@@ -252,18 +252,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
 
         protected void UpdateNestedSamples()
         {
-            var firstSample = Samples.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL)
-                              ?? Samples.FirstOrDefault(); // TODO: remove this when guaranteed sort is present for samples (https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/1933)
-            var sampleList = new List<HitSampleInfo>();
+            // TODO: remove this when guaranteed sort is present for samples (https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/1933)
+            HitSampleInfo tickSample = (Samples.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Name == HitSampleInfo.HIT_NORMAL) ?? Samples.FirstOrDefault())?.With("slidertick");
 
-            if (firstSample != null)
-                sampleList.Add(firstSample.With("slidertick"));
+            foreach (var nested in NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                switch (nested)
+                {
+                    case SliderTick tick:
+                        tick.SamplesBindable.Clear();
 
-            foreach (var tick in NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderTick>())
-                tick.Samples = sampleList;
+                        if (tickSample != null)
+                            tick.SamplesBindable.Add(tickSample);
+                        break;
 
-            foreach (var repeat in NestedHitObjects.OfType<SliderRepeat>())
-                repeat.Samples = this.GetNodeSamples(repeat.RepeatIndex + 1);
+                    case SliderRepeat repeat:
+                        repeat.Samples = this.GetNodeSamples(repeat.RepeatIndex + 1);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
 
             if (HeadCircle != null)
                 HeadCircle.Samples = this.GetNodeSamples(0);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs
index 88a34fcb8f..2d5a5b7727 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderEndCircle.cs
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
     /// </summary>
     public abstract class SliderEndCircle : HitCircle
     {
-        private readonly Slider slider;
+        protected readonly Slider Slider;
 
         protected SliderEndCircle(Slider slider)
         {
-            this.slider = slider;
+            Slider = slider;
         }
 
         public int RepeatIndex { get; set; }
 
-        public double SpanDuration => slider.SpanDuration;
+        public double SpanDuration => Slider.SpanDuration;
 
         protected override void ApplyDefaultsToSelf(ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo, IBeatmapDifficultyInfo difficulty)
         {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
             else
             {
                 // The first end circle should fade in with the slider.
-                TimePreempt += StartTime - slider.StartTime;
+                TimePreempt += StartTime - Slider.StartTime;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTailCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTailCircle.cs
index ceee513412..ee2490439f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTailCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Objects/SliderTailCircle.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects
         public class TailJudgement : SliderEndJudgement
         {
             public override HitResult MaxResult => HitResult.SliderTailHit;
-            public override HitResult MinResult => HitResult.IgnoreMiss;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuInputManager.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuInputManager.cs
index ccd388192e..e472de1dfe 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuInputManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuInputManager.cs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
                 base.ReloadMappings(realmKeyBindings);
 
                 if (!AllowGameplayInputs)
-                    KeyBindings = KeyBindings.Where(b => b.GetAction<OsuAction>() == OsuAction.Smoke).ToList();
+                    KeyBindings = KeyBindings.Where(static b => b.GetAction<OsuAction>() == OsuAction.Smoke).ToList();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs
index 0496d1f680..6752712be1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/OsuRuleset.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
@@ -254,6 +255,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu
 
                 case ArgonSkin:
                     return new OsuArgonSkinTransformer(skin);
+
+                case TrianglesSkin:
+                    return new OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer(skin);
             }
 
             return null;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs
index 97980c6d18..4d8381cf42 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Scoring/OsuScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
 {
@@ -14,6 +16,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Scoring
         {
         }
 
+        public override ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
+        {
+            ScoreRank rank = base.RankFromScore(accuracy, results);
+
+            switch (rank)
+            {
+                case ScoreRank.S:
+                case ScoreRank.X:
+                    if (results.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss) > 0)
+                        rank = ScoreRank.A;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return rank;
+        }
+
         protected override HitEvent CreateHitEvent(JudgementResult result)
             => base.CreateHitEvent(result).With((result as OsuHitCircleJudgementResult)?.CursorPositionAtHit);
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonCursor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonCursor.cs
index 4ca6abfdf7..15838f3e1b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonCursor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonCursor.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
 {
-    public partial class ArgonCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+    public partial class ArgonCursor : SkinnableCursor
     {
         public ArgonCursor()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
index bb61bd37c1..83992fc785 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
 {
-    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : JudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
+    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : TextJudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
     {
         private RingExplosion? ringExplosion;
 
@@ -65,14 +65,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
             if (Result == HitResult.IgnoreMiss || Result == HitResult.LargeTickMiss)
             {
                 this.RotateTo(-45);
-                this.ScaleTo(1.8f);
+                this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
                 this.ScaleTo(1.2f, 100, Easing.In);
 
-                this.MoveTo(Vector2.Zero);
-                this.MoveToOffset(new Vector2(0, 10), 800, Easing.InQuint);
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(400);
             }
             else if (Result.IsMiss())
             {
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
+
                 this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
                 this.ScaleTo(1, 100, Easing.In);
 
@@ -84,14 +85,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
             }
             else
             {
+                this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
+
                 JudgementText
                     .FadeInFromZero(300, Easing.OutQuint)
                     .ScaleTo(Vector2.One)
                     .ScaleTo(new Vector2(1.2f), 1800, Easing.OutQuint);
             }
 
-            this.FadeOutFromOne(800);
-
             ringExplosion?.PlayAnimation();
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd883d6e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
+{
+    public partial class ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss : CompositeDrawable, IAnimatableJudgement
+    {
+        private readonly HitResult result;
+        private Circle piece = null!;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        public ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss(HitResult result)
+        {
+            this.result = result;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            AddInternal(piece = new Circle
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                Colour = colours.ForHitResult(result),
+                Size = new Vector2(ArgonSliderScorePoint.SIZE)
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void PlayAnimation()
+        {
+            this.ScaleTo(1.4f);
+            this.ScaleTo(1f, 150, Easing.Out);
+
+            this.FadeOutFromOne(600);
+        }
+
+        public Drawable? GetAboveHitObjectsProxiedContent() => piece.CreateProxy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSliderScorePoint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSliderScorePoint.cs
index 7479c2aced..e9ee432bac 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSliderScorePoint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/ArgonSliderScorePoint.cs
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
     {
         private Bindable<Color4> accentColour = null!;
 
-        private const float size = 12;
+        public const float SIZE = 12;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(DrawableHitObject hitObject)
         {
             Masking = true;
             Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-            Size = new Vector2(size);
+            Size = new Vector2(SIZE);
             BorderThickness = 3;
             BorderColour = Color4.White;
             Child = new Box
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/OsuArgonSkinTransformer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/OsuArgonSkinTransformer.cs
index 0f9c97059c..ec63e1194d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/OsuArgonSkinTransformer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Argon/OsuArgonSkinTransformer.cs
@@ -19,11 +19,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Argon
             switch (lookup)
             {
                 case GameplaySkinComponentLookup<HitResult> resultComponent:
+                    HitResult result = resultComponent.Component;
+
                     // This should eventually be moved to a skin setting, when supported.
-                    if (Skin is ArgonProSkin && (resultComponent.Component == HitResult.Great || resultComponent.Component == HitResult.Perfect))
+                    if (Skin is ArgonProSkin && (result == HitResult.Great || result == HitResult.Perfect))
                         return Drawable.Empty();
 
-                    return new ArgonJudgementPiece(resultComponent.Component);
+                    switch (result)
+                    {
+                        case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
+                        case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
+                            return new ArgonJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss(result);
+
+                        default:
+                            return new ArgonJudgementPiece(result);
+                    }
 
                 case OsuSkinComponentLookup osuComponent:
                     // TODO: Once everything is finalised, consider throwing UnsupportedSkinComponentException on missing entries.
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultApproachCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultApproachCircle.cs
index b65f46c414..272f4b5658 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultApproachCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultApproachCircle.cs
@@ -3,47 +3,39 @@
 
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
 {
-    public partial class DefaultApproachCircle : SkinnableSprite
+    public partial class DefaultApproachCircle : Sprite
     {
-        private readonly IBindable<Color4> accentColour = new Bindable<Color4>();
-
         [Resolved]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableObject { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public DefaultApproachCircle()
-            : base("Gameplay/osu/approachcircle")
-        {
-        }
+        private IBindable<Color4> accentColour = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(TextureStore textures)
         {
-            accentColour.BindTo(drawableObject.AccentColour);
+            Texture = textures.Get(@"Gameplay/osu/approachcircle").WithMaximumSize(OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2);
+
+            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
+            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
+            Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = colour.NewValue, true);
-        }
 
-        protected override Drawable CreateDefault(ISkinComponentLookup lookup)
-        {
-            var drawable = base.CreateDefault(lookup);
-
-            // Although this is a non-legacy component, osu-resources currently stores approach circle as a legacy-like texture.
-            // See LegacyApproachCircle for documentation as to why this is required.
-            drawable.Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
-
-            return drawable;
+            accentColour = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
+            accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = LegacyColourCompatibility.DisallowZeroAlpha(colour.NewValue), true);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04c15a1433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
+{
+    public partial class DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss : CompositeDrawable, IAnimatableJudgement
+    {
+        private readonly HitResult result;
+        private Circle piece = null!;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        public DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss(HitResult result)
+        {
+            this.result = result;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            AddInternal(piece = new Circle
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                Colour = colours.ForHitResult(result),
+                Size = new Vector2(DrawableSliderTick.DEFAULT_TICK_SIZE)
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void PlayAnimation()
+        {
+            this.ScaleTo(1.4f);
+            this.ScaleTo(1f, 150, Easing.Out);
+
+            this.FadeOutFromOne(600);
+        }
+
+        public Drawable? GetAboveHitObjectsProxiedContent() => piece.CreateProxy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4c768aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Skinning;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
+{
+    public class OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer : SkinTransformer
+    {
+        public OsuTrianglesSkinTransformer(ISkin skin)
+            : base(skin)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override Drawable? GetDrawableComponent(ISkinComponentLookup lookup)
+        {
+            switch (lookup)
+            {
+                case GameplaySkinComponentLookup<HitResult> resultComponent:
+                    HitResult result = resultComponent.Component;
+
+                    switch (result)
+                    {
+                        case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
+                        case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
+                            // use argon judgement piece for new tick misses because i don't want to design another one for triangles.
+                            return new DefaultJudgementPieceSliderTickMiss(result);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return base.GetDrawableComponent(lookup);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/PlaySliderBody.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/PlaySliderBody.cs
index aa507cbaf0..fb31f88d3c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/PlaySliderBody.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/PlaySliderBody.cs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
             ScaleBindable.BindValueChanged(scale => PathRadius = OsuHitObject.OBJECT_RADIUS * scale.NewValue, true);
 
             pathVersion = drawableSlider.PathVersion.GetBoundCopy();
-            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Refresh());
+            pathVersion.BindValueChanged(_ => Scheduler.AddOnce(Refresh));
 
             AccentColourBindable = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
             AccentColourBindable.BindValueChanged(accent => AccentColour = GetBodyAccentColour(skin, accent.NewValue), true);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/TrianglesPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/TrianglesPiece.cs
index f1143cf14d..512ac8ee3e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/TrianglesPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Default/TrianglesPiece.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default
         {
             TriangleScale = 1.2f;
             HideAlphaDiscrepancies = false;
+            ClampAxes = Axes.None;
         }
 
         protected override void Update()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyApproachCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyApproachCircle.cs
index eea6606233..0bdea0cab1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyApproachCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyApproachCircle.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -12,40 +13,31 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 {
-    // todo: this should probably not be a SkinnableSprite, as this is always created for legacy skins and is recreated on skin change.
-    public partial class LegacyApproachCircle : SkinnableSprite
+    public partial class LegacyApproachCircle : Sprite
     {
-        private readonly IBindable<Color4> accentColour = new Bindable<Color4>();
-
         [Resolved]
         private DrawableHitObject drawableObject { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public LegacyApproachCircle()
-            : base("Gameplay/osu/approachcircle", OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2)
-        {
-        }
+        private IBindable<Color4> accentColour = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load()
+        private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
-            accentColour.BindTo(drawableObject.AccentColour);
+            var texture = skin.GetTexture(@"approachcircle");
+            Debug.Assert(texture != null);
+            Texture = texture.WithMaximumSize(OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2);
+
+            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
+            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
+            Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
+
+            accentColour = drawableObject.AccentColour.GetBoundCopy();
             accentColour.BindValueChanged(colour => Colour = LegacyColourCompatibility.DisallowZeroAlpha(colour.NewValue), true);
         }
-
-        protected override Drawable CreateDefault(ISkinComponentLookup lookup)
-        {
-            var drawable = base.CreateDefault(lookup);
-
-            // account for the sprite being used for the default approach circle being taken from stable,
-            // when hitcircles have 5px padding on each size. this should be removed if we update the sprite.
-            drawable.Scale = new Vector2(128 / 118f);
-
-            return drawable;
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursor.cs
index b0c01d2925..375d81049d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyCursor.cs
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
 {
-    public partial class LegacyCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+    public partial class LegacyCursor : SkinnableCursor
     {
+        private const float pressed_scale = 1.3f;
+        private const float released_scale = 1f;
+
         private readonly ISkin skin;
         private bool spin;
 
@@ -51,5 +54,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
             if (spin)
                 ExpandTarget.Spin(10000, RotationDirection.Clockwise);
         }
+
+        public override void Expand()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale)
+                        .ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 100, Easing.Out);
+        }
+
+        public override void Contract()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale, 100, Easing.Out);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyNewStyleSpinner.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyNewStyleSpinner.cs
index 67a6d5e41a..d4a0f243e4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyNewStyleSpinner.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyNewStyleSpinner.cs
@@ -135,7 +135,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
-            spinningMiddle.Rotation = discTop.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation;
+
+            float turnRatio = spinningMiddle.Texture != null ? 0.5f : 1;
+            discTop.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation * turnRatio;
+            spinningMiddle.Rotation = DrawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation;
+
             discBottom.Rotation = discTop.Rotation / 3;
 
             glow.Alpha = DrawableSpinner.Progress;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs
index 780084115d..ad1fb98aef 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyReverseArrow.cs
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(DrawableHitObject drawableObject, ISkinSource skinSource)
         {
+            const string lookup_name = @"reversearrow";
+
             drawableRepeat = (DrawableSliderRepeat)drawableObject;
 
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
-            string lookupName = new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.ReverseArrow).LookupName;
-
-            var skin = skinSource.FindProvider(s => s.GetTexture(lookupName) != null);
+            var skin = skinSource.FindProvider(s => s.GetTexture(lookup_name) != null);
 
             InternalChild = arrow = new Sprite
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Texture = skin?.GetTexture(lookupName)?.WithMaximumSize(maxSize: OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2),
+                Texture = skin?.GetTexture(lookup_name)?.WithMaximumSize(maxSize: OsuHitObject.OBJECT_DIMENSIONS * 2),
             };
 
             textureIsDefaultSkin = skin is ISkinTransformer transformer && transformer.Skin is DefaultLegacySkin;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs
index c01d28c8e1..d2ebc68c52 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Skinning/Legacy/OsuLegacySkinTransformer.cs
@@ -163,7 +163,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Legacy
                         return null;
 
                     case OsuSkinComponents.ApproachCircle:
-                        return new LegacyApproachCircle();
+                        if (GetTexture(@"approachcircle") != null)
+                            return new LegacyApproachCircle();
+
+                        return null;
 
                     default:
                         throw new UnsupportedSkinComponentException(lookup);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Statistics/AccuracyHeatmap.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Statistics/AccuracyHeatmap.cs
index 5d950c60b2..65867f8591 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Statistics/AccuracyHeatmap.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Statistics/AccuracyHeatmap.cs
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Statistics
 
                 for (int c = 0; c < points_per_dimension; c++)
                 {
-                    HitPointType pointType = Vector2.Distance(new Vector2(c, r), centre) <= innerRadius
+                    HitPointType pointType = Vector2.Distance(new Vector2(c + 0.5f, r + 0.5f), centre) <= innerRadius
                         ? HitPointType.Hit
                         : HitPointType.Miss;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/CursorRippleVisualiser.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/CursorRippleVisualiser.cs
index 52486b701a..d898f1a1a8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/CursorRippleVisualiser.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/CursorRippleVisualiser.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -33,10 +34,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         private void load(OsuRulesetConfigManager? rulesetConfig)
         {
             rulesetConfig?.BindWith(OsuRulesetSetting.ShowCursorRipples, showRipples);
+
+            AddInternal(ripplePool);
         }
 
         public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<OsuAction> e)
         {
+            if ((Clock as IGameplayClock)?.IsRewinding == true)
+                return false;
+
             if (showRipples.Value)
             {
                 AddInternal(ripplePool.Get(r =>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursor.cs
index 18351c20ce..d8f50c1f5d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursor.cs
@@ -24,15 +24,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
     {
         public const float SIZE = 28;
 
-        private const float pressed_scale = 1.2f;
-        private const float released_scale = 1f;
-
         private bool cursorExpand;
 
         private SkinnableDrawable cursorSprite;
         private Container cursorScaleContainer = null!;
 
-        private Drawable expandTarget => (cursorSprite.Drawable as OsuCursorSprite)?.ExpandTarget ?? cursorSprite;
+        private SkinnableCursor skinnableCursor => (SkinnableCursor)cursorSprite.Drawable;
 
         public IBindable<float> CursorScale => cursorScale;
 
@@ -57,17 +54,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
-            InternalChild = cursorScaleContainer = new Container
-            {
-                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Child = cursorSprite = new SkinnableDrawable(new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.Cursor), _ => new DefaultCursor(), confineMode: ConfineMode.NoScaling)
-                {
-                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                }
-            };
+            InternalChild = CreateCursorContent();
 
             userCursorScale = config.GetBindable<float>(OsuSetting.GameplayCursorSize);
             userCursorScale.ValueChanged += _ => cursorScale.Value = CalculateCursorScale();
@@ -84,6 +71,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
             cursorScale.Value = CalculateCursorScale();
         }
 
+        protected virtual Drawable CreateCursorContent() => cursorScaleContainer = new Container
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+            Child = cursorSprite = new SkinnableDrawable(new OsuSkinComponentLookup(OsuSkinComponents.Cursor), _ => new DefaultCursor(), confineMode: ConfineMode.NoScaling)
+            {
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+            },
+        };
+
         protected virtual float CalculateCursorScale()
         {
             float scale = userCursorScale.Value;
@@ -106,10 +105,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         {
             if (!cursorExpand) return;
 
-            expandTarget.ScaleTo(released_scale).ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 400, Easing.OutElasticHalf);
+            skinnableCursor.Expand();
         }
 
-        public void Contract() => expandTarget.ScaleTo(released_scale, 400, Easing.OutQuad);
+        public void Contract() => skinnableCursor.Contract();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the scale applicable to the ActiveCursor based on a beatmap's circle size.
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
         public static float GetScaleForCircleSize(float circleSize) =>
             1f - 0.7f * (1f + circleSize - BeatmapDifficulty.DEFAULT_DIFFICULTY) / BeatmapDifficulty.DEFAULT_DIFFICULTY;
 
-        private partial class DefaultCursor : OsuCursorSprite
+        private partial class DefaultCursor : SkinnableCursor
         {
             public DefaultCursor()
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursorSprite.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursorSprite.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index aaf8949084..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/OsuCursorSprite.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-#nullable disable
-
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
-{
-    public abstract partial class OsuCursorSprite : CompositeDrawable
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The an optional piece of the cursor to expand when in a clicked state.
-        /// If null, the whole cursor will be affected by expansion.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Drawable ExpandTarget { get; protected set; }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/SkinnableCursor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/SkinnableCursor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09e6f989a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/Cursor/SkinnableCursor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI.Cursor
+{
+    public abstract partial class SkinnableCursor : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        private const float pressed_scale = 1.2f;
+        private const float released_scale = 1f;
+
+        public virtual void Expand()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale)
+                        .ScaleTo(pressed_scale, 400, Easing.OutElasticHalf);
+        }
+
+        public virtual void Contract()
+        {
+            ExpandTarget?.ScaleTo(released_scale, 400, Easing.OutQuad);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The an optional piece of the cursor to expand when in a clicked state.
+        /// If null, the whole cursor will be affected by expansion.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Drawable? ExpandTarget { get; protected set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuPlayfield.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuPlayfield.cs
index c94057cf6d..411a02c5af 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuPlayfield.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuPlayfield.cs
@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -35,6 +33,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
         private readonly ProxyContainer spinnerProxies;
         private readonly JudgementContainer<DrawableOsuJudgement> judgementLayer;
 
+        private readonly JudgementPooler<DrawableOsuJudgement> judgementPooler;
+
         public SmokeContainer Smoke { get; }
         public FollowPointRenderer FollowPoints { get; }
 
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
 
         protected override GameplayCursorContainer CreateCursor() => new OsuCursorContainer();
 
-        private readonly IDictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>> poolDictionary = new Dictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>>();
-
         private readonly Container judgementAboveHitObjectLayer;
 
         public OsuPlayfield()
@@ -65,24 +63,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
 
             HitPolicy = new StartTimeOrderedHitPolicy();
 
-            foreach (var result in Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r =>
-                     {
-                         switch (r)
-                         {
-                             case HitResult.Great:
-                             case HitResult.Ok:
-                             case HitResult.Meh:
-                             case HitResult.Miss:
-                             case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
-                             case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
-                                 return true;
-                         }
-
-                         return false;
-                     }))
-                poolDictionary.Add(result, new DrawableJudgementPool(result, onJudgementLoaded));
-
-            AddRangeInternal(poolDictionary.Values);
+            AddInternal(judgementPooler = new JudgementPooler<DrawableOsuJudgement>(new[]
+            {
+                HitResult.Great,
+                HitResult.Ok,
+                HitResult.Meh,
+                HitResult.Miss,
+                HitResult.LargeTickMiss,
+                HitResult.IgnoreMiss,
+            }, onJudgementLoaded));
 
             NewResult += onNewResult;
         }
@@ -182,10 +171,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             if (!judgedObject.DisplayResult || !DisplayJudgements.Value)
                 return;
 
-            if (!poolDictionary.TryGetValue(result.Type, out var pool))
-                return;
+            var explosion = judgementPooler.Get(result.Type, doj => doj.Apply(result, judgedObject));
 
-            DrawableOsuJudgement explosion = pool.Get(doj => doj.Apply(result, judgedObject));
+            if (explosion == null)
+                return;
 
             judgementLayer.Add(explosion);
 
@@ -201,31 +190,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public void Add(Drawable proxy) => AddInternal(proxy);
         }
 
-        private partial class DrawableJudgementPool : DrawablePool<DrawableOsuJudgement>
-        {
-            private readonly HitResult result;
-            private readonly Action<DrawableOsuJudgement> onLoaded;
-
-            public DrawableJudgementPool(HitResult result, Action<DrawableOsuJudgement> onLoaded)
-                : base(20)
-            {
-                this.result = result;
-                this.onLoaded = onLoaded;
-            }
-
-            protected override DrawableOsuJudgement CreateNewDrawable()
-            {
-                var judgement = base.CreateNewDrawable();
-
-                // just a placeholder to initialise the correct drawable hierarchy for this pool.
-                judgement.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject(), new Judgement()) { Type = result }, null);
-
-                onLoaded?.Invoke(judgement);
-
-                return judgement;
-            }
-        }
-
         private class OsuHitObjectLifetimeEntry : HitObjectLifetimeEntry
         {
             public OsuHitObjectLifetimeEntry(HitObject hitObject)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuResumeOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuResumeOverlay.cs
index f5e83f46f2..8a84fe14e5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuResumeOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/UI/OsuResumeOverlay.cs
@@ -65,17 +65,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public override bool HandlePositionalInput => true;
 
             public Action ResumeRequested;
+            private Container scaleTransitionContainer;
 
             public OsuClickToResumeCursor()
             {
                 RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both;
             }
 
-            protected override float CalculateCursorScale()
+            protected override Container CreateCursorContent() => scaleTransitionContainer = new Container
             {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Child = base.CreateCursorContent(),
+            };
+
+            protected override float CalculateCursorScale() =>
                 // Force minimum cursor size so it's easily clickable
-                return Math.Max(1f, base.CalculateCursorScale());
-            }
+                Math.Max(1f, base.CalculateCursorScale());
 
             protected override bool OnHover(HoverEvent e)
             {
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
                         if (!IsHovered)
                             return false;
 
-                        this.ScaleTo(2, TRANSITION_TIME, Easing.OutQuint);
+                        scaleTransitionContainer.ScaleTo(2, TRANSITION_TIME, Easing.OutQuint);
 
                         ResumeRequested?.Invoke();
                         return true;
@@ -114,7 +121,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI
             public void Appear() => Schedule(() =>
             {
                 updateColour();
-                this.ScaleTo(4).Then().ScaleTo(1, 1000, Easing.OutQuint);
+
+                // importantly, we perform the scale transition on an underlying container rather than the whole cursor
+                // to prevent attempts of abuse by the scale change in the cursor's hitbox (see: https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/26477).
+                scaleTransitionContainer.ScaleTo(4).Then().ScaleTo(1, 1000, Easing.OutQuint);
             });
 
             private void updateColour()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj
index 75656e2976..518ab362ca 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>click the circles. to the beat.</Description>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index cc88d3080a..0ae9ee43ad 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
 	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!taiko Test" />
 </manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android.csproj
index a639326ebd..ee973e8544 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android</AssemblyName>
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game\osu.Game.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</Project>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS.csproj
index e648a11299..ee2d4d703e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.iOS</AssemblyName>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index 56ec7d8d9c..5b192c795b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taiko-bar-right@2x.png b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taiko-bar-right@2x.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ad7849e53
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taiko-bar-right@2x.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircle@2x.png b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircle@2x.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73f856b16b
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircle@2x.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircleoverlay@2x.png b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircleoverlay@2x.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83647266bc
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Resources/special-skin/taikohitcircleoverlay@2x.png differ
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneInputDrum.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneInputDrum.cs
index 3c6319ddf9..900d6523cf 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneInputDrum.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneInputDrum.cs
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Skinning
                 {
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Size = new Vector2(200),
-                    Child = new InputDrum()
+                    Size = new Vector2(180f, 200f),
+                    Child = new InputDrum
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    }
                 }
             });
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneTaikoPlayfield.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneTaikoPlayfield.cs
index c89e2b727b..d1a8a048ed 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneTaikoPlayfield.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneTaikoPlayfield.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Skinning
 {
@@ -37,11 +39,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Skinning
                 Beatmap.Value.Track.Start();
             });
 
-            AddStep("Load playfield", () => SetContents(_ => new TaikoPlayfield
+            AddStep("Load playfield", () => SetContents(_ => new Container
             {
-                Height = 0.2f,
                 Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                 Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Size = new Vector2(2f, 1f),
+                Scale = new Vector2(0.5f),
+                Child = new TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer { Child = new TaikoPlayfield() },
             }));
         }
 
@@ -54,7 +59,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Skinning
         [Test]
         public void TestHeightChanges()
         {
-            AddRepeatStep("change height", () => this.ChildrenOfType<TaikoPlayfield>().ForEach(p => p.Height = Math.Max(0.2f, (p.Height + 0.2f) % 1f)), 50);
+            int value = 0;
+
+            AddRepeatStep("change height", () =>
+            {
+                value = (value + 1) % 5;
+
+                this.ChildrenOfType<TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer>().ForEach(p =>
+                {
+                    var parent = (Container)p.Parent.AsNonNull();
+                    parent.Scale = new Vector2(0.5f + 0.1f * value);
+                    parent.Width = 1f / parent.Scale.X;
+                    parent.Height = 0.5f / parent.Scale.Y;
+                });
+            }, 50);
         }
 
         [Test]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoHealthProcessorTest.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoHealthProcessorTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b28e870481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/TaikoHealthProcessorTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TaikoHealthProcessorTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsOnlyGreat()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsAboveThreshold()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.GreaterThan(0.5));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHitsBelowThreshold()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new Hit(),
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 1000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 2000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 3000 },
+                    new Hit { StartTime = 4000 },
+                }
+            };
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[4], new TaikoJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Miss });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.LessThan(0.5));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.True);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDrumRollOnly()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new DrumRoll { Duration = 2000 }
+                }
+            };
+
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+                ho.ApplyDefaults(beatmap.ControlPointInfo, beatmap.Difficulty);
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            foreach (var nested in beatmap.HitObjects[0].NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                var nestedJudgement = nested.Judgement;
+                healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(nested, nestedJudgement) { Type = nestedJudgement.MaxResult });
+            }
+
+            var judgement = beatmap.HitObjects[0].Judgement;
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], judgement) { Type = judgement.MaxResult });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSwellOnly()
+        {
+            var beatmap = new TaikoBeatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new DrumRoll { Duration = 2000 }
+                }
+            };
+
+            foreach (var ho in beatmap.HitObjects)
+                ho.ApplyDefaults(beatmap.ControlPointInfo, beatmap.Difficulty);
+
+            var healthProcessor = new TaikoHealthProcessor();
+            healthProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
+
+            foreach (var nested in beatmap.HitObjects[0].NestedHitObjects)
+            {
+                var nestedJudgement = nested.Judgement;
+                healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(nested, nestedJudgement) { Type = nestedJudgement.MaxResult });
+            }
+
+            var judgement = beatmap.HitObjects[0].Judgement;
+            healthProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], judgement) { Type = judgement.MaxResult });
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(healthProcessor.HasFailed, Is.False);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.csproj
index 48465bb119..26afd42445 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.csproj
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Project References">
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/Skills/Peaks.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/Skills/Peaks.cs
index ec8e754c5c..91d8e93543 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/Skills/Peaks.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/Skills/Peaks.cs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty.Skills
             double difficulty = 0;
             double weight = 1;
 
-            foreach (double strain in peaks.OrderByDescending(d => d))
+            foreach (double strain in peaks.OrderDescending())
             {
                 difficulty += strain * weight;
                 weight *= 0.9;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoDifficultyCalculator.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoDifficultyCalculator.cs
index ab193caaa3..b84c2d25ee 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoDifficultyCalculator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Difficulty/TaikoDifficultyCalculator.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Difficulty
     {
         private const double difficulty_multiplier = 1.35;
 
-        public override int Version => 20220902;
+        public override int Version => 20221107;
 
         public TaikoDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
             : base(ruleset, beatmap)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/HitPlacementBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/HitPlacementBlueprint.cs
index 8b1a4f688c..329fff5b42 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/HitPlacementBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/HitPlacementBlueprint.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Edit.Blueprints
         {
             InternalChild = piece = new HitPiece
             {
-                Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT)
+                Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT)
             };
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/TaikoSpanPlacementBlueprint.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/TaikoSpanPlacementBlueprint.cs
index b0919417a4..cd52398086 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/TaikoSpanPlacementBlueprint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Edit/Blueprints/TaikoSpanPlacementBlueprint.cs
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Edit.Blueprints
             {
                 headPiece = new HitPiece
                 {
-                    Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT)
+                    Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT)
                 },
                 lengthPiece = new LengthPiece
                 {
-                    Height = TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT
+                    Height = TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT
                 },
                 tailPiece = new HitPiece
                 {
-                    Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT)
+                    Size = new Vector2(TaikoHitObject.DEFAULT_SIZE * TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT)
                 }
             };
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModClassic.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModClassic.cs
index cdeaafde10..f63d6c2673 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModClassic.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModClassic.cs
@@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
         {
             var drawableTaikoRuleset = (DrawableTaikoRuleset)drawableRuleset;
             drawableTaikoRuleset.LockPlayfieldAspectRange.Value = false;
-
-            var playfield = (TaikoPlayfield)drawableRuleset.Playfield;
-            playfield.ClassicHitTargetPosition.Value = true;
         }
 
         public void ApplyToDrawableHitObject(DrawableHitObject drawable)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModFlashlight.cs
index 733772e21f..64f2f4c18a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Mods/TaikoModFlashlight.cs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods
             /// </param>
             private Vector2 adjustSizeForPlayfieldAspectRatio(float size)
             {
-                return new Vector2(0, size * taikoPlayfield.DrawHeight / TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
+                return new Vector2(0, size * taikoPlayfield.Parent!.Scale.Y);
             }
 
             protected override void UpdateFlashlightSize(float size)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRoll.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRoll.cs
index 2bf0c04adf..1af4719b02 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRoll.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRoll.cs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
             if (timeOffset < 0)
                 return;
 
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+            ApplyMaxResult();
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
@@ -192,7 +192,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
                 if (!ParentHitObject.Judged)
                     return;
 
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = ParentHitObject.IsHit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyResult(static (r, hitObject) =>
+                {
+                    var drumRoll = (StrongNestedHit)hitObject;
+                    r.Type = drumRoll.ParentHitObject!.IsHit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult;
+                });
             }
 
             public override bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<TaikoAction> e) => false;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRollTick.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRollTick.cs
index c900165d34..0333fd71a9 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRollTick.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableDrumRollTick.cs
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
             if (!userTriggered)
             {
                 if (timeOffset > HitObject.HitWindow)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                    ApplyMinResult();
                 return;
             }
 
             if (Math.Abs(timeOffset) > HitObject.HitWindow)
                 return;
 
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+            ApplyMaxResult();
         }
 
         public override void OnKilled()
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
             base.OnKilled();
 
             if (Time.Current > HitObject.GetEndTime() && !Judged)
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyMinResult();
         }
 
         protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
@@ -105,7 +105,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
                 if (!ParentHitObject.Judged)
                     return;
 
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = ParentHitObject.IsHit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyResult(static (r, hitObject) =>
+                {
+                    var nestedHit = (StrongNestedHit)hitObject;
+                    r.Type = nestedHit.ParentHitObject!.IsHit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult;
+                });
             }
 
             public override bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<TaikoAction> e) => false;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableFlyingHit.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableFlyingHit.cs
index a039ce3407..aad9214c5e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableFlyingHit.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableFlyingHit.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+            ApplyMaxResult();
         }
 
         protected override void LoadSamples()
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHit.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHit.cs
index 1ef426854e..4fb69056da 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHit.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHit.cs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
             if (!userTriggered)
             {
                 if (!HitObject.HitWindows.CanBeHit(timeOffset))
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                    ApplyMinResult();
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
                 return;
 
             if (!validActionPressed)
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyMinResult();
             else
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = result);
+                ApplyResult(result);
         }
 
         public override bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<TaikoAction> e)
@@ -209,19 +209,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
 
                 if (!ParentHitObject.Result.IsHit)
                 {
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                    ApplyMinResult();
                     return;
                 }
 
                 if (!userTriggered)
                 {
                     if (timeOffset - ParentHitObject.Result.TimeOffset > SECOND_HIT_WINDOW)
-                        ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                        ApplyMinResult();
                     return;
                 }
 
                 if (Math.Abs(timeOffset - ParentHitObject.Result.TimeOffset) <= SECOND_HIT_WINDOW)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
             }
 
             public override bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<TaikoAction> e)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableStrongNestedHit.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableStrongNestedHit.cs
index 724d59edcd..11759927a9 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableStrongNestedHit.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableStrongNestedHit.cs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
             // it can happen that the hit window of the nested strong hit extends past the lifetime of the parent object.
             // this is a safety to prevent such cases from causing the nested hit to never be judged and as such prevent gameplay from completing.
             if (!Judged && Time.Current > ParentHitObject?.HitObject.GetEndTime())
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyMinResult();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwell.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwell.cs
index e4a083f218..e1fc28fe16 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwell.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwell.cs
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
                 expandingRing.ScaleTo(1f + Math.Min(target_ring_scale - 1f, (target_ring_scale - 1f) * completion * 1.3f), 260, Easing.OutQuint);
 
                 if (numHits == HitObject.RequiredHits)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
             }
             else
             {
@@ -227,7 +227,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
                         tick.TriggerResult(false);
                 }
 
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = numHits == HitObject.RequiredHits ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                if (numHits == HitObject.RequiredHits)
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
+                else
+                    ApplyMinResult();
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwellTick.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwellTick.cs
index 3a5c006962..04dd01e066 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwellTick.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Objects/Drawables/DrawableSwellTick.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects.Drawables
         public void TriggerResult(bool hit)
         {
             HitObject.StartTime = Time.Current;
-            ApplyResult(r => r.Type = hit ? r.Judgement.MaxResult : r.Judgement.MinResult);
+
+            if (hit)
+                ApplyMaxResult();
+            else
+                ApplyMinResult();
         }
 
         protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs
index d75906f3aa..dfca4ac8c7 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoHealthProcessor.cs
@@ -31,11 +31,39 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         private double hpMissMultiplier;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sum of all achievable health increases throughout the map.
+        /// Used to determine if there are any objects that give health.
+        /// If there are none, health will be forcibly pulled up to 1 to avoid cases of impassable maps.
+        /// </summary>
+        private double sumOfMaxHealthIncreases;
+
         public TaikoHealthProcessor()
             : base(0.5)
         {
         }
 
+        protected override void ApplyResultInternal(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            base.ApplyResultInternal(result);
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases += result.Judgement.MaxHealthIncrease;
+        }
+
+        protected override void RevertResultInternal(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            base.RevertResultInternal(result);
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases -= result.Judgement.MaxHealthIncrease;
+        }
+
+        protected override void Reset(bool storeResults)
+        {
+            base.Reset(storeResults);
+
+            if (storeResults && sumOfMaxHealthIncreases == 0)
+                Health.Value = 1;
+            sumOfMaxHealthIncreases = 0;
+        }
+
         public override void ApplyBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             base.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoScoreProcessor.cs
index 2fd9f070ec..7e40d575bc 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Scoring/TaikoScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
 {
@@ -33,6 +35,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring
                    * strongScaleValue(result);
         }
 
+        public override ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
+        {
+            ScoreRank rank = base.RankFromScore(accuracy, results);
+
+            switch (rank)
+            {
+                case ScoreRank.S:
+                case ScoreRank.X:
+                    if (results.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss) > 0)
+                        rank = ScoreRank.A;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return rank;
+        }
+
         public override int GetBaseScoreForResult(HitResult result)
         {
             switch (result)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonInputDrum.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonInputDrum.cs
index f7b7105bdc..f22c7bf017 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonInputDrum.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonInputDrum.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Argon
 
         public ArgonInputDrum()
         {
-            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
index bbd62ff85b..724e387cc7 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Argon/ArgonJudgementPiece.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Argon
 {
-    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : JudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
+    public partial class ArgonJudgementPiece : TextJudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
     {
         private RingExplosion? ringExplosion;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Default/DefaultInputDrum.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Default/DefaultInputDrum.cs
index 60bacf6413..3eb4f6b8a6 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Default/DefaultInputDrum.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Default/DefaultInputDrum.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Default
     {
         public DefaultInputDrum()
         {
-            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyInputDrum.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyInputDrum.cs
index 8ad419f8bd..838f172186 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyInputDrum.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/LegacyInputDrum.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -18,22 +18,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Legacy
     /// </summary>
     internal partial class LegacyInputDrum : Container
     {
-        private Container content = null!;
         private LegacyHalfDrum left = null!;
         private LegacyHalfDrum right = null!;
 
         public LegacyInputDrum()
         {
-            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
-            Child = content = new Container
+            Child = new Container
             {
-                Size = new Vector2(180, 200),
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 Children = new Drawable[]
                 {
                     new Sprite
@@ -66,33 +64,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Legacy
             const float ratio = 1.6f;
 
             // because the right half is flipped, we need to position using width - position to get the true "topleft" origin position
-            float negativeScaleAdjust = content.Width / ratio;
+            const float negative_scale_adjust = TaikoPlayfield.INPUT_DRUM_WIDTH / ratio;
 
             if (skin.GetConfig<SkinConfiguration.LegacySetting, decimal>(SkinConfiguration.LegacySetting.Version)?.Value >= 2.1m)
             {
                 left.Centre.Position = new Vector2(0, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
-                right.Centre.Position = new Vector2(negativeScaleAdjust - 56, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
+                right.Centre.Position = new Vector2(negative_scale_adjust - 56, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
                 left.Rim.Position = new Vector2(0, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
-                right.Rim.Position = new Vector2(negativeScaleAdjust - 56, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
+                right.Rim.Position = new Vector2(negative_scale_adjust - 56, taiko_bar_y) * ratio;
             }
             else
             {
                 left.Centre.Position = new Vector2(18, taiko_bar_y + 31) * ratio;
-                right.Centre.Position = new Vector2(negativeScaleAdjust - 54, taiko_bar_y + 31) * ratio;
+                right.Centre.Position = new Vector2(negative_scale_adjust - 54, taiko_bar_y + 31) * ratio;
                 left.Rim.Position = new Vector2(8, taiko_bar_y + 23) * ratio;
-                right.Rim.Position = new Vector2(negativeScaleAdjust - 53, taiko_bar_y + 23) * ratio;
+                right.Rim.Position = new Vector2(negative_scale_adjust - 53, taiko_bar_y + 23) * ratio;
             }
         }
 
-        protected override void Update()
-        {
-            base.Update();
-
-            // Relying on RelativeSizeAxes.Both + FillMode.Fit doesn't work due to the precise pixel layout requirements.
-            // This is a bit ugly but makes the non-legacy implementations a lot cleaner to implement.
-            content.Scale = new Vector2(DrawHeight / content.Size.Y);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// A half-drum. Contains one centre and one rim hit.
         /// </summary>
@@ -153,16 +142,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Legacy
 
                 if (target != null)
                 {
-                    const float alpha_amount = 1;
-
                     const float down_time = 80;
                     const float up_time = 50;
 
-                    target.Animate(
-                        t => t.FadeTo(Math.Min(target.Alpha + alpha_amount, 1), down_time)
-                    ).Then(
-                        t => t.FadeOut(up_time)
-                    );
+                    target
+                        .FadeTo(1, down_time * (1 - target.Alpha), Easing.Out)
+                        .Delay(100).FadeOut(up_time);
                 }
 
                 return false;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/TaikoLegacyHitTarget.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/TaikoLegacyHitTarget.cs
index 492782f0d1..0b43f1c845 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/TaikoLegacyHitTarget.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/Skinning/Legacy/TaikoLegacyHitTarget.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -13,47 +12,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Skinning.Legacy
 {
     public partial class TaikoLegacyHitTarget : CompositeDrawable
     {
-        private Container content = null!;
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ISkinSource skin)
         {
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
-            InternalChild = content = new Container
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
-                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Children = new Drawable[]
+                new Sprite
                 {
-                    new Sprite
-                    {
-                        Texture = skin.GetTexture("approachcircle"),
-                        Scale = new Vector2(0.83f),
-                        Alpha = 0.47f, // eyeballed to match stable
-                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                        Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    },
-                    new Sprite
-                    {
-                        Texture = skin.GetTexture("taikobigcircle"),
-                        Scale = new Vector2(0.8f),
-                        Alpha = 0.22f, // eyeballed to match stable
-                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                        Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    },
-                }
+                    Texture = skin.GetTexture("approachcircle"),
+                    Scale = new Vector2(0.83f),
+                    Alpha = 0.47f, // eyeballed to match stable
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                },
+                new Sprite
+                {
+                    Texture = skin.GetTexture("taikobigcircle"),
+                    Scale = new Vector2(0.8f),
+                    Alpha = 0.22f, // eyeballed to match stable
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                },
             };
         }
-
-        protected override void Update()
-        {
-            base.Update();
-
-            // Relying on RelativeSizeAxes.Both + FillMode.Fit doesn't work due to the precise pixel layout requirements.
-            // This is a bit ugly but makes the non-legacy implementations a lot cleaner to implement.
-            content.Scale = new Vector2(DrawHeight / TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs
index ad3b7b09f7..24b0ec5d57 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoRuleset.cs
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
 
         public override IEnumerable<KeyBinding> GetDefaultKeyBindings(int variant = 0) => new[]
         {
-            new KeyBinding(InputKey.MouseLeft, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.MouseRight, TaikoAction.LeftRim),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.D, TaikoAction.LeftRim),
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.MouseLeft, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.F, TaikoAction.LeftCentre),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.J, TaikoAction.RightCentre),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.K, TaikoAction.RightRim),
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoSettingsSubsection.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoSettingsSubsection.cs
index 9fe861c08c..84dea474c5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoSettingsSubsection.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/TaikoSettingsSubsection.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Configuration;
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko
             {
                 new SettingsEnumDropdown<TaikoTouchControlScheme>
                 {
-                    LabelText = "Touch control scheme",
+                    LabelText = RulesetSettingsStrings.TouchControlScheme,
                     Current = config.GetBindable<TaikoTouchControlScheme>(TaikoRulesetSetting.TouchControlScheme)
                 }
             };
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrawableTaikoRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrawableTaikoRuleset.cs
index 49b0ad811d..77b2b06c0e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrawableTaikoRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrawableTaikoRuleset.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ using osu.Game.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Timing;
@@ -36,6 +35,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
 
         public new TaikoInputManager KeyBindingInputManager => (TaikoInputManager)base.KeyBindingInputManager;
 
+        protected new TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer => (TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer)base.PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer;
+
         protected override bool UserScrollSpeedAdjustment => false;
 
         private SkinnableDrawable scroller;
@@ -68,22 +69,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
             TimeRange.Value = ComputeTimeRange();
         }
 
-        protected virtual double ComputeTimeRange()
-        {
-            // Taiko scrolls at a constant 100px per 1000ms. More notes become visible as the playfield is lengthened.
-            const float scroll_rate = 10;
-
-            // Since the time range will depend on a positional value, it is referenced to the x480 pixel space.
-            // Width is used because it defines how many notes fit on the playfield.
-            // We clamp the ratio to the maximum aspect ratio to keep scroll speed consistent on widths lower than the default.
-            float ratio = Math.Max(DrawSize.X / 768f, TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.MAXIMUM_ASPECT);
-
-            // Stable internally increased the slider velocity of objects by a factor of `VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER`.
-            // To simulate this, we shrink the time range by that factor here.
-            // This, when combined with the rest of the scrolling ruleset machinery (see `MultiplierControlPoint` et al.),
-            // has the effect of increasing each multiplier control point's multiplier by `VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER`, ensuring parity with stable.
-            return (Playfield.HitObjectContainer.DrawWidth / ratio) * scroll_rate / TaikoBeatmapConverter.VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER;
-        }
+        protected virtual double ComputeTimeRange() => PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.ComputeTimeRange();
 
         protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrumTouchInputArea.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrumTouchInputArea.cs
index 29ccd96675..0b7f6f621a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrumTouchInputArea.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/DrumTouchInputArea.cs
@@ -179,10 +179,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
             TaikoAction taikoAction = getTaikoActionFromPosition(position);
 
             // Not too sure how this can happen, but let's avoid throwing.
-            if (trackedActions.ContainsKey(source))
+            if (!trackedActions.TryAdd(source, taikoAction))
                 return;
 
-            trackedActions.Add(source, taikoAction);
             keyBindingContainer.TriggerPressed(taikoAction);
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/InputDrum.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/InputDrum.cs
index 725857ed34..d0a8cf647d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/InputDrum.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/InputDrum.cs
@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
     /// </summary>
     internal partial class InputDrum : Container
     {
-        public InputDrum()
-        {
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
-            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
-        }
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
@@ -27,8 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
             {
                 new SkinnableDrawable(new TaikoSkinComponentLookup(TaikoSkinComponents.InputDrum), _ => new DefaultInputDrum())
                 {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
-                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 },
             };
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfield.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfield.cs
index 31f8171290..0510f08068 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfield.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfield.cs
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
@@ -24,57 +20,50 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
-using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
 {
     public partial class TaikoPlayfield : ScrollingPlayfield
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Default height of a <see cref="TaikoPlayfield"/> when inside a <see cref="DrawableTaikoRuleset"/>.
+        /// Base height of a <see cref="TaikoPlayfield"/> when inside a <see cref="DrawableTaikoRuleset"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public const float DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
+        public const float BASE_HEIGHT = 200;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the hit target should be nudged further towards the left area, matching the stable "classic" position.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Bindable<bool> ClassicHitTargetPosition = new BindableBool();
+        public const float INPUT_DRUM_WIDTH = 180f;
 
         public Container UnderlayElements { get; private set; } = null!;
 
-        private Container<HitExplosion> hitExplosionContainer;
-        private Container<KiaiHitExplosion> kiaiExplosionContainer;
-        private JudgementContainer<DrawableTaikoJudgement> judgementContainer;
-        private ScrollingHitObjectContainer drumRollHitContainer;
-        internal Drawable HitTarget;
-        private SkinnableDrawable mascot;
+        private Container<HitExplosion> hitExplosionContainer = null!;
+        private Container<KiaiHitExplosion> kiaiExplosionContainer = null!;
+        private JudgementContainer<DrawableTaikoJudgement> judgementContainer = null!;
+        private ScrollingHitObjectContainer drumRollHitContainer = null!;
+        internal Drawable HitTarget = null!;
 
-        private readonly IDictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableTaikoJudgement>> judgementPools = new Dictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<DrawableTaikoJudgement>>();
+        private JudgementPooler<DrawableTaikoJudgement> judgementPooler = null!;
         private readonly IDictionary<HitResult, HitExplosionPool> explosionPools = new Dictionary<HitResult, HitExplosionPool>();
 
-        private ProxyContainer topLevelHitContainer;
-        private InputDrum inputDrum;
-        private Container rightArea;
+        private ProxyContainer topLevelHitContainer = null!;
+        private InputDrum inputDrum = null!;
 
         /// <remarks>
         /// <see cref="Playfield.AddNested"/> is purposefully not called on this to prevent i.e. being able to interact
         /// with bar lines in the editor.
         /// </remarks>
-        private BarLinePlayfield barLinePlayfield;
-
-        private Container barLineContent;
-        private Container hitObjectContent;
-        private Container overlayContent;
+        private BarLinePlayfield barLinePlayfield = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuColour colours)
         {
+            const float hit_target_width = BASE_HEIGHT;
+            const float hit_target_offset = -24f;
+
             inputDrum = new InputDrum
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                 Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                Width = INPUT_DRUM_WIDTH,
             };
 
             InternalChildren = new[]
@@ -83,8 +72,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                 new Container
                 {
                     Name = "Left overlay",
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    FillMode = FillMode.Fit,
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                    Width = INPUT_DRUM_WIDTH,
                     BorderColour = colours.Gray0,
                     Children = new[]
                     {
@@ -92,7 +81,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                         inputDrum.CreateProxy(),
                     }
                 },
-                mascot = new SkinnableDrawable(new TaikoSkinComponentLookup(TaikoSkinComponents.Mascot), _ => Empty())
+                new SkinnableDrawable(new TaikoSkinComponentLookup(TaikoSkinComponents.Mascot), _ => Empty())
                 {
                     Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
                     Anchor = Anchor.TopLeft,
@@ -100,18 +89,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.None,
                     Y = 0.2f
                 },
-                rightArea = new Container
+                new Container
                 {
                     Name = "Right area",
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = INPUT_DRUM_WIDTH },
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
                         new Container
                         {
-                            Name = "Elements before hit objects",
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            FillMode = FillMode.Fit,
+                            Name = "Elements behind hit objects",
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            Width = hit_target_width,
+                            X = hit_target_offset,
                             Children = new[]
                             {
                                 new SkinnableDrawable(new TaikoSkinComponentLookup(TaikoSkinComponents.KiaiGlow), _ => Empty())
@@ -128,10 +118,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                                 }
                             }
                         },
-                        barLineContent = new Container
+                        new Container
                         {
                             Name = "Bar line content",
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = hit_target_width / 2 + hit_target_offset },
                             Children = new Drawable[]
                             {
                                 UnderlayElements = new Container
@@ -141,17 +132,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                                 barLinePlayfield = new BarLinePlayfield(),
                             }
                         },
-                        hitObjectContent = new Container
+                        new Container
                         {
                             Name = "Masked hit objects content",
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = hit_target_width / 2 + hit_target_offset },
                             Masking = true,
                             Child = HitObjectContainer,
                         },
-                        overlayContent = new Container
+                        new Container
                         {
-                            Name = "Elements after hit objects",
+                            Name = "Overlay content",
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = hit_target_width / 2 + hit_target_offset },
                             Children = new Drawable[]
                             {
                                 drumRollHitContainer = new DrumRollHitContainer(),
@@ -202,13 +195,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
 
             var hitWindows = new TaikoHitWindows();
 
-            foreach (var result in Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r => hitWindows.IsHitResultAllowed(r)))
-            {
-                judgementPools.Add(result, new DrawablePool<DrawableTaikoJudgement>(15));
-                explosionPools.Add(result, new HitExplosionPool(result));
-            }
+            HitResult[] usableHitResults = Enum.GetValues<HitResult>().Where(r => hitWindows.IsHitResultAllowed(r)).ToArray();
 
-            AddRangeInternal(judgementPools.Values);
+            AddInternal(judgementPooler = new JudgementPooler<DrawableTaikoJudgement>(usableHitResults));
+
+            foreach (var result in usableHitResults)
+                explosionPools.Add(result, new HitExplosionPool(result));
             AddRangeInternal(explosionPools.Values);
         }
 
@@ -226,20 +218,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
             topLevelHitContainer.Add(taikoObject.CreateProxiedContent());
         }
 
-        protected override void Update()
-        {
-            base.Update();
-
-            // Padding is required to be updated for elements which are based on "absolute" X sized elements.
-            // This is basically allowing for correct alignment as relative pieces move around them.
-            rightArea.Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = inputDrum.Width };
-            barLineContent.Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = HitTarget.DrawWidth / 2 };
-            hitObjectContent.Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = HitTarget.DrawWidth / 2 };
-            overlayContent.Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = HitTarget.DrawWidth / 2 };
-
-            mascot.Scale = new Vector2(DrawHeight / DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
-        }
-
         #region Pooling support
 
         public override void Add(HitObject h)
@@ -339,7 +317,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                     if (!result.Type.IsScorable())
                         break;
 
-                    judgementContainer.Add(judgementPools[result.Type].Get(j => j.Apply(result, judgedObject)));
+                    var judgement = judgementPooler.Get(result.Type, j => j.Apply(result, judgedObject));
+
+                    if (judgement == null)
+                        return;
+
+                    judgementContainer.Add(judgement);
 
                     var type = (judgedObject.HitObject as Hit)?.Type ?? HitType.Centre;
                     addExplosion(judgedObject, result.Type, type);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
index 54608b77de..c67f61052c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/UI/TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer.cs
@@ -4,24 +4,38 @@
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
 {
     public partial class TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer : PlayfieldAdjustmentContainer
     {
-        private const float default_relative_height = TaikoPlayfield.DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 768;
-
         public const float MAXIMUM_ASPECT = 16f / 9f;
         public const float MINIMUM_ASPECT = 5f / 4f;
 
+        private const float stable_gamefield_height = 480f;
+
         public readonly IBindable<bool> LockPlayfieldAspectRange = new BindableBool(true);
 
+        public TaikoPlayfieldAdjustmentContainer()
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Y;
+            Height = TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT;
+
+            // Matches stable, see https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/7519cafd1823f1879c0d9c991ba0e5c7fd3bfa02/osu!/GameModes/Play/Rulesets/Taiko/RulesetTaiko.cs#L514
+            Y = 135f / stable_gamefield_height;
+        }
+
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
 
-            float height = default_relative_height;
+            const float base_relative_height = TaikoPlayfield.BASE_HEIGHT / 768;
+
+            float relativeHeight = base_relative_height;
 
             // Players coming from stable expect to be able to change the aspect ratio regardless of the window size.
             // We originally wanted to limit this more, but there was considerable pushback from the community.
@@ -33,19 +47,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.UI
                 float currentAspect = Parent!.ChildSize.X / Parent!.ChildSize.Y;
 
                 if (currentAspect > MAXIMUM_ASPECT)
-                    height *= currentAspect / MAXIMUM_ASPECT;
+                    relativeHeight *= currentAspect / MAXIMUM_ASPECT;
                 else if (currentAspect < MINIMUM_ASPECT)
-                    height *= currentAspect / MINIMUM_ASPECT;
+                    relativeHeight *= currentAspect / MINIMUM_ASPECT;
             }
 
             // Limit the maximum relative height of the playfield to one-third of available area to avoid it masking out on extreme resolutions.
-            height = Math.Min(height, 1f / 3f);
-            Height = height;
+            relativeHeight = Math.Min(relativeHeight, 1f / 3f);
 
-            // Position the taiko playfield exactly one playfield from the top of the screen, if there is enough space for it.
-            // Note that the relative height cannot exceed one-third - if that limit is hit, the playfield will be exactly centered.
-            RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Y;
-            Y = height;
+            Scale = new Vector2(Math.Max((Parent!.ChildSize.Y / 768f) * (relativeHeight / base_relative_height), 1f));
+            Width = 1 / Scale.X;
+        }
+
+        public double ComputeTimeRange()
+        {
+            float currentAspect = Parent!.ChildSize.X / Parent!.ChildSize.Y;
+
+            if (LockPlayfieldAspectRange.Value)
+                currentAspect = Math.Clamp(currentAspect, MINIMUM_ASPECT, MAXIMUM_ASPECT);
+
+            // in a game resolution of 1024x768, stable's scrolling system consists of objects being placed 600px (widthScaled - 40) away from their hit location.
+            // however, the point at which the object renders at the end of the screen is exactly x=640, but stable makes the object start moving from beyond the screen instead of the boundary point.
+            // therefore, in lazer we have to adjust the "in length" so that it's in a 640px->160px fashion before passing it down as a "time range".
+            // see stable's "in length": https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/GameplayElements/HitObjectManagerTaiko.cs#L168
+            const float stable_hit_location = 160f;
+            float widthScaled = currentAspect * stable_gamefield_height;
+            float inLength = widthScaled - stable_hit_location;
+
+            // also in a game resolution of 1024x768, stable makes hit objects scroll from 760px->160px at a duration of 6000ms, divided by slider velocity (i.e. at a rate of 0.1px/ms)
+            // compare: https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/GameplayElements/HitObjectManagerTaiko.cs#L218
+            // note: the variable "sv", in the linked reference, is equivalent to MultiplierControlPoint.Multiplier * 100, but since time range is agnostic of velocity, we replace "sv" with 100 below.
+            float inMsLength = inLength / 100 * 1000;
+
+            // stable multiplies the slider velocity by 1.4x for certain reasons, divide the time range by that factor to achieve similar result.
+            // for references on how the factor is applied to the time range, see:
+            //  1. https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/GameplayElements/HitObjectManagerTaiko.cs#L79 (DifficultySliderMultiplier multiplied by 1.4x)
+            //  2. https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/GameplayElements/HitObjectManager.cs#L468-L470 (DifficultySliderMultiplier used to calculate SliderScoringPointDistance)
+            //  3. https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/GameplayElements/HitObjectManager.cs#L248-L250 (SliderScoringPointDistance used to calculate slider velocity, i.e. the "sv" variable from above)
+            inMsLength /= TaikoBeatmapConverter.VELOCITY_MULTIPLIER;
+
+            return inMsLength;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj
index f0e1cb8e8f..cacba55c2a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko/osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>bash the drum. to the beat.</Description>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml b/osu.Game.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
index 6f91fb928c..71793af977 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="34" />
 	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!visual Test" />
 </manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj b/osu.Game.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj
index b745d91980..b02425eadd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests.Android/osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.Android.props" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-android</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Tests.Android</AssemblyName>
@@ -31,4 +31,22 @@
     <PackageReference Include="DeepEqual" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <!-- osu.Framework.Android depends on https://www.nuget.org/packages/Xamarin.AndroidX.Window,
+       which - via a chain of transitive dependencies - also includes https://www.nuget.org/packages/Xamarin.Jetbrains.Annotations,
+       which causes compile failures such as:
+
+         The type 'NotNullAttribute' exists in both 'JetBrains.Annotations, Version=4242.42.42.42, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=1010a0d8d6380325'
+         and 'Xamarin.Jetbrains.Annotations, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' [D:\a\osu\osu\osu.Game.Tests.Android\osu.Game.Tests.Android.csproj]
+
+       We cannot easily change the source files, because of how this project works
+       (all source files are basically symlinked from the desktop test project,
+       so changing anything there just for the sake of mobile would be strange).
+       Thus, apply the following "interesting" workaround as borrowed from https://stackoverflow.com/a/65127159 instead. -->
+  <Target Name="AddPackageAliases" BeforeTargets="FindReferenceAssembliesForReferences;ResolveReferences">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <ReferencePath Condition="%(Filename) == 'Xamarin.Jetbrains.Annotations'">
+        <Aliases>XamarinJetbrainsAnnotations</Aliases>
+      </ReferencePath>
+    </ItemGroup>
+  </Target>
 </Project>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Tests.iOS.csproj b/osu.Game.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Tests.iOS.csproj
index 79771fcd50..e4b9d2ba94 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Tests.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests.iOS/osu.Game.Tests.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <RootNamespace>osu.Game.Tests</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>osu.Game.Tests.iOS</AssemblyName>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookupTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookupTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11c4c54ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookupTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using Moq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookupTest
+    {
+        private Mock<IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource> apiMetadataSourceMock = null!;
+        private Mock<IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource> localCachedMetadataSourceMock = null!;
+
+        private BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup metadataLookup = null!;
+
+        [SetUp]
+        public void SetUp()
+        {
+            apiMetadataSourceMock = new Mock<IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource>();
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock = new Mock<IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource>();
+
+            metadataLookup = new BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup(apiMetadataSourceMock.Object, localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Object);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLocalCacheQueriedFirst()
+        {
+            var localLookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 123456,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+            };
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out localLookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(true);
+
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch: false);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata>.IsAny!), Times.Never);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAPIQueriedSecond()
+        {
+            OnlineBeatmapMetadata? localLookupResult = null;
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out localLookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(false);
+
+            var onlineLookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 123456,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+            };
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out onlineLookupResult))
+                                 .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch: false);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPreferOnlineFetch()
+        {
+            var localLookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 123456,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+            };
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out localLookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(true);
+
+            var onlineLookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 123456,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Graveyard,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Graveyard,
+            };
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out onlineLookupResult))
+                                 .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch: true);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Graveyard));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Graveyard));
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Never);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPreferOnlineFetchFallsBackToLocalCacheIfOnlineSourceUnavailable()
+        {
+            var localLookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 123456,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+            };
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out localLookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(true);
+
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(false);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch: true);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Never);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMetadataLookupFailed()
+        {
+            OnlineBeatmapMetadata? lookupResult = null;
+
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(false);
+
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                                 .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch: false);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(-1));
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Verify(src => src.TryLookup(beatmap, out It.Ref<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>.IsAny!), Times.Once);
+        }
+
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// For the time being, if we fail to find a match in the local cache but online retrieval is not available, we trust the incoming beatmap verbatim wrt online ID.
+        /// While this is suboptimal as it implicitly trusts the contents of the beatmap,
+        /// throwing away the online data would be anti-user as it would make all beatmaps imported offline stop working in online.
+        /// TODO: revisit if/when we have a better flow of queueing metadata retrieval.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLocalMetadataLookupReturnedNoMatchAndOnlineLookupIsUnavailable([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            OnlineBeatmapMetadata? localLookupResult = null;
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out localLookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(false);
+
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(false);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(123456));
+        }
+
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// For the time being, if there are no available metadata lookup sources, we trust the incoming beatmap verbatim wrt online ID.
+        /// While this is suboptimal as it implicitly trusts the contents of the beatmap,
+        /// throwing away the online data would be anti-user as it would make all beatmaps imported offline stop working in online.
+        /// TODO: revisit if/when we have a better flow of queueing metadata retrieval.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoAvailableSources([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            OnlineBeatmapMetadata? lookupResult = null;
+
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(false);
+            localCachedMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                                         .Returns(false);
+
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(false);
+            apiMetadataSourceMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                                 .Returns(false);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(123456));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestReturnedMetadataHasDifferentOnlineID([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var lookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata { BeatmapID = 654321, BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo { OnlineID = 123456 };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(-1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMetadataLookupForBeatmapWithoutPopulatedIDAndCorrectHash([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var lookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 654321,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef",
+            };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef"
+            };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(654321));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMetadataLookupForBeatmapWithoutPopulatedIDAndIncorrectHash([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var lookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 654321,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe",
+            };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef"
+            };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(-1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestReturnedMetadataHasDifferentHash([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var lookupResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 654321,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef"
+            };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.IsAny<BeatmapInfo>(), out lookupResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var beatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                OnlineID = 654321,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe",
+            };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(beatmap.Yield());
+            beatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(beatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(beatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(654321));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPartiallyModifiedSet([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var firstResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 654321,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe"
+            };
+            var secondResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 666666,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"dededede"
+            };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.Is<BeatmapInfo>(bi => bi.OnlineID == 654321), out firstResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.Is<BeatmapInfo>(bi => bi.OnlineID == 666666), out secondResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var firstBeatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                OnlineID = 654321,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe",
+            };
+            var secondBeatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                OnlineID = 666666,
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef"
+            };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(new[]
+            {
+                firstBeatmap,
+                secondBeatmap
+            });
+            firstBeatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+            secondBeatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(firstBeatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(firstBeatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(654321));
+
+            Assert.That(secondBeatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(secondBeatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(666666));
+
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPartiallyMaliciousSet([Values] bool preferOnlineFetch)
+        {
+            var firstResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapID = 654321,
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe"
+            };
+            var secondResult = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+            {
+                BeatmapStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                BeatmapSetStatus = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                MD5Hash = @"dededede"
+            };
+
+            var targetMock = preferOnlineFetch ? apiMetadataSourceMock : localCachedMetadataSourceMock;
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.Available).Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.Is<BeatmapInfo>(bi => bi.OnlineID == 654321), out firstResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+            targetMock.Setup(src => src.TryLookup(It.Is<BeatmapInfo>(bi => bi.OnlineID == 666666), out secondResult))
+                      .Returns(true);
+
+            var firstBeatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                OnlineID = 654321,
+                MD5Hash = @"cafebabe",
+            };
+            var secondBeatmap = new BeatmapInfo
+            {
+                OnlineID = 666666,
+                MD5Hash = @"deadbeef"
+            };
+            var beatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(new[]
+            {
+                firstBeatmap,
+                secondBeatmap
+            });
+            firstBeatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+            secondBeatmap.BeatmapSet = beatmapSet;
+
+            metadataLookup.Update(beatmapSet, preferOnlineFetch);
+
+            Assert.That(firstBeatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked));
+            Assert.That(firstBeatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(654321));
+
+            Assert.That(secondBeatmap.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+            Assert.That(secondBeatmap.OnlineID, Is.EqualTo(-1));
+
+            Assert.That(beatmapSet.Status, Is.EqualTo(BeatmapOnlineStatus.None));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyScoreDecoderTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyScoreDecoderTest.cs
index 4e281cf28e..7e3967dc95 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyScoreDecoderTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyScoreDecoderTest.cs
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
 
 #nullable disable
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
+using osu.Game.IO.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch;
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
@@ -55,14 +59,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                 Assert.AreEqual(2, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Great]);
                 Assert.AreEqual(1, score.ScoreInfo.Statistics[HitResult.Good]);
 
-                Assert.AreEqual(829_931, score.ScoreInfo.TotalScore);
+                Assert.AreEqual(829_931, score.ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore);
                 Assert.AreEqual(3, score.ScoreInfo.MaxCombo);
 
                 Assert.IsTrue(score.ScoreInfo.Mods.Any(m => m is ManiaModClassic));
                 Assert.IsTrue(score.ScoreInfo.APIMods.Any(m => m.Acronym == "CL"));
                 Assert.IsTrue(score.ScoreInfo.ModsJson.Contains("CL"));
 
-                Assert.IsTrue(Precision.AlmostEquals(0.8889, score.ScoreInfo.Accuracy, 0.0001));
+                Assert.That((2 * 300d + 1 * 200) / (3 * 305d), Is.EqualTo(score.ScoreInfo.Accuracy).Within(0.0001));
                 Assert.AreEqual(ScoreRank.B, score.ScoreInfo.Rank);
 
                 Assert.That(score.Replay.Frames, Is.Not.Empty);
@@ -247,6 +251,167 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
             });
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void AccuracyOfStableScoreRecomputed()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+
+            // local partial implementation of legacy score encoder
+            // this is done half for readability, half because `LegacyScoreEncoder` forces `LATEST_VERSION`
+            // and we want to emulate a stable score here
+            using (var sw = new SerializationWriter(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+                sw.Write((byte)3); // ruleset id (mania).
+                                   // mania is used intentionally as it is the only ruleset wherein default accuracy calculation is changed in lazer
+                sw.Write(20240116); // version (anything below `LegacyScoreEncoder.FIRST_LAZER_VERSION` is stable)
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // beatmap hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write("username"); // irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // score hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)1); // count300
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // count100
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // count50
+                sw.Write((ushort)198); // countGeki (perfects / "rainbow 300s" in mania)
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countKatu
+                sw.Write((ushort)1); // countMiss
+                sw.Write(12345678); // total score, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)1000); // max combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(false); // full combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((int)LegacyMods.Hidden); // mods
+                sw.Write(string.Empty); // hp graph, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(DateTime.Now); // date, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(Array.Empty<byte>()); // replay data, irrelevant
+                sw.Write((long)1234); // legacy online ID, irrelevant
+            }
+
+            memoryStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            var decoded = new TestLegacyScoreDecoder().Parse(memoryStream);
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(decoded.ScoreInfo.Accuracy, Is.EqualTo((double)(198 * 305 + 300) / (200 * 305)));
+                Assert.That(decoded.ScoreInfo.Rank, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.SH));
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RankOfStableScoreUsesLazerDefinitions()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+
+            // local partial implementation of legacy score encoder
+            // this is done half for readability, half because `LegacyScoreEncoder` forces `LATEST_VERSION`
+            // and we want to emulate a stable score here
+            using (var sw = new SerializationWriter(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+                sw.Write((byte)0); // ruleset id (osu!)
+                sw.Write(20240116); // version (anything below `LegacyScoreEncoder.FIRST_LAZER_VERSION` is stable)
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // beatmap hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write("username"); // irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // score hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)195); // count300
+                sw.Write((ushort)1); // count100
+                sw.Write((ushort)4); // count50
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countGeki
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countKatu
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countMiss
+                sw.Write(12345678); // total score, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)1000); // max combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(false); // full combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((int)LegacyMods.Hidden); // mods
+                sw.Write(string.Empty); // hp graph, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(DateTime.Now); // date, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(Array.Empty<byte>()); // replay data, irrelevant
+                sw.Write((long)1234); // legacy online ID, irrelevant
+            }
+
+            memoryStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            var decoded = new TestLegacyScoreDecoder().Parse(memoryStream);
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                // In stable this would be an A because there are over 1% 50s. But that's not a thing in lazer.
+                Assert.That(decoded.ScoreInfo.Rank, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.SH));
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AccuracyRankAndTotalScoreOfLazerScorePreserved()
+        {
+            var ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo;
+
+            var scoreInfo = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo(ruleset);
+            scoreInfo.Mods = new Mod[] { new OsuModFlashlight() };
+            scoreInfo.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>
+            {
+                [HitResult.Great] = 199,
+                [HitResult.Miss] = 1,
+                [HitResult.LargeTickHit] = 1,
+            };
+            scoreInfo.MaximumStatistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>
+            {
+                [HitResult.Great] = 200,
+                [HitResult.LargeTickHit] = 1,
+            };
+
+            var beatmap = new TestBeatmap(ruleset);
+            var score = new Score
+            {
+                ScoreInfo = scoreInfo,
+            };
+
+            var decodedAfterEncode = encodeThenDecode(LegacyBeatmapDecoder.LATEST_VERSION, score, beatmap);
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.TotalScore, Is.EqualTo(284_537));
+                Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore, Is.Null);
+                Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.Accuracy, Is.EqualTo((double)(199 * 300 + 30) / (200 * 300 + 30)));
+                Assert.That(decodedAfterEncode.ScoreInfo.Rank, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.A));
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AccuracyAndRankOfLazerScoreWithoutLegacyReplaySoloScoreInfoUsesBestEffortFallbackToLegacy()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+
+            // local partial implementation of legacy score encoder
+            // this is done half for readability, half because we want to emulate an old lazer score here
+            // that does not have everything that `LegacyScoreEncoder` now writes to the replay
+            using (var sw = new SerializationWriter(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+                sw.Write((byte)0); // ruleset id (osu!)
+                sw.Write(LegacyScoreEncoder.FIRST_LAZER_VERSION); // version
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // beatmap hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write("username"); // irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(string.Empty.ComputeMD5Hash()); // score hash, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)198); // count300
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // count100
+                sw.Write((ushort)1); // count50
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countGeki
+                sw.Write((ushort)0); // countKatu
+                sw.Write((ushort)1); // countMiss
+                sw.Write(12345678); // total score, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((ushort)1000); // max combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write(false); // full combo, irrelevant to this test
+                sw.Write((int)LegacyMods.Hidden); // mods
+                sw.Write(string.Empty); // hp graph, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(DateTime.Now); // date, irrelevant
+                sw.Write(Array.Empty<byte>()); // replay data, irrelevant
+                sw.Write((long)1234); // legacy online ID, irrelevant
+                // importantly, no compressed `LegacyReplaySoloScoreInfo` here
+            }
+
+            memoryStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            var decoded = new TestLegacyScoreDecoder().Parse(memoryStream);
+
+            Assert.Multiple(() =>
+            {
+                Assert.That(decoded.ScoreInfo.Accuracy, Is.EqualTo((double)(198 * 300 + 50) / (200 * 300)));
+                Assert.That(decoded.ScoreInfo.Rank, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.A));
+            });
+        }
+
         private static Score encodeThenDecode(int beatmapVersion, Score score, TestBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             var encodeStream = new MemoryStream();
@@ -294,6 +459,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps.Formats
                     Ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo,
                     Difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty(),
                     BeatmapVersion = beatmapVersion,
+                },
+                // needs to have at least one objects so that `StandardisedScoreMigrationTools` doesn't die
+                // when trying to recompute total score.
+                HitObjects =
+                {
+                    new HitCircle()
                 }
             });
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapTest.cs
index f4b1028c0e..3c26f8e39a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapTest.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -98,9 +99,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps
                     Beatmap = beatmap;
                 }
 
+#pragma warning disable CS0067
+                [CanBeNull]
                 public event Action<HitObject, IEnumerable<HitObject>> ObjectConverted;
-
-                protected virtual void OnObjectConverted(HitObject arg1, IEnumerable<HitObject> arg2) => ObjectConverted?.Invoke(arg1, arg2);
+#pragma warning restore CS0067
 
                 public IBeatmap Beatmap { get; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
index eae12edebd..95fd2669e5 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Chat/TestSceneChannelManager.cs
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Chat
                     return false;
                 };
             });
-
-            AddUntilStep("wait for notifications client", () => channelManager.NotificationsConnected);
         }
 
         [Test]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
index 8b066f860f..e960995c45 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessorTests.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy;
@@ -210,31 +211,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
             AddAssert("Score version not upgraded", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.TotalScoreVersion), () => Is.EqualTo(30000001));
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void TestNonLegacyScoreNotSubjectToUpgrades()
-        {
-            ScoreInfo scoreInfo = null!;
-            TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor processor = null!;
-
-            AddStep("Add score which requires upgrade (and has beatmap)", () =>
-            {
-                Realm.Write(r =>
-                {
-                    r.Add(scoreInfo = new ScoreInfo(ruleset: r.All<RulesetInfo>().First(), beatmap: r.All<BeatmapInfo>().First())
-                    {
-                        TotalScoreVersion = 30000005,
-                        LegacyTotalScore = 123456,
-                    });
-                });
-            });
-
-            AddStep("Run background processor", () => Add(processor = new TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor()));
-            AddUntilStep("Wait for completion", () => processor.Completed);
-
-            AddAssert("Score not marked as failed", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.BackgroundReprocessingFailed), () => Is.False);
-            AddAssert("Score version not upgraded", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(scoreInfo.ID)!.TotalScoreVersion), () => Is.EqualTo(30000005));
-        }
-
         public partial class TestBackgroundDataStoreProcessor : BackgroundDataStoreProcessor
         {
             protected override int TimeToSleepDuringGameplay => 10;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/RulesetStoreTests.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/RulesetStoreTests.cs
index 8b4c6e2411..ddf207342a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Database/RulesetStoreTests.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Database/RulesetStoreTests.cs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                 Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
 
                 // Availability is updated on construction of a RealmRulesetStore
-                var _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+                _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
 
                 Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.False);
             });
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Database
                 Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
 
                 // Availability is updated on construction of a RealmRulesetStore
-                var _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+                _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
 
                 Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.False);
 
                 // Simulate the ruleset getting updated
                 LoadTestRuleset.Version = Ruleset.CURRENT_RULESET_API_VERSION;
-                var __ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
+                _ = new RealmRulesetStore(realm, storage);
 
                 Assert.That(realm.Run(r => r.Find<RulesetInfo>(rulesetShortName)!.Available), Is.True);
             });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneDrawableHitObject.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneDrawableHitObject.cs
index 10dbede2e0..22643feebb 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneDrawableHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneDrawableHitObject.cs
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
                 var hitObject = new HitObject { StartTime = Time.Current };
                 lifetimeEntry = new HitObjectLifetimeEntry(hitObject)
                 {
-                    Result = new JudgementResult(hitObject, hitObject.CreateJudgement())
+                    Result = new JudgementResult(hitObject, hitObject.Judgement)
                     {
                         Type = HitResult.Great
                     }
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
                     LifetimeStart = LIFETIME_ON_APPLY;
             }
 
-            public void MissForcefully() => ApplyResult(r => r.Type = HitResult.Miss);
+            public void MissForcefully() => ApplyResult(HitResult.Miss);
 
             protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneScoreProcessor.cs
index 1a644ad600..8ec18377f4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
             var scoreProcessor = new ScoreProcessor(new OsuRuleset());
             scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
 
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.LargeTickHit });
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], beatmap.HitObjects[2].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.SmallTickMiss });
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], beatmap.HitObjects[3].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.SmallBonus });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.LargeTickHit });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[2], beatmap.HitObjects[2].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.SmallTickMiss });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[3], beatmap.HitObjects[3].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.SmallBonus });
 
             var score = new ScoreInfo { Ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo };
             scoreProcessor.FailScore(score);
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.MinimumAccuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo(0));
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.MaximumAccuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
 
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.Ok });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.Great });
 
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo((double)(100 + 300) / (2 * 300)).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.MinimumAccuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo((double)(100 + 300) / (4 * 300)).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamples.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamples.cs
index 4fb9db845b..61161f3206 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamples.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Gameplay/TestSceneStoryboardSamples.cs
@@ -203,9 +203,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Gameplay
 
         public IRenderer Renderer => host.Renderer;
         public AudioManager AudioManager => Audio;
-        public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null;
+        public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null!;
         public new IResourceStore<byte[]> Resources => base.Resources;
-        public RealmAccess RealmAccess => null;
+        public RealmAccess RealmAccess => null!;
         public IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => null;
 
         #endregion
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
index 13da69871e..decb0a31ac 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Mods/ModUtilsTest.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
@@ -310,6 +312,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Mods
                 Assert.That(invalid?.Select(t => t.GetType()), Is.EquivalentTo(expectedInvalid));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestModBelongsToRuleset()
+        {
+            Assert.That(ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(new OsuRuleset(), Array.Empty<Mod>()));
+            Assert.That(ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(new OsuRuleset(), new Mod[] { new OsuModDoubleTime() }));
+            Assert.That(ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(new OsuRuleset(), new Mod[] { new OsuModDoubleTime(), new OsuModAccuracyChallenge() }));
+            Assert.That(ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(new OsuRuleset(), new Mod[] { new OsuModDoubleTime(), new ModAccuracyChallenge() }), Is.False);
+            Assert.That(ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(new OsuRuleset(), new Mod[] { new OsuModDoubleTime(), new TaikoModFlashlight() }), Is.False);
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestFormatScoreMultiplier()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterQueryParserTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterQueryParserTest.cs
index 739a72df08..12d6060351 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterQueryParserTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Filtering/FilterQueryParserTest.cs
@@ -274,10 +274,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Filtering
             Assert.IsTrue(filterCriteria.OnlineStatus.IsUpperInclusive);
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void TestApplyCreatorQueries()
+        [TestCase("creator")]
+        [TestCase("author")]
+        [TestCase("mapper")]
+        public void TestApplyCreatorQueries(string keyword)
         {
-            const string query = "beatmap specifically by creator=my_fav";
+            string query = $"beatmap specifically by {keyword}=my_fav";
             var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
             FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
             Assert.AreEqual("beatmap specifically by", filterCriteria.SearchText.Trim());
@@ -452,5 +454,111 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Filtering
                 return false;
             }
         }
+
+        private static readonly object[] correct_date_query_examples =
+        {
+            new object[] { "600" },
+            new object[] { "0.5s" },
+            new object[] { "120m" },
+            new object[] { "48h120s" },
+            new object[] { "10y24M" },
+            new object[] { "10y60d120s" },
+            new object[] { "0y0M2d" },
+            new object[] { "1y1M2d" }
+        };
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(correct_date_query_examples))]
+        public void TestValidDateQueries(string dateQuery)
+        {
+            string query = $"played<{dateQuery} time";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, filterCriteria.LastPlayed.HasFilter);
+        }
+
+        private static readonly object[] incorrect_date_query_examples =
+        {
+            new object[] { ".5s" },
+            new object[] { "7m27" },
+            new object[] { "7m7m7m" },
+            new object[] { "5s6m" },
+            new object[] { "7d7y" },
+            new object[] { "0:3:6" },
+            new object[] { "0:3:" },
+            new object[] { "\"three days\"" },
+            new object[] { "0.1y0.1M2d" },
+            new object[] { "0.99y0.99M2d" },
+            new object[] { string.Empty }
+        };
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(incorrect_date_query_examples))]
+        public void TestInvalidDateQueries(string dateQuery)
+        {
+            string query = $"played<{dateQuery} time";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, filterCriteria.LastPlayed.HasFilter);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGreaterDateQuery()
+        {
+            const string query = "played>50";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Max, Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min, Is.Null);
+            // the parser internally references `DateTimeOffset.Now`, so to not make things too annoying for tests, just assume some tolerance
+            // (irrelevant in proportion to the actual filter proscribed).
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Max, Is.EqualTo(DateTimeOffset.Now.AddDays(-50)).Within(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLowerDateQuery()
+        {
+            const string query = "played<50";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Max, Is.Null);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min, Is.Not.Null);
+            // the parser internally references `DateTimeOffset.Now`, so to not make things too annoying for tests, just assume some tolerance
+            // (irrelevant in proportion to the actual filter proscribed).
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min, Is.EqualTo(DateTimeOffset.Now.AddDays(-50)).Within(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestBothSidesDateQuery()
+        {
+            const string query = "played>3M played<1y6M";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min, Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Max, Is.Not.Null);
+            // the parser internally references `DateTimeOffset.Now`, so to not make things too annoying for tests, just assume some tolerance
+            // (irrelevant in proportion to the actual filter proscribed).
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min, Is.EqualTo(DateTimeOffset.Now.AddYears(-1).AddMonths(-6)).Within(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
+            Assert.That(filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Max, Is.EqualTo(DateTimeOffset.Now.AddMonths(-3)).Within(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualDateQuery()
+        {
+            const string query = "played=50";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, filterCriteria.LastPlayed.HasFilter);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOutOfRangeDateQuery()
+        {
+            const string query = "played<10000y";
+            var filterCriteria = new FilterCriteria();
+            FilterQueryParser.ApplyQueries(filterCriteria, query);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, filterCriteria.LastPlayed.HasFilter);
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeOffset.MinValue.AddMilliseconds(1), filterCriteria.LastPlayed.Min);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Skinning/LegacySkinTextureFallbackTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Skinning/LegacySkinTextureFallbackTest.cs
index ca0d4d3cf3..98cb66a234 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Skinning/LegacySkinTextureFallbackTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/Skinning/LegacySkinTextureFallbackTest.cs
@@ -56,24 +56,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Skinning
                 "Gameplay/osu/followpoint", 1
             },
             new object[]
-            {
-                new[] { "followpoint@2x", "followpoint" },
-                "Gameplay/osu/followpoint",
-                "followpoint@2x", 2
-            },
-            new object[]
-            {
-                new[] { "followpoint@2x" },
-                "Gameplay/osu/followpoint",
-                "followpoint@2x", 2
-            },
-            new object[]
-            {
-                new[] { "followpoint" },
-                "Gameplay/osu/followpoint",
-                "followpoint", 1
-            },
-            new object[]
             {
                 // Looking up a filename with extension specified should work.
                 new[] { "followpoint.png" },
@@ -127,8 +109,50 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Skinning
             Assert.IsNull(texture);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDisallowHighResolutionSprites()
+        {
+            var textureStore = new TestTextureStore("hitcircle", "hitcircle@2x");
+            var legacySkin = new TestLegacySkin(textureStore) { HighResolutionSprites = false };
+
+            var texture = legacySkin.GetTexture("hitcircle");
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(texture);
+            Assert.That(texture.ScaleAdjust, Is.EqualTo(1));
+
+            var twoTimesTexture = legacySkin.GetTexture("hitcircle@2x");
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(twoTimesTexture);
+            Assert.That(twoTimesTexture.ScaleAdjust, Is.EqualTo(1));
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(texture, twoTimesTexture);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAllowHighResolutionSprites()
+        {
+            var textureStore = new TestTextureStore("hitcircle", "hitcircle@2x");
+            var legacySkin = new TestLegacySkin(textureStore) { HighResolutionSprites = true };
+
+            var texture = legacySkin.GetTexture("hitcircle");
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(texture);
+            Assert.That(texture.ScaleAdjust, Is.EqualTo(2));
+
+            var twoTimesTexture = legacySkin.GetTexture("hitcircle@2x");
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(twoTimesTexture);
+            Assert.That(twoTimesTexture.ScaleAdjust, Is.EqualTo(2));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(texture, twoTimesTexture);
+        }
+
         private class TestLegacySkin : LegacySkin
         {
+            public bool HighResolutionSprites { get; set; } = true;
+
+            protected override bool AllowHighResolutionSprites => HighResolutionSprites;
+
             public TestLegacySkin(IResourceStore<TextureUpload> textureStore)
                 : base(new SkinInfo(), new TestResourceProvider(textureStore), null, string.Empty)
             {
@@ -145,9 +169,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual.Skinning
 
                 public IRenderer Renderer => new DummyRenderer();
                 public AudioManager AudioManager => null;
-                public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null;
-                public IResourceStore<byte[]> Resources => null;
-                public RealmAccess RealmAccess => null;
+                public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null!;
+                public IResourceStore<byte[]> Resources => null!;
+                public RealmAccess RealmAccess => null!;
                 public IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => textureStore;
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/TaskChainTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/TaskChainTest.cs
index ad1a3fd63f..2ac89efb69 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/TaskChainTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/NonVisual/TaskChainTest.cs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.NonVisual
             var task3 = addTask();
 
             // Cancel task2, allow task3 to complete.
-            task2.cancellation.Cancel();
+            await task2.cancellation.CancelAsync();
             task2.mutex.Set();
             task3.mutex.Set();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessorTest.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessorTest.cs
index 567bf6968f..1647fbee42 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessorTest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessorTest.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -18,10 +16,12 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
 {
     public partial class ScoreProcessorTest
     {
-        private ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor;
-        private IBeatmap beatmap;
+        private ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor = null!;
+        private IBeatmap beatmap = null!;
 
         [SetUp]
         public void SetUp()
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.SmallTickHit, HitResult.SmallTickHit, 493_652)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.LargeTickMiss, HitResult.LargeTickHit, 0)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.LargeTickHit, HitResult.LargeTickHit, 326_963)]
-        [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.SliderTailHit, 326_963)]
+        [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.SliderTailHit, 371_627)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.SmallBonus, HitResult.SmallBonus, 1_000_030)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Standardised, HitResult.LargeBonus, HitResult.LargeBonus, 1_000_150)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.Miss, HitResult.Great, 0)]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.SmallTickHit, HitResult.SmallTickHit, 49_365)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.LargeTickMiss, HitResult.LargeTickHit, 0)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.LargeTickHit, HitResult.LargeTickHit, 32_696)]
-        [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.SliderTailHit, 32_696)]
+        [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.SliderTailHit, 37_163)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.SmallBonus, HitResult.SmallBonus, 100_003)]
         [TestCase(ScoringMode.Classic, HitResult.LargeBonus, HitResult.LargeBonus, 100_015)]
         public void TestFourVariousResultsOneMiss(ScoringMode scoringMode, HitResult hitResult, HitResult maxResult, int expectedScore)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
 
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
             {
-                var judgementResult = new JudgementResult(fourObjectBeatmap.HitObjects[i], fourObjectBeatmap.HitObjects[i].CreateJudgement())
+                var judgementResult = new JudgementResult(fourObjectBeatmap.HitObjects[i], fourObjectBeatmap.HitObjects[i].Judgement)
                 {
                     Type = i == 2 ? minResult : hitResult
                 };
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
 
             for (int i = 0; i < object_count; ++i)
             {
-                var judgementResult = new JudgementResult(largeBeatmap.HitObjects[i], largeBeatmap.HitObjects[i].CreateJudgement())
+                var judgementResult = new JudgementResult(largeBeatmap.HitObjects[i], largeBeatmap.HitObjects[i].Judgement)
                 {
                     Type = HitResult.Great
                 };
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
         [TestCase(HitResult.Perfect, HitResult.Miss)]
         [TestCase(HitResult.SmallTickHit, HitResult.SmallTickMiss)]
         [TestCase(HitResult.LargeTickHit, HitResult.LargeTickMiss)]
-        [TestCase(HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.LargeTickMiss)]
+        [TestCase(HitResult.SliderTailHit, HitResult.IgnoreMiss)]
         [TestCase(HitResult.SmallBonus, HitResult.IgnoreMiss)]
         [TestCase(HitResult.LargeBonus, HitResult.IgnoreMiss)]
         public void TestMinResults(HitResult hitResult, HitResult expectedMinResult)
@@ -325,11 +325,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
             scoreProcessor = new TestScoreProcessor();
             scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(beatmap);
 
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.Great });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[0], beatmap.HitObjects[0].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.Great });
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Combo.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
 
-            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].CreateJudgement()) { Type = HitResult.ComboBreak });
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[1], beatmap.HitObjects[1].Judgement) { Type = HitResult.ComboBreak });
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Combo.Value, Is.EqualTo(0));
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value, Is.EqualTo(1));
         }
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
 
             for (int i = 0; i < beatmap.HitObjects.Count; i++)
             {
-                scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[i], beatmap.HitObjects[i].CreateJudgement())
+                scoreProcessor.ApplyResult(new JudgementResult(beatmap.HitObjects[i], beatmap.HitObjects[i].Judgement)
                 {
                     Type = i == 0 ? HitResult.Miss : HitResult.Great
                 });
@@ -385,6 +385,42 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
             Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value, Is.Not.EqualTo(1));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNormalGrades()
+        {
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(new Beatmap());
+
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.X));
+
+            scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value = 0.99f;
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.S));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSilverGrades()
+        {
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(new Beatmap());
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.X));
+
+            scoreProcessor.Mods.Value = new[] { new OsuModHidden() };
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.XH));
+
+            scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value = 0.99f;
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.SH));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSilverGradesModsAppliedFirst()
+        {
+            scoreProcessor.Mods.Value = new[] { new OsuModHidden() };
+            scoreProcessor.ApplyBeatmap(new Beatmap());
+
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.XH));
+
+            scoreProcessor.Accuracy.Value = 0.99f;
+            Assert.That(scoreProcessor.Rank.Value, Is.EqualTo(ScoreRank.SH));
+        }
+
         private class TestJudgement : Judgement
         {
             public override HitResult MaxResult { get; }
@@ -405,10 +441,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
             private readonly HitResult maxResult;
             private readonly HitResult? minResult;
 
-            public override Judgement CreateJudgement()
-            {
-                return new TestJudgement(maxResult, minResult);
-            }
+            public override Judgement CreateJudgement() => new TestJudgement(maxResult, minResult);
 
             public TestHitObject(HitResult maxResult, HitResult? minResult = null)
             {
@@ -438,7 +471,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets.Scoring
 
                 public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type) => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
-                public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+                public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod>? mods = null) => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
                 public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneBrokenRulesetHandling.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneBrokenRulesetHandling.cs
index dac6beea65..b378704e80 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneBrokenRulesetHandling.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneBrokenRulesetHandling.cs
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets
 
             public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type) => new Mod[] { null };
 
-            public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => null;
-            public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => null;
-            public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => null;
+            public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => null!;
+            public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => null!;
+            public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => null!;
         }
 
         private class TestAPIIncompatibleRuleset : Ruleset
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets
             // simulate API incompatibility by throwing similar exceptions.
             public override IEnumerable<Mod> GetModsFor(ModType type) => throw new MissingMethodException();
 
-            public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => null;
-            public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => null;
-            public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => null;
+            public override DrawableRuleset CreateDrawableRulesetWith(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods = null) => null!;
+            public override IBeatmapConverter CreateBeatmapConverter(IBeatmap beatmap) => null!;
+            public override DifficultyCalculator CreateDifficultyCalculator(IWorkingBeatmap beatmap) => null!;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneRulesetSkinProvidingContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneRulesetSkinProvidingContainer.cs
index 11f3fe660d..b089144233 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneRulesetSkinProvidingContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Rulesets/TestSceneRulesetSkinProvidingContainer.cs
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Rulesets
 
             AddStep("setup provider", () =>
             {
-                var rulesetSkinProvider = new RulesetSkinProvidingContainer(Ruleset.Value.CreateInstance(), Beatmap.Value.Beatmap, Beatmap.Value.Skin);
-
-                rulesetSkinProvider.Add(requester = new SkinRequester());
-
+                requester = new SkinRequester();
                 requester.OnLoadAsync += () => textureOnLoad = requester.GetTexture("test-image");
 
-                Child = rulesetSkinProvider;
+                Child = new RulesetSkinProvidingContainer(Ruleset.Value.CreateInstance(), Beatmap.Value.Beatmap, Beatmap.Value.Skin)
+                {
+                    Child = requester
+                };
             });
 
             AddAssert("requester got correct initial texture", () => textureOnLoad != null);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesBackground.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesBackground.cs
index 378dd99664..dd4c372193 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesBackground.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesBackground.cs
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
                     ColourDark = Color4.Gray,
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Size = new Vector2(0.9f)
+                    Size = new Vector2(0.9f),
+                    ClampAxes = Axes.None
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -40,7 +41,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
 
             AddSliderStep("Triangle scale", 0f, 10f, 1f, s => triangles.TriangleScale = s);
             AddSliderStep("Seed", 0, 1000, 0, s => triangles.Reset(s));
-            AddToggleStep("Masking", m => triangles.Masking = m);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes X", () => triangles.ClampAxes = Axes.X);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes Y", () => triangles.ClampAxes = Axes.Y);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes Both", () => triangles.ClampAxes = Axes.Both);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes None", () => triangles.ClampAxes = Axes.None);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesV2Background.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesV2Background.cs
index 01a2464b8e..4713852c0b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesV2Background.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Background/TestSceneTrianglesV2Background.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
                                 {
                                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    ClampAxes = Axes.None
                                 }
                             }
                         },
@@ -128,7 +129,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Background
             AddStep("White colour", () => box.Colour = triangles.Colour = maskedTriangles.Colour = Color4.White);
             AddStep("Vertical gradient", () => box.Colour = triangles.Colour = maskedTriangles.Colour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(Color4.White, Color4.Red));
             AddStep("Horizontal gradient", () => box.Colour = triangles.Colour = maskedTriangles.Colour = ColourInfo.GradientHorizontal(Color4.White, Color4.Red));
-            AddToggleStep("Masking", m => maskedTriangles.Masking = m);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes X", () => maskedTriangles.ClampAxes = Axes.X);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes Y", () => maskedTriangles.ClampAxes = Axes.Y);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes Both", () => maskedTriangles.ClampAxes = Axes.Both);
+            AddStep("ClampAxes None", () => maskedTriangles.ClampAxes = Axes.None);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBeatDivisorControl.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBeatDivisorControl.cs
index f2b3351533..6c36e6729e 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBeatDivisorControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneBeatDivisorControl.cs
@@ -210,6 +210,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
             switchPresets(-1);
             assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Custom, 15);
             assertBeatSnap(15);
+
+            setDivisorViaInput(24);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Custom, 24);
+            switchPresets(1);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Common);
+            switchPresets(-2);
+            assertPreset(BeatDivisorType.Triplets);
         }
 
         private void switchBeatSnap(int direction) => AddRepeatStep($"move snap {(direction > 0 ? "forward" : "backward")}", () =>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneEditorTestGameplay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneEditorTestGameplay.cs
index bbd7123f20..ca5e89c8ed 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneEditorTestGameplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneEditorTestGameplay.cs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
 
             AddStep("dismiss prompt", () =>
             {
-                var button = DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog.Buttons.Last();
+                var button = DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog!.Buttons.Last();
                 InputManager.MoveMouseTo(button);
                 InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
             });
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
             });
             AddUntilStep("save prompt shown", () => DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog is SaveRequiredPopupDialog);
 
-            AddStep("save changes", () => DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog.PerformOkAction());
+            AddStep("save changes", () => DialogOverlay.CurrentDialog!.PerformOkAction());
 
             EditorPlayer editorPlayer = null;
             AddUntilStep("player pushed", () => (editorPlayer = Stack.CurrentScreen as EditorPlayer) != null);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneTimingScreen.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneTimingScreen.cs
index 40aadc8164..6181024230 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneTimingScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Editing/TestSceneTimingScreen.cs
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -177,6 +179,43 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Editing
             AddUntilStep("Scrolled to end", () => timingScreen.ChildrenOfType<OsuScrollContainer>().First().IsScrolledToEnd());
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEditThenClickAwayAppliesChanges()
+        {
+            AddStep("Add two control points", () =>
+            {
+                editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Clear();
+                editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(1000, new TimingControlPoint());
+                editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(2000, new TimingControlPoint());
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select second timing point", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(Child.ChildrenOfType<TimingRowAttribute>().Last());
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Scroll to end", () => timingScreen.ChildrenOfType<ControlPointSettings>().Single().ChildrenOfType<OsuScrollContainer>().Single().ScrollToEnd(false));
+            AddStep("Modify time signature", () =>
+            {
+                var timeSignatureTextBox = Child.ChildrenOfType<LabelledTimeSignature.TimeSignatureBox>().Single().ChildrenOfType<TextBox>().Single();
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(timeSignatureTextBox);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+
+                Debug.Assert(!timeSignatureTextBox.Current.Value.Equals("1", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+                timeSignatureTextBox.Current.Value = "1";
+            });
+
+            AddStep("Select first timing point", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(Child.ChildrenOfType<TimingRowAttribute>().First());
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            AddAssert("Second timing point changed time signature", () => editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.TimingPoints.Last().TimeSignature.Numerator == 1);
+            AddAssert("First timing point preserved time signature", () => editorBeatmap.ControlPointInfo.TimingPoints.First().TimeSignature.Numerator == 4);
+        }
+
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
         {
             Beatmap.Disabled = false;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneAutoplay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneAutoplay.cs
index 3ac4d25028..636cd78d9c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneAutoplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneAutoplay.cs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             seekTo(referenceBeatmap.HitObjects[^1].GetEndTime());
             AddUntilStep("results displayed", () => getResultsScreen()?.IsLoaded == true);
 
-            AddAssert("score has combo", () => getResultsScreen().Score.Combo > 100);
-            AddAssert("score has no misses", () => getResultsScreen().Score.Statistics[HitResult.Miss] == 0);
+            AddAssert("score has combo", () => getResultsScreen().Score!.Combo > 100);
+            AddAssert("score has no misses", () => getResultsScreen().Score!.Statistics[HitResult.Miss] == 0);
 
             AddUntilStep("avatar displayed", () => getAvatar() != null);
             AddAssert("avatar not clickable", () => getAvatar().ChildrenOfType<OsuClickableContainer>().First().Action == null);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFrameStabilityContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFrameStabilityContainer.cs
index 534348bed3..98a97e1d23 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFrameStabilityContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneFrameStabilityContainer.cs
@@ -129,10 +129,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             checkRate(1);
         }
 
-        private const int max_frames_catchup = 50;
-
         private void createStabilityContainer(double gameplayStartTime = double.MinValue) => AddStep("create container", () =>
-            mainContainer.Child = new FrameStabilityContainer(gameplayStartTime) { MaxCatchUpFrames = max_frames_catchup }
+            mainContainer.Child = new FrameStabilityContainer(gameplayStartTime)
                 .WithChild(consumer = new ClockConsumingChild()));
 
         private void seekManualTo(double time) => AddStep($"seek manual clock to {time}", () => manualClock.CurrentTime = time);
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneJudgementCounter.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneJudgementCounter.cs
index dae6dc7b4b..894f08e5b2 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneJudgementCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneJudgementCounter.cs
@@ -147,6 +147,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             AddAssert("Assert max judgement hidden", () => counterDisplay.CounterFlow.ChildrenOfType<JudgementCounter>().First().Alpha == 0);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoDuplicates()
+        {
+            AddStep("create counter", () => Child = counterDisplay = new TestJudgementCounterDisplay());
+            AddStep("Show all judgements", () => counterDisplay.Mode.Value = JudgementCounterDisplay.DisplayMode.All);
+            AddAssert("Check no duplicates",
+                () => counterDisplay.CounterFlow.ChildrenOfType<JudgementCounter>().Count(),
+                () => Is.EqualTo(counterDisplay.CounterFlow.ChildrenOfType<JudgementCounter>().Select(c => c.ResultName.Text).Distinct().Count()));
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestCycleDisplayModes()
         {
@@ -163,7 +173,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
         private int hiddenCount()
         {
-            var num = counterDisplay.CounterFlow.Children.First(child => child.Result.Type == HitResult.LargeTickHit);
+            var num = counterDisplay.CounterFlow.Children.First(child => child.Result.Types.Contains(HitResult.LargeTickHit));
             return num.Result.ResultCount.Value;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePause.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePause.cs
index ec3b3e0822..73aa3be73d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePause.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePause.cs
@@ -93,15 +93,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
                     double currentTime = masterClock.CurrentTime;
 
-                    bool goingForward = currentTime >= (masterClock.LastStopTime ?? lastStopTime);
+                    bool goingForward = currentTime >= lastStopTime;
 
                     alwaysGoingForward &= goingForward;
 
                     if (!goingForward)
                         Logger.Log($"Went too far backwards (last stop: {lastStopTime:N1} current: {currentTime:N1})");
-
-                    if (masterClock.LastStopTime != null)
-                        lastStopTime = masterClock.LastStopTime.Value;
                 };
             });
 
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
             resumeAndConfirm();
 
-            AddAssert("Resumed without seeking forward", () => Player.LastResumeTime, () => Is.LessThanOrEqualTo(Player.LastPauseTime));
+            AddAssert("continued playing forward", () => Player.LastResumeTime, () => Is.GreaterThanOrEqualTo(Player.LastPauseTime));
 
             AddUntilStep("player playing", () => Player.LocalUserPlaying.Value);
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLoader.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLoader.cs
index dbd1ce1f6e..c6827d4197 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLoader.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLoader.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
@@ -265,15 +264,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         }
 
         [Test]
-        public void TestMutedNotificationMasterVolume()
+        public void TestMutedNotificationLowMusicVolume()
         {
-            addVolumeSteps("master volume", () => audioManager.Volume.Value = 0, () => audioManager.Volume.Value == 0.5);
+            addVolumeSteps("master and music volumes", () =>
+            {
+                audioManager.Volume.Value = 0.6;
+                audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0.01;
+            }, () => Precision.AlmostEquals(audioManager.Volume.Value, 0.6) && Precision.AlmostEquals(audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value, 0.5));
         }
 
         [Test]
-        public void TestMutedNotificationTrackVolume()
+        public void TestMutedNotificationLowMasterVolume()
         {
-            addVolumeSteps("music volume", () => audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0, () => audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value == 0.5);
+            addVolumeSteps("master and music volumes", () =>
+            {
+                audioManager.Volume.Value = 0.01;
+                audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0.6;
+            }, () => Precision.AlmostEquals(audioManager.Volume.Value, 0.5) && Precision.AlmostEquals(audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value, 0.6));
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -282,9 +289,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             addVolumeSteps("mute button", () =>
             {
                 // Importantly, in the case the volume is muted but the user has a volume level set, it should be retained.
-                audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0.5f;
+                audioManager.Volume.Value = 0.5;
+                audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0.5;
                 volumeOverlay.IsMuted.Value = true;
-            }, () => !volumeOverlay.IsMuted.Value && audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value == 0.5f);
+            }, () => !volumeOverlay.IsMuted.Value && audioManager.Volume.Value == 0.5 && audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value == 0.5);
         }
 
         /// <remarks>
@@ -487,13 +495,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             }
         }
 
-        private class TestMod : Mod, IApplicableToScoreProcessor
+        private class TestMod : OsuModDoubleTime, IApplicableToScoreProcessor
         {
-            public override string Name => string.Empty;
-            public override string Acronym => string.Empty;
-            public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
-            public override LocalisableString Description => string.Empty;
-
             public bool Applied { get; private set; }
 
             public void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLocalScoreImport.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLocalScoreImport.cs
index fafd1330cc..1660f93384 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLocalScoreImport.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerLocalScoreImport.cs
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             AddUntilStep("results displayed", () => Player.GetChildScreen() is ResultsScreen);
 
             // Player creates new instance of mods after gameplay to ensure any runtime references to drawables etc. are not retained.
-            AddAssert("results screen score has copied mods", () => (Player.GetChildScreen() as ResultsScreen)?.Score.Mods.First(), () => Is.Not.SameAs(playerMods.First()));
-            AddAssert("results screen score has matching", () => (Player.GetChildScreen() as ResultsScreen)?.Score.Mods.First(), () => Is.EqualTo(playerMods.First()));
+            AddAssert("results screen score has copied mods", () => (Player.GetChildScreen() as ResultsScreen)?.Score?.Mods.First(), () => Is.Not.SameAs(playerMods.First()));
+            AddAssert("results screen score has matching", () => (Player.GetChildScreen() as ResultsScreen)?.Score?.Mods.First(), () => Is.EqualTo(playerMods.First()));
 
             AddUntilStep("score in database", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(Player.Score.ScoreInfo.ID) != null));
             AddUntilStep("databased score has correct mods", () => Realm.Run(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(Player.Score.ScoreInfo.ID))!.Mods.First(), () => Is.EqualTo(playerMods.First()));
@@ -184,7 +184,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             CreateTest();
 
             AddUntilStep("wait for track to start running", () => Beatmap.Value.Track.IsRunning);
-            AddStep("log back in", () => API.Login("username", "password"));
+            AddStep("log back in", () =>
+            {
+                API.Login("username", "password");
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
 
             AddStep("seek to completion", () => Player.GameplayClockContainer.Seek(Player.DrawableRuleset.Objects.Last().GetEndTime()));
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerScoreSubmission.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerScoreSubmission.cs
index f75a2656ef..5e22e47572 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerScoreSubmission.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePlayerScoreSubmission.cs
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
 using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Beatmaps;
 
@@ -34,12 +37,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
 
         private Func<RulesetInfo, IBeatmap> createCustomBeatmap;
         private Func<Ruleset> createCustomRuleset;
+        private Func<Mod[]> createCustomMods;
 
         private DummyAPIAccess dummyAPI => (DummyAPIAccess)API;
 
         protected override bool HasCustomSteps => true;
 
-        protected override TestPlayer CreatePlayer(Ruleset ruleset) => new FakeImportingPlayer(false);
+        protected override TestPlayer CreatePlayer(Ruleset ruleset)
+        {
+            if (createCustomMods != null)
+                SelectedMods.Value = SelectedMods.Value.Concat(createCustomMods()).ToList();
+
+            return new FakeImportingPlayer(false);
+        }
 
         protected new FakeImportingPlayer Player => (FakeImportingPlayer)base.Player;
 
@@ -277,13 +287,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             AddAssert("ensure no submission", () => Player.SubmittedScore == null);
         }
 
-        private void createPlayerTest(bool allowFail = false, Func<RulesetInfo, IBeatmap> createBeatmap = null, Func<Ruleset> createRuleset = null)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoSubmissionWithModsOfDifferentRuleset()
+        {
+            prepareTestAPI(true);
+
+            createPlayerTest(createRuleset: () => new OsuRuleset(), createMods: () => new Mod[] { new TaikoModHidden() });
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for token request", () => Player.TokenCreationRequested);
+            AddAssert("gameplay not loaded", () => Player.DrawableRuleset == null);
+
+            AddStep("exit", () => Player.Exit());
+            AddAssert("ensure no submission", () => Player.SubmittedScore == null);
+        }
+
+        private void createPlayerTest(bool allowFail = false, Func<RulesetInfo, IBeatmap> createBeatmap = null, Func<Ruleset> createRuleset = null, Func<Mod[]> createMods = null)
         {
             CreateTest(() => AddStep("set up requirements", () =>
             {
                 this.allowFail = allowFail;
                 createCustomBeatmap = createBeatmap;
                 createCustomRuleset = createRuleset;
+                createCustomMods = createMods;
             }));
         }
 
@@ -359,6 +384,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
                 AllowImportCompletion = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
             }
 
+            protected override GameplayClockContainer CreateGameplayClockContainer(WorkingBeatmap beatmap, double gameplayStart) => new MasterGameplayClockContainer(beatmap, gameplayStart)
+            {
+                ShouldValidatePlaybackRate = false,
+            };
+
             protected override async Task ImportScore(Score score)
             {
                 ScoreImportStarted = true;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePoolingRuleset.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePoolingRuleset.cs
index fea7456472..b567e8de8d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePoolingRuleset.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestScenePoolingRuleset.cs
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             protected override void CheckForResult(bool userTriggered, double timeOffset)
             {
                 if (timeOffset > HitObject.Duration)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
             }
 
             protected override void UpdateHitStateTransforms(ArmedState state)
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             public override void OnKilled()
             {
                 base.OnKilled();
-                ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+                ApplyMinResult();
             }
         }
 
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             {
                 base.CheckForResult(userTriggered, timeOffset);
                 if (timeOffset >= 0)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
             }
         }
 
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             {
                 base.CheckForResult(userTriggered, timeOffset);
                 if (timeOffset >= 0)
-                    ApplyResult(r => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+                    ApplyMaxResult();
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneReplayRecorder.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneReplayRecorder.cs
index c51883b221..a7ab021884 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneReplayRecorder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneReplayRecorder.cs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
-            playbackManager?.ReplayInputHandler.SetFrameFromTime(Time.Current - 100);
+            playbackManager?.ReplayInputHandler?.SetFrameFromTime(Time.Current - 100);
         }
 
         [TearDownSteps]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSongProgress.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSongProgress.cs
index e975a85401..99f0ffb9d0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSongProgress.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSongProgress.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
                 {
                     Child = frameStabilityContainer = new FrameStabilityContainer
                     {
-                        MaxCatchUpFrames = 1
+                        Child = new FakeLoad()
                     }
                 }
             });
@@ -56,6 +57,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             Dependencies.CacheAs<IFrameStableClock>(frameStabilityContainer);
         }
 
+        private partial class FakeLoad : Drawable
+        {
+            protected override void Update()
+            {
+                base.Update();
+                Thread.Sleep(1);
+            }
+        }
+
         [SetUpSteps]
         public void SetupSteps()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSpectatorPlayback.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSpectatorPlayback.cs
index 3a5b3864af..dd5bbf70b4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSpectatorPlayback.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneSpectatorPlayback.cs
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
             foreach (var legacyFrame in frames.Frames)
             {
                 var frame = new TestReplayFrame();
-                frame.FromLegacy(legacyFrame, null);
+                frame.FromLegacy(legacyFrame, null!);
                 playbackReplay.Frames.Add(frame);
             }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStarCounter.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStarCounter.cs
index b002e90bb0..fa17b77b55 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStarCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Gameplay/TestSceneStarCounter.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
@@ -14,39 +15,47 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Gameplay
     public partial class TestSceneStarCounter : OsuTestScene
     {
         private readonly StarCounter starCounter;
+        private readonly StarCounter twentyStarCounter;
         private readonly OsuSpriteText starsLabel;
 
         public TestSceneStarCounter()
         {
-            starCounter = new StarCounter
+            Add(new FillFlowContainer
             {
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-            };
-
-            Add(starCounter);
-
-            starsLabel = new OsuSpriteText
-            {
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Scale = new Vector2(2),
-                Y = 50,
-            };
-
-            Add(starsLabel);
+                Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                Spacing = new Vector2(20),
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    starCounter = new StarCounter(),
+                    twentyStarCounter = new StarCounter(20),
+                    starsLabel = new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                        Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                        Scale = new Vector2(2),
+                    },
+                }
+            });
 
             setStars(5);
 
-            AddRepeatStep("random value", () => setStars(RNG.NextSingle() * (starCounter.StarCount + 1)), 10);
-            AddSliderStep("exact value", 0f, 10f, 5f, setStars);
-            AddStep("stop animation", () => starCounter.StopAnimation());
+            AddRepeatStep("random value", () => setStars(RNG.NextSingle() * (twentyStarCounter.StarCount + 1)), 10);
+            AddSliderStep("exact value", 0f, 20f, 5f, setStars);
+            AddStep("stop animation", () =>
+            {
+                starCounter.StopAnimation();
+                twentyStarCounter.StopAnimation();
+            });
             AddStep("reset", () => setStars(0));
         }
 
         private void setStars(float stars)
         {
             starCounter.Current = stars;
+            twentyStarCounter.Current = stars;
             starsLabel.Text = starCounter.Current.ToString("0.00");
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneLoginOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneLoginOverlay.cs
index 0bc71924ce..5fc075ed99 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneLoginOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneLoginOverlay.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Login;
 using osu.Game.Users.Drawables;
 using osuTK.Input;
 
@@ -18,6 +21,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
     [TestFixture]
     public partial class TestSceneLoginOverlay : OsuManualInputManagerTestScene
     {
+        private DummyAPIAccess dummyAPI => (DummyAPIAccess)API;
+
         private LoginOverlay loginOverlay = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -40,9 +45,69 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
         public void TestLoginSuccess()
         {
             AddStep("logout", () => API.Logout());
+            assertAPIState(APIState.Offline);
 
             AddStep("enter password", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuPasswordTextBox>().First().Text = "password");
             AddStep("submit", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuButton>().First(b => b.Text.ToString() == "Sign in").TriggerClick());
+
+            assertAPIState(APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for second factor auth form", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SecondFactorAuthForm>().SingleOrDefault(), () => Is.Not.Null);
+
+            AddStep("set up verification handling", () => dummyAPI.HandleRequest = req =>
+            {
+                switch (req)
+                {
+                    case VerifySessionRequest verifySessionRequest:
+                        if (verifySessionRequest.VerificationKey == "88800088")
+                            verifySessionRequest.TriggerSuccess();
+                        else
+                            verifySessionRequest.TriggerFailure(new WebException());
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            });
+            AddStep("enter code", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().First().Text = "88800088");
+            assertAPIState(APIState.Online);
+            AddStep("clear handler", () => dummyAPI.HandleRequest = null);
+        }
+
+        private void assertAPIState(APIState expected) =>
+            AddUntilStep($"login state is {expected}", () => API.State.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(expected));
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestVerificationFailure()
+        {
+            bool verificationHandled = false;
+            AddStep("reset flag", () => verificationHandled = false);
+            AddStep("logout", () => API.Logout());
+            assertAPIState(APIState.Offline);
+
+            AddStep("enter password", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuPasswordTextBox>().First().Text = "password");
+            AddStep("submit", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuButton>().First(b => b.Text.ToString() == "Sign in").TriggerClick());
+
+            assertAPIState(APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for second factor auth form", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SecondFactorAuthForm>().SingleOrDefault(), () => Is.Not.Null);
+
+            AddStep("set up verification handling", () => dummyAPI.HandleRequest = req =>
+            {
+                switch (req)
+                {
+                    case VerifySessionRequest verifySessionRequest:
+                        if (verifySessionRequest.VerificationKey == "88800088")
+                            verifySessionRequest.TriggerSuccess();
+                        else
+                            verifySessionRequest.TriggerFailure(new WebException());
+                        verificationHandled = true;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            });
+            AddStep("enter code", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().First().Text = "abcdefgh");
+            AddUntilStep("wait for verification handled", () => verificationHandled);
+            assertAPIState(APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth);
+            AddStep("clear handler", () => dummyAPI.HandleRequest = null);
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -78,6 +143,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
             AddStep("enter password", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuPasswordTextBox>().First().Text = "password");
             AddStep("submit", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuButton>().First(b => b.Text.ToString() == "Sign in").TriggerClick());
 
+            assertAPIState(APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for second factor auth form", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SecondFactorAuthForm>().SingleOrDefault(), () => Is.Not.Null);
+
+            AddStep("enter code", () => loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().First().Text = "88800088");
+            assertAPIState(APIState.Online);
+
             AddStep("click on flag", () =>
             {
                 InputManager.MoveMouseTo(loginOverlay.ChildrenOfType<UpdateableFlag>().First());
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbar.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbar.cs
index ce9f80a84f..12d7dde11b 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbar.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbar.cs
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
             {
             }
 
-            public virtual IBindable<int> UnreadCount => null;
+            public virtual IBindable<int> UnreadCount { get; } = new Bindable<int>();
 
             public IEnumerable<Notification> AllNotifications => Enumerable.Empty<Notification>();
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbarUserButton.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbarUserButton.cs
index 2bdfc8959d..69fedf4a3a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbarUserButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Menus/TestSceneToolbarUserButton.cs
@@ -2,12 +2,17 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar;
+using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Users;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
@@ -16,6 +21,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
     [TestFixture]
     public partial class TestSceneToolbarUserButton : OsuManualInputManagerTestScene
     {
+        private DummyAPIAccess dummyAPI => (DummyAPIAccess)API;
+
         public TestSceneToolbarUserButton()
         {
             Container mainContainer;
@@ -69,19 +76,107 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Menus
         [Test]
         public void TestLoginLogout()
         {
-            AddStep("Log out", () => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).Logout());
-            AddStep("Log in", () => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).Login("wang", "jang"));
+            AddStep("Log out", () => dummyAPI.Logout());
+            AddStep("Log in", () => dummyAPI.Login("wang", "jang"));
+            AddStep("Authenticate via second factor", () => dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh"));
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestStates()
         {
-            AddStep("Log in", () => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).Login("wang", "jang"));
+            AddStep("Log in", () => dummyAPI.Login("wang", "jang"));
+            AddStep("Authenticate via second factor", () => dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh"));
 
             foreach (var state in Enum.GetValues<APIState>())
             {
-                AddStep($"Change state to {state}", () => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).SetState(state));
+                AddStep($"Change state to {state}", () => dummyAPI.SetState(state));
             }
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTransientUserStatisticsDisplay()
+        {
+            AddStep("Log in", () => dummyAPI.Login("wang", "jang"));
+            AddStep("Gain", () =>
+            {
+                var transientUpdateDisplay = this.ChildrenOfType<TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay>().Single();
+                transientUpdateDisplay.LatestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(
+                    new ScoreInfo(),
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 123_456,
+                        PP = 1234
+                    },
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    });
+            });
+            AddStep("Loss", () =>
+            {
+                var transientUpdateDisplay = this.ChildrenOfType<TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay>().Single();
+                transientUpdateDisplay.LatestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(
+                    new ScoreInfo(),
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    },
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 123_456,
+                        PP = 1234
+                    });
+            });
+            AddStep("No change", () =>
+            {
+                var transientUpdateDisplay = this.ChildrenOfType<TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay>().Single();
+                transientUpdateDisplay.LatestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(
+                    new ScoreInfo(),
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    },
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    });
+            });
+            AddStep("Was null", () =>
+            {
+                var transientUpdateDisplay = this.ChildrenOfType<TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay>().Single();
+                transientUpdateDisplay.LatestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(
+                    new ScoreInfo(),
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = null,
+                        PP = null
+                    },
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    });
+            });
+            AddStep("Became null", () =>
+            {
+                var transientUpdateDisplay = this.ChildrenOfType<TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay>().Single();
+                transientUpdateDisplay.LatestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(
+                    new ScoreInfo(),
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = 111_111,
+                        PP = 1357
+                    },
+                    new UserStatistics
+                    {
+                        GlobalRank = null,
+                        PP = null
+                    });
+            });
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Mods/TestSceneModAccuracyChallenge.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Mods/TestSceneModAccuracyChallenge.cs
index 6bdb9132e1..c5e56c6453 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Mods/TestSceneModAccuracyChallenge.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Mods/TestSceneModAccuracyChallenge.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Mods
         public void TestMaximumAchievableAccuracy() =>
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
-                Mod = new ModAccuracyChallenge
+                Mod = new OsuModAccuracyChallenge
                 {
                     MinimumAccuracy = { Value = 0.6 }
                 },
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Mods
         public void TestStandardAccuracy() =>
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
-                Mod = new ModAccuracyChallenge
+                Mod = new OsuModAccuracyChallenge
                 {
                     MinimumAccuracy = { Value = 0.6 },
                     AccuracyJudgeMode = { Value = ModAccuracyChallenge.AccuracyMode.Standard }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneDrawableRoomPlaylist.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneDrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
index 312135402f..6446ebd35f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneDrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneDrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Models;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
@@ -302,6 +304,37 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             });
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectableMouseHandling()
+        {
+            bool resultsRequested = false;
+
+            AddStep("reset flag", () => resultsRequested = false);
+            createPlaylist(p =>
+            {
+                p.AllowSelection = true;
+                p.AllowShowingResults = true;
+                p.RequestResults = _ => resultsRequested = true;
+            });
+
+            AddStep("move mouse to first item title", () =>
+            {
+                var drawQuad = playlist.ChildrenOfType<LinkFlowContainer>().First().ScreenSpaceDrawQuad;
+                var location = (drawQuad.TopLeft + drawQuad.BottomLeft) / 2 + new Vector2(drawQuad.Width * 0.2f, 0);
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(location);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("wait for text load", () => playlist.ChildrenOfType<DrawableLinkCompiler>().Any());
+            AddAssert("first item title not hovered", () => playlist.ChildrenOfType<DrawableLinkCompiler>().First().IsHovered, () => Is.False);
+            AddStep("click left mouse", () => InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left));
+            AddUntilStep("first item selected", () => playlist.ChildrenOfType<DrawableRoomPlaylistItem>().First().IsSelectedItem, () => Is.True);
+            // implies being clickable.
+            AddUntilStep("first item title hovered", () => playlist.ChildrenOfType<DrawableLinkCompiler>().First().IsHovered, () => Is.True);
+
+            AddStep("move mouse to second item results button", () => InputManager.MoveMouseTo(playlist.ChildrenOfType<GrayButton>().ElementAt(5)));
+            AddStep("click left mouse", () => InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left));
+            AddUntilStep("results requested", () => resultsRequested);
+        }
+
         private void moveToItem(int index, Vector2? offset = null)
             => AddStep($"move mouse to item {index}", () => InputManager.MoveMouseTo(playlist.ChildrenOfType<DrawableRoomPlaylistItem>().ElementAt(index), offset));
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
index f1674401cd..a4feffddfb 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay.cs
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK.Input;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
     public partial class TestSceneFreeModSelectOverlay : MultiplayerTestScene
     {
         private FreeModSelectOverlay freeModSelectOverlay;
+        private FooterButtonFreeMods footerButtonFreeMods;
         private readonly Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>> availableMods = new Bindable<Dictionary<ModType, IReadOnlyList<Mod>>>();
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -119,11 +122,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             AddAssert("select all button enabled", () => this.ChildrenOfType<SelectAllModsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSelectAllViaFooterButtonThenDeselectFromOverlay()
+        {
+            createFreeModSelect();
+
+            AddAssert("overlay select all button enabled", () => freeModSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SelectAllModsButton>().Single().Enabled.Value);
+            AddAssert("footer button displays off", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "off"));
+
+            AddStep("click footer select all button", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(footerButtonFreeMods);
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("all mods selected", assertAllAvailableModsSelected);
+            AddAssert("footer button displays all", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "all"));
+
+            AddStep("click deselect all button", () =>
+            {
+                InputManager.MoveMouseTo(this.ChildrenOfType<DeselectAllModsButton>().Single());
+                InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("all mods deselected", () => !freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.Any());
+            AddAssert("footer button displays off", () => footerButtonFreeMods.ChildrenOfType<IHasText>().Any(t => t.Text == "off"));
+        }
+
         private void createFreeModSelect()
         {
-            AddStep("create free mod select screen", () => Child = freeModSelectOverlay = new FreeModSelectOverlay
+            AddStep("create free mod select screen", () => Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                State = { Value = Visibility.Visible }
+                freeModSelectOverlay = new FreeModSelectOverlay
+                {
+                    State = { Value = Visibility.Visible }
+                },
+                footerButtonFreeMods = new FooterButtonFreeMods(freeModSelectOverlay)
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.BottomRight,
+                    Origin = Anchor.BottomRight,
+                    Current = { BindTarget = freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods },
+                },
             });
             AddUntilStep("all column content loaded",
                 () => freeModSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ModColumn>().Any()
@@ -134,10 +172,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
         {
             var allAvailableMods = availableMods.Value
                                                 .Where(pair => pair.Key != ModType.System)
-                                                .SelectMany(pair => pair.Value)
+                                                .SelectMany(pair => ModUtils.FlattenMods(pair.Value))
                                                 .Where(mod => mod.UserPlayable && mod.HasImplementation)
                                                 .ToList();
 
+            if (freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.Count != allAvailableMods.Count)
+                return false;
+
             foreach (var availableMod in allAvailableMods)
             {
                 if (freeModSelectOverlay.SelectedMods.Value.All(selectedMod => selectedMod.GetType() != availableMod.GetType()))
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneLoungeRoomsContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneLoungeRoomsContainer.cs
index d99d764449..0883c626fe 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneLoungeRoomsContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneLoungeRoomsContainer.cs
@@ -58,12 +58,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
                                                               .SkipWhile(r => r.Room.Category.Value == RoomCategory.Spotlight)
                                                               .All(r => r.Room.Category.Value == RoomCategory.Normal));
 
-            AddStep("remove first room", () => RoomManager.RemoveRoom(RoomManager.Rooms.FirstOrDefault(r => r.RoomID.Value == 0)));
+            AddStep("remove first room", () => RoomManager.RemoveRoom(RoomManager.Rooms.First(r => r.RoomID.Value == 0)));
             AddAssert("has 4 rooms", () => container.Rooms.Count == 4);
             AddAssert("first room removed", () => container.Rooms.All(r => r.Room.RoomID.Value != 0));
 
             AddStep("select first room", () => container.Rooms.First().TriggerClick());
             AddAssert("first spotlight selected", () => checkRoomSelected(RoomManager.Rooms.First(r => r.Category.Value == RoomCategory.Spotlight)));
+
+            AddStep("remove last room", () => RoomManager.RemoveRoom(RoomManager.Rooms.MinBy(r => r.RoomID?.Value)));
+            AddAssert("first spotlight still selected", () => checkRoomSelected(RoomManager.Rooms.First(r => r.Category.Value == RoomCategory.Spotlight)));
+
+            AddStep("remove spotlight room", () => RoomManager.RemoveRoom(RoomManager.Rooms.Single(r => r.Category.Value == RoomCategory.Spotlight)));
+            AddAssert("selection vacated", () => checkRoomSelected(null));
         }
 
         [Test]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
index 462286335a..8c7576ff52 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayer.cs
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Components;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge.Components;
@@ -696,7 +698,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             {
                 var scoreInfo = ((ResultsScreen)multiplayerComponents.CurrentScreen).Score;
 
-                return !scoreInfo.Passed && scoreInfo.Rank == ScoreRank.F;
+                return scoreInfo?.Passed == false && scoreInfo.Rank == ScoreRank.F;
             });
         }
 
@@ -1009,6 +1011,43 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             }
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGameplayStartsWhileInSongSelectWithDifferentRuleset()
+        {
+            createRoom(() => new Room
+            {
+                Name = { Value = "Test Room" },
+                QueueMode = { Value = QueueMode.AllPlayers },
+                Playlist =
+                {
+                    new PlaylistItem(beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(importedSet.Beatmaps.First(b => b.Ruleset.OnlineID == 0)).BeatmapInfo)
+                    {
+                        RulesetID = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo.OnlineID,
+                        AllowedMods = new[] { new APIMod { Acronym = "HD" } },
+                    },
+                    new PlaylistItem(beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(importedSet.Beatmaps.First(b => b.Ruleset.OnlineID == 1)).BeatmapInfo)
+                    {
+                        RulesetID = new TaikoRuleset().RulesetInfo.OnlineID,
+                        AllowedMods = new[] { new APIMod { Acronym = "HD" } },
+                    },
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddStep("select hidden", () => multiplayerClient.ChangeUserMods(new[] { new APIMod { Acronym = "HD" } }));
+            AddStep("make user ready", () => multiplayerClient.ChangeState(MultiplayerUserState.Ready));
+            AddStep("press edit on second item", () => this.ChildrenOfType<DrawableRoomPlaylistItem>().Single(i => i.Item.RulesetID == 1)
+                                                           .ChildrenOfType<DrawableRoomPlaylistItem.PlaylistEditButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => InputManager.ChildrenOfType<MultiplayerMatchSongSelect>().FirstOrDefault()?.BeatmapSetsLoaded == true);
+            AddAssert("ruleset is taiko", () => Ruleset.Value.OnlineID == 1);
+
+            AddStep("start match", () => multiplayerClient.StartMatch().WaitSafely());
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for loading", () => multiplayerClient.ClientRoom?.State == MultiplayerRoomState.WaitingForLoad);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for gameplay to start", () => multiplayerClient.ClientRoom?.State == MultiplayerRoomState.Playing);
+            AddAssert("hidden is selected", () => SelectedMods.Value, () => Has.One.TypeOf(typeof(OsuModHidden)));
+        }
+
         private void enterGameplay()
         {
             pressReadyButton();
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerPlayer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerPlayer.cs
index cbeff770c9..aaf85dab7c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestSceneMultiplayerPlayer.cs
@@ -3,13 +3,18 @@
 
 #nullable disable
 
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 
@@ -19,14 +24,37 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
     {
         private MultiplayerPlayer player;
 
-        [SetUpSteps]
-        public override void SetUpSteps()
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGameplay()
         {
-            base.SetUpSteps();
+            setup();
 
+            AddUntilStep("wait for gameplay start", () => player.LocalUserPlaying.Value);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestFail()
+        {
+            setup(() => new[] { new OsuModAutopilot() });
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for gameplay start", () => player.LocalUserPlaying.Value);
+            AddStep("set health zero", () => player.ChildrenOfType<HealthProcessor>().Single().Health.Value = 0);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for fail", () => player.ChildrenOfType<HealthProcessor>().Single().HasFailed);
+            AddAssert("fail animation not shown", () => !player.GameplayState.HasFailed);
+
+            // ensure that even after reaching a failed state, score processor keeps accounting for new hit results.
+            // the testing method used here (autopilot + hold key) is sort-of dodgy, but works enough.
+            AddAssert("score is zero", () => player.GameplayState.ScoreProcessor.TotalScore.Value == 0);
+            AddStep("hold key", () => player.ChildrenOfType<OsuInputManager.RulesetKeyBindingContainer>().First().TriggerPressed(OsuAction.LeftButton));
+            AddUntilStep("score changed", () => player.GameplayState.ScoreProcessor.TotalScore.Value > 0);
+        }
+
+        private void setup(Func<IReadOnlyList<Mod>> mods = null)
+        {
             AddStep("set beatmap", () =>
             {
                 Beatmap.Value = CreateWorkingBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo);
+                SelectedMods.Value = mods?.Invoke() ?? Array.Empty<Mod>();
             });
 
             AddStep("Start track playing", () =>
@@ -52,11 +80,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
             AddUntilStep("gameplay clock is not paused", () => !player.ChildrenOfType<GameplayClockContainer>().Single().IsPaused.Value);
             AddAssert("gameplay clock is running", () => player.ChildrenOfType<GameplayClockContainer>().Single().IsRunning);
         }
-
-        [Test]
-        public void TestGameplay()
-        {
-            AddUntilStep("wait for gameplay start", () => player.LocalUserPlaying.Value);
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneInterProcessCommunication.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneInterProcessCommunication.cs
index 1ecd38e1d3..83430b5665 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneInterProcessCommunication.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneInterProcessCommunication.cs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             });
             AddStep("create IPC sender channels", () =>
             {
-                ipcSenderHost = new HeadlessGameHost(gameHost.Name, new HostOptions { BindIPC = true });
+                ipcSenderHost = new HeadlessGameHost(gameHost.Name, new HostOptions { IPCPort = OsuGame.IPC_PORT });
                 osuSchemeLinkIPCSender = new OsuSchemeLinkIPCChannel(ipcSenderHost);
                 archiveImportIPCSender = new ArchiveImportIPCChannel(ipcSenderHost);
             });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestScenePresentScore.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestScenePresentScore.cs
index 459a8b0df5..6590339311 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestScenePresentScore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestScenePresentScore.cs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
                 case ScorePresentType.Results:
                     AddUntilStep("wait for results", () => lastWaitedScreen != Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen && Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen is ResultsScreen);
                     AddStep("store last waited screen", () => lastWaitedScreen = Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen);
-                    AddUntilStep("correct score displayed", () => ((ResultsScreen)Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen).Score.Equals(getImport()));
+                    AddUntilStep("correct score displayed", () => ((ResultsScreen)Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen).Score!.Equals(getImport()));
                     AddAssert("correct ruleset selected", () => Game.Ruleset.Value.Equals(getImport().Ruleset));
                     break;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
index 8cb993eff2..7e42d4781d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneScreenNavigation.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Collections;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match.Components;
 using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Playlists;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel;
@@ -220,6 +223,67 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             AddAssert("Overlay was shown", () => songSelect.ModSelectOverlay.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAttemptPlayBeatmapWrongHashFails()
+        {
+            Screens.Select.SongSelect songSelect = null;
+
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).GetResultSafely());
+            PushAndConfirm(() => songSelect = new TestPlaySongSelect());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.BeatmapSetsLoaded);
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selected", () => !Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
+            AddStep("change beatmap files", () =>
+            {
+                foreach (var file in Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo.Files.Where(f => Path.GetExtension(f.Filename) == ".osu"))
+                {
+                    using (var stream = Game.Storage.GetStream(Path.Combine("files", file.File.GetStoragePath()), FileAccess.ReadWrite))
+                        stream.WriteByte(0);
+                }
+            });
+
+            AddStep("invalidate cache", () =>
+            {
+                ((IWorkingBeatmapCache)Game.BeatmapManager).Invalidate(Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("select next difficulty", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Down));
+            AddStep("press enter", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for player loader", () => Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen is PlayerLoader);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.IsCurrentScreen());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAttemptPlayBeatmapMissingFails()
+        {
+            Screens.Select.SongSelect songSelect = null;
+
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).GetResultSafely());
+            PushAndConfirm(() => songSelect = new TestPlaySongSelect());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.BeatmapSetsLoaded);
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selected", () => !Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
+            AddStep("delete beatmap files", () =>
+            {
+                foreach (var file in Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo.Files.Where(f => Path.GetExtension(f.Filename) == ".osu"))
+                    Game.Storage.Delete(Path.Combine("files", file.File.GetStoragePath()));
+            });
+
+            AddStep("invalidate cache", () =>
+            {
+                ((IWorkingBeatmapCache)Game.BeatmapManager).Invalidate(Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo);
+            });
+
+            AddStep("select next difficulty", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Down));
+            AddStep("press enter", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for player loader", () => Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen is PlayerLoader);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.IsCurrentScreen());
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestRetryCountIncrements()
         {
@@ -834,6 +898,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             AddAssert("exit dialog is shown", () => Game.Dependencies.Get<IDialogOverlay>().CurrentDialog is ConfirmExitDialog);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestQuickSkinEditorDoesntNukeSkin()
+        {
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).WaitSafely());
+
+            AddStep("open", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Space));
+            AddStep("skin", () => InputManager.Key(Key.E));
+            AddStep("editor", () => InputManager.Key(Key.S));
+            AddStep("and close immediately", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Escape));
+
+            AddStep("open again", () => InputManager.Key(Key.S));
+
+            Player player = null;
+
+            AddUntilStep("wait for player", () => (player = Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen as Player) != null);
+            AddUntilStep("wait for gameplay still has health bar", () => player.ChildrenOfType<ArgonHealthDisplay>().Any());
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestTouchScreenDetectionAtSongSelect()
         {
@@ -967,6 +1049,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             }
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPresentBeatmapAfterDeletion()
+        {
+            BeatmapSetInfo beatmap = null;
+
+            Screens.Select.SongSelect songSelect = null;
+            PushAndConfirm(() => songSelect = new TestPlaySongSelect());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for song select", () => songSelect.BeatmapSetsLoaded);
+
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).WaitSafely());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selected", () => !Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
+            AddStep("delete selected beatmap", () =>
+            {
+                beatmap = Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo;
+                Game.BeatmapManager.Delete(Game.Beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo);
+            });
+
+            AddUntilStep("nothing selected", () => Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+            AddStep("present deleted beatmap", () => Game.PresentBeatmap(beatmap));
+            AddAssert("still nothing selected", () => Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+        }
+
         private Func<Player> playToResults()
         {
             var player = playToCompletion();
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneSkinEditorNavigation.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneSkinEditorNavigation.cs
index 57f1b2fbe9..9c180d43da 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneSkinEditorNavigation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Navigation/TestSceneSkinEditorNavigation.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
@@ -301,6 +302,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Navigation
             switchToGameplayScene();
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestRulesetInputDisabledWhenSkinEditorOpen()
+        {
+            advanceToSongSelect();
+            openSkinEditor();
+
+            AddStep("import beatmap", () => BeatmapImportHelper.LoadQuickOszIntoOsu(Game).WaitSafely());
+            AddUntilStep("wait for selected", () => !Game.Beatmap.IsDefault);
+
+            switchToGameplayScene();
+            AddUntilStep("nested input disabled", () => ((Player)Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen).ChildrenOfType<PassThroughInputManager>().All(manager => !manager.UseParentInput));
+
+            toggleSkinEditor();
+            AddUntilStep("nested input enabled", () => ((Player)Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen).ChildrenOfType<PassThroughInputManager>().Any(manager => manager.UseParentInput));
+
+            toggleSkinEditor();
+            AddUntilStep("nested input disabled", () => ((Player)Game.ScreenStack.CurrentScreen).ChildrenOfType<PassThroughInputManager>().All(manager => !manager.UseParentInput));
+        }
+
         private void advanceToSongSelect()
         {
             PushAndConfirm(() => songSelect = new TestPlaySongSelect());
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneAccountCreationOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneAccountCreationOverlay.cs
index 0f920643f0..b9d7312233 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneAccountCreationOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneAccountCreationOverlay.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation;
@@ -59,7 +61,40 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddStep("click button", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
             AddUntilStep("warning screen is present", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenWarning>().SingleOrDefault()?.IsPresent == true);
 
-            AddStep("log back in", () => API.Login("dummy", "password"));
+            AddStep("log back in", () =>
+            {
+                API.Login("dummy", "password");
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("overlay is hidden", () => accountCreation.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestFullFlow()
+        {
+            AddStep("log out", () => API.Logout());
+
+            AddStep("show manually", () => accountCreation.Show());
+            AddUntilStep("overlay is visible", () => accountCreation.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
+
+            AddStep("click button", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+            AddUntilStep("warning screen is present", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenWarning>().SingleOrDefault()?.IsPresent == true);
+
+            AddStep("proceed", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<DangerousSettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+            AddUntilStep("entry screen is present", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenEntry>().SingleOrDefault()?.IsPresent == true);
+
+            AddStep("input details", () =>
+            {
+                var entryScreen = accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenEntry>().Single();
+                entryScreen.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().ElementAt(0).Text = "new_user";
+                entryScreen.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().ElementAt(1).Text = "new.user@fake.mail";
+                entryScreen.ChildrenOfType<OsuTextBox>().ElementAt(2).Text = "password";
+            });
+            AddStep("click button", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenEntry>().Single()
+                                                         .ChildrenOfType<SettingsButton>().Single().TriggerClick());
+            AddUntilStep("verification screen is present", () => accountCreation.ChildrenOfType<ScreenEmailVerification>().SingleOrDefault()?.IsPresent == true);
+
+            AddStep("verify", () => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh"));
             AddUntilStep("overlay is hidden", () => accountCreation.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentActions.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentActions.cs
index 10fdffb8e1..f47322b9e0 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentActions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentActions.cs
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             Schedule(() =>
             {
                 API.Login("test", "test");
+                dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
                 Child = commentsContainer = new CommentsContainer();
             });
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentsContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentsContainer.cs
index 3d8781d902..fd3552f675 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentsContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneCommentsContainer.cs
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             });
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPostAsOwner()
+        {
+            setUpCommentsResponse(getExampleComments());
+            AddStep("show comments", () => commentsContainer.ShowComments(CommentableType.Beatmapset, 123));
+
+            setUpPostResponse(true);
+            AddStep("enter text", () => editorTextBox.Current.Value = "comm");
+            AddStep("submit", () => commentsContainer.ChildrenOfType<CommentEditor>().Single().ChildrenOfType<RoundedButton>().First().TriggerClick());
+
+            AddUntilStep("comment sent", () =>
+            {
+                string writtenText = editorTextBox.Current.Value;
+                var comment = commentsContainer.ChildrenOfType<DrawableComment>().LastOrDefault();
+                return comment != null && comment.ChildrenOfType<SpriteText>().Any(y => y.Text == writtenText) && comment.ChildrenOfType<SpriteText>().Any(y => y.Text == "MAPPER");
+            });
+        }
+
         private void setUpCommentsResponse(CommentBundle commentBundle)
             => AddStep("set up response", () =>
             {
@@ -183,7 +201,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                 };
             });
 
-        private void setUpPostResponse()
+        private void setUpPostResponse(bool asOwner = false)
             => AddStep("set up response", () =>
             {
                 dummyAPI.HandleRequest = request =>
@@ -191,7 +209,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     if (!(request is CommentPostRequest req))
                         return false;
 
-                    req.TriggerSuccess(new CommentBundle
+                    var bundle = new CommentBundle
                     {
                         Comments = new List<Comment>
                         {
@@ -202,9 +220,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                                 LegacyName = "FirstUser",
                                 CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
                                 VotesCount = 98,
+                                CommentableId = 2001,
+                                CommentableType = "test",
                             }
                         }
-                    });
+                    };
+
+                    if (asOwner)
+                    {
+                        bundle.Comments[0].UserId = 1001;
+                        bundle.Comments[0].User = new APIUser { Id = 1001, Username = "FirstUser" };
+                        bundle.CommentableMeta.Add(new CommentableMeta
+                        {
+                            Id = 2001,
+                            OwnerId = 1001,
+                            OwnerTitle = "MAPPER",
+                            Type = "test",
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    req.TriggerSuccess(bundle);
                     return true;
                 };
             });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDashboardOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDashboardOverlay.cs
index 9407941da6..b6a300322f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDashboardOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDashboardOverlay.cs
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
 {
     public partial class TestSceneDashboardOverlay : OsuTestScene
     {
-        protected override bool UseOnlineAPI => true;
-
         private readonly DashboardOverlay overlay;
 
         public TestSceneDashboardOverlay()
@@ -17,6 +18,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             Add(overlay = new DashboardOverlay());
         }
 
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            int supportLevel = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
+            {
+                supportLevel++;
+
+                if (supportLevel > 3)
+                    supportLevel = 0;
+
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).Friends.Add(new APIUser
+                {
+                    Username = @"peppy",
+                    Id = 2,
+                    Colour = "99EB47",
+                    CoverUrl = @"https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c3.jpg",
+                    IsSupporter = supportLevel > 0,
+                    SupportLevel = supportLevel
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestShow()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDrawableComment.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDrawableComment.cs
index 5e83dd4fb3..6f09e4c1f6 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDrawableComment.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneDrawableComment.cs
@@ -4,62 +4,66 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Comments;
+using osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
 {
-    public partial class TestSceneDrawableComment : OsuTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneDrawableComment : ThemeComparisonTestScene
     {
-        [Cached]
-        private readonly OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Purple);
-
-        private Container container;
-
-        [SetUp]
-        public void SetUp() => Schedule(() =>
+        public TestSceneDrawableComment()
+            : base(false)
         {
-            Children = new Drawable[]
-            {
-                new Box
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Colour = colourProvider.Background4,
-                },
-                container = new Container
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
-                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
-                },
-            };
-        });
-
-        [TestCaseSource(nameof(comments))]
-        public void TestComment(string description, string text)
-        {
-            AddStep(description, () =>
-            {
-                comment.Pinned = description == "Pinned";
-                comment.Message = text;
-                container.Add(new DrawableComment(comment));
-            });
         }
 
-        private static readonly Comment comment = new Comment
+        protected override Drawable CreateContent() => new OsuScrollContainer(Direction.Vertical)
         {
-            Id = 1,
-            LegacyName = "Test User",
-            CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
-            VotesCount = 0,
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+            Child = new FillFlowContainer
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                ChildrenEnumerable = comments.Select(info =>
+                {
+                    var comment = new Comment
+                    {
+                        Id = 1,
+                        UserId = 1000,
+                        User = new APIUser { Id = 1000, Username = "Someone" },
+                        CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
+                        VotesCount = 0,
+                        Pinned = info[0] == "Pinned",
+                        Message = info[1],
+                        CommentableId = 2001,
+                        CommentableType = "test"
+                    };
+
+                    return new[]
+                    {
+                        new DrawableComment(comment, Array.Empty<CommentableMeta>()),
+                        new DrawableComment(comment, new[]
+                        {
+                            new CommentableMeta
+                            {
+                                Id = 2001,
+                                OwnerId = comment.UserId,
+                                OwnerTitle = "MAPPER",
+                                Type = "test",
+                            },
+                            new CommentableMeta { Title = "Other Meta" },
+                        }),
+                    };
+                }).SelectMany(c => c)
+            }
         };
 
-        private static object[] comments =
+        private static readonly string[][] comments =
         {
             new[] { "Plain", "This is plain comment" },
             new[] { "Pinned", "This is pinned comment" },
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneFavouriteButton.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneFavouriteButton.cs
index 3954fd5cff..0acf8336e3 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneFavouriteButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneFavouriteButton.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Buttons;
 using osuTK;
@@ -34,14 +35,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddStep("set valid beatmap", () => favourite.BeatmapSet.Value = new APIBeatmapSet { OnlineID = 88 });
             AddStep("log out", () => API.Logout());
             checkEnabled(false);
-            AddStep("log in", () => API.Login("test", "test"));
+            AddStep("log in", () =>
+            {
+                API.Login("test", "test");
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
             checkEnabled(true);
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestBeatmapChange()
         {
-            AddStep("log in", () => API.Login("test", "test"));
+            AddStep("log in", () =>
+            {
+                API.Login("test", "test");
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
             AddStep("set valid beatmap", () => favourite.BeatmapSet.Value = new APIBeatmapSet { OnlineID = 88 });
             checkEnabled(true);
             AddStep("set invalid beatmap", () => favourite.BeatmapSet.Value = new APIBeatmapSet());
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneScoresContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneScoresContainer.cs
index 2bfbf76c10..33f4d577bd 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneScoresContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneScoresContainer.cs
@@ -154,6 +154,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             });
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUnrankedPP()
+        {
+            AddStep("Load scores with unranked PP", () =>
+            {
+                var allScores = createScores();
+                allScores.Scores[0].Ranked = false;
+                allScores.UserScore = createUserBest();
+                allScores.UserScore.Score.Ranked = false;
+                scoresContainer.Scores = allScores;
+            });
+        }
+
         private ulong onlineID = 1;
 
         private APIScoresCollection createScores()
@@ -184,6 +197,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         MaxCombo = 1234,
                         TotalScore = 1234567890,
                         Accuracy = 1,
+                        Ranked = true,
                     },
                     new SoloScoreInfo
                     {
@@ -206,6 +220,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         MaxCombo = 1234,
                         TotalScore = 1234789,
                         Accuracy = 0.9997,
+                        Ranked = true,
                     },
                     new SoloScoreInfo
                     {
@@ -227,6 +242,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         MaxCombo = 1234,
                         TotalScore = 12345678,
                         Accuracy = 0.9854,
+                        Ranked = true,
                     },
                     new SoloScoreInfo
                     {
@@ -247,6 +263,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         MaxCombo = 1234,
                         TotalScore = 1234567,
                         Accuracy = 0.8765,
+                        Ranked = true,
                     },
                     new SoloScoreInfo
                     {
@@ -263,6 +280,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         MaxCombo = 1234,
                         TotalScore = 123456,
                         Accuracy = 0.6543,
+                        Ranked = true,
                     },
                 }
             };
@@ -309,6 +327,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                 MaxCombo = 1234,
                 TotalScore = 123456,
                 Accuracy = 0.6543,
+                Ranked = true,
             },
             Position = 1337,
         };
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
index e62e53bd02..19121b7f58 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneSoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         private Action<GetUsersRequest>? handleGetUsersRequest;
         private Action<GetUserRequest>? handleGetUserRequest;
 
-        private IDisposable? subscription;
-
         private readonly Dictionary<(int userId, string rulesetName), UserStatistics> serverSideStatistics = new Dictionary<(int userId, string rulesetName), UserStatistics>();
 
         [SetUpSteps]
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                             else
                             {
                                 int userId = int.Parse(getUserRequest.Lookup);
-                                string rulesetName = getUserRequest.Ruleset.ShortName;
+                                string rulesetName = getUserRequest.Ruleset!.ShortName;
                                 var response = new APIUser
                                 {
                                     Id = userId,
@@ -177,7 +175,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddWaitStep("wait a bit", 5);
             AddAssert("update not received", () => update == null);
 
-            AddStep("log in user", () => dummyAPI.Login("user", "password"));
+            AddStep("log in user", () =>
+            {
+                dummyAPI.Login("user", "password");
+                dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -249,23 +251,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         }
 
         [Test]
-        public void TestStatisticsUpdateNotFiredAfterSubscriptionDisposal()
+        public void TestGlobalStatisticsUpdatedAfterRegistrationAddedAndScoreProcessed()
         {
             int userId = getUserId();
+            long scoreId = getScoreId();
             setUpUser(userId);
 
-            long scoreId = getScoreId();
             var ruleset = new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo;
 
             SoloStatisticsUpdate? update = null;
             registerForUpdates(scoreId, ruleset, receivedUpdate => update = receivedUpdate);
-            AddStep("unsubscribe", () => subscription!.Dispose());
 
             feignScoreProcessing(userId, ruleset, 5_000_000);
 
             AddStep("signal score processed", () => ((ISpectatorClient)spectatorClient).UserScoreProcessed(userId, scoreId));
-            AddWaitStep("wait a bit", 5);
-            AddAssert("update not received", () => update == null);
+            AddUntilStep("update received", () => update != null);
+            AddAssert("local user values are correct", () => dummyAPI.LocalUser.Value.Statistics.TotalScore, () => Is.EqualTo(5_000_000));
+            AddAssert("statistics values are correct", () => dummyAPI.Statistics.Value!.TotalScore, () => Is.EqualTo(5_000_000));
         }
 
         private int nextUserId = 2000;
@@ -288,13 +290,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         }
 
         private void registerForUpdates(long scoreId, RulesetInfo rulesetInfo, Action<SoloStatisticsUpdate> onUpdateReady) =>
-            AddStep("register for updates", () => subscription = watcher.RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(
-                new ScoreInfo(Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo, new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, new RealmUser())
+            AddStep("register for updates", () =>
+            {
+                watcher.RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(
+                    new ScoreInfo(Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo, new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo, new RealmUser())
+                    {
+                        Ruleset = rulesetInfo,
+                        OnlineID = scoreId
+                    });
+                watcher.LatestUpdate.BindValueChanged(update =>
                 {
-                    Ruleset = rulesetInfo,
-                    OnlineID = scoreId
-                },
-                onUpdateReady));
+                    if (update.NewValue?.Score.OnlineID == scoreId)
+                        onUpdateReady.Invoke(update.NewValue);
+                });
+            });
 
         private void feignScoreProcessing(int userId, RulesetInfo rulesetInfo, long newTotalScore)
             => AddStep("feign score processing", () => serverSideStatistics[(userId, rulesetInfo.ShortName)] = new UserStatistics { TotalScore = newTotalScore });
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserPanel.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserPanel.cs
index b3b8fd78d3..4df34e6244 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserPanel.cs
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -29,6 +31,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
         private UserGridPanel boundPanel1;
         private TestUserListPanel boundPanel2;
 
+        [Cached]
+        private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Purple);
+
         [Resolved]
         private IRulesetStore rulesetStore { get; set; }
 
@@ -85,8 +90,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                         CoverUrl = @"https://assets.ppy.sh/user-profile-covers/8195163/4a8e2ad5a02a2642b631438cfa6c6bd7e2f9db289be881cb27df18331f64144c.jpeg",
                         IsOnline = false,
                         LastVisit = DateTimeOffset.Now
-                    })
-                },
+                    }),
+                    new UserRankPanel(new APIUser
+                    {
+                        Username = @"flyte",
+                        Id = 3103765,
+                        CountryCode = CountryCode.JP,
+                        CoverUrl = @"https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c6.jpg",
+                        Statistics = new UserStatistics { GlobalRank = 12345, CountryRank = 1234 }
+                    }) { Width = 300 },
+                    new UserRankPanel(new APIUser
+                    {
+                        Username = @"peppy",
+                        Id = 2,
+                        Colour = "99EB47",
+                        CountryCode = CountryCode.AU,
+                        CoverUrl = @"https://osu.ppy.sh/images/headers/profile-covers/c3.jpg",
+                        Statistics = new UserStatistics { GlobalRank = null, CountryRank = null }
+                    }) { Width = 300 }
+                }
             };
 
             boundPanel1.Status.BindTo(status);
@@ -136,6 +158,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddAssert("visit message is not visible", () => !boundPanel2.LastVisitMessage.IsPresent);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUserStatisticsChange()
+        {
+            AddStep("update statistics", () =>
+            {
+                API.UpdateStatistics(new UserStatistics
+                {
+                    GlobalRank = RNG.Next(100000),
+                    CountryRank = RNG.Next(100000)
+                });
+            });
+            AddStep("set statistics to empty", () =>
+            {
+                API.UpdateStatistics(new UserStatistics());
+            });
+        }
+
         private UserActivity soloGameStatusForRuleset(int rulesetId) => new UserActivity.InSoloGame(new BeatmapInfo(), rulesetStore.GetRuleset(rulesetId)!);
 
         private ScoreInfo createScore(string name) => new ScoreInfo(new TestBeatmap(Ruleset.Value).BeatmapInfo)
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileOverlay.cs
index 1375689075..1b9ca8717a 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileOverlay.cs
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddStep("show user", () => profile.ShowUser(new APIUser { Id = 1 }));
             AddToggleStep("toggle visibility", visible => profile.State.Value = visible ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Hidden);
             AddStep("log out", () => dummyAPI.Logout());
-            AddStep("log back in", () => dummyAPI.Login("username", "password"));
+            AddStep("log back in", () =>
+            {
+                dummyAPI.Login("username", "password");
+                dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -98,7 +102,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             });
             AddStep("logout", () => dummyAPI.Logout());
             AddStep("show user", () => profile.ShowUser(new APIUser { Id = 1 }));
-            AddStep("login", () => dummyAPI.Login("username", "password"));
+            AddStep("login", () =>
+            {
+                dummyAPI.Login("username", "password");
+                dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
             AddWaitStep("wait some", 3);
             AddStep("complete request", () => pendingRequest.TriggerSuccess(TEST_USER));
         }
@@ -198,6 +206,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                 Total = 50
             },
             SupportLevel = 2,
+            Location = "Somewhere",
+            Interests = "Rhythm games",
+            Occupation = "Gamer",
+            Twitter = "test_user",
+            Discord = "test_user",
+            Website = "https://google.com",
         };
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileScores.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileScores.cs
index 5249e8694d..56e4348b65 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileScores.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneUserProfileScores.cs
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     new APIMod { Acronym = new OsuModHardRock().Acronym },
                     new APIMod { Acronym = new OsuModDoubleTime().Acronym },
                 },
-                Accuracy = 0.9813
+                Accuracy = 0.9813,
+                Ranked = true,
             };
 
             var secondScore = new SoloScoreInfo
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     new APIMod { Acronym = new OsuModHardRock().Acronym },
                     new APIMod { Acronym = new OsuModDoubleTime().Acronym },
                 },
-                Accuracy = 0.998546
+                Accuracy = 0.998546,
+                Ranked = true,
             };
 
             var thirdScore = new SoloScoreInfo
@@ -79,7 +81,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     DifficultyName = "Insane"
                 },
                 EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
-                Accuracy = 0.9726
+                Accuracy = 0.9726,
+                Ranked = true,
             };
 
             var noPPScore = new SoloScoreInfo
@@ -95,7 +98,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     DifficultyName = "[4K] Cataclysmic Hypernova"
                 },
                 EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
-                Accuracy = 0.55879
+                Accuracy = 0.55879,
+                Ranked = true,
+            };
+
+            var lovedScore = new SoloScoreInfo
+            {
+                Rank = ScoreRank.B,
+                Beatmap = new APIBeatmap
+                {
+                    BeatmapSet = new APIBeatmapSet
+                    {
+                        Title = "C18H27NO3(extend)",
+                        Artist = "Team Grimoire",
+                    },
+                    DifficultyName = "[4K] Cataclysmic Hypernova",
+                    Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Loved,
+                },
+                EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
+                Accuracy = 0.55879,
+                Ranked = true,
             };
 
             var unprocessedPPScore = new SoloScoreInfo
@@ -112,7 +134,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
                 },
                 EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
-                Accuracy = 0.55879
+                Accuracy = 0.55879,
+                Ranked = true,
+            };
+
+            var unrankedPPScore = new SoloScoreInfo
+            {
+                Rank = ScoreRank.B,
+                Beatmap = new APIBeatmap
+                {
+                    BeatmapSet = new APIBeatmapSet
+                    {
+                        Title = "C18H27NO3(extend)",
+                        Artist = "Team Grimoire",
+                    },
+                    DifficultyName = "[4K] Cataclysmic Hypernova",
+                    Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Ranked,
+                },
+                EndedAt = DateTimeOffset.Now,
+                Accuracy = 0.55879,
+                Ranked = false,
             };
 
             Add(new FillFlowContainer
@@ -128,7 +169,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Green, new DrawableProfileScore(firstScore)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Green, new DrawableProfileScore(secondScore)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileScore(noPPScore)),
+                    new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileScore(lovedScore)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileScore(unprocessedPPScore)),
+                    new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileScore(unrankedPPScore)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileWeightedScore(firstScore, 0.97)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileWeightedScore(secondScore, 0.85)),
                     new ColourProvidedContainer(OverlayColourScheme.Pink, new DrawableProfileWeightedScore(thirdScore, 0.66)),
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneVotePill.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneVotePill.cs
index ce1a9ac6a7..488902c417 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneVotePill.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Online/TestSceneVotePill.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
 {
@@ -72,7 +73,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Online
             AddAssert("Login overlay is visible", () => login.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
         }
 
-        private void logIn() => API.Login("localUser", "password");
+        private void logIn()
+        {
+            API.Login("localUser", "password");
+            ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+        }
 
         private Comment getUserComment() => new Comment
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsMatchSettingsOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsMatchSettingsOverlay.cs
index 1053789b27..9f7b20ad43 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsMatchSettingsOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsMatchSettingsOverlay.cs
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
 
             public IBindable<bool> InitialRoomsReceived { get; } = new Bindable<bool>(true);
 
-            public IBindableList<Room> Rooms => null;
+            public IBindableList<Room> Rooms => null!;
 
             public void AddOrUpdateRoom(Room room) => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
index cb422d8c06..25ee20b089 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Online.Placeholders;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
@@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
 
             // Previous test instances of the results screen may still exist at this point so wait for
             // those screens to be cleaned up by the base SetUpSteps before re-initialising test state.
-            // The the screen also holds a leased Beatmap bindable so reassigning it must happen after
-            // the screen as been exited.
+            // The screen also holds a leased Beatmap bindable so reassigning it must happen after
+            // the screen has been exited.
             AddStep("initialise user scores and beatmap", () =>
             {
                 lowestScoreId = 1;
@@ -63,8 +64,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
                 userScore.Statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
                 userScore.MaximumStatistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>();
 
-                bindHandler();
-
                 // Beatmap is required to be an actual beatmap so the scores can get their scores correctly
                 // calculated for standardised scoring, else the tests that rely on ordering will fall over.
                 Beatmap.Value = CreateWorkingBeatmap(Ruleset.Value);
@@ -77,6 +76,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(userScore: userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
+            waitForDisplay();
 
             AddAssert("user score selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Single(p => p.Score.OnlineID == userScore.OnlineID).State == PanelState.Expanded);
             AddAssert($"score panel position is {real_user_position}",
@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [Test]
         public void TestShowNullUserScore()
         {
+            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler());
+
             createResults();
+            waitForDisplay();
 
             AddAssert("top score selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().OrderByDescending(p => p.Score.TotalScore).First().State == PanelState.Expanded);
         }
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(true, userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
+            waitForDisplay();
 
             AddAssert("more than 1 panel displayed", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() > 1);
             AddAssert("user score selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Single(p => p.Score.OnlineID == userScore.OnlineID).State == PanelState.Expanded);
@@ -108,6 +112,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             AddStep("bind delayed handler", () => bindHandler(true));
 
             createResults();
+            waitForDisplay();
 
             AddAssert("top score selected", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().OrderByDescending(p => p.Score.TotalScore).First().State == PanelState.Expanded);
         }
@@ -115,10 +120,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [Test]
         public void TestFetchWhenScrolledToTheRight()
         {
-            createResults();
-
             AddStep("bind delayed handler", () => bindHandler(true));
 
+            createResults();
+            waitForDisplay();
+
             for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
             {
                 int beforePanelCount = 0;
@@ -134,12 +140,44 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             }
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNoMoreScoresToTheRight()
+        {
+            AddStep("bind delayed handler with scores", () => bindHandler(delayed: true));
+
+            createResults();
+            waitForDisplay();
+
+            int beforePanelCount = 0;
+
+            AddStep("get panel count", () => beforePanelCount = this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count());
+            AddStep("scroll to right", () => resultsScreen.ScorePanelList.ChildrenOfType<OsuScrollContainer>().Single().ScrollToEnd(false));
+
+            AddAssert("right loading spinner shown", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
+            waitForDisplay();
+
+            AddAssert($"count increased by {scores_per_result}", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() >= beforePanelCount + scores_per_result);
+            AddAssert("right loading spinner hidden", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
+
+            AddStep("get panel count", () => beforePanelCount = this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count());
+            AddStep("bind delayed handler with no scores", () => bindHandler(delayed: true, noScores: true));
+            AddStep("scroll to right", () => resultsScreen.ScorePanelList.ChildrenOfType<OsuScrollContainer>().Single().ScrollToEnd(false));
+
+            AddAssert("right loading spinner shown", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Visible);
+            waitForDisplay();
+
+            AddAssert("count not increased", () => this.ChildrenOfType<ScorePanel>().Count() == beforePanelCount);
+            AddAssert("right loading spinner hidden", () => resultsScreen.RightSpinner.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
+            AddAssert("no placeholders shown", () => this.ChildrenOfType<MessagePlaceholder>().Count(), () => Is.Zero);
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestFetchWhenScrolledToTheLeft()
         {
             AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(userScore: userScore));
 
             createResults(() => userScore);
+            waitForDisplay();
 
             AddStep("bind delayed handler", () => bindHandler(true));
 
@@ -158,6 +196,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             }
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestShowWithNoScores()
+        {
+            AddStep("bind user score info handler", () => bindHandler(noScores: true));
+            createResults();
+            AddAssert("no scores visible", () => !resultsScreen.ScorePanelList.GetScorePanels().Any());
+            AddAssert("placeholder shown", () => this.ChildrenOfType<MessagePlaceholder>().Count(), () => Is.EqualTo(1));
+        }
+
         private void createResults(Func<ScoreInfo> getScore = null)
         {
             AddStep("load results", () =>
@@ -169,7 +216,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             });
 
             AddUntilStep("wait for screen to load", () => resultsScreen.IsLoaded);
-            waitForDisplay();
         }
 
         private void waitForDisplay()
@@ -183,7 +229,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             AddWaitStep("wait for display", 5);
         }
 
-        private void bindHandler(bool delayed = false, ScoreInfo userScore = null, bool failRequests = false) => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).HandleRequest = request =>
+        private void bindHandler(bool delayed = false, ScoreInfo userScore = null, bool failRequests = false, bool noScores = false) => ((DummyAPIAccess)API).HandleRequest = request =>
         {
             // pre-check for requests we should be handling (as they are scheduled below).
             switch (request)
@@ -219,7 +265,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
                         break;
 
                     case IndexPlaylistScoresRequest i:
-                        triggerSuccess(i, createIndexResponse(i));
+                        triggerSuccess(i, createIndexResponse(i, noScores));
                         break;
                 }
             }, delay);
@@ -301,10 +347,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             return multiplayerUserScore;
         }
 
-        private IndexedMultiplayerScores createIndexResponse(IndexPlaylistScoresRequest req)
+        private IndexedMultiplayerScores createIndexResponse(IndexPlaylistScoresRequest req, bool noScores = false)
         {
             var result = new IndexedMultiplayerScores();
 
+            if (noScores) return result;
+
             string sort = req.IndexParams?.Properties["sort"].ToObject<string>() ?? "score_desc";
 
             for (int i = 1; i <= scores_per_result; i++)
@@ -372,7 +420,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
             public new LoadingSpinner RightSpinner => base.RightSpinner;
             public new ScorePanelList ScorePanelList => base.ScorePanelList;
 
-            public TestResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score, int roomId, PlaylistItem playlistItem, bool allowRetry = true)
+            public TestResultsScreen([CanBeNull] ScoreInfo score, int roomId, PlaylistItem playlistItem, bool allowRetry = true)
                 : base(score, roomId, playlistItem, allowRetry)
             {
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomCreation.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomCreation.cs
index 2f66309f04..1636a3d4b8 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomCreation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomCreation.cs
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
         [SetUpSteps]
         public void SetupSteps()
         {
-            AddStep("set room", () => SelectedRoom.Value = new Room());
+            AddStep("set room", () => SelectedRoom!.Value = new Room());
 
             importBeatmap();
 
-            AddStep("load match", () => LoadScreen(match = new TestPlaylistsRoomSubScreen(SelectedRoom.Value)));
+            AddStep("load match", () => LoadScreen(match = new TestPlaylistsRoomSubScreen(SelectedRoom!.Value)));
             AddUntilStep("wait for load", () => match.IsCurrentScreen());
         }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
                 });
             });
 
-            AddAssert("first playlist item selected", () => match.SelectedItem.Value == SelectedRoom.Value.Playlist[0]);
+            AddAssert("first playlist item selected", () => match.SelectedItem.Value == SelectedRoom!.Value.Playlist[0]);
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Playlists
 
         private void setupAndCreateRoom(Action<Room> room)
         {
-            AddStep("setup room", () => room(SelectedRoom.Value));
+            AddStep("setup room", () => room(SelectedRoom!.Value));
 
             AddStep("click create button", () =>
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneAccuracyCircle.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneAccuracyCircle.cs
index 435dd77120..41a5603060 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneAccuracyCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneAccuracyCircle.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -45,6 +46,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             addCircleStep(createScore(1, new OsuRuleset()));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestOsuRankHidden()
+        {
+            addCircleStep(createScore(0, new OsuRuleset(), 20, true));
+            addCircleStep(createScore(0.8, new OsuRuleset(), 5, true));
+            addCircleStep(createScore(0.95, new OsuRuleset(), 0, true));
+            addCircleStep(createScore(0.97, new OsuRuleset(), 1, true));
+            addCircleStep(createScore(1, new OsuRuleset(), 0, true));
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestCatchRank()
         {
@@ -65,7 +76,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             addCircleStep(createScore(1, new CatchRuleset()));
         }
 
-        private void addCircleStep(ScoreInfo score) => AddStep($"add panel ({score.DisplayAccuracy})", () =>
+        private void addCircleStep(ScoreInfo score) => AddStep($"add panel ({score.DisplayAccuracy}, {score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss)} miss)", () =>
         {
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
@@ -92,10 +103,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             };
         });
 
-        private ScoreInfo createScore(double accuracy, Ruleset ruleset)
+        private ScoreInfo createScore(double accuracy, Ruleset ruleset, int missCount = 0, bool hidden = false)
         {
             var scoreProcessor = ruleset.CreateScoreProcessor();
 
+            var statistics = new Dictionary<HitResult, int>
+            {
+                { HitResult.Miss, missCount },
+                { HitResult.Meh, 50 },
+                { HitResult.Good, 100 },
+                { HitResult.Great, 300 },
+            };
+
+            var mods = hidden
+                ? new[] { new OsuModHidden() }
+                : new Mod[] { new OsuModHardRock(), new OsuModDoubleTime() };
+
             return new ScoreInfo
             {
                 User = new APIUser
@@ -105,19 +128,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
                 },
                 BeatmapInfo = new TestBeatmap(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo).BeatmapInfo,
                 Ruleset = ruleset.RulesetInfo,
-                Mods = new Mod[] { new OsuModHardRock(), new OsuModDoubleTime() },
+                Mods = mods,
                 TotalScore = 2845370,
                 Accuracy = accuracy,
                 MaxCombo = 999,
-                Rank = scoreProcessor.RankFromAccuracy(accuracy),
+                Rank = scoreProcessor.RankFromScore(accuracy, statistics),
                 Date = DateTimeOffset.Now,
-                Statistics =
-                {
-                    { HitResult.Miss, 1 },
-                    { HitResult.Meh, 50 },
-                    { HitResult.Good, 100 },
-                    { HitResult.Great, 300 },
-                }
+                Statistics = statistics,
             };
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneResultsScreen.cs
index ab2e867255..cf4bec54ff 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Ranking/TestSceneResultsScreen.cs
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@ using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Statistics;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
+using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Tests.Resources;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Input;
@@ -43,6 +46,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
         [Resolved]
         private RealmAccess realm { get; set; }
 
+        [Resolved]
+        private SkinManager skins { get; set; }
+
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
@@ -56,8 +62,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
                 if (beatmapInfo != null)
                     Beatmap.Value = beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(beatmapInfo);
             });
+
+            AddToggleStep("toggle legacy classic skin", v =>
+            {
+                if (skins != null)
+                    skins.CurrentSkinInfo.Value = v ? skins.DefaultClassicSkin.SkinInfo : skins.CurrentSkinInfo.Default;
+            });
         }
 
+        [SetUp]
+        public void SetUp() => Schedule(() => skins.CurrentSkinInfo.SetDefault());
+
         [Test]
         public void TestScaling()
         {
@@ -71,15 +86,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
 
         private int onlineScoreID = 1;
 
-        [TestCase(1, ScoreRank.X)]
-        [TestCase(0.9999, ScoreRank.S)]
-        [TestCase(0.975, ScoreRank.S)]
-        [TestCase(0.925, ScoreRank.A)]
-        [TestCase(0.85, ScoreRank.B)]
-        [TestCase(0.75, ScoreRank.C)]
-        [TestCase(0.5, ScoreRank.D)]
-        [TestCase(0.2, ScoreRank.D)]
-        public void TestResultsWithPlayer(double accuracy, ScoreRank rank)
+        [TestCase(1, ScoreRank.X, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0.9999, ScoreRank.S, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0.975, ScoreRank.S, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0.975, ScoreRank.A, 1)]
+        [TestCase(0.925, ScoreRank.A, 5)]
+        [TestCase(0.85, ScoreRank.B, 9)]
+        [TestCase(0.75, ScoreRank.C, 11)]
+        [TestCase(0.5, ScoreRank.D, 21)]
+        [TestCase(0.2, ScoreRank.D, 51)]
+        public void TestResultsWithPlayer(double accuracy, ScoreRank rank, int missCount)
         {
             TestResultsScreen screen = null;
 
@@ -91,6 +107,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
                 score.HitEvents = TestSceneStatisticsPanel.CreatePositionDistributedHitEvents();
                 score.Accuracy = accuracy;
                 score.Rank = rank;
+                score.Statistics[HitResult.Miss] = missCount;
 
                 return screen = createResultsScreen(score);
             });
@@ -129,6 +146,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             AddAssert("retry overlay present", () => screen.RetryOverlay != null);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestResultsWithFailingRank()
+        {
+            TestResultsScreen screen = null;
+
+            loadResultsScreen(() =>
+            {
+                var score = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
+
+                score.OnlineID = onlineScoreID++;
+                score.HitEvents = TestSceneStatisticsPanel.CreatePositionDistributedHitEvents();
+                score.Rank = ScoreRank.F;
+                return screen = createResultsScreen(score);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("wait for loaded", () => screen.IsLoaded);
+            AddAssert("retry overlay present", () => screen.RetryOverlay != null);
+            AddAssert("no badges displayed", () => this.ChildrenOfType<RankBadge>().All(b => !b.IsPresent));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestResultsWithFailingRankOnLegacySkin()
+        {
+            TestResultsScreen screen = null;
+
+            AddStep("set legacy skin", () => skins.CurrentSkinInfo.Value = skins.DefaultClassicSkin.SkinInfo);
+
+            loadResultsScreen(() =>
+            {
+                var score = TestResources.CreateTestScoreInfo();
+
+                score.OnlineID = onlineScoreID++;
+                score.HitEvents = TestSceneStatisticsPanel.CreatePositionDistributedHitEvents();
+                score.Rank = ScoreRank.F;
+                return screen = createResultsScreen(score);
+            });
+            AddUntilStep("wait for loaded", () => screen.IsLoaded);
+            AddAssert("retry overlay present", () => screen.RetryOverlay != null);
+            AddAssert("no badges displayed", () => this.ChildrenOfType<RankBadge>().All(b => !b.IsPresent));
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestShowHideStatisticsViaOutsideClick()
         {
@@ -415,7 +472,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
             public UnrankedSoloResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score)
                 : base(score, true)
             {
-                Score.BeatmapInfo!.OnlineID = 0;
+                Score!.BeatmapInfo!.OnlineID = 0;
                 Score.BeatmapInfo.Status = BeatmapOnlineStatus.Pending;
             }
 
@@ -429,7 +486,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Ranking
 
         private class RulesetWithNoPerformanceCalculator : OsuRuleset
         {
-            public override PerformanceCalculator CreatePerformanceCalculator() => null;
+            public override PerformanceCalculator CreatePerformanceCalculator() => null!;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Settings/TestSceneSettingsItem.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Settings/TestSceneSettingsItem.cs
index 2926b11067..ee0c64aa3f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Settings/TestSceneSettingsItem.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Settings/TestSceneSettingsItem.cs
@@ -40,8 +40,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Settings
             AddStep("change value from default", () => textBox.Current.Value = "non-default");
             AddUntilStep("restore button shown", () => revertToDefaultButton.Alpha > 0);
 
+            AddStep("disable setting", () => textBox.Current.Disabled = true);
+            AddUntilStep("restore button still shown", () => revertToDefaultButton.Alpha > 0);
+
+            AddStep("enable setting", () => textBox.Current.Disabled = false);
             AddStep("restore default", () => textBox.Current.SetDefault());
             AddUntilStep("restore button hidden", () => revertToDefaultButton.Alpha == 0);
+
+            AddStep("disable setting", () => textBox.Current.Disabled = true);
+            AddUntilStep("restore button still hidden", () => revertToDefaultButton.Alpha == 0);
         }
 
         [Test]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneFilterControl.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneFilterControl.cs
index 94c6130f15..a639d50eee 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneFilterControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/SongSelect/TestSceneFilterControl.cs
@@ -76,6 +76,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.SongSelect
             assertCollectionDropdownContains("2");
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCollectionsCleared()
+        {
+            AddStep("add collection", () => writeAndRefresh(r => r.Add(new BeatmapCollection(name: "1"))));
+            AddStep("add collection", () => writeAndRefresh(r => r.Add(new BeatmapCollection(name: "2"))));
+            AddStep("add collection", () => writeAndRefresh(r => r.Add(new BeatmapCollection(name: "3"))));
+
+            AddAssert("check count 5", () => control.ChildrenOfType<CollectionDropdown>().Single().ChildrenOfType<Menu.DrawableMenuItem>().Count(), () => Is.EqualTo(5));
+
+            AddStep("delete all collections", () => writeAndRefresh(r => r.RemoveAll<BeatmapCollection>()));
+
+            AddAssert("check count 2", () => control.ChildrenOfType<CollectionDropdown>().Single().ChildrenOfType<Menu.DrawableMenuItem>().Count(), () => Is.EqualTo(2));
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestCollectionRemovedFromDropdown()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneCommentEditor.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneCommentEditor.cs
index b17024ae8f..e1d40882be 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneCommentEditor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneCommentEditor.cs
@@ -125,7 +125,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             assertLoggedOutState();
 
             // moving from logged out -> logged in
-            AddStep("log back in", () => dummyAPI.Login("username", "password"));
+            AddStep("log back in", () =>
+            {
+                dummyAPI.Login("username", "password");
+                dummyAPI.AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
+            });
             assertLoggedInState();
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFirstRunSetupOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFirstRunSetupOverlay.cs
index 9275f9755f..51da4d8755 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFirstRunSetupOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFirstRunSetupOverlay.cs
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             {
             }
 
-            public virtual IBindable<int> UnreadCount => null;
+            public virtual IBindable<int> UnreadCount { get; } = new Bindable<int>();
 
             public IEnumerable<Notification> AllNotifications => Enumerable.Empty<Notification>();
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
index a95bb2c9e3..b79ce6c75f 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneFooterButtonMods.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
@@ -67,6 +68,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             AddAssert(@"Check empty multiplier", () => assertModsMultiplier(Array.Empty<Mod>()));
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestUnrankedBadge()
+        {
+            AddStep(@"Add unranked mod", () => changeMods(new[] { new OsuModDeflate() }));
+            AddAssert("Unranked badge shown", () => footerButtonMods.UnrankedBadge.Alpha == 1);
+            AddStep(@"Clear selected mod", () => changeMods(Array.Empty<Mod>()));
+            AddAssert("Unranked badge not shown", () => footerButtonMods.UnrankedBadge.Alpha == 0);
+        }
+
         private void changeMods(IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
         {
             footerButtonMods.Current.Value = mods;
@@ -83,6 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
         private partial class TestFooterButtonMods : FooterButtonMods
         {
             public new OsuSpriteText MultiplierText => base.MultiplierText;
+            public new Drawable UnrankedBadge => base.UnrankedBadge;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneLogoTrackingContainer.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneLogoTrackingContainer.cs
index 57ea4ee58e..8d5c961265 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneLogoTrackingContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneLogoTrackingContainer.cs
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             /// <summary>
             /// Check that the logo is tracking the position of the facade, with an acceptable precision lenience.
             /// </summary>
-            public bool IsLogoTracking => Precision.AlmostEquals(Logo.Position, ComputeLogoTrackingPosition());
+            public bool IsLogoTracking => Precision.AlmostEquals(Logo!.Position, ComputeLogoTrackingPosition());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneModSelectOverlay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneModSelectOverlay.cs
index 4b101a52f4..99a5897dff 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneModSelectOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneModSelectOverlay.cs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             AddAssert("mod multiplier correct", () =>
             {
                 double multiplier = SelectedMods.Value.Aggregate(1d, (m, mod) => m * mod.ScoreMultiplier);
-                return Precision.AlmostEquals(multiplier, modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ScoreMultiplierDisplay>().Single().Current.Value);
+                return Precision.AlmostEquals(multiplier, modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<RankingInformationDisplay>().Single().ModMultiplier.Value);
             });
             assertCustomisationToggleState(disabled: false, active: false);
             AddAssert("setting items created", () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ISettingsItem>().Any());
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             AddAssert("mod multiplier correct", () =>
             {
                 double multiplier = SelectedMods.Value.Aggregate(1d, (m, mod) => m * mod.ScoreMultiplier);
-                return Precision.AlmostEquals(multiplier, modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ScoreMultiplierDisplay>().Single().Current.Value);
+                return Precision.AlmostEquals(multiplier, modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<RankingInformationDisplay>().Single().ModMultiplier.Value);
             });
             assertCustomisationToggleState(disabled: false, active: false);
             AddAssert("setting items created", () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ISettingsItem>().Any());
@@ -542,10 +542,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
 
             AddStep("press enter", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
             AddAssert("hidden selected", () => getPanelForMod(typeof(OsuModHidden)).Active.Value);
+            AddAssert("all text selected in textbox", () =>
+            {
+                var textBox = modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SearchTextBox>().Single();
+                return textBox.SelectedText == textBox.Text;
+            });
 
             AddStep("press enter again", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
             AddAssert("hidden deselected", () => !getPanelForMod(typeof(OsuModHidden)).Active.Value);
 
+            AddStep("apply search matching nothing", () => modSelectOverlay.SearchTerm = "ZZZ");
+            AddStep("press enter", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
+            AddAssert("all text not selected in textbox", () =>
+            {
+                var textBox = modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<SearchTextBox>().Single();
+                return textBox.SelectedText != textBox.Text;
+            });
+
             AddStep("clear search", () => modSelectOverlay.SearchTerm = string.Empty);
             AddStep("press enter", () => InputManager.Key(Key.Enter));
             AddAssert("mod select hidden", () => modSelectOverlay.State.Value == Visibility.Hidden);
@@ -833,7 +846,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
                 InputManager.Click(MouseButton.Left);
             });
             AddAssert("difficulty multiplier display shows correct value",
-                () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ScoreMultiplierDisplay>().Single().Current.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(0.1).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
+                () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<RankingInformationDisplay>().Single().ModMultiplier.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(0.1).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
 
             // this is highly unorthodox in a test, but because the `ModSettingChangeTracker` machinery heavily leans on events and object disposal and re-creation,
             // it is instrumental in the reproduction of the failure scenario that this test is supposed to cover.
@@ -843,7 +856,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             AddStep("reset half time speed to default", () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ModSettingsArea>().Single()
                                                                               .ChildrenOfType<RevertToDefaultButton<double>>().Single().TriggerClick());
             AddUntilStep("difficulty multiplier display shows correct value",
-                () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<ScoreMultiplierDisplay>().Single().Current.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(0.3).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
+                () => modSelectOverlay.ChildrenOfType<RankingInformationDisplay>().Single().ModMultiplier.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(0.3).Within(Precision.DOUBLE_EPSILON));
         }
 
         private void waitForColumnLoad() => AddUntilStep("all column content loaded", () =>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneOsuDropdown.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneOsuDropdown.cs
index 1678890b73..63f7a2f2cc 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneOsuDropdown.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneOsuDropdown.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Input.States;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
 
@@ -18,13 +17,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
     public partial class TestSceneOsuDropdown : ThemeComparisonTestScene
     {
         protected override Drawable CreateContent() =>
-            new OsuEnumDropdown<BeatmapOnlineStatus>
+            new OsuEnumDropdown<TestEnum>
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
                 Width = 150
             };
 
+        private enum TestEnum
+        {
+            [System.ComponentModel.Description("Option")]
+            Option,
+
+            [System.ComponentModel.Description("Really lonnnnnnng option")]
+            ReallyLongOption,
+        }
+
         [Test]
         // todo: this can be written much better if ThemeComparisonTestScene has a manual input manager
         public void TestBackAction()
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
             AddStep("press back", () => dropdown().OnPressed(new KeyBindingPressEvent<GlobalAction>(new InputState(), GlobalAction.Back)));
             AddAssert("closed", () => dropdown().ChildrenOfType<Menu>().Single().State == MenuState.Closed);
 
-            OsuEnumDropdown<BeatmapOnlineStatus> dropdown() => this.ChildrenOfType<OsuEnumDropdown<BeatmapOnlineStatus>>().First();
+            OsuEnumDropdown<TestEnum> dropdown() => this.ChildrenOfType<OsuEnumDropdown<TestEnum>>().First();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneRankingInformationDisplay.cs
similarity index 50%
rename from osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
rename to osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneRankingInformationDisplay.cs
index c2ddd814b7..42f243cc21 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneRankingInformationDisplay.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods;
 namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
 {
     [TestFixture]
-    public partial class TestSceneScoreMultiplierDisplay : OsuTestScene
+    public partial class TestSceneRankingInformationDisplay : OsuTestScene
     {
         [Cached]
         private OverlayColourProvider colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(OverlayColourScheme.Green);
@@ -19,22 +19,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
         [Test]
         public void TestBasic()
         {
-            ScoreMultiplierDisplay multiplierDisplay = null!;
+            RankingInformationDisplay onlinePropertiesDisplay = null!;
 
-            AddStep("create content", () => Child = multiplierDisplay = new ScoreMultiplierDisplay
+            AddStep("create content", () => Child = onlinePropertiesDisplay = new RankingInformationDisplay
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre
             });
 
-            AddStep("set multiplier below 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 0.5);
-            AddStep("set multiplier to 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 1);
-            AddStep("set multiplier above 1", () => multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = 1.5);
+            AddToggleStep("toggle ranked", ranked => onlinePropertiesDisplay.Ranked.Value = ranked);
+
+            AddStep("set multiplier below 1", () => onlinePropertiesDisplay.ModMultiplier.Value = 0.5);
+            AddStep("set multiplier to 1", () => onlinePropertiesDisplay.ModMultiplier.Value = 1);
+            AddStep("set multiplier above 1", () => onlinePropertiesDisplay.ModMultiplier.Value = 1.5);
 
             AddSliderStep("set multiplier", 0, 2, 1d, multiplier =>
             {
-                if (multiplierDisplay.IsNotNull())
-                    multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = multiplier;
+                if (onlinePropertiesDisplay.IsNotNull())
+                    onlinePropertiesDisplay.ModMultiplier.Value = multiplier;
             });
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneVolumePieces.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneVolumePieces.cs
index 311bae0d50..b85e4c19d1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneVolumePieces.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/TestSceneVolumePieces.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
         {
             VolumeMeter meter;
             MuteButton mute;
-            Add(meter = new VolumeMeter("MASTER", 125, Color4.Blue) { Position = new Vector2(10) });
+            Add(meter = new VolumeMeter("MASTER", 125, Color4.Green) { Position = new Vector2(10) });
             AddSliderStep("master volume", 0, 10, 0, i => meter.Bindable.Value = i * 0.1);
 
             Add(new VolumeMeter("BIG", 250, Color4.Red)
@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                 Position = new Vector2(10),
+                Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = 250 },
+            });
+
+            Add(new VolumeMeter("SML", 125, Color4.Blue)
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Position = new Vector2(10),
+                Margin = new MarginPadding { Right = 500 },
             });
 
             Add(mute = new MuteButton
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/ThemeComparisonTestScene.cs b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/ThemeComparisonTestScene.cs
index 2c894eacab..3177695f44 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/ThemeComparisonTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/Visual/UserInterface/ThemeComparisonTestScene.cs
@@ -14,31 +14,39 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.UserInterface
 {
     public abstract partial class ThemeComparisonTestScene : OsuGridTestScene
     {
-        protected ThemeComparisonTestScene()
-            : base(1, 2)
+        private readonly bool showWithoutColourProvider;
+
+        protected ThemeComparisonTestScene(bool showWithoutColourProvider = true)
+            : base(1, showWithoutColourProvider ? 2 : 1)
         {
+            this.showWithoutColourProvider = showWithoutColourProvider;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuColour colours)
         {
-            Cell(0, 0).AddRange(new[]
+            if (showWithoutColourProvider)
             {
-                new Box
+                Cell(0, 0).AddRange(new[]
                 {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Colour = colours.GreySeaFoam
-                },
-                CreateContent()
-            });
+                    new Box
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                        Colour = colours.GreySeaFoam
+                    },
+                    CreateContent()
+                });
+            }
         }
 
         protected void CreateThemedContent(OverlayColourScheme colourScheme)
         {
             var colourProvider = new OverlayColourProvider(colourScheme);
 
-            Cell(0, 1).Clear();
-            Cell(0, 1).Add(new DependencyProvidingContainer
+            int col = showWithoutColourProvider ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Cell(0, col).Clear();
+            Cell(0, col).Add(new DependencyProvidingContainer
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 CachedDependencies = new (Type, object)[]
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tests/osu.Game.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Tests/osu.Game.Tests.csproj
index ef6c16f2c4..c0bbdfb4ed 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tests/osu.Game.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Tests/osu.Game.Tests.csproj
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
     <PackageReference Include="DeepEqual" Version="4.2.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="Nito.AsyncEx" Version="5.1.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.18.4" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Code Analysis">
     <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>tests.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/.vscode/launch.json b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
index 51aa541811..07a0db448d 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net6.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/net8.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Debug)",
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "dotnet",
             "args": [
-                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net6.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll"
+                "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Release/net8.0/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.dll"
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "Build (Release)",
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/TournamentTestRunner.cs b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/TournamentTestRunner.cs
index 5f642b14f5..e09d1be22c 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/TournamentTestRunner.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/TournamentTestRunner.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu-development", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu-development"))
             {
                 host.Run(new TournamentTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj
index 2cc07dd9ed..8f1d7114b1 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests/osu.Game.Tournament.Tests.csproj
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.7.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Project References">
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch\osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.csproj" />
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/SongBar.cs b/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/SongBar.cs
index cc1d00f62f..ae59e92e33 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/SongBar.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/SongBar.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Models;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Menu;
 using osuTK;
@@ -101,11 +102,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Components
 
         private void refreshContent()
         {
-            if (beatmap == null)
+            beatmap ??= new BeatmapInfo
             {
-                flow.Clear();
-                return;
-            }
+                Metadata = new BeatmapMetadata
+                {
+                    Artist = "unknown",
+                    Title = "no beatmap selected",
+                    Author = new RealmUser { Username = "unknown" },
+                },
+                DifficultyName = "unknown",
+                BeatmapSet = new BeatmapSetInfo(),
+                StarRating = 0,
+                Difficulty = new BeatmapDifficulty
+                {
+                    CircleSize = 0,
+                    DrainRate = 0,
+                    OverallDifficulty = 0,
+                    ApproachRate = 0,
+                },
+            };
 
             double bpm = beatmap.BPM;
             double length = beatmap.Length;
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/TournamentBeatmapPanel.cs b/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/TournamentBeatmapPanel.cs
index 4e0adb30ac..514ba482c4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/TournamentBeatmapPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament/Components/TournamentBeatmapPanel.cs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.Components
 
             // Use DelayedLoadWrapper to avoid content unloading when switching away to another screen.
             protected override DelayedLoadWrapper CreateDelayedLoadWrapper(Func<Drawable> createContentFunc, double timeBeforeLoad)
-                => new DelayedLoadWrapper(createContentFunc, timeBeforeLoad);
+                => new DelayedLoadWrapper(createContentFunc(), timeBeforeLoad);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament/IO/TournamentStorage.cs b/osu.Game.Tournament/IO/TournamentStorage.cs
index 7c5f3e44a7..48cd45fdd4 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament/IO/TournamentStorage.cs
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament/IO/TournamentStorage.cs
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tournament.IO
             Logger.Log("Changing tournament storage: " + GetFullPath(string.Empty));
         }
 
-        public IEnumerable<string> ListTournaments() => AllTournaments.GetDirectories(string.Empty).OrderBy(directory => directory, StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
+        public IEnumerable<string> ListTournaments() => AllTournaments.GetDirectories(string.Empty).Order(StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game.Tournament/osu.Game.Tournament.csproj b/osu.Game.Tournament/osu.Game.Tournament.csproj
index ab67e490cd..c8578ac464 100644
--- a/osu.Game.Tournament/osu.Game.Tournament.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game.Tournament/osu.Game.Tournament.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Description>tools for tournaments.</Description>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Audio/Effects/AudioFilter.cs b/osu.Game/Audio/Effects/AudioFilter.cs
index 682ca4ca7b..c8673372d7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Audio/Effects/AudioFilter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Audio/Effects/AudioFilter.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using ManagedBass.Fx;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Mixing;
+using osu.Framework.Caching;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Audio.Effects
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Audio.Effects
 
         private bool isAttached;
 
+        private readonly Cached filterApplication = new Cached();
+
         private int cutoff;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Audio.Effects
                     return;
 
                 cutoff = value;
-                updateFilter(cutoff);
+                filterApplication.Invalidate();
             }
         }
 
@@ -61,6 +64,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Audio.Effects
             Cutoff = getInitialCutoff(type);
         }
 
+        protected override void Update()
+        {
+            base.Update();
+
+            if (!filterApplication.IsValid)
+            {
+                updateFilter(cutoff);
+                filterApplication.Validate();
+            }
+        }
+
         private int getInitialCutoff(BQFType type)
         {
             switch (type)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/APIBeatmapMetadataSource.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/APIBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2eebe6161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/APIBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using osu.Game.Database;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs online metadata lookups using the osu-web API.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class APIBeatmapMetadataSource : IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource
+    {
+        private readonly IAPIProvider api;
+
+        public APIBeatmapMetadataSource(IAPIProvider api)
+        {
+            this.api = api;
+        }
+
+        public bool Available => api.State.Value == APIState.Online;
+
+        public bool TryLookup(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, out OnlineBeatmapMetadata? onlineMetadata)
+        {
+            if (!Available)
+            {
+                onlineMetadata = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet != null);
+
+            var req = new GetBeatmapRequest(beatmapInfo);
+
+            try
+            {
+                // intentionally blocking to limit web request concurrency
+                api.Perform(req);
+
+                if (req.CompletionState == APIRequestCompletionState.Failed)
+                {
+                    logForModel(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet, $@"Online retrieval failed for {beatmapInfo}");
+                    onlineMetadata = null;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                var res = req.Response;
+
+                if (res != null)
+                {
+                    logForModel(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet, $@"Online retrieval mapped {beatmapInfo} to {res.OnlineBeatmapSetID} / {res.OnlineID}.");
+
+                    onlineMetadata = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+                    {
+                        BeatmapID = res.OnlineID,
+                        BeatmapSetID = res.OnlineBeatmapSetID,
+                        AuthorID = res.AuthorID,
+                        BeatmapStatus = res.Status,
+                        BeatmapSetStatus = res.BeatmapSet?.Status,
+                        DateRanked = res.BeatmapSet?.Ranked,
+                        DateSubmitted = res.BeatmapSet?.Submitted,
+                        MD5Hash = res.MD5Hash,
+                        LastUpdated = res.LastUpdated
+                    };
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logForModel(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet, $@"Online retrieval failed for {beatmapInfo} ({e.Message})");
+                onlineMetadata = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            onlineMetadata = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void logForModel(BeatmapSetInfo set, string message) =>
+            RealmArchiveModelImporter<BeatmapSetInfo>.LogForModel(set, $@"[{nameof(APIBeatmapMetadataSource)}] {message}");
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapImporter.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapImporter.cs
index 7bb52eef52..5ff3ab64b2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapImporter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapImporter.cs
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
             if (!base.CanReuseExisting(existing, import))
                 return false;
 
-            var existingIds = existing.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineID).OrderBy(i => i);
-            var importIds = import.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineID).OrderBy(i => i);
+            var existingIds = existing.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineID).Order();
+            var importIds = import.Beatmaps.Select(b => b.OnlineID).Order();
 
             // force re-import if we are not in a sane state.
             return existing.OnlineID == import.OnlineID && existingIds.SequenceEqual(importIds);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapPanelBackgroundTextureLoaderStore.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapPanelBackgroundTextureLoaderStore.cs
index acd60b664d..128e100e4b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapPanelBackgroundTextureLoaderStore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapPanelBackgroundTextureLoaderStore.cs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
 
         private TextureUpload limitTextureUploadSize(TextureUpload textureUpload)
         {
-            var image = Image.LoadPixelData(textureUpload.Data.ToArray(), textureUpload.Width, textureUpload.Height);
+            var image = Image.LoadPixelData(textureUpload.Data, textureUpload.Width, textureUpload.Height);
 
             // The original texture upload will no longer be returned or used.
             textureUpload.Dispose();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup.cs
index fac91c23f5..f395718a93 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup.cs
@@ -1,62 +1,32 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
-using osu.Framework.Development;
-using osu.Framework.IO.Network;
-using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
-using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
-using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
-using SharpCompress.Compressors;
-using SharpCompress.Compressors.BZip2;
-using SQLitePCL;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// A component which handles population of online IDs for beatmaps using a two part lookup procedure.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// On creating the component, a copy of a database containing metadata for a large subset of beatmaps (stored to <see cref="cache_database_name"/>) will be downloaded if not already present locally.
-    /// This will always be checked before doing a second online query to get required metadata.
-    /// </remarks>
     public class BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup : IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly IAPIProvider api;
-        private readonly Storage storage;
-
-        private FileWebRequest cacheDownloadRequest;
-
-        private const string cache_database_name = "online.db";
+        private readonly IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource apiMetadataSource;
+        private readonly IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource localCachedMetadataSource;
 
         public BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup(IAPIProvider api, Storage storage)
+            : this(new APIBeatmapMetadataSource(api), new LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource(storage))
         {
-            try
-            {
-                // required to initialise native SQLite libraries on some platforms.
-                Batteries_V2.Init();
-                raw.sqlite3_config(2 /*SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD*/);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                // may fail if platform not supported.
-            }
+        }
 
-            this.api = api;
-            this.storage = storage;
-
-            // avoid downloading / using cache for unit tests.
-            if (!DebugUtils.IsNUnitRunning && !storage.Exists(cache_database_name))
-                prepareLocalCache();
+        internal BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup(IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource apiMetadataSource, IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource localCachedMetadataSource)
+        {
+            this.apiMetadataSource = apiMetadataSource;
+            this.localCachedMetadataSource = localCachedMetadataSource;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -69,205 +39,96 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
         /// <param name="preferOnlineFetch">Whether metadata from an online source should be preferred. If <c>true</c>, the local cache will be skipped to ensure the freshest data state possible.</param>
         public void Update(BeatmapSetInfo beatmapSet, bool preferOnlineFetch)
         {
-            foreach (var b in beatmapSet.Beatmaps)
-                lookup(beatmapSet, b, preferOnlineFetch);
-        }
+            var lookupResults = new List<OnlineBeatmapMetadata?>();
 
-        private void lookup(BeatmapSetInfo set, BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, bool preferOnlineFetch)
-        {
-            bool apiAvailable = api?.State.Value == APIState.Online;
-
-            bool useLocalCache = !apiAvailable || !preferOnlineFetch;
-
-            if (useLocalCache && checkLocalCache(set, beatmapInfo))
-                return;
-
-            if (!apiAvailable)
-                return;
-
-            var req = new GetBeatmapRequest(beatmapInfo);
-
-            try
+            foreach (var beatmapInfo in beatmapSet.Beatmaps)
             {
-                // intentionally blocking to limit web request concurrency
-                api.Perform(req);
+                if (!tryLookup(beatmapInfo, preferOnlineFetch, out var res))
+                    continue;
 
-                if (req.CompletionState == APIRequestCompletionState.Failed)
+                if (res == null || shouldDiscardLookupResult(res, beatmapInfo))
                 {
-                    logForModel(set, $"Online retrieval failed for {beatmapInfo}");
                     beatmapInfo.ResetOnlineInfo();
-                    return;
+                    lookupResults.Add(null); // mark lookup failure
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                var res = req.Response;
+                lookupResults.Add(res);
 
-                if (res != null)
+                beatmapInfo.OnlineID = res.BeatmapID;
+                beatmapInfo.OnlineMD5Hash = res.MD5Hash;
+                beatmapInfo.LastOnlineUpdate = res.LastUpdated;
+
+                Debug.Assert(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet != null);
+                beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.OnlineID = res.BeatmapSetID;
+
+                // Some metadata should only be applied if there's no local changes.
+                if (beatmapInfo.MatchesOnlineVersion)
                 {
-                    beatmapInfo.OnlineID = res.OnlineID;
-                    beatmapInfo.OnlineMD5Hash = res.MD5Hash;
-                    beatmapInfo.LastOnlineUpdate = res.LastUpdated;
-
-                    Debug.Assert(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet != null);
-                    beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.OnlineID = res.OnlineBeatmapSetID;
-
-                    // Some metadata should only be applied if there's no local changes.
-                    if (shouldSaveOnlineMetadata(beatmapInfo))
-                    {
-                        beatmapInfo.Status = res.Status;
-                        beatmapInfo.Metadata.Author.OnlineID = res.AuthorID;
-                    }
-
-                    if (beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Beatmaps.All(shouldSaveOnlineMetadata))
-                    {
-                        beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Status = res.BeatmapSet?.Status ?? BeatmapOnlineStatus.None;
-                        beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.DateRanked = res.BeatmapSet?.Ranked;
-                        beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.DateSubmitted = res.BeatmapSet?.Submitted;
-                    }
-
-                    logForModel(set, $"Online retrieval mapped {beatmapInfo} to {res.OnlineBeatmapSetID} / {res.OnlineID}.");
+                    beatmapInfo.Status = res.BeatmapStatus;
+                    beatmapInfo.Metadata.Author.OnlineID = res.AuthorID;
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception e)
+
+            if (beatmapSet.Beatmaps.All(b => b.MatchesOnlineVersion)
+                && lookupResults.All(r => r != null)
+                && lookupResults.Select(r => r!.BeatmapSetID).Distinct().Count() == 1)
             {
-                logForModel(set, $"Online retrieval failed for {beatmapInfo} ({e.Message})");
-                beatmapInfo.ResetOnlineInfo();
+                var representative = lookupResults.First()!;
+
+                beatmapSet.Status = representative.BeatmapSetStatus ?? BeatmapOnlineStatus.None;
+                beatmapSet.DateRanked = representative.DateRanked;
+                beatmapSet.DateSubmitted = representative.DateSubmitted;
             }
         }
 
-        private void prepareLocalCache()
+        private bool shouldDiscardLookupResult(OnlineBeatmapMetadata result, BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
         {
-            string cacheFilePath = storage.GetFullPath(cache_database_name);
-            string compressedCacheFilePath = $"{cacheFilePath}.bz2";
+            if (beatmapInfo.OnlineID > 0 && result.BeatmapID != beatmapInfo.OnlineID)
+                return true;
 
-            cacheDownloadRequest = new FileWebRequest(compressedCacheFilePath, $"https://assets.ppy.sh/client-resources/{cache_database_name}.bz2?{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:yyyyMMdd}");
-
-            cacheDownloadRequest.Failed += ex =>
-            {
-                File.Delete(compressedCacheFilePath);
-                File.Delete(cacheFilePath);
-
-                Logger.Log($"{nameof(BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup)}'s online cache download failed: {ex}", LoggingTarget.Database);
-            };
-
-            cacheDownloadRequest.Finished += () =>
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    using (var stream = File.OpenRead(cacheDownloadRequest.Filename))
-                    using (var outStream = File.OpenWrite(cacheFilePath))
-                    using (var bz2 = new BZip2Stream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, false))
-                        bz2.CopyTo(outStream);
-
-                    // set to null on completion to allow lookups to begin using the new source
-                    cacheDownloadRequest = null;
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    Logger.Log($"{nameof(BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup)}'s online cache extraction failed: {ex}", LoggingTarget.Database);
-                    File.Delete(cacheFilePath);
-                }
-                finally
-                {
-                    File.Delete(compressedCacheFilePath);
-                }
-            };
-
-            Task.Run(async () =>
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    await cacheDownloadRequest.PerformAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // Prevent throwing unobserved exceptions, as they will be logged from the network request to the log file anyway.
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        private bool checkLocalCache(BeatmapSetInfo set, BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo)
-        {
-            // download is in progress (or was, and failed).
-            if (cacheDownloadRequest != null)
-                return false;
-
-            // database is unavailable.
-            if (!storage.Exists(cache_database_name))
-                return false;
-
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(beatmapInfo.MD5Hash)
-                && string.IsNullOrEmpty(beatmapInfo.Path)
-                && beatmapInfo.OnlineID <= 0)
-                return false;
-
-            try
-            {
-                using (var db = new SqliteConnection(string.Concat("Data Source=", storage.GetFullPath($@"{"online.db"}", true))))
-                {
-                    db.Open();
-
-                    using (var cmd = db.CreateCommand())
-                    {
-                        cmd.CommandText =
-                            "SELECT beatmapset_id, beatmap_id, approved, user_id, checksum, last_update FROM osu_beatmaps WHERE checksum = @MD5Hash OR beatmap_id = @OnlineID OR filename = @Path";
-
-                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter("@MD5Hash", beatmapInfo.MD5Hash));
-                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter("@OnlineID", beatmapInfo.OnlineID));
-                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter("@Path", beatmapInfo.Path));
-
-                        using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
-                        {
-                            if (reader.Read())
-                            {
-                                var status = (BeatmapOnlineStatus)reader.GetByte(2);
-
-                                // Some metadata should only be applied if there's no local changes.
-                                if (shouldSaveOnlineMetadata(beatmapInfo))
-                                {
-                                    beatmapInfo.Status = status;
-                                    beatmapInfo.Metadata.Author.OnlineID = reader.GetInt32(3);
-                                }
-
-                                // TODO: DateSubmitted and DateRanked are not provided by local cache.
-                                beatmapInfo.OnlineID = reader.GetInt32(1);
-                                beatmapInfo.OnlineMD5Hash = reader.GetString(4);
-                                beatmapInfo.LastOnlineUpdate = reader.GetDateTimeOffset(5);
-
-                                Debug.Assert(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet != null);
-                                beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.OnlineID = reader.GetInt32(0);
-
-                                if (beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Beatmaps.All(shouldSaveOnlineMetadata))
-                                {
-                                    beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet.Status = status;
-                                }
-
-                                logForModel(set, $"Cached local retrieval for {beatmapInfo}.");
-                                return true;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                logForModel(set, $"Cached local retrieval for {beatmapInfo} failed with {ex}.");
-            }
+            if (beatmapInfo.OnlineID == -1 && result.MD5Hash != beatmapInfo.MD5Hash)
+                return true;
 
             return false;
         }
 
-        private void logForModel(BeatmapSetInfo set, string message) =>
-            RealmArchiveModelImporter<BeatmapSetInfo>.LogForModel(set, $"[{nameof(BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup)}] {message}");
-
         /// <summary>
-        /// Check whether the provided beatmap is in a state where online "ranked" status metadata should be saved against it.
-        /// Handles the case where a user may have locally modified a beatmap in the editor and expects the local status to stick.
+        /// Attempts to retrieve the <see cref="OnlineBeatmapMetadata"/> for the given <paramref name="beatmapInfo"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        private static bool shouldSaveOnlineMetadata(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo) => beatmapInfo.MatchesOnlineVersion || beatmapInfo.Status != BeatmapOnlineStatus.LocallyModified;
+        /// <param name="beatmapInfo">The beatmap to perform the online lookup for.</param>
+        /// <param name="preferOnlineFetch">Whether online sources should be preferred for the lookup.</param>
+        /// <param name="result">The result of the lookup. Can be <see langword="null"/> if no matching beatmap was found (or the lookup failed).</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// <see langword="true"/> if any of the metadata sources were available and returned a valid <paramref name="result"/>.
+        /// <see langword="false"/> if none of the metadata sources were available, or if there was insufficient data to return a valid <paramref name="result"/>.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// There are two cases wherein this method will return <see langword="false"/>:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item>If neither the local cache or the API are available to query.</item>
+        /// <item>If the API is not available to query, and a positive match was not made in the local cache.</item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// In either case, the online ID read from the .osu file will be preserved, which may not necessarily be what we want.
+        /// TODO: reconsider this if/when a better flow for queueing online retrieval is implemented.
+        /// </remarks>
+        private bool tryLookup(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, bool preferOnlineFetch, out OnlineBeatmapMetadata? result)
+        {
+            bool useLocalCache = !apiMetadataSource.Available || !preferOnlineFetch;
+            if (useLocalCache && localCachedMetadataSource.TryLookup(beatmapInfo, out result))
+                return true;
+
+            if (apiMetadataSource.TryLookup(beatmapInfo, out result))
+                return true;
+
+            result = null;
+            return false;
+        }
 
         public void Dispose()
         {
-            cacheDownloadRequest?.Dispose();
+            apiMetadataSource.Dispose();
+            localCachedMetadataSource.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/ControlPoints/EffectControlPoint.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/ControlPoints/EffectControlPoint.cs
index 7edf892f35..0138ac7569 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/ControlPoints/EffectControlPoint.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/ControlPoints/EffectControlPoint.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps.ControlPoints
         /// </summary>
         public readonly BindableDouble ScrollSpeedBindable = new BindableDouble(1)
         {
-            Precision = 0.01,
             MinValue = 0.01,
             MaxValue = 10
         };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Drawables/DifficultyIcon.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Drawables/DifficultyIcon.cs
index 1665ec52fa..eecf79aa34 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Drawables/DifficultyIcon.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Drawables/DifficultyIcon.cs
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps.Drawables
                     EdgeEffect = new EdgeEffectParameters
                     {
                         Colour = Color4.Black.Opacity(0.06f),
-
                         Type = EdgeEffectType.Shadow,
                         Radius = 3,
                     },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapDecoder.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapDecoder.cs
index 1ee4670ae2..386dada328 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapDecoder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/Formats/LegacyBeatmapDecoder.cs
@@ -567,10 +567,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats
             for (int i = pendingControlPoints.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
             {
                 var type = pendingControlPoints[i].GetType();
-                if (pendingControlPointTypes.Contains(type))
+                if (!pendingControlPointTypes.Add(type))
                     continue;
 
-                pendingControlPointTypes.Add(type);
                 beatmap.ControlPointInfo.Add(pendingControlPointsTime, pendingControlPoints[i]);
             }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/FramedBeatmapClock.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/FramedBeatmapClock.cs
index 587e6bbeed..49dff96ff1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/FramedBeatmapClock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/FramedBeatmapClock.cs
@@ -27,14 +27,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
     {
         private readonly bool applyOffsets;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The total frequency adjustment from pause transforms. Should eventually be handled in a better way.
-        /// </summary>
-        public readonly BindableDouble ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust = new BindableDouble(1);
-
         private readonly OffsetCorrectionClock? userGlobalOffsetClock;
         private readonly OffsetCorrectionClock? platformOffsetClock;
-        private readonly OffsetCorrectionClock? userBeatmapOffsetClock;
+        private readonly FramedOffsetClock? userBeatmapOffsetClock;
 
         private readonly IFrameBasedClock finalClockSource;
 
@@ -69,13 +64,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
             {
                 // Audio timings in general with newer BASS versions don't match stable.
                 // This only seems to be required on windows. We need to eventually figure out why, with a bit of luck.
-                platformOffsetClock = new OffsetCorrectionClock(interpolatedTrack, ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust) { Offset = RuntimeInfo.OS == RuntimeInfo.Platform.Windows ? 15 : 0 };
+                platformOffsetClock = new OffsetCorrectionClock(interpolatedTrack) { Offset = RuntimeInfo.OS == RuntimeInfo.Platform.Windows ? 15 : 0 };
 
                 // User global offset (set in settings) should also be applied.
-                userGlobalOffsetClock = new OffsetCorrectionClock(platformOffsetClock, ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust);
+                userGlobalOffsetClock = new OffsetCorrectionClock(platformOffsetClock);
 
                 // User per-beatmap offset will be applied to this final clock.
-                finalClockSource = userBeatmapOffsetClock = new OffsetCorrectionClock(userGlobalOffsetClock, ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust);
+                finalClockSource = userBeatmapOffsetClock = new FramedOffsetClock(userGlobalOffsetClock);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -127,7 +122,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
                 Debug.Assert(userBeatmapOffsetClock != null);
                 Debug.Assert(platformOffsetClock != null);
 
-                return userGlobalOffsetClock.RateAdjustedOffset + userBeatmapOffsetClock.RateAdjustedOffset + platformOffsetClock.RateAdjustedOffset;
+                return userGlobalOffsetClock.RateAdjustedOffset + userBeatmapOffsetClock.Offset + platformOffsetClock.RateAdjustedOffset;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IBeatmap.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IBeatmap.cs
index d97eb00d7e..b5bb6ccafc 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IBeatmap.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IBeatmap.cs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
 
             static void addCombo(HitObject hitObject, ref int combo)
             {
-                if (hitObject.CreateJudgement().MaxResult.AffectsCombo())
+                if (hitObject.Judgement.MaxResult.AffectsCombo())
                     combo++;
 
                 foreach (var nested in hitObject.NestedHitObjects)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bf5381f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unifying interface for sources of <see cref="OnlineBeatmapMetadata"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether this source can currently service lookups.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool Available { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Looks up the online metadata for the supplied <paramref name="beatmapInfo"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="beatmapInfo">The <see cref="BeatmapInfo"/> to look up.</param>
+        /// <param name="onlineMetadata">
+        /// An <see cref="OnlineBeatmapMetadata"/> instance if the lookup is successful.
+        /// <see langword="null"/> if a mismatch between the local instance and the looked-up data was detected.
+        /// The returned value is only valid if the return value of the method is <see langword="true"/>.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Whether the lookup was performed.
+        /// </returns>
+        bool TryLookup(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, out OnlineBeatmapMetadata? onlineMetadata);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f93c32283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
+using osu.Framework.Development;
+using osu.Framework.IO.Network;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Database;
+using SharpCompress.Compressors;
+using SharpCompress.Compressors.BZip2;
+using SQLitePCL;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs online metadata lookups using a copy of a database containing metadata for a large subset of beatmaps (stored to <see cref="cache_database_name"/>).
+    /// The database will be asynchronously downloaded - if not already present locally - when this component is constructed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource : IOnlineBeatmapMetadataSource
+    {
+        private readonly Storage storage;
+
+        private FileWebRequest? cacheDownloadRequest;
+
+        private const string cache_database_name = @"online.db";
+
+        public LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource(Storage storage)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // required to initialise native SQLite libraries on some platforms.
+                Batteries_V2.Init();
+                raw.sqlite3_config(2 /*SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD*/);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // may fail if platform not supported.
+            }
+
+            this.storage = storage;
+
+            // avoid downloading / using cache for unit tests.
+            if (!DebugUtils.IsNUnitRunning && !storage.Exists(cache_database_name))
+                prepareLocalCache();
+        }
+
+        public bool Available =>
+            // no download in progress.
+            cacheDownloadRequest == null
+            // cached database exists on disk.
+            && storage.Exists(cache_database_name);
+
+        public bool TryLookup(BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, out OnlineBeatmapMetadata? onlineMetadata)
+        {
+            if (!Available)
+            {
+                onlineMetadata = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(beatmapInfo.MD5Hash)
+                && string.IsNullOrEmpty(beatmapInfo.Path)
+                && beatmapInfo.OnlineID <= 0)
+            {
+                onlineMetadata = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet != null);
+
+            try
+            {
+                using (var db = new SqliteConnection(string.Concat(@"Data Source=", storage.GetFullPath(@"online.db", true))))
+                {
+                    db.Open();
+
+                    using (var cmd = db.CreateCommand())
+                    {
+                        cmd.CommandText =
+                            @"SELECT beatmapset_id, beatmap_id, approved, user_id, checksum, last_update FROM osu_beatmaps WHERE checksum = @MD5Hash OR beatmap_id = @OnlineID OR filename = @Path";
+
+                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter(@"@MD5Hash", beatmapInfo.MD5Hash));
+                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter(@"@OnlineID", beatmapInfo.OnlineID));
+                        cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqliteParameter(@"@Path", beatmapInfo.Path));
+
+                        using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
+                        {
+                            if (reader.Read())
+                            {
+                                logForModel(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet, $@"Cached local retrieval for {beatmapInfo}.");
+
+                                onlineMetadata = new OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+                                {
+                                    BeatmapSetID = reader.GetInt32(0),
+                                    BeatmapID = reader.GetInt32(1),
+                                    BeatmapStatus = (BeatmapOnlineStatus)reader.GetByte(2),
+                                    BeatmapSetStatus = (BeatmapOnlineStatus)reader.GetByte(2),
+                                    AuthorID = reader.GetInt32(3),
+                                    MD5Hash = reader.GetString(4),
+                                    LastUpdated = reader.GetDateTimeOffset(5),
+                                    // TODO: DateSubmitted and DateRanked are not provided by local cache.
+                                };
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logForModel(beatmapInfo.BeatmapSet, $@"Cached local retrieval for {beatmapInfo} failed with {ex}.");
+                onlineMetadata = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            onlineMetadata = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void prepareLocalCache()
+        {
+            string cacheFilePath = storage.GetFullPath(cache_database_name);
+            string compressedCacheFilePath = $@"{cacheFilePath}.bz2";
+
+            cacheDownloadRequest = new FileWebRequest(compressedCacheFilePath, $@"https://assets.ppy.sh/client-resources/{cache_database_name}.bz2?{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:yyyyMMdd}");
+
+            cacheDownloadRequest.Failed += ex =>
+            {
+                File.Delete(compressedCacheFilePath);
+                File.Delete(cacheFilePath);
+
+                Logger.Log($@"{nameof(BeatmapUpdaterMetadataLookup)}'s online cache download failed: {ex}", LoggingTarget.Database);
+            };
+
+            cacheDownloadRequest.Finished += () =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    using (var stream = File.OpenRead(cacheDownloadRequest.Filename))
+                    using (var outStream = File.OpenWrite(cacheFilePath))
+                    using (var bz2 = new BZip2Stream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, false))
+                        bz2.CopyTo(outStream);
+
+                    // set to null on completion to allow lookups to begin using the new source
+                    cacheDownloadRequest = null;
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    Logger.Log($@"{nameof(LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource)}'s online cache extraction failed: {ex}", LoggingTarget.Database);
+                    File.Delete(cacheFilePath);
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    File.Delete(compressedCacheFilePath);
+                }
+            };
+
+            Task.Run(async () =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    await cacheDownloadRequest.PerformAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // Prevent throwing unobserved exceptions, as they will be logged from the network request to the log file anyway.
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        private void logForModel(BeatmapSetInfo set, string message) =>
+            RealmArchiveModelImporter<BeatmapSetInfo>.LogForModel(set, $@"[{nameof(LocalCachedBeatmapMetadataSource)}] {message}");
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            cacheDownloadRequest?.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/OnlineBeatmapMetadata.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/OnlineBeatmapMetadata.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8640883ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/OnlineBeatmapMetadata.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This structure contains parts of beatmap metadata which are involved with the online parts
+    /// of the game, and therefore must be treated with particular care.
+    /// This data is retrieved from trusted sources (such as osu-web API, or a locally downloaded sqlite snapshot
+    /// of osu-web metadata).
+    /// </summary>
+    public class OnlineBeatmapMetadata
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The online ID of the beatmap.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BeatmapID { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The online ID of the beatmap set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BeatmapSetID { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The online ID of the author.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int AuthorID { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The online status of the beatmap.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BeatmapOnlineStatus BeatmapStatus { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The online status of the associated beatmap set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BeatmapOnlineStatus? BeatmapSetStatus { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The rank date of the beatmap, if applicable and available.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTimeOffset? DateRanked { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The submission date of the beatmap, if available.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTimeOffset? DateSubmitted { get; init; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The MD5 hash of the beatmap. Used to verify integrity.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string MD5Hash { get; init; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The date when this metadata was last updated.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTimeOffset LastUpdated { get; init; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapCache.cs b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapCache.cs
index 2c500146c5..8af74d11d8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapCache.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Beatmaps/WorkingBeatmapCache.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering.Dummy;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
         ITrackStore IBeatmapResourceProvider.Tracks => trackStore;
         IRenderer IStorageResourceProvider.Renderer => host?.Renderer ?? new DummyRenderer();
         AudioManager IStorageResourceProvider.AudioManager => audioManager;
-        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null;
+        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null!;
         IResourceStore<byte[]> IStorageResourceProvider.Files => files;
         IResourceStore<byte[]> IStorageResourceProvider.Resources => resources;
         IResourceStore<TextureUpload> IStorageResourceProvider.CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => host?.CreateTextureLoaderStore(underlyingStore);
@@ -143,8 +144,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
                 {
                     string fileStorePath = BeatmapSetInfo.GetPathForFile(BeatmapInfo.Path);
 
-                    // TODO: check validity of file
-
                     var stream = GetStream(fileStorePath);
 
                     if (stream == null)
@@ -153,6 +152,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Beatmaps
                         return null;
                     }
 
+                    if (stream.ComputeMD5Hash() != BeatmapInfo.MD5Hash)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log($"Beatmap failed to load (file {BeatmapInfo.Path} does not have the expected hash).", level: LogLevel.Error);
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
                     using (var reader = new LineBufferedReader(stream))
                         return Decoder.GetDecoder<Beatmap>(reader).Decode(reader);
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Collections/CollectionDropdown.cs b/osu.Game/Collections/CollectionDropdown.cs
index 8d83ed3ec9..15dd644073 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Collections/CollectionDropdown.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Collections/CollectionDropdown.cs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Collections
             }
             else
             {
-                foreach (int i in changes.DeletedIndices)
+                foreach (int i in changes.DeletedIndices.OrderDescending())
                     filters.RemoveAt(i + 1);
 
                 foreach (int i in changes.InsertedIndices)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs b/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
index 23686db1f8..6b2cb4ee74 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Configuration/OsuConfigManager.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Mods.Input;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge.Components;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select.Filter;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.FadePlayfieldWhenHealthLow, true);
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.KeyOverlay, false);
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.ReplaySettingsOverlay, true);
+            SetDefault(OsuSetting.ReplayPlaybackControlsExpanded, true);
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.GameplayLeaderboard, true);
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.AlwaysPlayFirstComboBreak, true);
 
@@ -191,6 +193,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.EditorLimitedDistanceSnap, false);
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.EditorShowSpeedChanges, false);
 
+            SetDefault(OsuSetting.MultiplayerRoomFilter, RoomPermissionsFilter.All);
+
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.LastProcessedMetadataId, -1);
 
             SetDefault(OsuSetting.ComboColourNormalisationAmount, 0.2f, 0f, 1f, 0.01f);
@@ -418,10 +422,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Configuration
         ProfileCoverExpanded,
         EditorLimitedDistanceSnap,
         ReplaySettingsOverlay,
+        ReplayPlaybackControlsExpanded,
         AutomaticallyDownloadMissingBeatmaps,
         EditorShowSpeedChanges,
         TouchDisableGameplayTaps,
         ModSelectTextSearchStartsActive,
         UserOnlineStatus,
+        MultiplayerRoomFilter
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
similarity index 87%
rename from osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
rename to osu.Game/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
index fc7db13d41..be0c83bdb3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Database/BackgroundDataStoreProcessor.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 
-namespace osu.Game
+namespace osu.Game.Database
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Performs background updating of data stores at startup.
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@ namespace osu.Game
                 processBeatmapsWithMissingObjectCounts();
                 processScoresWithMissingStatistics();
                 convertLegacyTotalScoreToStandardised();
+                upgradeScoreRanks();
             }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning).ContinueWith(t =>
             {
                 if (t.Exception?.InnerException is ObjectDisposedException)
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ namespace osu.Game
                     realmAccess.Write(r =>
                     {
                         ScoreInfo s = r.Find<ScoreInfo>(id)!;
-                        StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.UpdateFromLegacy(s, beatmapManager);
+                        StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.UpdateFromLegacy(s, beatmapManager.GetWorkingBeatmap(s.BeatmapInfo));
                         s.TotalScoreVersion = LegacyScoreEncoder.LATEST_VERSION;
                     });
 
@@ -376,6 +376,66 @@ namespace osu.Game
             completeNotification(notification, processedCount, scoreIds.Count, failedCount);
         }
 
+        private void upgradeScoreRanks()
+        {
+            Logger.Log("Querying for scores that need rank upgrades...");
+
+            HashSet<Guid> scoreIds = realmAccess.Run(r => new HashSet<Guid>(
+                r.All<ScoreInfo>()
+                 .Where(s => s.TotalScoreVersion < LegacyScoreEncoder.LATEST_VERSION)
+                 .AsEnumerable()
+                 // must be done after materialisation, as realm doesn't support
+                 // filtering on nested property predicates or projection via `.Select()`
+                 .Where(s => s.Ruleset.IsLegacyRuleset())
+                 .Select(s => s.ID)));
+
+            Logger.Log($"Found {scoreIds.Count} scores which require rank upgrades.");
+
+            if (scoreIds.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            var notification = showProgressNotification(scoreIds.Count, "Adjusting ranks of scores", "scores now have more correct ranks");
+
+            int processedCount = 0;
+            int failedCount = 0;
+
+            foreach (var id in scoreIds)
+            {
+                if (notification?.State == ProgressNotificationState.Cancelled)
+                    break;
+
+                updateNotificationProgress(notification, processedCount, scoreIds.Count);
+
+                sleepIfRequired();
+
+                try
+                {
+                    // Can't use async overload because we're not on the update thread.
+                    // ReSharper disable once MethodHasAsyncOverload
+                    realmAccess.Write(r =>
+                    {
+                        ScoreInfo s = r.Find<ScoreInfo>(id)!;
+                        s.Rank = StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.ComputeRank(s);
+                        s.TotalScoreVersion = LegacyScoreEncoder.LATEST_VERSION;
+                    });
+
+                    ++processedCount;
+                }
+                catch (ObjectDisposedException)
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    Logger.Log($"Failed to update rank score {id}: {e}");
+                    realmAccess.Write(r => r.Find<ScoreInfo>(id)!.BackgroundReprocessingFailed = true);
+                    ++failedCount;
+                }
+            }
+
+            completeNotification(notification, processedCount, scoreIds.Count, failedCount);
+        }
+
         private void updateNotificationProgress(ProgressNotification? notification, int processedCount, int totalCount)
         {
             if (notification == null)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Database/RealmArchiveModelImporter.cs b/osu.Game/Database/RealmArchiveModelImporter.cs
index 5383040eb4..bc4954c6ea 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Database/RealmArchiveModelImporter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Database/RealmArchiveModelImporter.cs
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
                     // note that this should really be checking filesizes on disk (of existing files) for some degree of sanity.
                     // or alternatively doing a faster hash check. either of these require database changes and reprocessing of existing files.
                     if (CanSkipImport(existing, item) &&
-                        getFilenames(existing.Files).SequenceEqual(getShortenedFilenames(archive).Select(p => p.shortened).OrderBy(f => f)) &&
+                        getFilenames(existing.Files).SequenceEqual(getShortenedFilenames(archive).Select(p => p.shortened).Order()) &&
                         checkAllFilesExist(existing))
                     {
                         LogForModel(item, @$"Found existing (optimised) {HumanisedModelName} for {item} (ID {existing.ID}) – skipping import.");
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         {
             MemoryStream hashable = new MemoryStream();
 
-            foreach (string? file in reader.Filenames.Where(f => HashableFileTypes.Any(ext => f.EndsWith(ext, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))).OrderBy(f => f))
+            foreach (string? file in reader.Filenames.Where(f => HashableFileTypes.Any(ext => f.EndsWith(ext, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))).Order())
             {
                 using (Stream s = reader.GetStream(file))
                     s.CopyTo(hashable);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs b/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
index 8c73806cb5..403e73ab77 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Database/StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.cs
@@ -232,42 +232,60 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Updates a legacy <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> to standardised scoring.
+        /// Updates a <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> to standardised scoring.
+        /// This will recompite the score's <see cref="ScoreInfo.Accuracy"/> (always), <see cref="ScoreInfo.Rank"/> (always),
+        /// and <see cref="ScoreInfo.TotalScore"/> (if the score comes from stable).
+        /// The total score from stable - if any applicable - will be stored to <see cref="ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="score">The score to update.</param>
-        /// <param name="beatmaps">A <see cref="BeatmapManager"/> used for <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> lookups.</param>
-        public static void UpdateFromLegacy(ScoreInfo score, BeatmapManager beatmaps)
+        /// <param name="beatmap">The <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> applicable for this score.</param>
+        public static void UpdateFromLegacy(ScoreInfo score, WorkingBeatmap beatmap)
         {
-            score.TotalScore = convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, beatmaps);
-            score.Accuracy = ComputeAccuracy(score);
+            var ruleset = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance();
+            var scoreProcessor = ruleset.CreateScoreProcessor();
+
+            // warning: ordering is important here - both total score and ranks are dependent on accuracy!
+            score.Accuracy = computeAccuracy(score, scoreProcessor);
+            score.Rank = computeRank(score, scoreProcessor);
+            score.TotalScore = convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, ruleset, beatmap);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Updates a legacy <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> to standardised scoring.
+        /// Updates a <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> to standardised scoring.
+        /// This will recompute the score's <see cref="ScoreInfo.Accuracy"/> (always), <see cref="ScoreInfo.Rank"/> (always),
+        /// and <see cref="ScoreInfo.TotalScore"/> (if the score comes from stable).
+        /// The total score from stable - if any applicable - will be stored to <see cref="ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore"/>.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This overload is intended for server-side flows.
+        /// See: https://github.com/ppy/osu-queue-score-statistics/blob/3681e92ac91c6c61922094bdbc7e92e6217dd0fc/osu.Server.Queues.ScoreStatisticsProcessor/Commands/Queue/BatchInserter.cs
+        /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="score">The score to update.</param>
+        /// <param name="ruleset">The <see cref="Ruleset"/> in which the score was set.</param>
         /// <param name="difficulty">The beatmap difficulty.</param>
         /// <param name="attributes">The legacy scoring attributes for the beatmap which the score was set on.</param>
-        public static void UpdateFromLegacy(ScoreInfo score, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, LegacyScoreAttributes attributes)
+        public static void UpdateFromLegacy(ScoreInfo score, Ruleset ruleset, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, LegacyScoreAttributes attributes)
         {
-            score.TotalScore = convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, difficulty, attributes);
-            score.Accuracy = ComputeAccuracy(score);
+            var scoreProcessor = ruleset.CreateScoreProcessor();
+
+            // warning: ordering is important here - both total score and ranks are dependent on accuracy!
+            score.Accuracy = computeAccuracy(score, scoreProcessor);
+            score.Rank = computeRank(score, scoreProcessor);
+            score.TotalScore = convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, ruleset, difficulty, attributes);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Converts from <see cref="ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore"/> to the new standardised scoring of <see cref="ScoreProcessor"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="score">The score to convert the total score of.</param>
-        /// <param name="beatmaps">A <see cref="BeatmapManager"/> used for <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> lookups.</param>
+        /// <param name="ruleset">The <see cref="Ruleset"/> in which the score was set.</param>
+        /// <param name="beatmap">The <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/> applicable for this score.</param>
         /// <returns>The standardised total score.</returns>
-        private static long convertFromLegacyTotalScore(ScoreInfo score, BeatmapManager beatmaps)
+        private static long convertFromLegacyTotalScore(ScoreInfo score, Ruleset ruleset, WorkingBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             if (!score.IsLegacyScore)
                 return score.TotalScore;
 
-            WorkingBeatmap beatmap = beatmaps.GetWorkingBeatmap(score.BeatmapInfo);
-            Ruleset ruleset = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance();
-
             if (ruleset is not ILegacyRuleset legacyRuleset)
                 return score.TotalScore;
 
@@ -283,24 +301,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             ILegacyScoreSimulator sv1Simulator = legacyRuleset.CreateLegacyScoreSimulator();
             LegacyScoreAttributes attributes = sv1Simulator.Simulate(beatmap, playableBeatmap);
 
-            return convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo.FromBeatmap(beatmap.Beatmap), attributes);
+            return convertFromLegacyTotalScore(score, ruleset, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo.FromBeatmap(beatmap.Beatmap), attributes);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Converts from <see cref="ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore"/> to the new standardised scoring of <see cref="ScoreProcessor"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="score">The score to convert the total score of.</param>
+        /// <param name="ruleset">The <see cref="Ruleset"/> in which the score was set.</param>
         /// <param name="difficulty">The beatmap difficulty.</param>
         /// <param name="attributes">The legacy scoring attributes for the beatmap which the score was set on.</param>
         /// <returns>The standardised total score.</returns>
-        private static long convertFromLegacyTotalScore(ScoreInfo score, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, LegacyScoreAttributes attributes)
+        private static long convertFromLegacyTotalScore(ScoreInfo score, Ruleset ruleset, LegacyBeatmapConversionDifficultyInfo difficulty, LegacyScoreAttributes attributes)
         {
             if (!score.IsLegacyScore)
                 return score.TotalScore;
 
             Debug.Assert(score.LegacyTotalScore != null);
 
-            Ruleset ruleset = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance();
             if (ruleset is not ILegacyRuleset legacyRuleset)
                 return score.TotalScore;
 
@@ -474,14 +492,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
                     break;
 
                 case 3:
-                    // in the mania case accuracy actually changes between score V1 and score V2 / standardised
-                    // (PERFECT weighting changes from 300 to 305),
-                    // so for better accuracy recompute accuracy locally based on hit statistics and use that instead,
-                    double scoreV2Accuracy = ComputeAccuracy(score);
-
                     convertedTotalScore = (long)Math.Round((
                         850000 * comboProportion
-                        + 150000 * Math.Pow(scoreV2Accuracy, 2 + 2 * scoreV2Accuracy)
+                        + 150000 * Math.Pow(score.Accuracy, 2 + 2 * score.Accuracy)
                         + bonusProportion) * modMultiplier);
                     break;
 
@@ -584,11 +597,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             }
         }
 
-        public static double ComputeAccuracy(ScoreInfo scoreInfo)
+        private static double computeAccuracy(ScoreInfo scoreInfo, ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
         {
-            Ruleset ruleset = scoreInfo.Ruleset.CreateInstance();
-            ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor = ruleset.CreateScoreProcessor();
-
             int baseScore = scoreInfo.Statistics.Where(kvp => kvp.Key.AffectsAccuracy())
                                      .Sum(kvp => kvp.Value * scoreProcessor.GetBaseScoreForResult(kvp.Key));
             int maxBaseScore = scoreInfo.MaximumStatistics.Where(kvp => kvp.Key.AffectsAccuracy())
@@ -597,6 +607,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Database
             return maxBaseScore == 0 ? 1 : baseScore / (double)maxBaseScore;
         }
 
+        public static ScoreRank ComputeRank(ScoreInfo scoreInfo) => computeRank(scoreInfo, scoreInfo.Ruleset.CreateInstance().CreateScoreProcessor());
+
+        private static ScoreRank computeRank(ScoreInfo scoreInfo, ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
+        {
+            var rank = scoreProcessor.RankFromScore(scoreInfo.Accuracy, scoreInfo.Statistics);
+
+            foreach (var mod in scoreInfo.Mods.OfType<IApplicableToScoreProcessor>())
+                rank = mod.AdjustRank(rank, scoreInfo.Accuracy);
+
+            return rank;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Used to populate the <paramref name="score"/> model using data parsed from its corresponding replay file.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs b/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
index 98633958ee..1b224cfeb7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Extensions/TimeDisplayExtensions.cs
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Extensions
         /// <returns>A short relative string representing the input time.</returns>
         public static string ToShortRelativeTime(this DateTimeOffset time, TimeSpan lowerCutoff)
         {
-            if (time == default)
+            // covers all `DateTimeOffset` instances with the date portion of 0001-01-01.
+            if (time.Date == default)
                 return "-";
 
             var now = DateTime.Now;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/Triangles.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/Triangles.cs
index 1a78c1ec5e..e877915fac 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/Triangles.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/Triangles.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering.Vertices;
 using osu.Framework.Lists;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 
@@ -78,10 +77,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// If enabled, only the portion of triangles that falls within this <see cref="Drawable"/>'s
-        /// shape is drawn to the screen.
+        /// Controls on which <see cref="Axes"/> the portion of triangles that falls within this <see cref="Drawable"/>'s
+        /// shape is drawn to the screen. Default is Axes.Both.
         /// </summary>
-        public bool Masking { get; set; }
+        public Axes ClampAxes { get; set; } = Axes.Both;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether we should drop-off alpha values of triangles more quickly to improve
@@ -258,13 +257,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 
             private IShader shader;
             private Texture texture;
-            private bool masking;
+            private Axes clampAxes;
 
             private readonly List<TriangleParticle> parts = new List<TriangleParticle>();
             private readonly Vector2 triangleSize = new Vector2(1f, equilateral_triangle_ratio) * triangle_size;
 
             private Vector2 size;
-            private IVertexBatch<TexturedVertex2D> vertexBatch;
 
             public TrianglesDrawNode(Triangles source)
                 : base(source)
@@ -278,7 +276,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                 shader = Source.shader;
                 texture = Source.texture;
                 size = Source.DrawSize;
-                masking = Source.Masking;
+                clampAxes = Source.ClampAxes;
 
                 parts.Clear();
                 parts.AddRange(Source.parts);
@@ -290,12 +288,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
             {
                 base.Draw(renderer);
 
-                if (Source.AimCount > 0 && (vertexBatch == null || vertexBatch.Size != Source.AimCount))
-                {
-                    vertexBatch?.Dispose();
-                    vertexBatch = renderer.CreateQuadBatch<TexturedVertex2D>(Source.AimCount, 1);
-                }
-
                 borderDataBuffer ??= renderer.CreateUniformBuffer<TriangleBorderData>();
                 borderDataBuffer.Data = borderDataBuffer.Data with
                 {
@@ -314,7 +306,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 
                     Vector2 topLeft = particle.Position - new Vector2(relativeSize.X * 0.5f, 0f);
 
-                    Quad triangleQuad = masking ? clampToDrawable(topLeft, relativeSize) : new Quad(topLeft.X, topLeft.Y, relativeSize.X, relativeSize.Y);
+                    Quad triangleQuad = getClampedQuad(clampAxes, topLeft, relativeSize);
 
                     var drawQuad = new Quad(
                         Vector2Extensions.Transform(triangleQuad.TopLeft * size, DrawInfo.Matrix),
@@ -333,30 +325,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                         triangleQuad.Height
                     ) / relativeSize;
 
-                    renderer.DrawQuad(texture, drawQuad, colourInfo, new RectangleF(0, 0, 1, 1), vertexBatch.AddAction, textureCoords: textureCoords);
+                    renderer.DrawQuad(texture, drawQuad, colourInfo, new RectangleF(0, 0, 1, 1), textureCoords: textureCoords);
                 }
 
                 shader.Unbind();
             }
 
-            private static Quad clampToDrawable(Vector2 topLeft, Vector2 size)
+            private static Quad getClampedQuad(Axes clampAxes, Vector2 topLeft, Vector2 size)
             {
-                float leftClamped = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X, 0f, 1f);
-                float topClamped = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y, 0f, 1f);
+                Vector2 clampedTopLeft = topLeft;
 
-                return new Quad(
-                    leftClamped,
-                    topClamped,
-                    Math.Clamp(topLeft.X + size.X, 0f, 1f) - leftClamped,
-                    Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y + size.Y, 0f, 1f) - topClamped
-                );
+                if (clampAxes == Axes.X || clampAxes == Axes.Both)
+                {
+                    clampedTopLeft.X = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X, 0f, 1f);
+                    size.X = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X + size.X, 0f, 1f) - clampedTopLeft.X;
+                }
+
+                if (clampAxes == Axes.Y || clampAxes == Axes.Both)
+                {
+                    clampedTopLeft.Y = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y, 0f, 1f);
+                    size.Y = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y + size.Y, 0f, 1f) - clampedTopLeft.Y;
+                }
+
+                return new Quad(clampedTopLeft.X, clampedTopLeft.Y, size.X, size.Y);
             }
 
             protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
             {
                 base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
-                vertexBatch?.Dispose();
                 borderDataBuffer?.Dispose();
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/TrianglesV2.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/TrianglesV2.cs
index a20fd78569..4143a6d76d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/TrianglesV2.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Backgrounds/TrianglesV2.cs
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
-using osuTK;
 using System;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
-using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering.Vertices;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 {
@@ -28,16 +27,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 
         public float Thickness { get; set; } = 0.02f; // No need for invalidation since it's happening in Update()
 
+        public float ScaleAdjust { get; set; } = 1;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether we should create new triangles as others expire.
         /// </summary>
         protected virtual bool CreateNewTriangles => true;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// If enabled, only the portion of triangles that falls within this <see cref="Drawable"/>'s
-        /// shape is drawn to the screen.
+        /// Controls on which <see cref="Axes"/> the portion of triangles that falls within this <see cref="Drawable"/>'s
+        /// shape is drawn to the screen. Default is Axes.Both.
         /// </summary>
-        public bool Masking { get; set; }
+        public Axes ClampAxes { get; set; } = Axes.Both;
 
         private readonly BindableFloat spawnRatio = new BindableFloat(1f);
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 
                 parts[i] = newParticle;
 
-                float bottomPos = parts[i].Position.Y + triangle_size * equilateral_triangle_ratio / DrawHeight;
+                float bottomPos = parts[i].Position.Y + triangle_size * ScaleAdjust * equilateral_triangle_ratio / DrawHeight;
                 if (bottomPos < 0)
                     parts.RemoveAt(i);
             }
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
             if (randomY)
             {
                 // since triangles are drawn from the top - allow them to be positioned a bit above the screen
-                float maxOffset = triangle_size * equilateral_triangle_ratio / DrawHeight;
+                float maxOffset = triangle_size * ScaleAdjust * equilateral_triangle_ratio / DrawHeight;
                 y = Interpolation.ValueAt(nextRandom(), -maxOffset, 1f, 0f, 1f);
             }
 
@@ -189,14 +190,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
 
             private readonly List<TriangleParticle> parts = new List<TriangleParticle>();
 
-            private readonly Vector2 triangleSize = new Vector2(1f, equilateral_triangle_ratio) * triangle_size;
+            private Vector2 triangleSize;
 
             private Vector2 size;
             private float thickness;
             private float texelSize;
-            private bool masking;
-
-            private IVertexBatch<TexturedVertex2D>? vertexBatch;
+            private Axes clampAxes;
 
             public TrianglesDrawNode(TrianglesV2 source)
                 : base(source)
@@ -211,7 +210,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                 texture = Source.texture;
                 size = Source.DrawSize;
                 thickness = Source.Thickness;
-                masking = Source.Masking;
+                clampAxes = Source.ClampAxes;
+                triangleSize = new Vector2(1f, equilateral_triangle_ratio) * triangle_size * Source.ScaleAdjust;
 
                 Quad triangleQuad = new Quad(
                     Vector2Extensions.Transform(Vector2.Zero, DrawInfo.Matrix),
@@ -235,12 +235,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                 if (Source.AimCount == 0 || thickness == 0)
                     return;
 
-                if (vertexBatch == null || vertexBatch.Size != Source.AimCount)
-                {
-                    vertexBatch?.Dispose();
-                    vertexBatch = renderer.CreateQuadBatch<TexturedVertex2D>(Source.AimCount, 1);
-                }
-
                 borderDataBuffer ??= renderer.CreateUniformBuffer<TriangleBorderData>();
                 borderDataBuffer.Data = borderDataBuffer.Data with
                 {
@@ -257,7 +251,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                 {
                     Vector2 topLeft = particle.Position - new Vector2(relativeSize.X * 0.5f, 0f);
 
-                    Quad triangleQuad = masking ? clampToDrawable(topLeft, relativeSize) : new Quad(topLeft.X, topLeft.Y, relativeSize.X, relativeSize.Y);
+                    Quad triangleQuad = getClampedQuad(clampAxes, topLeft, relativeSize);
 
                     var drawQuad = new Quad(
                         Vector2Extensions.Transform(triangleQuad.TopLeft * size, DrawInfo.Matrix),
@@ -273,30 +267,35 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Backgrounds
                         triangleQuad.Height
                     ) / relativeSize;
 
-                    renderer.DrawQuad(texture, drawQuad, DrawColourInfo.Colour.Interpolate(triangleQuad), new RectangleF(0, 0, 1, 1), vertexBatch.AddAction, textureCoords: textureCoords);
+                    renderer.DrawQuad(texture, drawQuad, DrawColourInfo.Colour.Interpolate(triangleQuad), new RectangleF(0, 0, 1, 1), textureCoords: textureCoords);
                 }
 
                 shader.Unbind();
             }
 
-            private static Quad clampToDrawable(Vector2 topLeft, Vector2 size)
+            private static Quad getClampedQuad(Axes clampAxes, Vector2 topLeft, Vector2 size)
             {
-                float leftClamped = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X, 0f, 1f);
-                float topClamped = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y, 0f, 1f);
+                Vector2 clampedTopLeft = topLeft;
 
-                return new Quad(
-                    leftClamped,
-                    topClamped,
-                    Math.Clamp(topLeft.X + size.X, 0f, 1f) - leftClamped,
-                    Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y + size.Y, 0f, 1f) - topClamped
-                );
+                if (clampAxes == Axes.X || clampAxes == Axes.Both)
+                {
+                    clampedTopLeft.X = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X, 0f, 1f);
+                    size.X = Math.Clamp(topLeft.X + size.X, 0f, 1f) - clampedTopLeft.X;
+                }
+
+                if (clampAxes == Axes.Y || clampAxes == Axes.Both)
+                {
+                    clampedTopLeft.Y = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y, 0f, 1f);
+                    size.Y = Math.Clamp(topLeft.Y + size.Y, 0f, 1f) - clampedTopLeft.Y;
+                }
+
+                return new Quad(clampedTopLeft.X, clampedTopLeft.Y, size.X, size.Y);
             }
 
             protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
             {
                 base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
-                vertexBatch?.Dispose();
                 borderDataBuffer?.Dispose();
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/ConstrainedIconContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/ConstrainedIconContainer.cs
index 7722374c69..63ac84fcf7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/ConstrainedIconContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/ConstrainedIconContainer.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Effects;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
@@ -17,21 +16,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
         public Drawable Icon
         {
             get => InternalChild;
-
             set => InternalChild = value;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Determines an edge effect of this <see cref="Container"/>.
-        /// Edge effects are e.g. glow or a shadow.
-        /// Only has an effect when <see cref="CompositeDrawable.Masking"/> is true.
-        /// </summary>
-        public new EdgeEffectParameters EdgeEffect
-        {
-            get => base.EdgeEffect;
-            set => base.EdgeEffect = value;
-        }
-
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
@@ -49,10 +36,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
                 InternalChild.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
             }
         }
-
-        public ConstrainedIconContainer()
-        {
-            Masking = true;
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/LogoTrackingContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/LogoTrackingContainer.cs
index 08eae25951..13c672cbd6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/LogoTrackingContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/LogoTrackingContainer.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
     {
         public Facade LogoFacade => facade;
 
-        protected OsuLogo Logo { get; private set; }
+        protected OsuLogo? Logo { get; private set; }
 
         private readonly InternalFacade facade = new InternalFacade();
 
@@ -76,15 +74,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
         /// <remarks>Will only be correct if the logo's <see cref="Drawable.RelativePositionAxes"/> are set to Axes.Both</remarks>
         protected Vector2 ComputeLogoTrackingPosition()
         {
-            var absolutePos = Logo.Parent!.ToLocalSpace(LogoFacade.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre);
+            var absolutePos = Logo!.Parent!.ToLocalSpace(LogoFacade.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.Centre);
 
             return new Vector2(absolutePos.X / Logo.Parent!.RelativeToAbsoluteFactor.X,
                 absolutePos.Y / Logo.Parent!.RelativeToAbsoluteFactor.Y);
         }
 
-        protected override void Update()
+        protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
         {
-            base.Update();
+            base.UpdateAfterChildren();
 
             if (Logo == null)
                 return;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/SelectionCycleFillFlowContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/SelectionCycleFillFlowContainer.cs
index 62544c6111..098fd7b1ab 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/SelectionCycleFillFlowContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/SelectionCycleFillFlowContainer.cs
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         public override void Add(T drawable)
         {
-            base.Add(drawable);
-
             Debug.Assert(drawable != null);
 
+            base.Add(drawable);
+
             drawable.StateChanged += state => selectionChanged(drawable, state);
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/WaveContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/WaveContainer.cs
index 5abc66d2ac..2ae4dc5a76 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/WaveContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Containers/WaveContainer.cs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         protected override void PopIn()
         {
-            foreach (var w in wavesContainer.Children)
+            foreach (var w in wavesContainer)
                 w.Show();
 
             contentContainer.MoveToY(0, APPEAR_DURATION, Easing.OutQuint);
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Containers
 
         protected override void PopOut()
         {
-            foreach (var w in wavesContainer.Children)
+            foreach (var w in wavesContainer)
                 w.Hide();
 
             contentContainer.MoveToY(2, DISAPPEAR_DURATION, Easing.In);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
index 0d11d2d4ef..985898958c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/OsuColour.cs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
             {
                 case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
                 case HitResult.SmallTickMiss:
-                    return Orange1;
+                    return Color4.Gray;
 
                 case HitResult.Miss:
                 case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
 
                 case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
                 case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
                 case HitResult.Great:
                     return Blue;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/ScreenshotManager.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/ScreenshotManager.cs
index 26e499ae9a..a085558b3a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/ScreenshotManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/ScreenshotManager.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -24,6 +22,8 @@ using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics
 {
@@ -37,30 +37,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
         /// </summary>
         public IBindable<bool> CursorVisibility => cursorVisibility;
 
-        private Bindable<ScreenshotFormat> screenshotFormat;
-        private Bindable<bool> captureMenuCursor;
+        [Resolved]
+        private GameHost host { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private GameHost host { get; set; }
+        private Clipboard clipboard { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private Clipboard clipboard { get; set; }
-
-        private Storage storage;
+        private INotificationOverlay notificationOverlay { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private INotificationOverlay notificationOverlay { get; set; }
+        private OsuConfigManager config { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private Sample shutter;
+        private Storage storage = null!;
+
+        private Sample? shutter;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load(OsuConfigManager config, Storage storage, AudioManager audio)
+        private void load(Storage storage, AudioManager audio)
         {
             this.storage = storage.GetStorageForDirectory(@"screenshots");
-
-            screenshotFormat = config.GetBindable<ScreenshotFormat>(OsuSetting.ScreenshotFormat);
-            captureMenuCursor = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.ScreenshotCaptureMenuCursor);
-
             shutter = audio.Samples.Get("UI/shutter");
         }
 
@@ -72,7 +68,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
             switch (e.Action)
             {
                 case GlobalAction.TakeScreenshot:
-                    shutter.Play();
+                    shutter?.Play();
                     TakeScreenshotAsync().FireAndForget();
                     return true;
             }
@@ -90,9 +86,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
         {
             Interlocked.Increment(ref screenShotTasks);
 
+            ScreenshotFormat screenshotFormat = config.Get<ScreenshotFormat>(OsuSetting.ScreenshotFormat);
+            bool captureMenuCursor = config.Get<bool>(OsuSetting.ScreenshotCaptureMenuCursor);
+
             try
             {
-                if (!captureMenuCursor.Value)
+                if (!captureMenuCursor)
                 {
                     cursorVisibility.Value = false;
 
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
 
                     int framesWaited = 0;
 
-                    using (var framesWaitedEvent = new ManualResetEventSlim(false))
+                    using (ManualResetEventSlim framesWaitedEvent = new ManualResetEventSlim(false))
                     {
                         ScheduledDelegate waitDelegate = host.DrawThread.Scheduler.AddDelayed(() =>
                         {
@@ -117,17 +116,41 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
                     }
                 }
 
-                using (var image = await host.TakeScreenshotAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
+                using (Image<Rgba32>? image = await host.TakeScreenshotAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
                 {
+                    if (config.Get<ScalingMode>(OsuSetting.Scaling) == ScalingMode.Everything)
+                    {
+                        float posX = config.Get<float>(OsuSetting.ScalingPositionX);
+                        float posY = config.Get<float>(OsuSetting.ScalingPositionY);
+                        float sizeX = config.Get<float>(OsuSetting.ScalingSizeX);
+                        float sizeY = config.Get<float>(OsuSetting.ScalingSizeY);
+
+                        image.Mutate(m =>
+                        {
+                            Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(Point.Empty, m.GetCurrentSize());
+
+                            // Reduce size by user scale settings...
+                            int sx = (rect.Width - (int)(rect.Width * sizeX)) / 2;
+                            int sy = (rect.Height - (int)(rect.Height * sizeY)) / 2;
+                            rect.Inflate(-sx, -sy);
+
+                            // ...then adjust the region based on their positional offset.
+                            rect.X = (int)(rect.X * posX) * 2;
+                            rect.Y = (int)(rect.Y * posY) * 2;
+
+                            m.Crop(rect);
+                        });
+                    }
+
                     clipboard.SetImage(image);
 
-                    (string filename, var stream) = getWritableStream();
+                    (string? filename, Stream? stream) = getWritableStream(screenshotFormat);
 
                     if (filename == null) return;
 
                     using (stream)
                     {
-                        switch (screenshotFormat.Value)
+                        switch (screenshotFormat)
                         {
                             case ScreenshotFormat.Png:
                                 await image.SaveAsPngAsync(stream).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -140,7 +163,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
                                 break;
 
                             default:
-                                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown enum member {nameof(ScreenshotFormat)} {screenshotFormat.Value}.");
+                                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown enum member {nameof(ScreenshotFormat)} {screenshotFormat}.");
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -164,12 +187,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics
 
         private static readonly object filename_reservation_lock = new object();
 
-        private (string filename, Stream stream) getWritableStream()
+        private (string? filename, Stream? stream) getWritableStream(ScreenshotFormat format)
         {
             lock (filename_reservation_lock)
             {
-                var dt = DateTime.Now;
-                string fileExt = screenshotFormat.ToString().ToLowerInvariant();
+                DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
+                string fileExt = format.ToString().ToLowerInvariant();
 
                 string withoutIndex = $"osu_{dt:yyyy-MM-dd_HH-mm-ss}.{fileExt}";
                 if (!storage.Exists(withoutIndex))
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/GlowingSpriteText.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/GlowingSpriteText.cs
index 1355bfc272..669c5da01e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/GlowingSpriteText.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/GlowingSpriteText.cs
@@ -5,95 +5,90 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites
 {
-    public partial class GlowingSpriteText : Container, IHasText
+    public partial class GlowingSpriteText : BufferedContainer, IHasText
     {
-        private readonly OsuSpriteText spriteText, blurredText;
+        private const float blur_sigma = 3f;
+
+        // Inflate draw quad to prevent glow from trimming at the edges.
+        // Padding won't suffice since it will affect text position in cases when it's not centered.
+        protected override Quad ComputeScreenSpaceDrawQuad() => base.ComputeScreenSpaceDrawQuad().AABBFloat.Inflate(Blur.KernelSize(blur_sigma));
+
+        private readonly OsuSpriteText text;
 
         public LocalisableString Text
         {
-            get => spriteText.Text;
-            set => blurredText.Text = spriteText.Text = value;
+            get => text.Text;
+            set => text.Text = value;
         }
 
         public FontUsage Font
         {
-            get => spriteText.Font;
-            set => blurredText.Font = spriteText.Font = value.With(fixedWidth: true);
+            get => text.Font;
+            set => text.Font = value.With(fixedWidth: true);
         }
 
         public Vector2 TextSize
         {
-            get => spriteText.Size;
-            set => blurredText.Size = spriteText.Size = value;
+            get => text.Size;
+            set => text.Size = value;
         }
 
         public ColourInfo TextColour
         {
-            get => spriteText.Colour;
-            set => spriteText.Colour = value;
+            get => text.Colour;
+            set => text.Colour = value;
         }
 
         public ColourInfo GlowColour
         {
-            get => blurredText.Colour;
-            set => blurredText.Colour = value;
+            get => EffectColour;
+            set
+            {
+                EffectColour = value;
+                BackgroundColour = value.MultiplyAlpha(0f);
+            }
         }
 
         public Vector2 Spacing
         {
-            get => spriteText.Spacing;
-            set => spriteText.Spacing = blurredText.Spacing = value;
+            get => text.Spacing;
+            set => text.Spacing = value;
         }
 
         public bool UseFullGlyphHeight
         {
-            get => spriteText.UseFullGlyphHeight;
-            set => spriteText.UseFullGlyphHeight = blurredText.UseFullGlyphHeight = value;
+            get => text.UseFullGlyphHeight;
+            set => text.UseFullGlyphHeight = value;
         }
 
         public Bindable<string> Current
         {
-            get => spriteText.Current;
-            set => spriteText.Current = value;
+            get => text.Current;
+            set => text.Current = value;
         }
 
         public GlowingSpriteText()
+            : base(cachedFrameBuffer: true)
         {
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
-
-            Children = new Drawable[]
+            BlurSigma = new Vector2(blur_sigma);
+            RedrawOnScale = false;
+            DrawOriginal = true;
+            EffectBlending = BlendingParameters.Additive;
+            EffectPlacement = EffectPlacement.InFront;
+            Child = text = new OsuSpriteText
             {
-                new BufferedContainer(cachedFrameBuffer: true)
-                {
-                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    BlurSigma = new Vector2(4),
-                    RedrawOnScale = false,
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                    Size = new Vector2(3f),
-                    Children = new[]
-                    {
-                        blurredText = new OsuSpriteText
-                        {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                            Shadow = false,
-                        },
-                    },
-                },
-                spriteText = new OsuSpriteText
-                {
-                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Shadow = false,
-                },
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                Shadow = false,
             };
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteIconWithTooltip.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteIconWithTooltip.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f4bf53f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteIconWithTooltip.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A <see cref="SpriteIcon"/> with a publicly settable tooltip text.
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class SpriteIconWithTooltip : SpriteIcon, IHasTooltip
+    {
+        public LocalisableString TooltipText { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteTextWithTooltip.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteTextWithTooltip.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..446b621b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/Sprites/SpriteTextWithTooltip.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An <see cref="OsuSpriteText"/> with a publicly settable tooltip text.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal partial class SpriteTextWithTooltip : OsuSpriteText, IHasTooltip
+    {
+        public LocalisableString TooltipText { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/BreadcrumbControl.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/BreadcrumbControl.cs
index fc0770d896..4af6ce7498 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/BreadcrumbControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/BreadcrumbControl.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
 
             Current.ValueChanged += index =>
             {
-                foreach (var t in TabContainer.Children.OfType<BreadcrumbTabItem>())
+                foreach (var t in TabContainer.OfType<BreadcrumbTabItem>())
                 {
                     int tIndex = TabContainer.IndexOf(t);
                     int tabIndex = TabContainer.IndexOf(TabMap[index.NewValue]);
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         {
             protected virtual float ChevronSize => 10;
 
+            [CanBeNull]
             public event Action<Visibility> StateChanged;
 
             public readonly SpriteIcon Chevron;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/DialogButton.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/DialogButton.cs
index c920597a95..c39f41bf72 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/DialogButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/DialogButton.cs
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
                                             TriangleScale = 4,
                                             ColourDark = OsuColour.Gray(0.88f),
                                             Shear = new Vector2(-0.2f, 0),
+                                            ClampAxes = Axes.Y
                                         },
                                     },
                                 },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuDropdown.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuDropdown.cs
index 2dc701dc9d..38e90bf4ea 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuDropdown.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuDropdown.cs
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
                     : base(item)
                 {
                     Foreground.Padding = new MarginPadding(2);
+                    Foreground.AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+                    Foreground.RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
 
                     Masking = true;
                     CornerRadius = corner_radius;
@@ -247,11 +249,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
                                 Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                                 Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                             },
-                            Label = new OsuSpriteText
+                            Label = new TruncatingSpriteText
                             {
-                                X = 15,
+                                Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = 15 },
                                 Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                                 Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                             },
                         };
                     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuTabControl.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuTabControl.cs
index 05309760e7..c260c92b43 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuTabControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/OsuTabControl.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
 
                 if (Dropdown is IHasAccentColour dropdown)
                     dropdown.AccentColour = value;
-                foreach (var i in TabContainer.Children.OfType<IHasAccentColour>())
+                foreach (var i in TabContainer.OfType<IHasAccentColour>())
                     i.AccentColour = value;
             }
         }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
 
         protected override TabItem<T> CreateTabItem(T value) => new OsuTabItem(value);
 
-        protected virtual float StripWidth => TabContainer.Children.Sum(c => c.IsPresent ? c.DrawWidth + TabContainer.Spacing.X : 0) - TabContainer.Spacing.X;
+        protected virtual float StripWidth => TabContainer.Sum(c => c.IsPresent ? c.DrawWidth + TabContainer.Spacing.X : 0) - TabContainer.Spacing.X;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether entries should be automatically populated if <typeparamref name="T"/> is an <see cref="Enum"/> type.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/PercentageCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/PercentageCounter.cs
index ed06211e8f..1f9103b3bd 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/PercentageCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/PercentageCounter.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
     /// </summary>
     public partial class PercentageCounter : RollingCounter<double>
     {
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 750;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 375;
 
         private float epsilon => 1e-10f;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/RollingCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/RollingCounter.cs
index b80c0e3b58..e69727e047 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/RollingCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/RollingCounter.cs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         /// <summary>
         /// Easing for the counter rollover animation.
         /// </summary>
-        protected virtual Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuint;
+        protected virtual Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuad;
 
         private T displayedCount;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ScoreCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ScoreCounter.cs
index 255b2149f0..62cdefda43 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ScoreCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ScoreCounter.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         protected override double GetProportionalDuration(long currentValue, long newValue) =>
             currentValue > newValue ? currentValue - newValue : newValue - currentValue;
 
-        protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(long count) => count.ToLocalisableString(formatString);
+        protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(long count) => count.ToString(formatString);
 
         protected override OsuSpriteText CreateSpriteText()
             => base.CreateSpriteText().With(s => s.Font = s.Font.With(fixedWidth: true));
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ShearedSearchTextBox.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ShearedSearchTextBox.cs
index 131041e706..c3a9f8a586 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ShearedSearchTextBox.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/ShearedSearchTextBox.cs
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
 
         public void KillFocus() => textBox.KillFocus();
 
+        public bool SelectAll() => textBox.SelectAll();
+
         public ShearedSearchTextBox()
         {
             Height = 42;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/StarCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/StarCounter.cs
index fe986b275e..4e9e34d840 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/StarCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Graphics/UserInterface/StarCounter.cs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
         public void StopAnimation()
         {
             animate(current);
-            foreach (var star in stars.Children)
+            foreach (var star in stars)
                 star.FinishTransforms(true);
         }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface
 
                 star.ClearTransforms(true);
 
-                double delay = (current <= newValue ? Math.Max(i - current, 0) : Math.Max(current - 1 - i, 0)) * AnimationDelay;
+                double delay = Math.Max(current <= newValue ? i - current : Math.Min(current, StarCount) - 1 - i, 0) * AnimationDelay;
 
                 using (star.BeginDelayedSequence(delay))
                     star.DisplayAt(getStarScale(i, newValue));
diff --git a/osu.Game/IO/HardLinkHelper.cs b/osu.Game/IO/HardLinkHelper.cs
index 619bfdad6e..ad57f87d10 100644
--- a/osu.Game/IO/HardLinkHelper.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/IO/HardLinkHelper.cs
@@ -153,12 +153,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
         public static extern int link(string oldpath, string newpath);
 
         [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
-        private static extern int stat(string pathname, out struct_stat statbuf);
+        private static extern int stat(string pathname, out Stat statbuf);
 
         // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
         // Struct layout is likely non-portable across unices. Tread with caution.
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-        private struct struct_stat
+        private struct Stat
         {
             public readonly long st_dev;
             public readonly long st_ino;
@@ -170,14 +170,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
             public readonly long st_size;
             public readonly long st_blksize;
             public readonly long st_blocks;
-            public readonly timespec st_atim;
-            public readonly timespec st_mtim;
-            public readonly timespec st_ctim;
+            public readonly Timespec st_atim;
+            public readonly Timespec st_mtim;
+            public readonly Timespec st_ctim;
         }
 
         // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-        private struct timespec
+        private struct Timespec
         {
             public readonly long tv_sec;
             public readonly long tv_nsec;
diff --git a/osu.Game/IO/IStorageResourceProvider.cs b/osu.Game/IO/IStorageResourceProvider.cs
index 08982a8b5f..91760971e8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/IO/IStorageResourceProvider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/IO/IStorageResourceProvider.cs
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="underlyingStore">The underlying provider of texture data (in arbitrary image formats).</param>
         /// <returns>A texture loader store.</returns>
-        IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore);
+        IResourceStore<TextureUpload>? CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore);
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/IO/MigratableStorage.cs b/osu.Game/IO/MigratableStorage.cs
index 14a3c5a43c..d03d259f71 100644
--- a/osu.Game/IO/MigratableStorage.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/IO/MigratableStorage.cs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.IO
 {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
                 if (IgnoreSuffixes.Any(suffix => fi.Name.EndsWith(suffix, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
                     continue;
 
-                allFilesDeleted &= AttemptOperation(() => fi.Delete(), throwOnFailure: false);
+                allFilesDeleted &= FileUtils.AttemptOperation(() => fi.Delete(), throwOnFailure: false);
             }
 
             foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in target.GetDirectories())
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
                 if (IgnoreSuffixes.Any(suffix => dir.Name.EndsWith(suffix, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
                     continue;
 
-                allFilesDeleted &= AttemptOperation(() => dir.Delete(true), throwOnFailure: false);
+                allFilesDeleted &= FileUtils.AttemptOperation(() => dir.Delete(true), throwOnFailure: false);
             }
 
             if (target.GetFiles().Length == 0 && target.GetDirectories().Length == 0)
-                allFilesDeleted &= AttemptOperation(target.Delete, throwOnFailure: false);
+                allFilesDeleted &= FileUtils.AttemptOperation(target.Delete, throwOnFailure: false);
 
             return allFilesDeleted;
         }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
                 if (IgnoreSuffixes.Any(suffix => fileInfo.Name.EndsWith(suffix, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
                     continue;
 
-                AttemptOperation(() =>
+                FileUtils.AttemptOperation(() =>
                 {
                     fileInfo.Refresh();
 
@@ -139,35 +139,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.IO
                 CopyRecursive(dir, destination.CreateSubdirectory(dir.Name), false);
             }
         }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Attempt an IO operation multiple times and only throw if none of the attempts succeed.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="action">The action to perform.</param>
-        /// <param name="attempts">The number of attempts (250ms wait between each).</param>
-        /// <param name="throwOnFailure">Whether to throw an exception on failure. If <c>false</c>, will silently fail.</param>
-        protected static bool AttemptOperation(Action action, int attempts = 10, bool throwOnFailure = true)
-        {
-            while (true)
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    action();
-                    return true;
-                }
-                catch (Exception)
-                {
-                    if (attempts-- == 0)
-                    {
-                        if (throwOnFailure)
-                            throw;
-
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Thread.Sleep(250);
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Input/Bindings/GlobalActionContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Input/Bindings/GlobalActionContainer.cs
index 5a39c02185..436334cfe1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Input/Bindings/GlobalActionContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Input/Bindings/GlobalActionContainer.cs
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input.Bindings
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.MouseMiddle, GlobalAction.TogglePauseReplay),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.Left, GlobalAction.SeekReplayBackward),
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.Right, GlobalAction.SeekReplayForward),
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.Comma, GlobalAction.StepReplayBackward),
+            new KeyBinding(InputKey.Period, GlobalAction.StepReplayForward),
             new KeyBinding(new[] { InputKey.Control, InputKey.H }, GlobalAction.ToggleReplaySettings),
         };
 
@@ -411,7 +413,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input.Bindings
         IncreaseOffset,
 
         [LocalisableDescription(typeof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings), nameof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.DecreaseOffset))]
-        DecreaseOffset
+        DecreaseOffset,
+
+        [LocalisableDescription(typeof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings), nameof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.StepReplayForward))]
+        StepReplayForward,
+
+        [LocalisableDescription(typeof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings), nameof(GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.StepReplayBackward))]
+        StepReplayBackward,
     }
 
     public enum GlobalActionCategory
diff --git a/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs b/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
index de8660dbce..926f68df45 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Input/ConfineMouseTracker.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
     {
         private Bindable<ConfineMouseMode> frameworkConfineMode;
         private Bindable<WindowMode> frameworkWindowMode;
+        private Bindable<bool> frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen;
 
         private Bindable<OsuConfineMouseMode> osuConfineMode;
         private IBindable<bool> localUserPlaying;
@@ -31,7 +32,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
         {
             frameworkConfineMode = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<ConfineMouseMode>(FrameworkSetting.ConfineMouseMode);
             frameworkWindowMode = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<WindowMode>(FrameworkSetting.WindowMode);
+            frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen = frameworkConfigManager.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen);
             frameworkWindowMode.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMode());
+            frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMode());
 
             osuConfineMode = osuConfigManager.GetBindable<OsuConfineMouseMode>(OsuSetting.ConfineMouseMode);
             localUserPlaying = localUserInfo.IsPlaying.GetBoundCopy();
@@ -46,7 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Input
             if (frameworkConfineMode.Disabled)
                 return;
 
-            if (frameworkWindowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen)
+            // override confine mode only when clicking outside the window minimises it.
+            if (frameworkWindowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen && frameworkMinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen.Value)
             {
                 frameworkConfineMode.Value = ConfineMouseMode.Fullscreen;
                 return;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/AudioSettingsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/AudioSettingsStrings.cs
index 0f0f560df9..89db60d8a6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/AudioSettingsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/AudioSettingsStrings.cs
@@ -64,6 +64,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString AudioOffset => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"audio_offset"), @"Audio offset");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Play a few beatmaps to receive a suggested offset!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SuggestedOffsetNote => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"suggested_offset_note"), @"Play a few beatmaps to receive a suggested offset!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Based on the last {0} play(s), the suggested offset is {1} ms."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SuggestedOffsetValueReceived(int plays, LocalisableString value) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"suggested_offset_value_received"), @"Based on the last {0} play(s), the suggested offset is {1} ms.", plays, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Apply suggested offset"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString ApplySuggestedOffset => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"apply_suggested_offset"), @"Apply suggested offset");
+
         /// <summary>
         /// "Offset wizard"
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.cs
index 632a1ad0ea..b905b7ae1c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.cs
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         private const string prefix = @"osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.BeatmapOffsetControl";
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// "Beatmap offset"
+        /// "Audio offset (this beatmap)"
         /// </summary>
-        public static LocalisableString BeatmapOffset => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"beatmap_offset"), @"Beatmap offset");
+        public static LocalisableString AudioOffsetThisBeatmap => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"beatmap_offset"), @"Audio offset (this beatmap)");
 
         /// <summary>
         /// "Previous play:"
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/DebugSettingsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/DebugSettingsStrings.cs
index 18fd3e83da..066c07858c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/DebugSettingsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/DebugSettingsStrings.cs
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString ImportFiles => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"import_files"), @"Import files");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Run latency certifier"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString RunLatencyCertifier => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"run_latency_certifier"), @"Run latency certifier");
+
         /// <summary>
         /// "Memory"
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.cs
index f0620245c3..04fecab3df 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.cs
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString Items(int arg0) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"items"), @"{0} item(s)", arg0);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Data migration will use &quot;hard links&quot;. No extra disk space will be used, and you can delete either data folder at any point without affecting the other installation."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString DataMigrationNoExtraSpace => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"data_migration_no_extra_space"), @"Data migration will use ""hard links"". No extra disk space will be used, and you can delete either data folder at any point without affecting the other installation.");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Learn more about how &quot;hard links&quot; work"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LearnAboutHardLinks => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"learn_about_hard_links"), @"Learn more about how ""hard links"" work");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Lightweight linking of files is not supported on your operating system yet, so a copy of all files will be made during import."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LightweightLinkingNotSupported => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"lightweight_linking_not_supported"), @"Lightweight linking of files is not supported on your operating system yet, so a copy of all files will be made during import.");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system is NTFS)."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SecondCopyWillBeMadeWindows => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"second_copy_will_be_made_windows"), @"A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system is NTFS).");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system supports hard links)."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SecondCopyWillBeMadeOtherPlatforms => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"second_copy_will_be_made_other_platforms"), @"A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system supports hard links).");
+
         private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.cs
index ca27d0ff95..703e0ff1ca 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/GlobalActionKeyBindingStrings.cs
@@ -324,6 +324,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString SeekReplayBackward => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"seek_replay_backward"), @"Seek replay backward");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Seek replay forward one frame"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StepReplayForward => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"step_replay_forward"), @"Seek replay forward one frame");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Step replay backward one frame"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StepReplayBackward => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"step_replay_backward"), @"Step replay backward one frame");
+
         /// <summary>
         /// "Toggle chat focus"
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
index 422704514f..753444daf1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/GraphicsSettingsStrings.cs
@@ -152,9 +152,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// <summary>
         /// "In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again."
         /// </summary>
-        public static LocalisableString ChangeRendererConfirmation =>
-            new TranslatableString(getKey(@"change_renderer_configuration"), @"In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again.");
+        public static LocalisableString ChangeRendererConfirmation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"change_renderer_configuration"), @"In order to change the renderer, the game will close. Please open it again.");
 
-        private static string getKey(string key) => $"{prefix}:{key}";
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Minimise osu! when switching to another app"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString MinimiseOnFocusLoss => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"minimise_on_focus_loss"), @"Minimise osu! when switching to another app");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Shrink game to avoid cameras and notches"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString ShrinkGameToSafeArea => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"shrink_game_to_safe_area"), @"Shrink game to avoid cameras and notches");
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/ModSelectOverlayStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/ModSelectOverlayStrings.cs
index 86ebebd293..9513eacf02 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/ModSelectOverlayStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/ModSelectOverlayStrings.cs
@@ -49,6 +49,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString ScoreMultiplier => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"score_multiplier"), @"Score Multiplier");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Ranked"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString Ranked => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"ranked"), @"Ranked");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Performance points can be granted for the active mods."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString RankedExplanation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"ranked_explanation"), @"Performance points can be granted for the active mods.");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Unranked"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString Unranked => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"unranked"), @"Unranked");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Performance points will not be granted due to active mods."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString UnrankedExplanation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"ranked_explanation"), @"Performance points will not be granted due to active mods.");
+
         private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/NotificationsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/NotificationsStrings.cs
index fb3dab032d..f4965e4ebe 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/NotificationsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/NotificationsStrings.cs
@@ -113,6 +113,28 @@ Please try changing your audio device to a working setting.");
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString MismatchingBeatmapForReplay => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"mismatching_beatmap_for_replay"), @"Your local copy of the beatmap for this replay appears to be different than expected. You may need to update or re-download it.");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "You are now running osu! {version}.
+        /// Click to see what's new!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString GameVersionAfterUpdate(string version) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"game_version_after_update"), @"You are now running osu! {0}.
+Click to see what's new!", version);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Update ready to install. Click to restart!"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString UpdateReadyToInstall => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"update_ready_to_install"), @"Update ready to install. Click to restart!");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Downloading update..."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString DownloadingUpdate => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"downloading_update"), @"Downloading update...");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Installing update..."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString InstallingUpdate => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"installing_update"), @"Installing update...");
+
         private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60874da561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Localisation
+{
+    public static class PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings
+    {
+        private const string prefix = @"osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.PlaybackSettings";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Step backward one frame"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StepBackward => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"step_backward_frame"), @"Step backward one frame");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Step forward one frame"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StepForward => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"step_forward_frame"), @"Step forward one frame");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Seek backward {0} seconds"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SeekBackwardSeconds(double arg0) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"seek_backward_seconds"), @"Seek backward {0} seconds", arg0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Seek forward {0} seconds"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString SeekForwardSeconds(double arg0) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"seek_forward_seconds"), @"Seek forward {0} seconds", arg0);
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/RulesetSettingsStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/RulesetSettingsStrings.cs
index 3fa7656cbb..e3d51f1124 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/RulesetSettingsStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/RulesetSettingsStrings.cs
@@ -84,6 +84,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString ScrollSpeedTooltip(int scrollTime, int scrollSpeed) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"ruleset"), @"{0}ms (speed {1})", scrollTime, scrollSpeed);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Touch control scheme"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString TouchControlScheme => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"touch_control_scheme"), @"Touch control scheme");
+
         private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/StorageErrorDialogStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/StorageErrorDialogStrings.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ad388dd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/StorageErrorDialogStrings.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Localisation
+{
+    public static class StorageErrorDialogStrings
+    {
+        private const string prefix = @"osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.StorageErrorDialog";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "osu! storage error"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StorageError => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"storage_error"), @"osu! storage error");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "The specified osu! data location (&quot;{0}&quot;) is not accessible. If it is on external storage, please reconnect the device and try again."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LocationIsNotAccessible(string? loc) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"location_is_not_accessible"), @"The specified osu! data location (""{0}"") is not accessible. If it is on external storage, please reconnect the device and try again.", loc);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "The specified osu! data location (&quot;{0}&quot;) is empty. If you have moved the files, please close osu! and move them back."
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString LocationIsEmpty(string? loc2) => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"location_is_empty"), @"The specified osu! data location (""{0}"") is empty. If you have moved the files, please close osu! and move them back.", loc2);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Try again"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString TryAgain => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"try_again"), @"Try again");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Use default location until restart"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString UseDefaultLocation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"use_default_location"), @"Use default location until restart");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Reset to default location"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString ResetToDefaultLocation => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"reset_to_default_location"), @"Reset to default location");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Start fresh at specified location"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString StartFresh => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"start_fresh"), @"Start fresh at specified location");
+
+        private static string getKey(string key) => $@"{prefix}:{key}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Localisation/ToolbarStrings.cs b/osu.Game/Localisation/ToolbarStrings.cs
index e71a3fff9b..5822f76e02 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Localisation/ToolbarStrings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Localisation/ToolbarStrings.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Localisation
         /// </summary>
         public static LocalisableString Connecting => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"connecting"), @"Connecting...");
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// "Verification required"
+        /// </summary>
+        public static LocalisableString VerificationRequired => new TranslatableString(getKey(@"verification_required"), @"Verification required");
+
         /// <summary>
         /// "home"
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
index be5bdeca77..d3707fe74d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/APIAccess.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
+using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 using osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket;
 using osu.Game.Users;
 
@@ -48,11 +48,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         public string ProvidedUsername { get; private set; }
 
+        public string SecondFactorCode { get; private set; }
+
         private string password;
 
         public IBindable<APIUser> LocalUser => localUser;
         public IBindableList<APIUser> Friends => friends;
         public IBindable<UserActivity> Activity => activity;
+        public IBindable<UserStatistics> Statistics => statistics;
+
+        public INotificationsClient NotificationsClient { get; }
 
         public Language Language => game.CurrentLanguage.Value;
 
@@ -65,6 +70,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         private Bindable<UserStatus?> configStatus { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatus?>();
         private Bindable<UserStatus?> localUserStatus { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatus?>();
 
+        private Bindable<UserStatistics> statistics { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatistics>();
+
         protected bool HasLogin => authentication.Token.Value != null || (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ProvidedUsername) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password));
 
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource cancellationToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
@@ -79,6 +86,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
             APIEndpointUrl = endpointConfiguration.APIEndpointUrl;
             WebsiteRootUrl = endpointConfiguration.WebsiteRootUrl;
+            NotificationsClient = setUpNotificationsClient();
 
             authentication = new OAuth(endpointConfiguration.APIClientID, endpointConfiguration.APIClientSecret, APIEndpointUrl);
             log = Logger.GetLogger(LoggingTarget.Network);
@@ -111,6 +119,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             thread.Start();
         }
 
+        private WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector setUpNotificationsClient()
+        {
+            var connector = new WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector(this);
+
+            connector.MessageReceived += msg =>
+            {
+                switch (msg.Event)
+                {
+                    case @"verified":
+                        if (state.Value == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth)
+                            state.Value = APIState.Online;
+                        break;
+
+                    case @"logout":
+                        if (state.Value == APIState.Online)
+                            Logout();
+
+                        break;
+                }
+            };
+
+            return connector;
+        }
+
         private void onTokenChanged(ValueChangedEvent<OAuthToken> e) => config.SetValue(OsuSetting.Token, config.Get<bool>(OsuSetting.SavePassword) ? authentication.TokenString : string.Empty);
 
         internal new void Schedule(Action action) => base.Schedule(action);
@@ -194,6 +226,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
         /// This method takes control of <see cref="state"/> and transitions from <see cref="APIState.Connecting"/> to either
+        /// - <see cref="APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth"/> (pending 2fa)
         /// - <see cref="APIState.Online"/>  (successful connection)
         /// - <see cref="APIState.Failing"/> (failed connection but retrying)
         /// - <see cref="APIState.Offline"/> (failed and can't retry, clear credentials and require user interaction)
@@ -201,8 +234,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// <returns>Whether the connection attempt was successful.</returns>
         private void attemptConnect()
         {
-            state.Value = APIState.Connecting;
-
             if (localUser.IsDefault)
             {
                 // Show a placeholder user if saved credentials are available.
@@ -220,6 +251,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
             if (!authentication.HasValidAccessToken)
             {
+                state.Value = APIState.Connecting;
                 LastLoginError = null;
 
                 try
@@ -237,40 +269,79 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
                 }
             }
 
-            var userReq = new GetUserRequest();
-            userReq.Failure += ex =>
+            switch (state.Value)
             {
-                if (ex is APIException)
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
                 {
-                    LastLoginError = ex;
-                    log.Add($@"Login failed for username {ProvidedUsername} on user retrieval ({LastLoginError.Message})!");
-                    Logout();
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(SecondFactorCode))
+                        return;
+
+                    state.Value = APIState.Connecting;
+                    LastLoginError = null;
+
+                    var verificationRequest = new VerifySessionRequest(SecondFactorCode);
+
+                    verificationRequest.Success += () => state.Value = APIState.Online;
+                    verificationRequest.Failure += ex =>
+                    {
+                        state.Value = APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth;
+                        LastLoginError = ex;
+                        SecondFactorCode = null;
+                    };
+
+                    if (!handleRequest(verificationRequest))
+                    {
+                        state.Value = APIState.Failing;
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (state.Value != APIState.Online)
+                        return;
+
+                    break;
                 }
-                else if (ex is WebException webException && webException.Message == @"Unauthorized")
+
+                default:
                 {
-                    log.Add(@"Login no longer valid");
-                    Logout();
+                    var userReq = new GetMeRequest();
+
+                    userReq.Failure += ex =>
+                    {
+                        if (ex is APIException)
+                        {
+                            LastLoginError = ex;
+                            log.Add($@"Login failed for username {ProvidedUsername} on user retrieval ({LastLoginError.Message})!");
+                            Logout();
+                        }
+                        else if (ex is WebException webException && webException.Message == @"Unauthorized")
+                        {
+                            log.Add(@"Login no longer valid");
+                            Logout();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            state.Value = APIState.Failing;
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    userReq.Success += me =>
+                    {
+                        me.Status.Value = configStatus.Value ?? UserStatus.Online;
+
+                        setLocalUser(me);
+
+                        state.Value = me.SessionVerified ? APIState.Online : APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth;
+                        failureCount = 0;
+                    };
+
+                    if (!handleRequest(userReq))
+                    {
+                        state.Value = APIState.Failing;
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    state.Value = APIState.Failing;
-                }
-            };
-            userReq.Success += user =>
-            {
-                user.Status.Value = configStatus.Value ?? UserStatus.Online;
-
-                setLocalUser(user);
-
-                // we're connected!
-                state.Value = APIState.Online;
-                failureCount = 0;
-            };
-
-            if (!handleRequest(userReq))
-            {
-                state.Value = APIState.Failing;
-                return;
             }
 
             var friendsReq = new GetFriendsRequest();
@@ -318,11 +389,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             this.password = password;
         }
 
+        public void AuthenticateSecondFactor(string code)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(State.Value == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth);
+
+            SecondFactorCode = code;
+        }
+
         public IHubClientConnector GetHubConnector(string clientName, string endpoint, bool preferMessagePack) =>
             new HubClientConnector(clientName, endpoint, this, versionHash, preferMessagePack);
 
-        public NotificationsClientConnector GetNotificationsConnector() =>
-            new WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector(this);
+        public IChatClient GetChatClient() => new WebSocketChatClient(this);
 
         public RegistrationRequest.RegistrationRequestErrors CreateAccount(string email, string username, string password)
         {
@@ -504,6 +581,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         public void Logout()
         {
             password = null;
+            SecondFactorCode = null;
             authentication.Clear();
 
             // Scheduled prior to state change such that the state changed event is invoked with the correct user and their friends present
@@ -517,9 +595,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             flushQueue();
         }
 
+        public void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics)
+        {
+            statistics.Value = newStatistics;
+
+            if (IsLoggedIn)
+                localUser.Value.Statistics = newStatistics;
+        }
+
         private static APIUser createGuestUser() => new GuestUser();
 
-        private void setLocalUser(APIUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() => localUser.Value = user, false);
+        private void setLocalUser(APIUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() =>
+        {
+            localUser.Value = user;
+            statistics.Value = user.Statistics;
+        }, false);
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
         {
@@ -551,6 +641,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// </summary>
         Failing,
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Waiting on second factor authentication.
+        /// </summary>
+        RequiresSecondFactorAuth,
+
         /// <summary>
         /// We are in the process of (re-)connecting.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
index d585124db6..4962838bd9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/DummyAPIAccess.cs
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
+using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
+using osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket;
 using osu.Game.Tests;
 using osu.Game.Users;
 
@@ -28,6 +30,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         public Bindable<UserActivity> Activity { get; } = new Bindable<UserActivity>();
 
+        public Bindable<UserStatistics?> Statistics { get; } = new Bindable<UserStatistics?>();
+
+        public DummyNotificationsClient NotificationsClient { get; } = new DummyNotificationsClient();
+        INotificationsClient IAPIProvider.NotificationsClient => NotificationsClient;
+
         public Language Language => Language.en;
 
         public string AccessToken => "token";
@@ -55,6 +62,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         private bool shouldFailNextLogin;
         private bool stayConnectingNextLogin;
+        private bool requiredSecondFactorAuth = true;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The current connectivity state of the API.
@@ -115,7 +123,46 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
                 Id = DUMMY_USER_ID,
             };
 
+            if (requiredSecondFactorAuth)
+            {
+                state.Value = APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                onSuccessfulLogin();
+                requiredSecondFactorAuth = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AuthenticateSecondFactor(string code)
+        {
+            var request = new VerifySessionRequest(code);
+            request.Failure += e =>
+            {
+                state.Value = APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth;
+                LastLoginError = e;
+            };
+
+            state.Value = APIState.Connecting;
+            LastLoginError = null;
+
+            // if no handler installed / handler can't handle verification, just assume that the server would verify for simplicity.
+            if (HandleRequest?.Invoke(request) != true)
+                onSuccessfulLogin();
+
+            // if a handler did handle this, make sure the verification actually passed.
+            if (request.CompletionState == APIRequestCompletionState.Completed)
+                onSuccessfulLogin();
+        }
+
+        private void onSuccessfulLogin()
+        {
             state.Value = APIState.Online;
+            Statistics.Value = new UserStatistics
+            {
+                GlobalRank = 1,
+                CountryRank = 1
+            };
         }
 
         public void Logout()
@@ -126,9 +173,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             LocalUser.Value = new GuestUser();
         }
 
+        public void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics)
+        {
+            Statistics.Value = newStatistics;
+
+            if (IsLoggedIn)
+                LocalUser.Value.Statistics = newStatistics;
+        }
+
         public IHubClientConnector? GetHubConnector(string clientName, string endpoint, bool preferMessagePack) => null;
 
-        public NotificationsClientConnector GetNotificationsConnector() => new PollingNotificationsClientConnector(this);
+        public IChatClient GetChatClient() => new TestChatClientConnector(this);
 
         public RegistrationRequest.RegistrationRequestErrors? CreateAccount(string email, string username, string password)
         {
@@ -141,6 +196,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         IBindable<APIUser> IAPIProvider.LocalUser => LocalUser;
         IBindableList<APIUser> IAPIProvider.Friends => Friends;
         IBindable<UserActivity> IAPIProvider.Activity => Activity;
+        IBindable<UserStatistics?> IAPIProvider.Statistics => Statistics;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skip 2FA requirement for next login.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SkipSecondFactor() => requiredSecondFactorAuth = false;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// During the next simulated login, the process will fail immediately.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
index a1d7006c8c..66f124f7c3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/IAPIProvider.cs
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
+using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
+using osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket;
 using osu.Game.Users;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.API
@@ -28,6 +29,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// </summary>
         IBindable<UserActivity> Activity { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The current user's online statistics.
+        /// </summary>
+        IBindable<UserStatistics?> Statistics { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The language supplied by this provider to API requests.
         /// </summary>
@@ -106,11 +112,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         /// <param name="password">The user's password.</param>
         void Login(string username, string password);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provide a second-factor authentication code for authentication.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="code">The 2FA code.</param>
+        void AuthenticateSecondFactor(string code);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Log out the current user.
         /// </summary>
         void Logout();
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets Statistics bindable.
+        /// </summary>
+        void UpdateStatistics(UserStatistics newStatistics);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructs a new <see cref="IHubClientConnector"/>. May be null if not supported.
         /// </summary>
@@ -120,9 +137,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
         IHubClientConnector? GetHubConnector(string clientName, string endpoint, bool preferMessagePack = true);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Constructs a new <see cref="NotificationsClientConnector"/>.
+        /// Accesses the <see cref="INotificationsClient"/> used to receive asynchronous notifications from web.
         /// </summary>
-        NotificationsClientConnector GetNotificationsConnector();
+        INotificationsClient NotificationsClient { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a <see cref="IChatClient"/> instance to use in order to chat.
+        /// </summary>
+        IChatClient GetChatClient();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new user account. This is a blocking operation.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/OAuth.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/OAuth.cs
index 485274f349..4829310870 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/OAuth.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/OAuth.cs
@@ -128,19 +128,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
             // if we already have a valid access token, let's use it.
             if (accessTokenValid) return true;
 
-            // we want to ensure only a single authentication update is happening at once.
-            lock (access_token_retrieval_lock)
-            {
-                // re-check if valid, in case another request completed and revalidated our access.
-                if (accessTokenValid) return true;
+            // if not, let's try using our refresh token to request a new access token.
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Token.Value?.RefreshToken))
+                // ReSharper disable once PossibleNullReferenceException
+                AuthenticateWithRefresh(Token.Value.RefreshToken);
 
-                // if not, let's try using our refresh token to request a new access token.
-                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Token.Value?.RefreshToken))
-                    // ReSharper disable once PossibleNullReferenceException
-                    AuthenticateWithRefresh(Token.Value.RefreshToken);
-
-                return accessTokenValid;
-            }
+            return accessTokenValid;
         }
 
         private bool accessTokenValid => Token.Value?.IsValid ?? false;
@@ -149,14 +142,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API
 
         internal string RequestAccessToken()
         {
-            if (!ensureAccessToken()) return null;
+            lock (access_token_retrieval_lock)
+            {
+                if (!ensureAccessToken()) return null;
 
-            return Token.Value.AccessToken;
+                return Token.Value.AccessToken;
+            }
         }
 
         internal void Clear()
         {
-            Token.Value = null;
+            lock (access_token_retrieval_lock)
+                Token.Value = null;
         }
 
         private class AccessTokenRequestRefresh : AccessTokenRequest
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetMeRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetMeRequest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aab7d7b2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetMeRequest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
+{
+    public class GetMeRequest : APIRequest<APIMe>
+    {
+        public readonly IRulesetInfo? Ruleset;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the currently logged-in user.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ruleset">The ruleset to get the user's info for.</param>
+        public GetMeRequest(IRulesetInfo? ruleset = null)
+        {
+            Ruleset = ruleset;
+        }
+
+        protected override string Target => $@"me/{Ruleset?.ShortName}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetSystemTitleRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetSystemTitleRequest.cs
index 659e46bb11..52ca0c11eb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetSystemTitleRequest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetSystemTitleRequest.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
     public class GetSystemTitleRequest : OsuJsonWebRequest<APISystemTitle>
     {
         public GetSystemTitleRequest()
-            : base($@"https://assets.ppy.sh/lazer-status.json?{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds() / 1800}")
+            : base(@"https://assets.ppy.sh/lazer-status.json")
         {
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetUserRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetUserRequest.cs
index 7dcf75950e..90d3268e75 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetUserRequest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/GetUserRequest.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 
@@ -11,24 +9,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
     public class GetUserRequest : APIRequest<APIUser>
     {
         public readonly string Lookup;
-        public readonly IRulesetInfo Ruleset;
+        public readonly IRulesetInfo? Ruleset;
         private readonly LookupType lookupType;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the currently logged-in user.
-        /// </summary>
-        public GetUserRequest()
-        {
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets a user from their ID.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="userId">The user to get.</param>
         /// <param name="ruleset">The ruleset to get the user's info for.</param>
-        public GetUserRequest(long? userId = null, IRulesetInfo ruleset = null)
+        public GetUserRequest(long? userId = null, IRulesetInfo? ruleset = null)
         {
-            Lookup = userId.ToString();
+            Lookup = userId.ToString()!;
             lookupType = LookupType.Id;
             Ruleset = ruleset;
         }
@@ -38,14 +29,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="username">The user to get.</param>
         /// <param name="ruleset">The ruleset to get the user's info for.</param>
-        public GetUserRequest(string username = null, IRulesetInfo ruleset = null)
+        public GetUserRequest(string username, IRulesetInfo? ruleset = null)
         {
             Lookup = username;
             lookupType = LookupType.Username;
             Ruleset = ruleset;
         }
 
-        protected override string Target => Lookup != null ? $@"users/{Lookup}/{Ruleset?.ShortName}?key={lookupType.ToString().ToLowerInvariant()}" : $@"me/{Ruleset?.ShortName}";
+        protected override string Target => $@"users/{Lookup}/{Ruleset?.ShortName}?key={lookupType.ToString().ToLowerInvariant()}";
 
         private enum LookupType
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/ReissueVerificationCodeRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/ReissueVerificationCodeRequest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2a3cf0a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/ReissueVerificationCodeRequest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Net.Http;
+using osu.Framework.IO.Network;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
+{
+    public class ReissueVerificationCodeRequest : APIRequest
+    {
+        protected override WebRequest CreateWebRequest()
+        {
+            var req = base.CreateWebRequest();
+
+            req.Method = HttpMethod.Post;
+
+            return req;
+        }
+
+        protected override string Target => @"session/verify/reissue";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIMe.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIMe.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cbddbe5e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIMe.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
+{
+    public class APIMe : APIUser
+    {
+        [JsonProperty("session_verified")]
+        public bool SessionVerified { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIUpdateStream.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIUpdateStream.cs
index 76d1941d9d..dac72f2488 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIUpdateStream.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/APIUpdateStream.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
         [JsonProperty("latest_build")]
         public APIChangelogBuild LatestBuild { get; set; }
 
+        [JsonProperty("user_count")]
+        public int UserCount { get; set; }
+
         public bool Equals(APIUpdateStream other) => Id == other?.Id;
 
         internal static readonly Dictionary<string, Color4> KNOWN_STREAMS = new Dictionary<string, Color4>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/Comment.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/Comment.cs
index 907632186c..e6a5559d1f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/Comment.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/Comment.cs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
         [JsonProperty(@"votes_count")]
         public int VotesCount { get; set; }
 
-        [JsonProperty(@"commenatble_type")]
+        [JsonProperty(@"commentable_type")]
         public string CommentableType { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [JsonProperty(@"commentable_id")]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentBundle.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentBundle.cs
index ae8b850723..cbff8bf76c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentBundle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentBundle.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
 {
     public class CommentBundle
     {
+        [JsonProperty(@"commentable_meta")]
+        public List<CommentableMeta> CommentableMeta { get; set; } = new List<CommentableMeta>();
+
         [JsonProperty(@"comments")]
         public List<Comment> Comments { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentableMeta.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentableMeta.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1084f1c900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/CommentableMeta.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
+{
+    public class CommentableMeta
+    {
+        [JsonProperty("id")]
+        public long Id { get; set; }
+
+        [JsonProperty("owner_id")]
+        public long? OwnerId { get; set; }
+
+        [JsonProperty("owner_title")]
+        public string? OwnerTitle { get; set; }
+
+        [JsonProperty("title")]
+        public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        [JsonProperty("type")]
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        [JsonProperty("url")]
+        public string Url { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/SoloScoreInfo.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/SoloScoreInfo.cs
index 732da3d5da..6f321fd401 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/SoloScoreInfo.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/Responses/SoloScoreInfo.cs
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
         [JsonProperty("has_replay")]
         public bool HasReplay { get; set; }
 
+        [JsonProperty("ranked")]
+        public bool Ranked { get; set; }
+
         // These properties are calculated or not relevant to any external usage.
         public bool ShouldSerializeID() => false;
         public bool ShouldSerializeUser() => false;
@@ -203,6 +206,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
                 Ruleset = new RulesetInfo { OnlineID = RulesetID },
                 Passed = Passed,
                 TotalScore = TotalScore,
+                LegacyTotalScore = LegacyTotalScore,
                 Accuracy = Accuracy,
                 MaxCombo = MaxCombo,
                 Rank = Rank,
@@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses
                 HasOnlineReplay = HasReplay,
                 Mods = mods,
                 PP = PP,
+                Ranked = Ranked,
             };
 
             if (beatmap is BeatmapInfo realmBeatmap)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/VerifySessionRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/VerifySessionRequest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b39ec5b79a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/API/Requests/VerifySessionRequest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Net.Http;
+using osu.Framework.IO.Network;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.API.Requests
+{
+    public class VerifySessionRequest : APIRequest
+    {
+        public readonly string VerificationKey;
+
+        public VerifySessionRequest(string verificationKey)
+        {
+            VerificationKey = verificationKey;
+        }
+
+        protected override WebRequest CreateWebRequest()
+        {
+            var req = base.CreateWebRequest();
+
+            req.Method = HttpMethod.Post;
+            req.AddParameter(@"verification_key", VerificationKey);
+
+            return req;
+        }
+
+        protected override string Target => @"session/verify";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
index 23989caae2..74e85c595c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/ChannelManager.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Chat.Listing;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
@@ -64,13 +63,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
         /// </summary>
         public IBindableList<Channel> AvailableChannels => availableChannels;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the client responsible for channel notifications is connected.
-        /// </summary>
-        public bool NotificationsConnected => connector.IsConnected.Value;
-
         private readonly IAPIProvider api;
-        private readonly NotificationsClientConnector connector;
+        private readonly IChatClient chatClient;
 
         [Resolved]
         private UserLookupCache users { get; set; }
@@ -85,7 +79,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
         {
             this.api = api;
 
-            connector = api.GetNotificationsConnector();
+            chatClient = api.GetChatClient();
 
             CurrentChannel.ValueChanged += currentChannelChanged;
         }
@@ -93,15 +87,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
-            connector.ChannelJoined += ch => Schedule(() => joinChannel(ch));
-
-            connector.ChannelParted += ch => Schedule(() => leaveChannel(getChannel(ch), false));
-
-            connector.NewMessages += msgs => Schedule(() => addMessages(msgs));
-
-            connector.PresenceReceived += () => Schedule(initializeChannels);
-
-            connector.Start();
+            chatClient.ChannelJoined += ch => Schedule(() => joinChannel(ch));
+            chatClient.ChannelParted += ch => Schedule(() => leaveChannel(getChannel(ch), false));
+            chatClient.NewMessages += msgs => Schedule(() => addMessages(msgs));
+            chatClient.PresenceReceived += () => Schedule(initializeChannels);
+            chatClient.RequestPresence();
 
             apiState.BindTo(api.State);
             apiState.BindValueChanged(_ => SendAck(), true);
@@ -655,7 +645,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
         {
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
-            connector?.Dispose();
+            chatClient?.Dispose();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/DrawableLinkCompiler.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/DrawableLinkCompiler.cs
index 883a2496f7..fa107a0e43 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/DrawableLinkCompiler.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/DrawableLinkCompiler.cs
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ListExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Lists;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
@@ -23,12 +25,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
         /// <summary>
         /// Each word part of a chat link (split for word-wrap support).
         /// </summary>
-        public readonly List<Drawable> Parts;
+        public readonly SlimReadOnlyListWrapper<Drawable> Parts;
 
         [Resolved]
         private OverlayColourProvider? overlayColourProvider { get; set; }
 
-        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => Parts.Any(d => d.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos));
+        public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos)
+        {
+            foreach (var part in Parts)
+            {
+                if (part.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
 
         protected override HoverSounds CreateHoverSounds(HoverSampleSet sampleSet) => new LinkHoverSounds(sampleSet, Parts);
 
@@ -39,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
 
         public DrawableLinkCompiler(IEnumerable<Drawable> parts)
         {
-            Parts = parts.ToList();
+            Parts = parts.ToList().AsSlimReadOnly();
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -52,15 +63,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
 
         private partial class LinkHoverSounds : HoverClickSounds
         {
-            private readonly List<Drawable> parts;
+            private readonly SlimReadOnlyListWrapper<Drawable> parts;
 
-            public LinkHoverSounds(HoverSampleSet sampleSet, List<Drawable> parts)
+            public LinkHoverSounds(HoverSampleSet sampleSet, SlimReadOnlyListWrapper<Drawable> parts)
                 : base(sampleSet)
             {
                 this.parts = parts;
             }
 
-            public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => parts.Any(d => d.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos));
+            public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos)
+            {
+                foreach (var part in parts)
+                {
+                    if (part.ReceivePositionalInputAt(screenSpacePos))
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/IChatClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/IChatClient.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..290ee22710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/IChatClient.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Interface for consuming online chat.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IChatClient : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fired when a <see cref="Channel"/> has been joined.
+        /// </summary>
+        event Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fired when a <see cref="Channel"/> has been parted.
+        /// </summary>
+        event Action<Channel>? ChannelParted;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fired when new <see cref="Message"/>s have arrived from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        event Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Requests presence information from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        void RequestPresence();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fired when the initial user presence information has been received.
+        /// </summary>
+        event Action? PresenceReceived;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Chat/WebSocketChatClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/WebSocketChatClient.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e1b501b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Chat/WebSocketChatClient.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
+using osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.Chat
+{
+    public class WebSocketChatClient : IChatClient
+    {
+        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
+        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelParted;
+        public event Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
+        public event Action? PresenceReceived;
+
+        private readonly IAPIProvider api;
+        private readonly INotificationsClient client;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<long, Channel> channelsMap = new ConcurrentDictionary<long, Channel>();
+
+        private CancellationTokenSource? chatStartCancellationSource;
+
+        public WebSocketChatClient(IAPIProvider api)
+        {
+            this.api = api;
+            client = api.NotificationsClient;
+            client.IsConnected.BindValueChanged(onConnectedChanged, true);
+        }
+
+        private void onConnectedChanged(ValueChangedEvent<bool> connected)
+        {
+            if (connected.NewValue)
+            {
+                client.MessageReceived += onMessageReceived;
+                attemptToStartChat();
+                RequestPresence();
+            }
+            else
+                chatStartCancellationSource?.Cancel();
+        }
+
+        private void attemptToStartChat()
+        {
+            chatStartCancellationSource?.Cancel();
+            chatStartCancellationSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+            Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
+            {
+                while (!chatStartCancellationSource.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        await client.SendAsync(new StartChatRequest()).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                        Logger.Log(@"Now listening to websocket chat messages.", LoggingTarget.Network);
+                        await chatStartCancellationSource.CancelAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        Logger.Log($@"Could not start listening to websocket chat messages: {ex}", LoggingTarget.Network);
+                        await Task.Delay(5000).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    }
+                }
+            }, chatStartCancellationSource.Token);
+        }
+
+        public void RequestPresence()
+        {
+            var fetchReq = new GetUpdatesRequest(0);
+
+            fetchReq.Success += updates =>
+            {
+                if (updates?.Presence != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (var channel in updates.Presence)
+                        joinChannel(channel);
+
+                    handleMessages(updates.Messages);
+                }
+
+                PresenceReceived?.Invoke();
+            };
+
+            api.Queue(fetchReq);
+        }
+
+        private void onMessageReceived(SocketMessage message)
+        {
+            switch (message.Event)
+            {
+                case @"chat.channel.join":
+                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
+
+                    Channel? joinedChannel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Channel>(message.Data.ToString());
+                    Debug.Assert(joinedChannel != null);
+
+                    joinChannel(joinedChannel);
+                    break;
+
+                case @"chat.channel.part":
+                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
+
+                    Channel? partedChannel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Channel>(message.Data.ToString());
+                    Debug.Assert(partedChannel != null);
+
+                    partChannel(partedChannel);
+                    break;
+
+                case @"chat.message.new":
+                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
+
+                    NewChatMessageData? messageData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<NewChatMessageData>(message.Data.ToString());
+                    Debug.Assert(messageData != null);
+
+                    foreach (var msg in messageData.Messages)
+                        postToChannel(msg);
+
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void postToChannel(Message message)
+        {
+            if (channelsMap.TryGetValue(message.ChannelId, out Channel? channel))
+            {
+                joinChannel(channel);
+                NewMessages?.Invoke(new List<Message> { message });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var req = new GetChannelRequest(message.ChannelId);
+
+            req.Success += response =>
+            {
+                joinChannel(channelsMap[message.ChannelId] = response.Channel);
+                NewMessages?.Invoke(new List<Message> { message });
+            };
+            req.Failure += ex => Logger.Error(ex, "Failed to join channel");
+
+            api.Queue(req);
+        }
+
+        private void joinChannel(Channel ch)
+        {
+            ch.Joined.Value = true;
+            ChannelJoined?.Invoke(ch);
+        }
+
+        private void partChannel(Channel channel) => ChannelParted?.Invoke(channel);
+
+        private void handleMessages(List<Message>? messages)
+        {
+            if (messages == null)
+                return;
+
+            NewMessages?.Invoke(messages);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            client.IsConnected.ValueChanged -= onConnectedChanged;
+            client.MessageReceived -= onMessageReceived;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/EndpointConfiguration.cs b/osu.Game/Online/EndpointConfiguration.cs
index f3bcced630..bd3c945124 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/EndpointConfiguration.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/EndpointConfiguration.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 namespace osu.Game.Online
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -13,36 +11,36 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
         /// <summary>
         /// The base URL for the website.
         /// </summary>
-        public string WebsiteRootUrl { get; set; }
+        public string WebsiteRootUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The endpoint for the main (osu-web) API.
         /// </summary>
-        public string APIEndpointUrl { get; set; }
+        public string APIEndpointUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The OAuth client secret.
         /// </summary>
-        public string APIClientSecret { get; set; }
+        public string APIClientSecret { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The OAuth client ID.
         /// </summary>
-        public string APIClientID { get; set; }
+        public string APIClientID { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The endpoint for the SignalR spectator server.
         /// </summary>
-        public string SpectatorEndpointUrl { get; set; }
+        public string SpectatorEndpointUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The endpoint for the SignalR multiplayer server.
         /// </summary>
-        public string MultiplayerEndpointUrl { get; set; }
+        public string MultiplayerEndpointUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The endpoint for the SignalR metadata server.
         /// </summary>
-        public string MetadataEndpointUrl { get; set; }
+        public string MetadataEndpointUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration.cs b/osu.Game/Online/ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index c3d0014c8b..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Online/ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-namespace osu.Game.Online
-{
-    public class ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration : EndpointConfiguration
-    {
-        public ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration()
-        {
-            WebsiteRootUrl = @"https://osu.ppy.sh";
-            APIEndpointUrl = @"https://lazer.ppy.sh";
-            APIClientSecret = @"FGc9GAtyHzeQDshWP5Ah7dega8hJACAJpQtw6OXk";
-            APIClientID = "5";
-            SpectatorEndpointUrl = "https://spectator.ppy.sh/spectator";
-            MultiplayerEndpointUrl = "https://spectator.ppy.sh/multiplayer";
-            MetadataEndpointUrl = "https://spectator.ppy.sh/metadata";
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/IStatefulUserHubClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/IStatefulUserHubClient.cs
index 86105dd629..e931e3c862 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/IStatefulUserHubClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/IStatefulUserHubClient.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
     /// </summary>
     public interface IStatefulUserHubClient
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoked when the server requests a client to disconnect.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// When this request is received, the client must presume any and all further requests to the server
+        /// will either fail or be ignored.
+        /// This method is ONLY to be used for the purposes of:
+        /// <list type="bullet">
+        /// <item>actually physically disconnecting from the server,</item>
+        /// <item>cleaning up / setting up any and all required local client state.</item>
+        /// </list>
+        /// </remarks>
         Task DisconnectRequested();
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
index 67f2590ad8..0fd9597ac0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/Leaderboard.cs
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
 
                 double delay = 0;
 
-                foreach (var s in scoreFlowContainer.Children)
+                foreach (var s in scoreFlowContainer)
                 {
                     using (s.BeginDelayedSequence(delay))
                         s.Show();
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
             if (scoreFlowContainer == null)
                 return;
 
-            foreach (var c in scoreFlowContainer.Children)
+            foreach (var c in scoreFlowContainer)
             {
                 float topY = c.ToSpaceOfOtherDrawable(Vector2.Zero, scoreFlowContainer).Y;
                 float bottomY = topY + LeaderboardScore.HEIGHT;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/LeaderboardScore.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/LeaderboardScore.cs
index a76f4ae955..964f065813 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/LeaderboardScore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Leaderboards/LeaderboardScore.cs
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
                                         {
                                             Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
                                             Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
-                                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                            Height = 28,
                                             Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
                                             Spacing = new Vector2(10f, 0f),
                                             Children = new Drawable[]
@@ -357,14 +358,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards
                                 },
                             },
                         },
-                        new GlowingSpriteText
+                        new OsuSpriteText
                         {
                             Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                             Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            TextColour = Color4.White,
-                            GlowColour = Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"83ccfa"),
                             Text = statistic.Value,
-                            Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                            Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.Bold, fixedWidth: true)
                         },
                     },
                 };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
index c42c3378b7..3805d12688 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Metadata/OnlineMetadataClient.cs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Metadata
                     // https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/issues/15198
                     connection.On<BeatmapUpdates>(nameof(IMetadataClient.BeatmapSetsUpdated), ((IMetadataClient)this).BeatmapSetsUpdated);
                     connection.On<int, UserPresence?>(nameof(IMetadataClient.UserPresenceUpdated), ((IMetadataClient)this).UserPresenceUpdated);
+                    connection.On(nameof(IStatefulUserHubClient.DisconnectRequested), ((IMetadataClient)this).DisconnectRequested);
                 };
 
                 IsConnected.BindTo(connector.IsConnected);
@@ -231,7 +232,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Metadata
         public override async Task DisconnectRequested()
         {
             await base.DisconnectRequested().ConfigureAwait(false);
-            await EndWatchingUserPresence().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (connector != null)
+                await connector.Disconnect().ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Multiplayer/MultiplayerClientExtensions.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Multiplayer/MultiplayerClientExtensions.cs
index 2083aa4e28..d846e7f566 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Multiplayer/MultiplayerClientExtensions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Multiplayer/MultiplayerClientExtensions.cs
@@ -23,9 +23,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer
 
                     Debug.Assert(exception != null);
 
-                    string message = exception.GetHubExceptionMessage() ?? exception.Message;
+                    if (exception.GetHubExceptionMessage() is string message)
+                        // Hub exceptions generally contain something we can show the user directly.
+                        Logger.Log(message, level: LogLevel.Important);
+                    else
+                        Logger.Error(exception, $"Unobserved exception occurred via {nameof(FireAndForget)} call: {exception.Message}");
 
-                    Logger.Log(message, level: LogLevel.Important);
                     onError?.Invoke(exception);
                 }
                 else
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClientConnector.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClientConnector.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 34ce186cb8..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClientConnector.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using osu.Game.Online.API;
-using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// An abstract connector or <see cref="NotificationsClient"/>s.
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class NotificationsClientConnector : PersistentEndpointClientConnector
-    {
-        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
-        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelParted;
-        public event Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
-        public event Action? PresenceReceived;
-
-        protected NotificationsClientConnector(IAPIProvider api)
-            : base(api)
-        {
-        }
-
-        protected sealed override async Task<PersistentEndpointClient> BuildConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-        {
-            var client = await BuildNotificationClientAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-
-            client.ChannelJoined = c => ChannelJoined?.Invoke(c);
-            client.ChannelParted = c => ChannelParted?.Invoke(c);
-            client.NewMessages = m => NewMessages?.Invoke(m);
-            client.PresenceReceived = () => PresenceReceived?.Invoke();
-
-            return client;
-        }
-
-        protected abstract Task<NotificationsClient> BuildNotificationClientAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/DummyNotificationsClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/DummyNotificationsClient.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1f3d25be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/DummyNotificationsClient.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
+{
+    public class DummyNotificationsClient : INotificationsClient
+    {
+        public IBindable<bool> IsConnected => new BindableBool(true);
+
+        public event Action<SocketMessage>? MessageReceived;
+
+        public Func<SocketMessage, bool>? HandleMessage;
+
+        public Task SendAsync(SocketMessage message, CancellationToken? cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            if (HandleMessage?.Invoke(message) != true)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($@"{nameof(DummyNotificationsClient)} cannot process this message.");
+
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        }
+
+        public void Receive(SocketMessage message) => MessageReceived?.Invoke(message);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/INotificationsClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/INotificationsClient.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a222d0fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/INotificationsClient.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A client for asynchronous notifications sent by osu-web.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface INotificationsClient
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether this <see cref="INotificationsClient"/> is currently connected to a server.
+        /// </summary>
+        IBindable<bool> IsConnected { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoked when a new <see cref="SocketMessage"/> arrives for this client.
+        /// </summary>
+        event Action<SocketMessage>? MessageReceived;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sends a <see cref="SocketMessage"/> to the notification server.
+        /// </summary>
+        Task SendAsync(SocketMessage message, CancellationToken? cancellationToken = default);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClient.cs
index 73e5dcec6f..854f46880f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClient.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.WebSockets;
@@ -12,23 +11,20 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.TypeExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
-using osu.Game.Online.API;
-using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
-using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// A notifications client which receives events via a websocket.
     /// </summary>
-    public class WebSocketNotificationsClient : NotificationsClient
+    public class WebSocketNotificationsClient : PersistentEndpointClient
     {
+        public event Action<SocketMessage>? MessageReceived;
+
         private readonly ClientWebSocket socket;
         private readonly string endpoint;
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<long, Channel> channelsMap = new ConcurrentDictionary<long, Channel>();
 
-        public WebSocketNotificationsClient(ClientWebSocket socket, string endpoint, IAPIProvider api)
-            : base(api)
+        public WebSocketNotificationsClient(ClientWebSocket socket, string endpoint)
         {
             this.socket = socket;
             this.endpoint = endpoint;
@@ -37,11 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
         public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             await socket.ConnectAsync(new Uri(endpoint), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            await sendMessage(new StartChatRequest(), CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
-
             runReadLoop(cancellationToken);
-
-            await base.ConnectAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
         private void runReadLoop(CancellationToken cancellationToken) => Task.Run(async () =>
@@ -73,7 +65,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
                                     break;
                                 }
 
-                                await onMessageReceivedAsync(message).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                                MessageReceived?.Invoke(message);
                             }
 
                             break;
@@ -105,69 +97,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task sendMessage(SocketMessage message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public async Task SendAsync(SocketMessage message, CancellationToken? cancellationToken = default)
         {
             if (socket.State != WebSocketState.Open)
                 return;
 
-            await socket.SendAsync(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(message)), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        }
-
-        private async Task onMessageReceivedAsync(SocketMessage message)
-        {
-            switch (message.Event)
-            {
-                case @"chat.channel.join":
-                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
-
-                    Channel? joinedChannel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Channel>(message.Data.ToString());
-                    Debug.Assert(joinedChannel != null);
-
-                    HandleChannelJoined(joinedChannel);
-                    break;
-
-                case @"chat.channel.part":
-                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
-
-                    Channel? partedChannel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Channel>(message.Data.ToString());
-                    Debug.Assert(partedChannel != null);
-
-                    HandleChannelParted(partedChannel);
-                    break;
-
-                case @"chat.message.new":
-                    Debug.Assert(message.Data != null);
-
-                    NewChatMessageData? messageData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<NewChatMessageData>(message.Data.ToString());
-                    Debug.Assert(messageData != null);
-
-                    foreach (var msg in messageData.Messages)
-                        HandleChannelJoined(await getChannel(msg.ChannelId).ConfigureAwait(false));
-
-                    HandleMessages(messageData.Messages);
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private async Task<Channel> getChannel(long channelId)
-        {
-            if (channelsMap.TryGetValue(channelId, out Channel? channel))
-                return channel;
-
-            var tsc = new TaskCompletionSource<Channel>();
-            var req = new GetChannelRequest(channelId);
-
-            req.Success += response =>
-            {
-                channelsMap[channelId] = response.Channel;
-                tsc.SetResult(response.Channel);
-            };
-
-            req.Failure += ex => tsc.SetException(ex);
-
-            API.Queue(req);
-
-            return await tsc.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await socket.SendAsync(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(message)), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, cancellationToken ?? CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
         public override async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector.cs
index f50369a06c..596322d377 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/WebSocket/WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.WebSockets;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -13,26 +14,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
     /// <summary>
     /// A connector for <see cref="WebSocketNotificationsClient"/>s that receive events via a websocket.
     /// </summary>
-    public class WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector : NotificationsClientConnector
+    public class WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector : PersistentEndpointClientConnector, INotificationsClient
     {
+        public event Action<SocketMessage>? MessageReceived;
+
         private readonly IAPIProvider api;
 
         public WebSocketNotificationsClientConnector(IAPIProvider api)
             : base(api)
         {
             this.api = api;
+            Start();
         }
 
-        protected override async Task<NotificationsClient> BuildNotificationClientAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        protected override async Task<PersistentEndpointClient> BuildConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<string>();
-
             var req = new GetNotificationsRequest();
-            req.Success += bundle => tcs.SetResult(bundle.Endpoint);
-            req.Failure += ex => tcs.SetException(ex);
-            api.Queue(req);
-
-            string endpoint = await tcs.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
+            // must use `PerformAsync()`, since we may not be fully online yet
+            // (see `APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth` - in this state queued requests will not execute).
+            await api.PerformAsync(req).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            string endpoint = req.Response!.Endpoint;
 
             ClientWebSocket socket = new ClientWebSocket();
             socket.Options.SetRequestHeader(@"Authorization", @$"Bearer {api.AccessToken}");
@@ -40,7 +41,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket
             if (socket.Options.Proxy != null)
                 socket.Options.Proxy.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
 
-            return new WebSocketNotificationsClient(socket, endpoint, api);
+            var client = new WebSocketNotificationsClient(socket, endpoint);
+            client.MessageReceived += msg => MessageReceived?.Invoke(msg);
+            return client;
+        }
+
+        public Task SendAsync(SocketMessage message, CancellationToken? cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            if (CurrentConnection is not WebSocketNotificationsClient webSocketClient)
+                return Task.CompletedTask;
+
+            return webSocketClient.SendAsync(message, cancellationToken);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/OnlineStatusNotifier.cs b/osu.Game/Online/OnlineStatusNotifier.cs
index c36e4ab894..dda430ce6f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/OnlineStatusNotifier.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/OnlineStatusNotifier.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Metadata;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
+using osu.Game.Online.Notifications.WebSocket;
 using osu.Game.Online.Spectator;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
     {
         private readonly Func<IScreen> getCurrentScreen;
 
+        private INotificationsClient notificationsClient = null!;
+
         [Resolved]
         private MultiplayerClient multiplayerClient { get; set; } = null!;
 
@@ -55,9 +58,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
         private void load(IAPIProvider api)
         {
             apiState = api.State.GetBoundCopy();
+            notificationsClient = api.NotificationsClient;
             multiplayerState = multiplayerClient.IsConnected.GetBoundCopy();
             spectatorState = spectatorClient.IsConnected.GetBoundCopy();
 
+            notificationsClient.MessageReceived += notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
             multiplayerClient.Disconnecting += notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
             spectatorClient.Disconnecting += notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
             metadataClient.Disconnecting += notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
@@ -127,10 +132,27 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
             });
         }
 
+        private void notifyAboutForcedDisconnection(SocketMessage obj)
+        {
+            if (obj.Event != @"logout") return;
+
+            if (userNotified) return;
+
+            userNotified = true;
+            notificationOverlay?.Post(new SimpleErrorNotification
+            {
+                Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.ExclamationCircle,
+                Text = "You have been logged out due to a change to your account. Please log in again."
+            });
+        }
+
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
         {
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
+            if (notificationsClient.IsNotNull())
+                notificationsClient.MessageReceived += notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
+
             if (spectatorClient.IsNotNull())
                 spectatorClient.Disconnecting -= notifyAboutForcedDisconnection;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/OnlineViewContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Online/OnlineViewContainer.cs
index 46f64fbb61..824da152b2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/OnlineViewContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/OnlineViewContainer.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #nullable disable
 
+using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -79,10 +80,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
 
                 case APIState.Failing:
                 case APIState.Connecting:
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
                     PopContentOut(Content);
                     LoadingSpinner.Show();
                     placeholder.FadeOut(transform_duration / 2, Easing.OutQuint);
                     break;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
             }
         });
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/PersistentEndpointClientConnector.cs b/osu.Game/Online/PersistentEndpointClientConnector.cs
index 8c1b58a750..9e7543ce2b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/PersistentEndpointClientConnector.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/PersistentEndpointClientConnector.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.TypeExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online
@@ -31,6 +32,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
         private CancellationTokenSource connectCancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
         private bool started;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How much to delay before attempting to connect again, in milliseconds.
+        /// Subject to exponential back-off.
+        /// </summary>
+        private int retryDelay = 3000;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructs a new <see cref="PersistentEndpointClientConnector"/>.
         /// </summary>
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
                     break;
 
                 case APIState.Online:
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
                     await connect().ConfigureAwait(true);
                     break;
             }
@@ -77,13 +85,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
         private async Task connect()
         {
             cancelExistingConnect();
+            // reset retry delay to default.
+            retryDelay = 3000;
 
             if (!await connectionLock.WaitAsync(10000).ConfigureAwait(false))
                 throw new TimeoutException("Could not obtain a lock to connect. A previous attempt is likely stuck.");
 
             try
             {
-                while (apiState.Value == APIState.Online)
+                while (apiState.Value == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth || apiState.Value == APIState.Online)
                 {
                     // ensure any previous connection was disposed.
                     // this will also create a new cancellation token source.
@@ -133,8 +143,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online
         /// </summary>
         private async Task handleErrorAndDelay(Exception exception, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            Logger.Log($"{ClientName} connect attempt failed: {exception.Message}", LoggingTarget.Network);
-            await Task.Delay(5000, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            // random stagger factor to avoid mass incidental synchronisation
+            // compare: https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/Online/BanchoClient.cs#L331
+            int thisDelay = (int)(retryDelay * RNG.NextDouble(0.75, 1.25));
+            // exponential backoff with upper limit
+            // compare: https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/Online/BanchoClient.cs#L539
+            retryDelay = Math.Min(120000, (int)(retryDelay * 1.5));
+
+            Logger.Log($"{ClientName} connect attempt failed: {exception.Message}. Next attempt in {thisDelay / 1000:N0} seconds.", LoggingTarget.Network);
+            await Task.Delay(thisDelay, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Rooms/CreateRoomScoreRequest.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Rooms/CreateRoomScoreRequest.cs
index c31c6a929a..e0f91032fd 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Rooms/CreateRoomScoreRequest.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Rooms/CreateRoomScoreRequest.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.Net.Http;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Network;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Online.Rooms
@@ -11,12 +13,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Rooms
     {
         private readonly long roomId;
         private readonly long playlistItemId;
+        private readonly BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo;
+        private readonly int rulesetId;
         private readonly string versionHash;
 
-        public CreateRoomScoreRequest(long roomId, long playlistItemId, string versionHash)
+        public CreateRoomScoreRequest(long roomId, long playlistItemId, BeatmapInfo beatmapInfo, int rulesetId, string versionHash)
         {
             this.roomId = roomId;
             this.playlistItemId = playlistItemId;
+            this.beatmapInfo = beatmapInfo;
+            this.rulesetId = rulesetId;
             this.versionHash = versionHash;
         }
 
@@ -25,6 +31,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Rooms
             var req = base.CreateWebRequest();
             req.Method = HttpMethod.Post;
             req.AddParameter("version_hash", versionHash);
+            req.AddParameter("beatmap_hash", beatmapInfo.MD5Hash);
+            req.AddParameter("ruleset_id", rulesetId.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
             return req;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
index 46449fea73..2072e8633f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Solo/SoloStatisticsWatcher.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Extensions;
@@ -22,14 +22,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
     /// </summary>
     public partial class SoloStatisticsWatcher : Component
     {
+        public IBindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?> LatestUpdate => latestUpdate;
+        private readonly Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?> latestUpdate = new Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?>();
+
         [Resolved]
         private SpectatorClient spectatorClient { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
         private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private readonly Dictionary<long, StatisticsUpdateCallback> callbacks = new Dictionary<long, StatisticsUpdateCallback>();
-        private long? lastProcessedScoreId;
+        private readonly Dictionary<long, ScoreInfo> watchedScores = new Dictionary<long, ScoreInfo>();
 
         private Dictionary<string, UserStatistics>? latestStatistics;
 
@@ -45,9 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
         /// Registers for a user statistics update after the given <paramref name="score"/> has been processed server-side.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="score">The score to listen for the statistics update for.</param>
-        /// <param name="onUpdateReady">The callback to be invoked once the statistics update has been prepared.</param>
-        /// <returns>An <see cref="IDisposable"/> representing the subscription. Disposing it is equivalent to unsubscribing from future notifications.</returns>
-        public IDisposable RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(ScoreInfo score, Action<SoloStatisticsUpdate> onUpdateReady)
+        public void RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(ScoreInfo score)
         {
             Schedule(() =>
             {
@@ -57,24 +57,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
                 if (!score.Ruleset.IsLegacyRuleset() || score.OnlineID <= 0)
                     return;
 
-                var callback = new StatisticsUpdateCallback(score, onUpdateReady);
-
-                if (lastProcessedScoreId == score.OnlineID)
-                {
-                    requestStatisticsUpdate(api.LocalUser.Value.Id, callback);
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                callbacks.Add(score.OnlineID, callback);
+                watchedScores.Add(score.OnlineID, score);
             });
-
-            return new InvokeOnDisposal(() => Schedule(() => callbacks.Remove(score.OnlineID)));
         }
 
         private void onUserChanged(APIUser? localUser) => Schedule(() =>
         {
-            callbacks.Clear();
-            lastProcessedScoreId = null;
             latestStatistics = null;
 
             if (localUser == null || localUser.OnlineID <= 1)
@@ -107,25 +95,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
             if (userId != api.LocalUser.Value?.OnlineID)
                 return;
 
-            lastProcessedScoreId = scoreId;
-
-            if (!callbacks.TryGetValue(scoreId, out var callback))
+            if (!watchedScores.Remove(scoreId, out var scoreInfo))
                 return;
 
-            requestStatisticsUpdate(userId, callback);
-            callbacks.Remove(scoreId);
+            requestStatisticsUpdate(userId, scoreInfo);
         }
 
-        private void requestStatisticsUpdate(int userId, StatisticsUpdateCallback callback)
+        private void requestStatisticsUpdate(int userId, ScoreInfo scoreInfo)
         {
-            var request = new GetUserRequest(userId, callback.Score.Ruleset);
-            request.Success += user => Schedule(() => dispatchStatisticsUpdate(callback, user.Statistics));
+            var request = new GetUserRequest(userId, scoreInfo.Ruleset);
+            request.Success += user => Schedule(() => dispatchStatisticsUpdate(scoreInfo, user.Statistics));
             api.Queue(request);
         }
 
-        private void dispatchStatisticsUpdate(StatisticsUpdateCallback callback, UserStatistics updatedStatistics)
+        private void dispatchStatisticsUpdate(ScoreInfo scoreInfo, UserStatistics updatedStatistics)
         {
-            string rulesetName = callback.Score.Ruleset.ShortName;
+            string rulesetName = scoreInfo.Ruleset.ShortName;
+
+            api.UpdateStatistics(updatedStatistics);
 
             if (latestStatistics == null)
                 return;
@@ -133,9 +120,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
             latestStatistics.TryGetValue(rulesetName, out UserStatistics? latestRulesetStatistics);
             latestRulesetStatistics ??= new UserStatistics();
 
-            var update = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(callback.Score, latestRulesetStatistics, updatedStatistics);
-            callback.OnUpdateReady.Invoke(update);
-
+            latestUpdate.Value = new SoloStatisticsUpdate(scoreInfo, latestRulesetStatistics, updatedStatistics);
             latestStatistics[rulesetName] = updatedStatistics;
         }
 
@@ -146,17 +131,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Solo
 
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
         }
-
-        private class StatisticsUpdateCallback
-        {
-            public ScoreInfo Score { get; }
-            public Action<SoloStatisticsUpdate> OnUpdateReady { get; }
-
-            public StatisticsUpdateCallback(ScoreInfo score, Action<SoloStatisticsUpdate> onUpdateReady)
-            {
-                Score = score;
-                OnUpdateReady = onUpdateReady;
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Spectator/SpectatorClient.cs b/osu.Game/Online/Spectator/SpectatorClient.cs
index 7911701853..07ee9115d6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Spectator/SpectatorClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Online/Spectator/SpectatorClient.cs
@@ -264,13 +264,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Spectator
         {
             Debug.Assert(ThreadSafety.IsUpdateThread);
 
-            if (watchedUsersRefCounts.ContainsKey(userId))
+            if (!watchedUsersRefCounts.TryAdd(userId, 1))
             {
                 watchedUsersRefCounts[userId]++;
                 return;
             }
 
-            watchedUsersRefCounts.Add(userId, 1);
             WatchUserInternal(userId);
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/OsuGame.cs b/osu.Game/OsuGame.cs
index 0d6eb1ea44..9ffa88947b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/OsuGame.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/OsuGame.cs
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online;
 using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
+using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapListing;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Music;
@@ -80,6 +81,13 @@ namespace osu.Game
     [Cached(typeof(OsuGame))]
     public partial class OsuGame : OsuGameBase, IKeyBindingHandler<GlobalAction>, ILocalUserPlayInfo, IPerformFromScreenRunner, IOverlayManager, ILinkHandler
     {
+#if DEBUG
+        // Different port allows runnning release and debug builds alongside each other.
+        public const int IPC_PORT = 44824;
+#else
+        public const int IPC_PORT = 44823;
+#endif
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The amount of global offset to apply when a left/right anchored overlay is displayed (ie. settings or notifications).
         /// </summary>
@@ -623,6 +631,12 @@ namespace osu.Game
 
             var detachedSet = databasedSet.PerformRead(s => s.Detach());
 
+            if (detachedSet.DeletePending)
+            {
+                Logger.Log("The requested beatmap has since been deleted.", LoggingTarget.Information);
+                return;
+            }
+
             PerformFromScreen(screen =>
             {
                 // Find beatmaps that match our predicate.
@@ -1008,6 +1022,7 @@ namespace osu.Game
                 ScreenStack.Push(CreateLoader().With(l => l.RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both));
             });
 
+            loadComponentSingleFile(new SoloStatisticsWatcher(), Add, true);
             loadComponentSingleFile(Toolbar = new Toolbar
             {
                 OnHome = delegate
diff --git a/osu.Game/OsuGameBase.cs b/osu.Game/OsuGameBase.cs
index 4e465f59df..81e3d8bed8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/OsuGameBase.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/OsuGameBase.cs
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 using osu.Game.Online.Metadata;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
-using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
 using osu.Game.Online.Spectator;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game
         public virtual bool UseDevelopmentServer => DebugUtils.IsDebugBuild;
 
         public virtual EndpointConfiguration CreateEndpoints() =>
-            UseDevelopmentServer ? new DevelopmentEndpointConfiguration() : new ExperimentalEndpointConfiguration();
+            UseDevelopmentServer ? new DevelopmentEndpointConfiguration() : new ProductionEndpointConfiguration();
 
         public virtual Version AssemblyVersion => Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.GetName().Version ?? new Version();
 
@@ -207,7 +206,6 @@ namespace osu.Game
         protected MultiplayerClient MultiplayerClient { get; private set; }
 
         private MetadataClient metadataClient;
-        private SoloStatisticsWatcher soloStatisticsWatcher;
 
         private RealmAccess realm;
 
@@ -328,7 +326,6 @@ namespace osu.Game
             dependencies.CacheAs(SpectatorClient = new OnlineSpectatorClient(endpoints));
             dependencies.CacheAs(MultiplayerClient = new OnlineMultiplayerClient(endpoints));
             dependencies.CacheAs(metadataClient = new OnlineMetadataClient(endpoints));
-            dependencies.CacheAs(soloStatisticsWatcher = new SoloStatisticsWatcher());
 
             base.Content.Add(new BeatmapOnlineChangeIngest(beatmapUpdater, realm, metadataClient));
 
@@ -340,10 +337,6 @@ namespace osu.Game
             dependencies.Cache(beatmapCache = new BeatmapLookupCache());
             base.Content.Add(beatmapCache);
 
-            var scorePerformanceManager = new ScorePerformanceCache();
-            dependencies.Cache(scorePerformanceManager);
-            base.Content.Add(scorePerformanceManager);
-
             dependencies.CacheAs<IRulesetConfigCache>(rulesetConfigCache = new RulesetConfigCache(realm, RulesetStore));
 
             var powerStatus = CreateBatteryInfo();
@@ -375,7 +368,6 @@ namespace osu.Game
             base.Content.Add(SpectatorClient);
             base.Content.Add(MultiplayerClient);
             base.Content.Add(metadataClient);
-            base.Content.Add(soloStatisticsWatcher);
 
             base.Content.Add(rulesetConfigCache);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEmailVerification.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEmailVerification.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3b42117ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEmailVerification.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Login;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
+{
+    public partial class ScreenEmailVerification : AccountCreationScreen
+    {
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            InternalChild = new SecondFactorAuthForm
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding(20),
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEntry.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEntry.cs
index 9ad507d82a..f57c7d22a2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEntry.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenEntry.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -28,28 +27,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
 {
     public partial class ScreenEntry : AccountCreationScreen
     {
-        private ErrorTextFlowContainer usernameDescription;
-        private ErrorTextFlowContainer emailAddressDescription;
-        private ErrorTextFlowContainer passwordDescription;
+        private ErrorTextFlowContainer usernameDescription = null!;
+        private ErrorTextFlowContainer emailAddressDescription = null!;
+        private ErrorTextFlowContainer passwordDescription = null!;
 
-        private OsuTextBox usernameTextBox;
-        private OsuTextBox emailTextBox;
-        private OsuPasswordTextBox passwordTextBox;
+        private OsuTextBox usernameTextBox = null!;
+        private OsuTextBox emailTextBox = null!;
+        private OsuPasswordTextBox passwordTextBox = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; }
+        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private ShakeContainer registerShake;
-        private ITextPart characterCheckText;
+        private IBindable<APIState> apiState = null!;
 
-        private OsuTextBox[] textboxes;
-        private LoadingLayer loadingLayer;
+        private ShakeContainer registerShake = null!;
+        private ITextPart characterCheckText = null!;
+
+        private OsuTextBox[] textboxes = null!;
+        private LoadingLayer loadingLayer = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private GameHost host { get; set; }
+        private GameHost? host { get; set; }
 
         [Resolved]
-        private OsuGame game { get; set; }
+        private OsuGame? game { get; set; }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
 
             passwordTextBox.Current.BindValueChanged(_ => updateCharacterCheckTextColour(), true);
             characterCheckText.DrawablePartsRecreated += _ => updateCharacterCheckTextColour();
+
+            apiState = api.State.GetBoundCopy();
         }
 
         private void updateCharacterCheckTextColour()
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
             Task.Run(() =>
             {
                 bool success;
-                RegistrationRequest.RegistrationRequestErrors errors = null;
+                RegistrationRequest.RegistrationRequestErrors? errors = null;
 
                 try
                 {
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
                                 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(errors.Message))
                                     passwordDescription.AddErrors(new[] { errors.Message });
 
-                                game.OpenUrlExternally($"{errors.Redirect}?username={usernameTextBox.Text}&email={emailTextBox.Text}", true);
+                                game?.OpenUrlExternally($"{errors.Redirect}?username={usernameTextBox.Text}&email={emailTextBox.Text}", true);
                             }
                         }
                         else
@@ -223,6 +226,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
                         return;
                     }
 
+                    apiState.BindValueChanged(state =>
+                    {
+                        if (state.NewValue == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth)
+                            this.Push(new ScreenEmailVerification());
+                    });
+
                     api.Login(usernameTextBox.Text, passwordTextBox.Text);
                 });
             });
@@ -241,6 +250,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
             return false;
         }
 
-        private OsuTextBox nextUnfilledTextBox() => textboxes.FirstOrDefault(t => string.IsNullOrEmpty(t.Text));
+        private OsuTextBox? nextUnfilledTextBox() => textboxes.FirstOrDefault(t => string.IsNullOrEmpty(t.Text));
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenWarning.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenWarning.cs
index 0fbf6ba59e..c24bd32bb4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenWarning.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreation/ScreenWarning.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -23,14 +21,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.AccountCreation
 {
     public partial class ScreenWarning : AccountCreationScreen
     {
-        private OsuTextFlowContainer multiAccountExplanationText;
-        private LinkFlowContainer furtherAssistance;
+        private OsuTextFlowContainer multiAccountExplanationText = null!;
+        private LinkFlowContainer furtherAssistance = null!;
 
-        [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
-        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; }
+        [Resolved]
+        private IAPIProvider? api { get; set; }
 
-        [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
-        private OsuGame game { get; set; }
+        [Resolved]
+        private OsuGame? game { get; set; }
 
         private const string help_centre_url = "/help/wiki/Help_Centre#login";
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreationOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreationOverlay.cs
index ef2e055eae..82fc5508f1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreationOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/AccountCreationOverlay.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
+using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
@@ -24,7 +23,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
     {
         private const float transition_time = 400;
 
-        private ScreenWelcome welcomeScreen;
+        private ScreenWelcome welcomeScreen = null!;
+
+        private ScheduledDelegate? scheduledHide;
 
         public AccountCreationOverlay()
         {
@@ -107,8 +108,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
             this.FadeOut(100);
         }
 
-        private ScheduledDelegate scheduledHide;
-
         private void apiStateChanged(ValueChangedEvent<APIState> state)
         {
             switch (state.NewValue)
@@ -118,12 +117,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
                     break;
 
                 case APIState.Connecting:
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
                     break;
 
                 case APIState.Online:
                     scheduledHide?.Cancel();
                     scheduledHide = Schedule(Hide);
                     break;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/ScoreTable.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/ScoreTable.cs
index 1fc997fdad..7a817c43eb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/ScoreTable.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/ScoreTable.cs
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Scoring.Drawables;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Scores
 {
@@ -180,10 +180,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Scores
 
             if (showPerformancePoints)
             {
-                if (score.PP != null)
-                    content.Add(new StatisticText(score.PP, format: @"N0"));
+                if (!score.Ranked)
+                {
+                    content.Add(new SpriteTextWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Text = "-",
+                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: text_size),
+                        TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusNoPp
+                    });
+                }
+                else if (score.PP == null)
+                {
+                    content.Add(new SpriteIconWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Sync,
+                        Size = new Vector2(text_size),
+                        TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusProcessing,
+                    });
+                }
                 else
-                    content.Add(new UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder { Size = new Vector2(text_size) });
+                    content.Add(new StatisticText(score.PP, format: @"N0"));
             }
 
             content.Add(new ScoreboardTime(score.Date, text_size)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/TopScoreStatisticsSection.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/TopScoreStatisticsSection.cs
index 72e590b009..17704f63ee 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/TopScoreStatisticsSection.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/BeatmapSet/Scores/TopScoreStatisticsSection.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
-using osu.Game.Scoring.Drawables;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Scores
@@ -125,10 +124,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.BeatmapSet.Scores
 
                 ppColumn.Alpha = value.BeatmapInfo!.Status.GrantsPerformancePoints() ? 1 : 0;
 
-                if (value.PP is double pp)
-                    ppColumn.Text = pp.ToLocalisableString(@"N0");
+                if (!value.Ranked)
+                {
+                    ppColumn.Drawable = new SpriteTextWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Text = "-",
+                        Font = smallFont,
+                        TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusNoPp
+                    };
+                }
+                else if (value.PP is not double pp)
+                {
+                    ppColumn.Drawable = new SpriteIconWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Sync,
+                        Size = new Vector2(smallFont.Size),
+                        TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusProcessing,
+                    };
+                }
                 else
-                    ppColumn.Drawable = new UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder { Size = new Vector2(smallFont.Size) };
+                    ppColumn.Text = pp.ToLocalisableString(@"N0");
 
                 statisticsColumns.ChildrenEnumerable = value.GetStatisticsForDisplay().Select(createStatisticsColumn);
                 modsColumn.Mods = value.Mods;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Changelog/ChangelogUpdateStreamItem.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Changelog/ChangelogUpdateStreamItem.cs
index 08ea373fb1..30273d2405 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Changelog/ChangelogUpdateStreamItem.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Changelog/ChangelogUpdateStreamItem.cs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Changelog
 
         protected override LocalisableString AdditionalText => Value.LatestBuild.DisplayVersion;
 
-        protected override LocalisableString InfoText => Value.LatestBuild.Users > 0 ? $"{"user".ToQuantity(Value.LatestBuild.Users, "N0")} online" : null;
+        protected override LocalisableString InfoText => Value.UserCount > 0 ? $"{"user".ToQuantity(Value.UserCount, "N0")} online" : null;
 
         protected override Color4 GetBarColour(OsuColour colours) => Value.Colour;
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/Listing/ChannelListing.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/Listing/ChannelListing.cs
index 809ea2f11d..1699dcceb0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/Listing/ChannelListing.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Chat/Listing/ChannelListing.cs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Chat.Listing
             flow.ChildrenEnumerable = newChannels.Where(c => c.Type == ChannelType.Public)
                                                  .Select(c => new ChannelListingItem(c));
 
-            foreach (var item in flow.Children)
+            foreach (var item in flow)
             {
                 item.OnRequestJoin += channel => OnRequestJoin?.Invoke(channel);
                 item.OnRequestLeave += channel => OnRequestLeave?.Invoke(channel);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentAuthorLine.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentAuthorLine.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f6fef4df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentAuthorLine.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
+{
+    public partial class CommentAuthorLine : FillFlowContainer
+    {
+        private readonly Comment comment;
+        private readonly IReadOnlyList<CommentableMeta> meta;
+
+        private OsuSpriteText deletedLabel = null!;
+
+        public CommentAuthorLine(Comment comment, IReadOnlyList<CommentableMeta> meta)
+        {
+            this.comment = comment;
+            this.meta = meta;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
+            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
+            Spacing = new Vector2(4, 0);
+
+            Add(new LinkFlowContainer(s => s.Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold))
+            {
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both
+            }.With(username =>
+            {
+                if (comment.UserId.HasValue)
+                    username.AddUserLink(comment.User);
+                else
+                    username.AddText(comment.LegacyName!);
+            }));
+
+            var ownerMeta = meta.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Id == comment.CommentableId && m.Type == comment.CommentableType);
+
+            if (ownerMeta?.OwnerId != null && ownerMeta.OwnerId == comment.UserId)
+            {
+                Add(new OwnerTitleBadge(ownerMeta.OwnerTitle ?? string.Empty)
+                {
+                    // add top space to align with username
+                    Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = 1f },
+                });
+            }
+
+            if (comment.Pinned)
+                Add(new PinnedCommentNotice());
+
+            Add(new ParentUsername(comment));
+
+            Add(deletedLabel = new OsuSpriteText
+            {
+                Alpha = 0f,
+                Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                Text = CommentsStrings.Deleted
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void MarkDeleted()
+        {
+            deletedLabel.Show();
+        }
+
+        private partial class OwnerTitleBadge : CircularContainer
+        {
+            private readonly string title;
+
+            public OwnerTitleBadge(string title)
+            {
+                this.title = title;
+            }
+
+            [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+            private void load(OverlayColourProvider colourProvider)
+            {
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
+                Masking = true;
+
+                InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    new Box
+                    {
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                        Colour = colourProvider.Light1,
+                    },
+                    new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Text = title,
+                        Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 10, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                        Margin = new MarginPadding { Vertical = 2, Horizontal = 5 },
+                        Colour = colourProvider.Background6,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        private partial class PinnedCommentNotice : FillFlowContainer
+        {
+            public PinnedCommentNotice()
+            {
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
+                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
+                Spacing = new Vector2(2, 0);
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    new SpriteIcon
+                    {
+                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Thumbtack,
+                        Size = new Vector2(14),
+                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                        Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                    },
+                    new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                        Text = CommentsStrings.Pinned,
+                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                        Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        private partial class ParentUsername : FillFlowContainer, IHasTooltip
+        {
+            public LocalisableString TooltipText => getParentMessage();
+
+            private readonly Comment? parentComment;
+
+            public ParentUsername(Comment comment)
+            {
+                parentComment = comment.ParentComment;
+
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
+                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
+                Spacing = new Vector2(3, 0);
+                Alpha = comment.ParentId == null ? 0 : 1;
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    new SpriteIcon
+                    {
+                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Reply,
+                        Size = new Vector2(14),
+                    },
+                    new OsuSpriteText
+                    {
+                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold, italics: true),
+                        Text = parentComment?.User?.Username ?? parentComment?.LegacyName!
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            private LocalisableString getParentMessage()
+            {
+                if (parentComment == null)
+                    return string.Empty;
+
+                return parentComment.HasMessage ? parentComment.Message : parentComment.IsDeleted ? CommentsStrings.Deleted : string.Empty;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentsContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentsContainer.cs
index b4e9a80ff1..2e5f13aa99 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentsContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/CommentsContainer.cs
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
 
             void addNewComment(Comment comment)
             {
-                var drawableComment = GetDrawableComment(comment);
+                var drawableComment = GetDrawableComment(comment, bundle.CommentableMeta);
 
                 if (comment.ParentId == null)
                 {
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
                 if (CommentDictionary.ContainsKey(comment.Id))
                     continue;
 
-                topLevelComments.Add(GetDrawableComment(comment));
+                topLevelComments.Add(GetDrawableComment(comment, bundle.CommentableMeta));
             }
 
             if (topLevelComments.Any())
@@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
             }
         }
 
-        public DrawableComment GetDrawableComment(Comment comment)
+        public DrawableComment GetDrawableComment(Comment comment, IReadOnlyList<CommentableMeta> meta)
         {
             if (CommentDictionary.TryGetValue(comment.Id, out var existing))
                 return existing;
 
-            return CommentDictionary[comment.Id] = new DrawableComment(comment)
+            return CommentDictionary[comment.Id] = new DrawableComment(comment, meta)
             {
                 ShowDeleted = { BindTarget = ShowDeleted },
                 Sort = { BindTarget = Sort },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/DrawableComment.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/DrawableComment.cs
index ceae17aa5d..afd4b96c68 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/DrawableComment.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/DrawableComment.cs
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osuTK;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Users.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
 using System.Collections.Specialized;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
-using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
@@ -42,6 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
         public Action<DrawableComment, int> RepliesRequested = null!;
 
         public readonly Comment Comment;
+        public readonly IReadOnlyList<CommentableMeta> Meta;
 
         public readonly BindableBool ShowDeleted = new BindableBool();
         public readonly Bindable<CommentsSortCriteria> Sort = new Bindable<CommentsSortCriteria>();
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
         private LinkFlowContainer actionsContainer = null!;
         private LoadingSpinner actionsLoading = null!;
         private DeletedCommentsCounter deletedCommentsCounter = null!;
-        private OsuSpriteText deletedLabel = null!;
+        private CommentAuthorLine author = null!;
         private GridContainer content = null!;
         private VotePill votePill = null!;
         private Container<CommentEditor> replyEditorContainer = null!;
@@ -90,15 +88,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
         [Resolved]
         private OnScreenDisplay? onScreenDisplay { get; set; }
 
-        public DrawableComment(Comment comment)
+        public DrawableComment(Comment comment, IReadOnlyList<CommentableMeta> meta)
         {
             Comment = comment;
+            Meta = meta;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OverlayColourProvider colourProvider, DrawableComment? parentComment)
         {
-            LinkFlowContainer username;
             FillFlowContainer info;
             CommentMarkdownContainer message;
 
@@ -174,27 +172,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
                                             },
                                             Children = new Drawable[]
                                             {
-                                                new FillFlowContainer
-                                                {
-                                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                                                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                                                    Spacing = new Vector2(10, 0),
-                                                    Children = new[]
-                                                    {
-                                                        username = new LinkFlowContainer(s => s.Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold))
-                                                        {
-                                                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both
-                                                        },
-                                                        Comment.Pinned ? new PinnedCommentNotice() : Empty(),
-                                                        new ParentUsername(Comment),
-                                                        deletedLabel = new OsuSpriteText
-                                                        {
-                                                            Alpha = 0f,
-                                                            Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                                                            Text = CommentsStrings.Deleted
-                                                        }
-                                                    }
-                                                },
+                                                author = new CommentAuthorLine(Comment, Meta),
                                                 message = new CommentMarkdownContainer
                                                 {
                                                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
@@ -218,7 +196,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
                                                             {
                                                                 new DrawableDate(Comment.CreatedAt, 12, false)
                                                                 {
-                                                                    Colour = colourProvider.Foreground1
+                                                                    Colour = colourProvider.Foreground1,
                                                                 }
                                                             }
                                                         },
@@ -311,11 +289,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
                 }
             };
 
-            if (Comment.UserId.HasValue)
-                username.AddUserLink(Comment.User);
-            else
-                username.AddText(Comment.LegacyName!);
-
             if (Comment.EditedAt.HasValue && Comment.EditedUser != null)
             {
                 var font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 12, weight: FontWeight.Regular);
@@ -400,7 +373,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
         /// </summary>
         private void makeDeleted()
         {
-            deletedLabel.Show();
+            author.MarkDeleted();
             content.FadeColour(OsuColour.Gray(0.5f));
             votePill.Hide();
             actionsContainer.Expire();
@@ -547,70 +520,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
                 Top = 10
             };
         }
-
-        private partial class PinnedCommentNotice : FillFlowContainer
-        {
-            public PinnedCommentNotice()
-            {
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
-                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
-                Spacing = new Vector2(2, 0);
-                Children = new Drawable[]
-                {
-                    new SpriteIcon
-                    {
-                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Thumbtack,
-                        Size = new Vector2(14),
-                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                        Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                    },
-                    new OsuSpriteText
-                    {
-                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                        Text = CommentsStrings.Pinned,
-                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                        Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        }
-
-        private partial class ParentUsername : FillFlowContainer, IHasTooltip
-        {
-            public LocalisableString TooltipText => getParentMessage();
-
-            private readonly Comment? parentComment;
-
-            public ParentUsername(Comment comment)
-            {
-                parentComment = comment.ParentComment;
-
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
-                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
-                Spacing = new Vector2(3, 0);
-                Alpha = comment.ParentId == null ? 0 : 1;
-                Children = new Drawable[]
-                {
-                    new SpriteIcon
-                    {
-                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Reply,
-                        Size = new Vector2(14),
-                    },
-                    new OsuSpriteText
-                    {
-                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 14, weight: FontWeight.Bold, italics: true),
-                        Text = parentComment?.User?.Username ?? parentComment?.LegacyName!
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-
-            private LocalisableString getParentMessage()
-            {
-                if (parentComment == null)
-                    return string.Empty;
-
-                return parentComment.HasMessage ? parentComment.Message : parentComment.IsDeleted ? CommentsStrings.Deleted : string.Empty;
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/ReplyCommentEditor.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/ReplyCommentEditor.cs
index dd4c35ef20..8e9e82507d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/ReplyCommentEditor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/ReplyCommentEditor.cs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
             foreach (var comment in cb.Comments)
                 comment.ParentComment = parentComment;
 
-            var drawables = cb.Comments.Select(commentsContainer.GetDrawableComment).ToArray();
+            var drawables = cb.Comments.Select(c => commentsContainer.GetDrawableComment(c, cb.CommentableMeta)).ToArray();
             OnPost?.Invoke(drawables);
 
             OnCancel!.Invoke();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/VotePill.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/VotePill.cs
index dd418a9e58..8c5aaa062f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/VotePill.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Comments/VotePill.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Comments
 
         public Color4 AccentColour { get; set; }
 
-        protected override IEnumerable<Drawable> EffectTargets => null;
+        protected override IEnumerable<Drawable> EffectTargets => Enumerable.Empty<Drawable>();
 
         [Resolved]
         private IAPIProvider api { get; set; }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/FirstRunSetup/ScreenImportFromStable.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/FirstRunSetup/ScreenImportFromStable.cs
index 24ac5e72e8..b19a9c6c99 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/FirstRunSetup/ScreenImportFromStable.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/FirstRunSetup/ScreenImportFromStable.cs
@@ -127,18 +127,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.FirstRunSetup
 
             if (available)
             {
-                copyInformation.Text =
-                    "Data migration will use \"hard links\". No extra disk space will be used, and you can delete either data folder at any point without affecting the other installation. ";
-
-                copyInformation.AddLink("Learn more about how \"hard links\" work", LinkAction.OpenWiki, @"Client/Release_stream/Lazer/File_storage#via-hard-links");
+                copyInformation.Text = FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.DataMigrationNoExtraSpace;
+                copyInformation.AddLink(FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.LearnAboutHardLinks, LinkAction.OpenWiki, @"Client/Release_stream/Lazer/File_storage#via-hard-links");
             }
             else if (!RuntimeInfo.IsDesktop)
-                copyInformation.Text = "Lightweight linking of files is not supported on your operating system yet, so a copy of all files will be made during import.";
+                copyInformation.Text = FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.LightweightLinkingNotSupported;
             else
             {
                 copyInformation.Text = RuntimeInfo.OS == RuntimeInfo.Platform.Windows
-                    ? "A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system is NTFS). "
-                    : "A second copy of all files will be made during import. To avoid this, please make sure the lazer data folder is on the same drive as your previous osu! install (and the file system supports hard links). ";
+                    ? FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.SecondCopyWillBeMadeWindows
+                    : FirstRunOverlayImportFromStableScreenStrings.SecondCopyWillBeMadeOtherPlatforms;
+                copyInformation.AddText(@" "); // just to ensure correct spacing
                 copyInformation.AddLink(GeneralSettingsStrings.ChangeFolderLocation, () =>
                 {
                     game?.PerformFromScreen(menu => menu.Push(new MigrationSelectScreen()));
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginForm.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginForm.cs
index 0eef55162f..80dfca93d2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginForm.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginForm.cs
@@ -32,13 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
 
         public Action? RequestHide;
 
-        private void performLogin()
-        {
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username.Text) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password.Text))
-                api.Login(username.Text, password.Text);
-            else
-                shakeSignIn.Shake();
-        }
+        public override bool AcceptsFocus => true;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(permitNulls: true)]
         private void load(OsuConfigManager config, AccountCreationOverlay accountCreation)
@@ -144,7 +138,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
             }
         }
 
-        public override bool AcceptsFocus => true;
+        private void performLogin()
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username.Text) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password.Text))
+                api.Login(username.Text, password.Text);
+            else
+                shakeSignIn.Shake();
+        }
 
         protected override bool OnClick(ClickEvent e) => true;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
index b0af2fa273..25bf612bc3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/LoginPanel.cs
@@ -25,12 +25,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
     {
         private bool bounding = true;
 
-        private LoginForm? form;
+        private Drawable? form;
 
         [Resolved]
         private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private UserGridPanel panel = null!;
         private UserDropdown dropdown = null!;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
         public Action? RequestHide;
 
         private readonly IBindable<APIState> apiState = new Bindable<APIState>();
+        private readonly Bindable<UserStatus?> userStatus = new Bindable<UserStatus?>();
 
         [Resolved]
         private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                     };
                     break;
 
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
+                    Child = form = new SecondFactorAuthForm();
+                    break;
+
                 case APIState.Failing:
                 case APIState.Connecting:
                     LinkFlowContainer linkFlow;
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                                 Text = LoginPanelStrings.SignedIn,
                                 Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 18, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
                             },
-                            panel = new UserGridPanel(api.LocalUser.Value)
+                            new UserRankPanel(api.LocalUser.Value)
                             {
                                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                                 Action = RequestHide
@@ -140,10 +144,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                         },
                     };
 
-                    panel.Status.BindTo(api.LocalUser.Value.Status);
-                    panel.Activity.BindTo(api.LocalUser.Value.Activity);
-
-                    panel.Status.BindValueChanged(_ => updateDropdownCurrent(), true);
+                    userStatus.BindTo(api.LocalUser.Value.Status);
+                    userStatus.BindValueChanged(e => updateDropdownCurrent(e.NewValue), true);
 
                     dropdown.Current.BindValueChanged(action =>
                     {
@@ -176,9 +178,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
                 ScheduleAfterChildren(() => GetContainingInputManager()?.ChangeFocus(form));
         });
 
-        private void updateDropdownCurrent()
+        private void updateDropdownCurrent(UserStatus? status)
         {
-            switch (panel.Status.Value)
+            switch (status)
             {
                 case UserStatus.Online:
                     dropdown.Current.Value = UserAction.Online;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/SecondFactorAuthForm.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/SecondFactorAuthForm.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcd3119f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Login/SecondFactorAuthForm.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Logging;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Login
+{
+    public partial class SecondFactorAuthForm : Container
+    {
+        private OsuTextBox codeTextBox = null!;
+        private LinkFlowContainer explainText = null!;
+        private ErrorTextFlowContainer errorText = null!;
+
+        private LoadingLayer loading = null!;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+
+            Children = new Drawable[]
+            {
+                new FillFlowContainer
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                    Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                    Spacing = new Vector2(0, SettingsSection.ITEM_SPACING),
+                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        new FillFlowContainer
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = SettingsPanel.CONTENT_MARGINS },
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(0f, SettingsSection.ITEM_SPACING),
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                new OsuTextFlowContainer(s => s.Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Regular))
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                    Text = "An email has been sent to you with a verification code. Enter the code.",
+                                },
+                                codeTextBox = new OsuTextBox
+                                {
+                                    PlaceholderText = "Enter code",
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                    TabbableContentContainer = this,
+                                },
+                                explainText = new LinkFlowContainer(s => s.Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Regular))
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                },
+                                errorText = new ErrorTextFlowContainer
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                        new LinkFlowContainer
+                        {
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = SettingsPanel.CONTENT_MARGINS },
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+                loading = new LoadingLayer(true)
+                {
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Vertical = -SettingsSection.ITEM_SPACING },
+                }
+            };
+
+            explainText.AddParagraph(UserVerificationStrings.BoxInfoCheckSpam);
+            // We can't support localisable strings with nested links yet. Not sure if we even can (probably need to allow markdown link formatting or something).
+            explainText.AddParagraph("If you can't access your email or have forgotten what you used, please follow the ");
+            explainText.AddLink(UserVerificationStrings.BoxInfoRecoverLink, $"{api.WebsiteRootUrl}/home/password-reset");
+            explainText.AddText(". You can also ");
+            explainText.AddLink(UserVerificationStrings.BoxInfoReissueLink, () =>
+            {
+                loading.Show();
+
+                var reissueRequest = new ReissueVerificationCodeRequest();
+                reissueRequest.Failure += ex =>
+                {
+                    Logger.Error(ex, @"Failed to retrieve new verification code.");
+                    loading.Hide();
+                };
+                reissueRequest.Success += () =>
+                {
+                    loading.Hide();
+                };
+
+                Task.Run(() => api.Perform(reissueRequest));
+            });
+            explainText.AddText(" or ");
+            explainText.AddLink(UserVerificationStrings.BoxInfoLogoutLink, () => { api.Logout(); });
+            explainText.AddText(".");
+
+            codeTextBox.Current.BindValueChanged(code =>
+            {
+                if (code.NewValue.Length == 8)
+                {
+                    api.AuthenticateSecondFactor(code.NewValue);
+                    codeTextBox.Current.Disabled = true;
+                }
+            });
+
+            if (api.LastLoginError?.Message is string error)
+            {
+                errorText.Alpha = 1;
+                errorText.AddErrors(new[] { error });
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override bool AcceptsFocus => true;
+
+        protected override bool OnClick(ClickEvent e) => true;
+
+        protected override void OnFocus(FocusEvent e)
+        {
+            Schedule(() => { GetContainingInputManager().ChangeFocus(codeTextBox); });
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/MedalSplash/DrawableMedal.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/MedalSplash/DrawableMedal.cs
index a25147b69f..f4f6fd2bc1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/MedalSplash/DrawableMedal.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/MedalSplash/DrawableMedal.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework;
 using osuTK;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.MedalSplash
         private const float scale_when_unlocked = 0.76f;
         private const float scale_when_full = 0.6f;
 
+        [CanBeNull]
         public event Action<DisplayState> StateChanged;
 
         private readonly Medal medal;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/BeatmapAttributesDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/BeatmapAttributesDisplay.cs
index 94dd96ec1c..b9e4896b21 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/BeatmapAttributesDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/BeatmapAttributesDisplay.cs
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
         private partial class BPMDisplay : RollingCounter<double>
         {
-            protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
+            protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
             protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => count.ToLocalisableString("0 BPM");
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/EditPresetPopover.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/EditPresetPopover.cs
index 8bce57c96a..9554ba8ce2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/EditPresetPopover.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/EditPresetPopover.cs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     {
                         Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
                         Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
-                        Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                         AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                         Spacing = new Vector2(7),
                         Children = new Drawable[]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectColumn.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectColumn.cs
index 1c56763bd9..b2c5a054e1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectColumn.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectColumn.cs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
                 var hsv = new Colour4(value.R, value.G, value.B, 1f).ToHSV();
                 var trianglesColour = Colour4.FromHSV(hsv.X, hsv.Y + 0.2f, hsv.Z - 0.1f);
-                triangles.Colour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(trianglesColour, trianglesColour.MultiplyAlpha(0f));
+                triangles.Colour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(trianglesColour, value);
             }
         }
 
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                                     Height = header_height,
                                     Shear = new Vector2(-ShearedOverlayContainer.SHEAR, 0),
                                     Velocity = 0.7f,
+                                    ClampAxes = Axes.Y
                                 },
                                 headerText = new OsuTextFlowContainer(t =>
                                 {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
index baa7e594c1..ddf96c1cb3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ModSelectOverlay.cs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private DeselectAllModsButton deselectAllModsButton = null!;
 
         private Container aboveColumnsContent = null!;
-        private ScoreMultiplierDisplay? multiplierDisplay;
+        private RankingInformationDisplay? rankingInformationDisplay;
         private BeatmapAttributesDisplay? beatmapAttributesDisplay;
 
         protected ShearedButton BackButton { get; private set; } = null!;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                 aboveColumnsContent = new Container
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
-                    Height = ScoreMultiplierDisplay.HEIGHT,
+                    Height = RankingInformationDisplay.HEIGHT,
                     Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = 100 },
                     Child = SearchTextBox = new ShearedSearchTextBox
                     {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     {
                         Padding = new MarginPadding
                         {
-                            Top = ScoreMultiplierDisplay.HEIGHT + PADDING,
+                            Top = RankingInformationDisplay.HEIGHT + PADDING,
                             Bottom = PADDING
                         },
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     },
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        multiplierDisplay = new ScoreMultiplierDisplay
+                        rankingInformationDisplay = new RankingInformationDisplay
                         {
                             Anchor = Anchor.BottomRight,
                             Origin = Anchor.BottomRight
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
             SelectedMods.BindValueChanged(_ =>
             {
-                updateMultiplier();
+                updateRankingInformation();
                 updateFromExternalSelection();
                 updateCustomisation();
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     //
                     // See https://github.com/ppy/osu/pull/23284#issuecomment-1529056988
                     modSettingChangeTracker = new ModSettingChangeTracker(SelectedMods.Value);
-                    modSettingChangeTracker.SettingChanged += _ => updateMultiplier();
+                    modSettingChangeTracker.SettingChanged += _ => updateRankingInformation();
                 }
             }, true);
 
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private void filterMods()
         {
             foreach (var modState in AllAvailableMods)
-                modState.ValidForSelection.Value = modState.Mod.HasImplementation && IsValidMod.Invoke(modState.Mod);
+                modState.ValidForSelection.Value = modState.Mod.Type != ModType.System && modState.Mod.HasImplementation && IsValidMod.Invoke(modState.Mod);
         }
 
-        private void updateMultiplier()
+        private void updateRankingInformation()
         {
-            if (multiplierDisplay == null)
+            if (rankingInformationDisplay == null)
                 return;
 
             double multiplier = 1.0;
@@ -460,7 +460,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
             foreach (var mod in SelectedMods.Value)
                 multiplier *= mod.ScoreMultiplier;
 
-            multiplierDisplay.Current.Value = multiplier;
+            rankingInformationDisplay.ModMultiplier.Value = multiplier;
+            rankingInformationDisplay.Ranked.Value = SelectedMods.Value.All(m => m.Ranked);
         }
 
         private void updateCustomisation()
@@ -719,7 +720,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     ModState? firstMod = columnFlow.Columns.OfType<ModColumn>().FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsPresent)?.AvailableMods.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Visible);
 
                     if (firstMod is not null)
+                    {
                         firstMod.Active.Value = !firstMod.Active.Value;
+                        SearchTextBox.SelectAll();
+                    }
 
                     return true;
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/RankingInformationDisplay.cs
similarity index 59%
rename from osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
rename to osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/RankingInformationDisplay.cs
index b599b53082..494f8a377f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/ScoreMultiplierDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/RankingInformationDisplay.cs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -22,15 +22,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
     /// <summary>
     /// On the mod select overlay, this provides a local updating view of the aggregate score multiplier coming from mods.
     /// </summary>
-    public partial class ScoreMultiplierDisplay : ModFooterInformationDisplay, IHasCurrentValue<double>
+    public partial class RankingInformationDisplay : ModFooterInformationDisplay
     {
         public const float HEIGHT = 42;
 
-        public Bindable<double> Current
-        {
-            get => current.Current;
-            set => current.Current = value;
-        }
+        public Bindable<double> ModMultiplier = new BindableDouble(1);
+
+        public Bindable<bool> Ranked { get; } = new BindableBool(true);
 
         private readonly BindableWithCurrent<double> current = new BindableWithCurrent<double>();
 
@@ -39,16 +37,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private RollingCounter<double> counter = null!;
 
         private Box flashLayer = null!;
+        private TextWithTooltip rankedText = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
         private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public ScoreMultiplierDisplay()
-        {
-            Current.Default = 1d;
-            Current.Value = 1d;
-        }
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
@@ -75,13 +68,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
             LeftContent.AddRange(new Drawable[]
             {
-                new OsuSpriteText
+                new Container
                 {
+                    Width = 50,
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                    Margin = new MarginPadding(10),
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Shear = new Vector2(-ShearedOverlayContainer.SHEAR, 0),
-                    Text = ModSelectOverlayStrings.ScoreMultiplier,
-                    Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold)
+                    Child = rankedText = new TextWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                        Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                        Shear = new Vector2(-ShearedOverlayContainer.SHEAR, 0),
+                        Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold)
+                    }
                 }
             });
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                     Shear = new Vector2(-ShearedOverlayContainer.SHEAR, 0),
                     Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                     Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Current = { BindTarget = Current }
+                    Current = { BindTarget = ModMultiplier }
                 }
             });
         }
@@ -106,30 +106,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
 
-            Current.BindValueChanged(e =>
+            ModMultiplier.BindValueChanged(e =>
             {
-                if (e.NewValue > Current.Default)
+                if (e.NewValue > ModMultiplier.Default)
                 {
-                    MainBackground
-                        .FadeColour(colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyIncrease), transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
-                    counter.FadeColour(ColourProvider.Background5, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    counter.FadeColour(colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyIncrease), transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
                 }
-                else if (e.NewValue < Current.Default)
+                else if (e.NewValue < ModMultiplier.Default)
                 {
-                    MainBackground
-                        .FadeColour(colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyReduction), transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
-                    counter.FadeColour(ColourProvider.Background5, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    counter.FadeColour(colours.ForModType(ModType.DifficultyReduction), transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    MainBackground.FadeColour(ColourProvider.Background4, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
                     counter.FadeColour(Colour4.White, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
                 }
 
-                flashLayer
-                    .FadeOutFromOne()
-                    .FadeTo(0.15f, 60, Easing.OutQuint)
-                    .Then().FadeOut(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+                flash();
 
                 const float move_amount = 4;
                 if (e.NewValue > e.OldValue)
@@ -140,12 +132,45 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
             // required to prevent the counter initially rolling up from 0 to 1
             // due to `Current.Value` having a nonstandard default value of 1.
-            counter.SetCountWithoutRolling(Current.Value);
+            counter.SetCountWithoutRolling(ModMultiplier.Value);
+
+            Ranked.BindValueChanged(e =>
+            {
+                flash();
+
+                if (e.NewValue)
+                {
+                    rankedText.Text = ModSelectOverlayStrings.Ranked;
+                    rankedText.TooltipText = ModSelectOverlayStrings.RankedExplanation;
+                    rankedText.FadeColour(Colour4.White, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    FrontBackground.FadeColour(ColourProvider.Background3, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    rankedText.Text = ModSelectOverlayStrings.Unranked;
+                    rankedText.TooltipText = ModSelectOverlayStrings.UnrankedExplanation;
+                    rankedText.FadeColour(ColourProvider.Background5, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    FrontBackground.FadeColour(colours.Orange1, transition_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+                }
+            }, true);
         }
 
-        private partial class EffectCounter : RollingCounter<double>
+        private void flash()
         {
-            protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
+            flashLayer
+                .FadeOutFromOne()
+                .FadeTo(0.15f, 60, Easing.OutQuint)
+                .Then().FadeOut(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+        }
+
+        private partial class TextWithTooltip : OsuSpriteText, IHasTooltip
+        {
+            public LocalisableString TooltipText { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        private partial class EffectCounter : RollingCounter<double>, IHasTooltip
+        {
+            protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
             protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => ModUtils.FormatScoreMultiplier(count);
 
@@ -155,6 +180,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                 Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 17, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold)
             };
+
+            public LocalisableString TooltipText => ModSelectOverlayStrings.ScoreMultiplier;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
index b6b3051a0d..1da762d164 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/SelectAllModsButton.cs
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
         private void updateEnabledState()
         {
             Enabled.Value = availableMods.Value
-                                         .Where(pair => pair.Key != ModType.System)
                                          .SelectMany(pair => pair.Value)
+                                         .Where(modState => modState.ValidForSelection.Value)
                                          .Any(modState => !modState.Active.Value && modState.Visible);
         }
     }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/VerticalAttributeDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/VerticalAttributeDisplay.cs
index 33b7eaae1c..a3e24b486f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/VerticalAttributeDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Mods/VerticalAttributeDisplay.cs
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Mods
 
         private partial class EffectCounter : RollingCounter<double>
         {
-            protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
+            protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
             protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => count.ToLocalisableString("0.0#");
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Music/PlaylistOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Music/PlaylistOverlay.cs
index 7784643163..6ecd0f51d3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Music/PlaylistOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Music/PlaylistOverlay.cs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Music
             foreach (int i in changes.InsertedIndices)
                 beatmapSets.Insert(i, sender[i].ToLive(realm));
 
-            foreach (int i in changes.DeletedIndices.OrderByDescending(i => i))
+            foreach (int i in changes.DeletedIndices.OrderDescending())
                 beatmapSets.RemoveAt(i);
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/NowPlayingOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/NowPlayingOverlay.cs
index 7ec52364d4..ab99370603 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/NowPlayingOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/NowPlayingOverlay.cs
@@ -405,6 +405,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                         Colour = OsuColour.Gray(150),
                         FillMode = FillMode.Fill,
+                        Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                        Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                     },
                     new Box
                     {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/OverlayStreamControl.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/OverlayStreamControl.cs
index 84de384fb5..bc37a57cab 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/OverlayStreamControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/OverlayStreamControl.cs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
 
         protected override bool OnHover(HoverEvent e)
         {
-            foreach (var streamBadge in TabContainer.Children.OfType<OverlayStreamItem<T>>())
+            foreach (var streamBadge in TabContainer.OfType<OverlayStreamItem<T>>())
                 streamBadge.UserHoveringArea = true;
 
             return base.OnHover(e);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
 
         protected override void OnHoverLost(HoverLostEvent e)
         {
-            foreach (var streamBadge in TabContainer.Children.OfType<OverlayStreamItem<T>>())
+            foreach (var streamBadge in TabContainer.OfType<OverlayStreamItem<T>>())
                 streamBadge.UserHoveringArea = false;
 
             base.OnHoverLost(e);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Header/BottomHeaderContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Header/BottomHeaderContainer.cs
index 85751e7457..d5b4d844b2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Header/BottomHeaderContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Header/BottomHeaderContainer.cs
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header
 
             bool anyInfoAdded = false;
 
-            anyInfoAdded |= tryAddInfo(FontAwesome.Solid.MapMarker, user.Location);
-            anyInfoAdded |= tryAddInfo(FontAwesome.Solid.Heart, user.Interests);
+            anyInfoAdded |= tryAddInfo(FontAwesome.Solid.MapMarkerAlt, user.Location);
+            anyInfoAdded |= tryAddInfo(FontAwesome.Regular.Heart, user.Interests);
             anyInfoAdded |= tryAddInfo(FontAwesome.Solid.Suitcase, user.Occupation);
 
             if (anyInfoAdded)
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header
 
             bottomLinkContainer.AddIcon(icon, text =>
             {
-                text.Font = text.Font.With(size: 10);
+                text.Font = text.Font.With(icon.Family, 10, icon.Weight);
                 text.Colour = iconColour;
             });
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Sections/Ranks/DrawableProfileScore.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Sections/Ranks/DrawableProfileScore.cs
index c26f2f19ba..63afca8b74 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Sections/Ranks/DrawableProfileScore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Profile/Sections/Ranks/DrawableProfileScore.cs
@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@ using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Online.Leaderboards;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
-using osu.Game.Scoring.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK;
 
@@ -213,42 +214,75 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Sections.Ranks
 
         private Drawable createDrawablePerformance()
         {
-            if (!Score.PP.HasValue)
-            {
-                if (Score.Beatmap?.Status.GrantsPerformancePoints() == true)
-                    return new UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder { Size = new Vector2(16), Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1 };
+            var font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold);
 
-                return new OsuSpriteText
+            if (Score.PP.HasValue)
+            {
+                return new FillFlowContainer
+                {
+                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                    Children = new[]
+                    {
+                        new OsuSpriteText
+                        {
+                            Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
+                            Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
+                            Font = font,
+                            Text = $"{Score.PP:0}",
+                            Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
+                        },
+                        new OsuSpriteText
+                        {
+                            Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
+                            Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
+                            Font = font.With(size: 12),
+                            Text = "pp",
+                            Colour = colourProvider.Light3
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            if (Score.Beatmap?.Status.GrantsPerformancePoints() != true)
+            {
+                if (Score.Beatmap?.Status == BeatmapOnlineStatus.Loved)
+                {
+                    return new SpriteIconWithTooltip
+                    {
+                        Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Heart,
+                        Size = new Vector2(font.Size),
+                        TooltipText = UsersStrings.ShowExtraTopRanksNotRanked,
+                        Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
+                    };
+                }
+
+                return new SpriteTextWithTooltip
                 {
-                    Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
                     Text = "-",
+                    Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                    TooltipText = UsersStrings.ShowExtraTopRanksNotRanked,
                     Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
                 };
             }
 
-            return new FillFlowContainer
+            if (!Score.Ranked)
             {
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                Children = new[]
+                return new SpriteTextWithTooltip
                 {
-                    new OsuSpriteText
-                    {
-                        Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
-                        Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
-                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                        Text = $"{Score.PP:0}",
-                        Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
-                    },
-                    new OsuSpriteText
-                    {
-                        Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
-                        Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
-                        Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 12, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                        Text = "pp",
-                        Colour = colourProvider.Light3
-                    }
-                }
+                    Text = "-",
+                    Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                    TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusNoPp,
+                    Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
+                };
+            }
+
+            return new SpriteIconWithTooltip
+            {
+                Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Sync,
+                Size = new Vector2(font.Size),
+                TooltipText = ScoresStrings.StatusProcessing,
+                Colour = colourProvider.Highlight1
             };
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Rankings/RankingsOverlayHeader.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Rankings/RankingsOverlayHeader.cs
index a23ec18afe..cf132ed4da 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Rankings/RankingsOverlayHeader.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Rankings/RankingsOverlayHeader.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Game.Localisation;
-using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Users;
 
@@ -19,8 +17,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Rankings
 
         public Bindable<CountryCode> Country => countryFilter.Current;
 
-        private OverlayRulesetSelector rulesetSelector;
-        private CountryFilter countryFilter;
+        private OverlayRulesetSelector rulesetSelector = null!;
+        private CountryFilter countryFilter = null!;
 
         protected override OverlayTitle CreateTitle() => new RankingsTitle();
 
@@ -39,5 +37,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Rankings
                 Icon = OsuIcon.Ranking;
             }
         }
+
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+
+            Current.BindValueChanged(scope =>
+            {
+                rulesetSelector.FadeTo(showRulesetSelector(scope.NewValue) ? 1 : 0, 200, Easing.OutQuint);
+            }, true);
+
+            bool showRulesetSelector(RankingsScope scope)
+            {
+                switch (scope)
+                {
+                    case RankingsScope.Performance:
+                    case RankingsScope.Spotlights:
+                    case RankingsScope.Score:
+                    case RankingsScope.Country:
+                        return true;
+
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/RevertToDefaultButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/RevertToDefaultButton.cs
index 582138b0b4..6fa5209f64 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/RevertToDefaultButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/RevertToDefaultButton.cs
@@ -115,7 +115,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays
 
             Enabled.Value = !current.Disabled;
 
-            this.FadeTo(current.Disabled ? 0.2f : (current.IsDefault ? 0 : 1), fade_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            if (current.IsDefault)
+                this.FadeTo(0, fade_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            else if (current.Disabled)
+                this.FadeTo(0.2f, fade_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            else
+                this.FadeTo(1, fade_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
 
             if (IsHovered && Enabled.Value)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Audio/AudioOffsetAdjustControl.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Audio/AudioOffsetAdjustControl.cs
index 90f5a59215..b9f043a233 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Audio/AudioOffsetAdjustControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Audio/AudioOffsetAdjustControl.cs
@@ -8,16 +8,19 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.IEnumerableExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterfaceV2;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
                     Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        new TimeSlider
+                        new OffsetSliderBar
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                             Current = { BindTarget = Current },
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
                         applySuggestion = new RoundedButton
                         {
                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
-                            Text = "Apply suggested offset",
+                            Text = AudioSettingsStrings.ApplySuggestedOffset,
                             Action = () =>
                             {
                                 if (SuggestedOffset.Value.HasValue)
@@ -153,10 +156,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Audio
             private void updateHintText()
             {
                 hintText.Text = SuggestedOffset.Value == null
-                    ? @"Play a few beatmaps to receive a suggested offset!"
-                    : $@"Based on the last {averageHitErrorHistory.Count} play(s), the suggested offset is {SuggestedOffset.Value:N0} ms.";
+                    ? AudioSettingsStrings.SuggestedOffsetNote
+                    : AudioSettingsStrings.SuggestedOffsetValueReceived(averageHitErrorHistory.Count, SuggestedOffset.Value.ToLocalisableString(@"N0"));
                 applySuggestion.Enabled.Value = SuggestedOffset.Value != null;
             }
+
+            private partial class OffsetSliderBar : RoundedSliderBar<double>
+            {
+                public override LocalisableString TooltipText => BeatmapOffsetControl.GetOffsetExplanatoryText(Current.Value);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/DebugSettings/GeneralSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/DebugSettings/GeneralSettings.cs
index 049ccedf37..df46e38491 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/DebugSettings/GeneralSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/DebugSettings/GeneralSettings.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.DebugSettings
                 },
                 new SettingsButton
                 {
-                    Text = @"Run latency certifier",
+                    Text = DebugSettingsStrings.RunLatencyCertifier,
                     Action = () => performer?.PerformFromScreen(menu => menu.Push(new LatencyCertifierScreen()))
                 }
             };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/General/UpdateSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/General/UpdateSettings.cs
index 3ff5556f4d..fe88413e6a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/General/UpdateSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/General/UpdateSettings.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Maintenance;
 using osu.Game.Updater;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using SharpCompress.Archives.Zip;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.General
@@ -111,7 +112,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.General
                 using (var outStream = storage.CreateFileSafely(archive_filename))
                 using (var zip = ZipArchive.Create())
                 {
-                    foreach (string? f in logStorage.GetFiles(string.Empty, "*.log")) zip.AddEntry(f, logStorage.GetStream(f), true);
+                    foreach (string? f in logStorage.GetFiles(string.Empty, "*.log"))
+                        FileUtils.AttemptOperation(z => z.AddEntry(f, logStorage.GetStream(f), true), zip);
 
                     zip.SaveTo(outStream);
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
index a3290bc81c..ce087f1807 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/LayoutSettings.cs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
         private SettingsDropdown<Size> resolutionDropdown = null!;
         private SettingsDropdown<Display> displayDropdown = null!;
         private SettingsDropdown<WindowMode> windowModeDropdown = null!;
+        private SettingsCheckbox minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox = null!;
         private SettingsCheckbox safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox = null!;
 
         private Bindable<float> scalingPositionX = null!;
@@ -106,9 +107,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
                     ItemSource = resolutions,
                     Current = sizeFullscreen
                 },
+                minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox = new SettingsCheckbox
+                {
+                    LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.MinimiseOnFocusLoss,
+                    Current = config.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen),
+                    Keywords = new[] { "alt-tab", "minimize", "focus", "hide" },
+                },
                 safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox = new SettingsCheckbox
                 {
-                    LabelText = "Shrink game to avoid cameras and notches",
+                    LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.ShrinkGameToSafeArea,
                     Current = osuConfig.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.SafeAreaConsiderations),
                 },
                 new SettingsSlider<float, UIScaleSlider>
@@ -255,6 +262,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
         {
             resolutionDropdown.CanBeShown.Value = resolutions.Count > 1 && windowModeDropdown.Current.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
             displayDropdown.CanBeShown.Value = displayDropdown.Items.Count() > 1;
+            minimiseOnFocusLossCheckbox.CanBeShown.Value = RuntimeInfo.IsDesktop && windowModeDropdown.Current.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
             safeAreaConsiderationsCheckbox.CanBeShown.Value = host.Window?.SafeAreaPadding.Value.Total != Vector2.Zero;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/RendererSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/RendererSettings.cs
index d4cef3f4d1..fc5dd34971 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/RendererSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Graphics/RendererSettings.cs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Graphics
                 {
                     LabelText = GraphicsSettingsStrings.Renderer,
                     Current = renderer,
-                    Items = host.GetPreferredRenderersForCurrentPlatform().OrderBy(t => t).Where(t => t != RendererType.Vulkan),
+                    Items = host.GetPreferredRenderersForCurrentPlatform().Order().Where(t => t != RendererType.Vulkan),
                     Keywords = new[] { @"compatibility", @"directx" },
                 },
                 // TODO: this needs to be a custom dropdown at some point
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
index 6bf06f4f98..7805ed5834 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Settings/Sections/Input/MouseSettings.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
         private Bindable<double> localSensitivity;
 
         private Bindable<WindowMode> windowMode;
+        private Bindable<bool> minimiseOnFocusLoss;
         private SettingsEnumDropdown<OsuConfineMouseMode> confineMouseModeSetting;
         private Bindable<bool> relativeMode;
 
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
 
             relativeMode = mouseHandler.UseRelativeMode.GetBoundCopy();
             windowMode = config.GetBindable<WindowMode>(FrameworkSetting.WindowMode);
+            minimiseOnFocusLoss = config.GetBindable<bool>(FrameworkSetting.MinimiseOnFocusLossInFullscreen);
 
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
@@ -98,21 +100,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
 
             localSensitivity.BindValueChanged(val => handlerSensitivity.Value = val.NewValue);
 
-            windowMode.BindValueChanged(mode =>
-            {
-                bool isFullscreen = mode.NewValue == WindowMode.Fullscreen;
-
-                if (isFullscreen)
-                {
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = true;
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = MouseSettingsStrings.NotApplicableFullscreen;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = false;
-                    confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = string.Empty;
-                }
-            }, true);
+            windowMode.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility());
+            minimiseOnFocusLoss.BindValueChanged(_ => updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility(), true);
 
             highPrecisionMouse.Current.BindValueChanged(highPrecision =>
             {
@@ -126,6 +115,25 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input
             }, true);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates disabled state and tooltip of <see cref="confineMouseModeSetting"/> to match when <see cref="ConfineMouseTracker"/> is overriding the confine mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void updateConfineMouseModeSettingVisibility()
+        {
+            bool confineModeOverriden = windowMode.Value == WindowMode.Fullscreen && minimiseOnFocusLoss.Value;
+
+            if (confineModeOverriden)
+            {
+                confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = true;
+                confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = MouseSettingsStrings.NotApplicableFullscreen;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                confineMouseModeSetting.Current.Disabled = false;
+                confineMouseModeSetting.TooltipText = string.Empty;
+            }
+        }
+
         public partial class SensitivitySetting : SettingsSlider<double, SensitivitySlider>
         {
             public SensitivitySetting()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditor.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditor.cs
index f972186333..d3af928907 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditor.cs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
 
         protected override bool StartHidden => true;
 
-        private Drawable targetScreen = null!;
+        private Drawable? targetScreen;
 
         private OsuTextFlowContainer headerText = null!;
 
@@ -541,8 +541,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
             if (!hasBegunMutating)
                 return;
 
+            if (targetScreen?.IsLoaded != true)
+                return;
+
             SkinComponentsContainer[] targetContainers = availableTargets.ToArray();
 
+            if (!targetContainers.All(c => c.ComponentsLoaded))
+                return;
+
             foreach (var t in targetContainers)
                 currentSkin.Value.UpdateDrawableTarget(t);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditorOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditorOverlay.cs
index bedaf12c9b..93e2f92a1c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditorOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/SkinEditor/SkinEditorOverlay.cs
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
+using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
+using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
         private IBindable<WorkingBeatmap> beatmap { get; set; } = null!;
 
         private OsuScreen? lastTargetScreen;
+        private InvokeOnDisposal? nestedInputManagerDisable;
 
         private Vector2 lastDrawSize;
 
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
 
             if (skinEditor != null)
             {
+                disableNestedInputManagers();
                 skinEditor.Show();
                 return;
             }
@@ -132,14 +136,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
         {
             skinEditor?.Save(false);
             skinEditor?.Hide();
+            nestedInputManagerDisable?.Dispose();
+            nestedInputManagerDisable = null;
 
             globallyReenableBeatmapSkinSetting();
         }
 
-        public void PresentGameplay()
+        public void PresentGameplay() => presentGameplay(false);
+
+        private void presentGameplay(bool attemptedBeatmapSwitch)
         {
             performer?.PerformFromScreen(screen =>
             {
+                if (State.Value != Visibility.Visible)
+                    return;
+
                 if (beatmap.Value is DummyWorkingBeatmap)
                 {
                     // presume we don't have anything good to play and just bail.
@@ -149,8 +160,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
                 // If we're playing the intro, switch away to another beatmap.
                 if (beatmap.Value.BeatmapSetInfo.Protected)
                 {
-                    music.NextTrack();
-                    Schedule(PresentGameplay);
+                    if (!attemptedBeatmapSwitch)
+                    {
+                        music.NextTrack();
+                        Schedule(() => presentGameplay(true));
+                    }
+
                     return;
                 }
 
@@ -234,6 +249,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
         /// </summary>
         public void SetTarget(OsuScreen screen)
         {
+            nestedInputManagerDisable?.Dispose();
+            nestedInputManagerDisable = null;
+
             lastTargetScreen = screen;
 
             if (skinEditor == null) return;
@@ -262,6 +280,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
             {
                 skinEditor.Save(false);
                 skinEditor.UpdateTargetScreen(target);
+                disableNestedInputManagers();
             }
             else
             {
@@ -271,6 +290,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.SkinEditor
             }
         }
 
+        private void disableNestedInputManagers()
+        {
+            if (lastTargetScreen == null)
+                return;
+
+            var nestedInputManagers = lastTargetScreen.ChildrenOfType<PassThroughInputManager>().Where(manager => manager.UseParentInput).ToArray();
+            foreach (var inputManager in nestedInputManagers)
+                inputManager.UseParentInput = false;
+            nestedInputManagerDisable = new InvokeOnDisposal(() =>
+            {
+                foreach (var inputManager in nestedInputManagers)
+                    inputManager.UseParentInput = true;
+            });
+        }
+
         private readonly Bindable<bool> beatmapSkins = new Bindable<bool>();
         private LeasedBindable<bool>? leasedBeatmapSkins;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
index 03a1cfc005..1da2e1b744 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarButton.cs
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 {
     public abstract partial class ToolbarButton : OsuClickableContainer, IKeyBindingHandler<GlobalAction>
     {
+        public const float PADDING = 3;
+
         protected GlobalAction? Hotkey { get; set; }
 
         public void SetIcon(Drawable icon)
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         protected virtual Anchor TooltipAnchor => Anchor.TopLeft;
 
+        protected readonly Container ButtonContent;
         protected ConstrainedIconContainer IconContainer;
         protected SpriteText DrawableText;
         protected Box HoverBackground;
@@ -80,59 +83,66 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         protected ToolbarButton()
         {
-            Width = Toolbar.HEIGHT;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
 
-            Padding = new MarginPadding(3);
-
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                BackgroundContent = new Container
+                ButtonContent = new Container
                 {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Masking = true,
-                    CornerRadius = 6,
-                    CornerExponent = 3f,
-                    Children = new Drawable[]
-                    {
-                        HoverBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                        },
-                        flashBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                            Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-                Flow = new FillFlowContainer
-                {
-                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                    Spacing = new Vector2(5),
-                    Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
-                    Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
-                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2, Right = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2 },
+                    Width = Toolbar.HEIGHT,
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
-                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding(PADDING),
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        IconContainer = new ConstrainedIconContainer
+                        BackgroundContent = new Container
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Size = new Vector2(20),
-                            Alpha = 0,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Masking = true,
+                            CornerRadius = 6,
+                            CornerExponent = 3f,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                HoverBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                flashBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                    Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                },
+                            }
                         },
-                        DrawableText = new OsuSpriteText
+                        Flow = new FillFlowContainer
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(5),
+                            Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                            Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2, Right = Toolbar.HEIGHT / 2 },
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                IconContainer = new ConstrainedIconContainer
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Size = new Vector2(20),
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                DrawableText = new OsuSpriteText
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                },
+                            },
                         },
                     },
                 },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
index 67688155ae..e1d658b811 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarClock.cs
@@ -42,52 +42,59 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
             clockDisplayMode = config.GetBindable<ToolbarClockDisplayMode>(OsuSetting.ToolbarClockDisplayMode);
             prefer24HourTime = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.Prefer24HourTime);
 
-            Padding = new MarginPadding(3);
-
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
                 new Container
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Masking = true,
-                    CornerRadius = 6,
-                    CornerExponent = 3f,
-                    Children = new Drawable[]
-                    {
-                        hoverBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                        },
-                        flashBackground = new Box
-                        {
-                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                            Alpha = 0,
-                            Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
-                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-                new FillFlowContainer
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
                     AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
-                    Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                    Spacing = new Vector2(5),
-                    Padding = new MarginPadding(10),
+                    Padding = new MarginPadding(ToolbarButton.PADDING),
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        analog = new AnalogClockDisplay
+                        new Container
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Masking = true,
+                            CornerRadius = 6,
+                            CornerExponent = 3f,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                hoverBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Colour = OsuColour.Gray(80).Opacity(180),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                },
+                                flashBackground = new Box
+                                {
+                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                    Alpha = 0,
+                                    Colour = Color4.White.Opacity(100),
+                                    Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                                },
+                            }
                         },
-                        digital = new DigitalClockDisplay
+                        new FillFlowContainer
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(5),
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding(10),
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                analog = new AnalogClockDisplay
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                },
+                                digital = new DigitalClockDisplay
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
+                                }
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
index 70675c1b92..499ca804c9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarHomeButton.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
     {
         public ToolbarHomeButton()
         {
-            Width *= 1.4f;
+            ButtonContent.Width *= 1.4f;
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.Home;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
index 69597c6b46..5da0056787 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarMusicButton.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
         public ToolbarMusicButton()
         {
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.ToggleNowPlaying;
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            ButtonContent.AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
index 5500f1c879..3287ac6eaa 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarRulesetTabButton.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Effects;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
             public RulesetButton()
             {
-                Padding = new MarginPadding(3)
+                ButtonContent.Padding = new MarginPadding(PADDING)
                 {
                     Bottom = 5
                 };
@@ -58,15 +57,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
             {
                 set => Scheduler.AddOnce(() =>
                 {
-                    if (value)
-                    {
-                        IconContainer.Colour = Color4Extensions.FromHex("#00FFAA");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        IconContainer.Colour = colours.GrayF;
-                        IconContainer.EdgeEffect = new EdgeEffectParameters();
-                    }
+                    IconContainer.Colour = value ? Color4Extensions.FromHex("#00FFAA") : colours.GrayF;
                 });
             }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
index 78df060252..899f58c9c0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarSettingsButton.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
     {
         public ToolbarSettingsButton()
         {
-            Width *= 1.4f;
+            ButtonContent.Width *= 1.4f;
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.ToggleSettings;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
index 19b98628e6..96c0b15c44 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/ToolbarUserButton.cs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         public ToolbarUserButton()
         {
-            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            ButtonContent.AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
                 }
             });
 
+            Flow.Add(new TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay
+            {
+                Alpha = 0
+            });
+            Flow.AutoSizeEasing = Easing.OutQuint;
+            Flow.AutoSizeDuration = 250;
+
             apiState = api.State.GetBoundCopy();
             apiState.BindValueChanged(onlineStateChanged, true);
 
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
 
         private void onlineStateChanged(ValueChangedEvent<APIState> state) => Schedule(() =>
         {
-            failingIcon.FadeTo(state.NewValue == APIState.Failing ? 1 : 0, 200, Easing.OutQuint);
+            failingIcon.FadeTo(state.NewValue == APIState.Failing || state.NewValue == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth ? 1 : 0, 200, Easing.OutQuint);
 
             switch (state.NewValue)
             {
@@ -107,6 +114,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
                 case APIState.Failing:
                     TooltipText = ToolbarStrings.AttemptingToReconnect;
                     spinner.Show();
+                    failingIcon.Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.ExclamationTriangle;
+                    break;
+
+                case APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth:
+                    TooltipText = ToolbarStrings.VerificationRequired;
+                    spinner.Show();
+                    failingIcon.Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Key;
                     break;
 
                 case APIState.Offline:
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f56a1a3dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Toolbar/TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
+using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Toolbar
+{
+    public partial class TransientUserStatisticsUpdateDisplay : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        public Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?> LatestUpdate { get; } = new Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?>();
+
+        private Statistic<int> globalRank = null!;
+        private Statistic<decimal> pp = null!;
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(SoloStatisticsWatcher? soloStatisticsWatcher)
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+            Alpha = 0;
+
+            InternalChild = new FillFlowContainer
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = 10 },
+                Spacing = new Vector2(10),
+                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    globalRank = new Statistic<int>(UsersStrings.ShowRankGlobalSimple, @"#", Comparer<int>.Create((before, after) => before - after)),
+                    pp = new Statistic<decimal>(RankingsStrings.StatPerformance, string.Empty, Comparer<decimal>.Create((before, after) => Math.Sign(after - before))),
+                }
+            };
+
+            if (soloStatisticsWatcher != null)
+                ((IBindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?>)LatestUpdate).BindTo(soloStatisticsWatcher.LatestUpdate);
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+
+            LatestUpdate.BindValueChanged(val =>
+            {
+                if (val.NewValue == null)
+                    return;
+
+                var update = val.NewValue;
+
+                // null handling here is best effort because it is annoying.
+
+                globalRank.Alpha = update.After.GlobalRank == null ? 0 : 1;
+                pp.Alpha = update.After.PP == null ? 0 : 1;
+
+                if (globalRank.Alpha == 0 && pp.Alpha == 0)
+                    return;
+
+                FinishTransforms(true);
+
+                this.FadeIn(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+
+                if (update.After.GlobalRank != null)
+                {
+                    globalRank.Display(
+                        update.Before.GlobalRank ?? update.After.GlobalRank.Value,
+                        Math.Abs((update.After.GlobalRank.Value - update.Before.GlobalRank) ?? 0),
+                        update.After.GlobalRank.Value);
+                }
+
+                if (update.After.PP != null)
+                    pp.Display(update.Before.PP ?? update.After.PP.Value, Math.Abs((update.After.PP - update.Before.PP) ?? 0M), update.After.PP.Value);
+
+                this.Delay(5000).FadeOut(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+            });
+        }
+
+        private partial class Statistic<T> : CompositeDrawable
+            where T : struct, IEquatable<T>, IFormattable
+        {
+            private readonly LocalisableString title;
+            private readonly string mainValuePrefix;
+            private readonly IComparer<T> valueComparer;
+
+            private Counter<T> mainValue = null!;
+            private Counter<T> deltaValue = null!;
+            private OsuSpriteText titleText = null!;
+            private ScheduledDelegate? valueUpdateSchedule;
+
+            [Resolved]
+            private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
+
+            public Statistic(LocalisableString title, string mainValuePrefix, IComparer<T> valueComparer)
+            {
+                this.title = title;
+                this.mainValuePrefix = mainValuePrefix;
+                this.valueComparer = valueComparer;
+            }
+
+            [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+            private void load()
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.X;
+                InternalChild = new FillFlowContainer
+                {
+                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                    Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                    Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        mainValue = new Counter<T>
+                        {
+                            ValuePrefix = mainValuePrefix,
+                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                            Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                        },
+                        new Container
+                        {
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                            Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                deltaValue = new Counter<T>
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                    Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 12, fixedWidth: true, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold),
+                                    AlwaysPresent = true,
+                                },
+                                titleText = new OsuSpriteText
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                                    Font = OsuFont.Default.With(size: 12, weight: FontWeight.SemiBold),
+                                    Text = title,
+                                    AlwaysPresent = true,
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            public void Display(T before, T delta, T after)
+            {
+                valueUpdateSchedule?.Cancel();
+                valueUpdateSchedule = null;
+
+                int comparison = valueComparer.Compare(before, after);
+
+                if (comparison > 0)
+                {
+                    deltaValue.Colour = colours.Lime1;
+                    deltaValue.ValuePrefix = "+";
+                }
+                else if (comparison < 0)
+                {
+                    deltaValue.Colour = colours.Red1;
+                    deltaValue.ValuePrefix = "-";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    deltaValue.Colour = Colour4.White;
+                    deltaValue.ValuePrefix = string.Empty;
+                }
+
+                mainValue.SetCountWithoutRolling(before);
+                deltaValue.SetCountWithoutRolling(delta);
+
+                titleText.Alpha = 1;
+                deltaValue.Alpha = 0;
+
+                using (BeginDelayedSequence(1200))
+                {
+                    titleText.FadeOut(250, Easing.OutQuad);
+                    deltaValue.FadeIn(250, Easing.OutQuad);
+
+                    using (BeginDelayedSequence(1250))
+                    {
+                        valueUpdateSchedule = Schedule(() =>
+                        {
+                            mainValue.Current.Value = after;
+                            deltaValue.Current.SetDefault();
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private partial class Counter<T> : RollingCounter<T>
+            where T : struct, IEquatable<T>, IFormattable
+        {
+            public FontUsage Font { get; init; } = OsuFont.Default.With(fixedWidth: true);
+
+            public string ValuePrefix
+            {
+                get => valuePrefix;
+                set
+                {
+                    valuePrefix = value;
+                    UpdateDisplay();
+                }
+            }
+
+            private string valuePrefix = string.Empty;
+
+            protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(T count) => LocalisableString.Format(@"{0}{1:N0}", ValuePrefix, count);
+
+            protected override OsuSpriteText CreateSpriteText() => base.CreateSpriteText().With(t =>
+            {
+                t.Font = Font;
+                t.Spacing = new Vector2(-1.5f, 0);
+            });
+
+            protected override double RollingDuration => 1500;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Overlays/Volume/VolumeMeter.cs b/osu.Game/Overlays/Volume/VolumeMeter.cs
index d366f0bddb..6ec4971f06 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Overlays/Volume/VolumeMeter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Overlays/Volume/VolumeMeter.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Globalization;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Volume
         private Sample notchSample;
         private double sampleLastPlaybackTime;
 
+        [CanBeNull]
         public event Action<SelectionState> StateChanged;
 
         private SelectionState state;
@@ -313,6 +315,33 @@ namespace osu.Game.Overlays.Volume
 
         private void resetAcceleration() => accelerationModifier = 1;
 
+        private float dragDelta;
+
+        protected override bool OnDragStart(DragStartEvent e)
+        {
+            dragDelta = 0;
+            adjustFromDrag(e.Delta);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnDrag(DragEvent e)
+        {
+            adjustFromDrag(e.Delta);
+            base.OnDrag(e);
+        }
+
+        private void adjustFromDrag(Vector2 delta)
+        {
+            const float mouse_drag_divisor = 200;
+
+            dragDelta += delta.Y / mouse_drag_divisor;
+
+            if (Math.Abs(dragDelta) < 0.01) return;
+
+            Volume -= dragDelta;
+            dragDelta = 0;
+        }
+
         private void adjust(double delta, bool isPrecise)
         {
             if (delta == 0)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceBreakdownCalculator.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceBreakdownCalculator.cs
index ad9257d4f3..946d83b14b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceBreakdownCalculator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceBreakdownCalculator.cs
@@ -21,21 +21,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty
     {
         private readonly IBeatmap playableBeatmap;
         private readonly BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache;
-        private readonly ScorePerformanceCache performanceCache;
 
-        public PerformanceBreakdownCalculator(IBeatmap playableBeatmap, BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache, ScorePerformanceCache performanceCache)
+        public PerformanceBreakdownCalculator(IBeatmap playableBeatmap, BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache)
         {
             this.playableBeatmap = playableBeatmap;
             this.difficultyCache = difficultyCache;
-            this.performanceCache = performanceCache;
         }
 
         [ItemCanBeNull]
         public async Task<PerformanceBreakdown> CalculateAsync(ScoreInfo score, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
+            var attributes = await difficultyCache.GetDifficultyAsync(score.BeatmapInfo!, score.Ruleset, score.Mods, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            var performanceCalculator = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance().CreatePerformanceCalculator();
+
+            // Performance calculation requires the beatmap and ruleset to be locally available. If not, return a default value.
+            if (attributes?.Attributes == null || performanceCalculator == null)
+                return null;
+
+            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+
             PerformanceAttributes[] performanceArray = await Task.WhenAll(
                 // compute actual performance
-                performanceCache.CalculatePerformanceAsync(score, cancellationToken),
+                performanceCalculator.CalculateAsync(score, attributes.Value.Attributes, cancellationToken),
                 // compute performance for perfect play
                 getPerfectPerformance(score, cancellationToken)
             ).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -88,8 +96,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty
                     cancellationToken
                 ).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-                // ScorePerformanceCache is not used to avoid caching multiple copies of essentially identical perfect performance attributes
-                return difficulty == null ? null : ruleset.CreatePerformanceCalculator()?.Calculate(perfectPlay, difficulty.Value.Attributes.AsNonNull());
+                var performanceCalculator = ruleset.CreatePerformanceCalculator();
+
+                if (performanceCalculator == null || difficulty == null)
+                    return null;
+
+                return await performanceCalculator.CalculateAsync(perfectPlay, difficulty.Value.Attributes.AsNonNull(), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }, cancellationToken);
         }
 
@@ -101,9 +113,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty
         private IEnumerable<HitResult> getPerfectHitResults(HitObject hitObject)
         {
             foreach (HitObject nested in hitObject.NestedHitObjects)
-                yield return nested.CreateJudgement().MaxResult;
+                yield return nested.Judgement.MaxResult;
 
-            yield return hitObject.CreateJudgement().MaxResult;
+            yield return hitObject.Judgement.MaxResult;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceCalculator.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceCalculator.cs
index f5e826f8c7..966da0ff12 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceCalculator.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/PerformanceCalculator.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 
@@ -15,6 +17,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty
             Ruleset = ruleset;
         }
 
+        public Task<PerformanceAttributes> CalculateAsync(ScoreInfo score, DifficultyAttributes attributes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => Task.Run(() => CreatePerformanceAttributes(score, attributes), cancellationToken);
+
         public PerformanceAttributes Calculate(ScoreInfo score, DifficultyAttributes attributes)
             => CreatePerformanceAttributes(score, attributes);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Preprocessing/DifficultyHitObject.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Preprocessing/DifficultyHitObject.cs
index 9ce0906dea..9785865192 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Preprocessing/DifficultyHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Preprocessing/DifficultyHitObject.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing
@@ -65,8 +64,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Preprocessing
             EndTime = hitObject.GetEndTime() / clockRate;
         }
 
-        public DifficultyHitObject Previous(int backwardsIndex) => difficultyHitObjects.ElementAtOrDefault(Index - (backwardsIndex + 1));
+        public DifficultyHitObject Previous(int backwardsIndex)
+        {
+            int index = Index - (backwardsIndex + 1);
+            return index >= 0 && index < difficultyHitObjects.Count ? difficultyHitObjects[index] : default;
+        }
 
-        public DifficultyHitObject Next(int forwardsIndex) => difficultyHitObjects.ElementAtOrDefault(Index + (forwardsIndex + 1));
+        public DifficultyHitObject Next(int forwardsIndex)
+        {
+            int index = Index + (forwardsIndex + 1);
+            return index >= 0 && index < difficultyHitObjects.Count ? difficultyHitObjects[index] : default;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Skills/StrainSkill.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Skills/StrainSkill.cs
index b43a272324..b07e8399c0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Skills/StrainSkill.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Difficulty/Skills/StrainSkill.cs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty.Skills
 
             // Difficulty is the weighted sum of the highest strains from every section.
             // We're sorting from highest to lowest strain.
-            foreach (double strain in peaks.OrderByDescending(d => d))
+            foreach (double strain in peaks.OrderDescending())
             {
                 difficulty += strain * weight;
                 weight *= DecayWeight;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/Checks/CheckBreaks.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/Checks/CheckBreaks.cs
index 94369443c2..0842ff5453 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/Checks/CheckBreaks.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/Checks/CheckBreaks.cs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit.Checks
 
         public IEnumerable<Issue> Run(BeatmapVerifierContext context)
         {
-            var startTimes = context.Beatmap.HitObjects.Select(ho => ho.StartTime).OrderBy(x => x).ToList();
-            var endTimes = context.Beatmap.HitObjects.Select(ho => ho.GetEndTime()).OrderBy(x => x).ToList();
+            var startTimes = context.Beatmap.HitObjects.Select(ho => ho.StartTime).Order().ToList();
+            var endTimes = context.Beatmap.HitObjects.Select(ho => ho.GetEndTime()).Order().ToList();
 
             foreach (var breakPeriod in context.Beatmap.Breaks)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/ComposerDistanceSnapProvider.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/ComposerDistanceSnapProvider.cs
index b3ca59a5b0..b2f38662cc 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/ComposerDistanceSnapProvider.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/ComposerDistanceSnapProvider.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
@@ -124,12 +123,34 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit
 
         private (HitObject before, HitObject after)? getObjectsOnEitherSideOfCurrentTime()
         {
-            HitObject? lastBefore = playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects.LastOrDefault(h => h.HitObject.StartTime < editorClock.CurrentTime)?.HitObject;
+            HitObject? lastBefore = null;
+
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
+            {
+                double objTime = entry.Value.HitObject.StartTime;
+
+                if (objTime >= editorClock.CurrentTime)
+                    continue;
+
+                if (objTime > lastBefore?.StartTime)
+                    lastBefore = entry.Value.HitObject;
+            }
 
             if (lastBefore == null)
                 return null;
 
-            HitObject? firstAfter = playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects.FirstOrDefault(h => h.HitObject.StartTime >= editorClock.CurrentTime)?.HitObject;
+            HitObject? firstAfter = null;
+
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
+            {
+                double objTime = entry.Value.HitObject.StartTime;
+
+                if (objTime < editorClock.CurrentTime)
+                    continue;
+
+                if (objTime < firstAfter?.StartTime)
+                    firstAfter = entry.Value.HitObject;
+            }
 
             if (firstAfter == null)
                 return null;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/DrawableEditorRulesetWrapper.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/DrawableEditorRulesetWrapper.cs
index ebf06bcc4e..174b278d89 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/DrawableEditorRulesetWrapper.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Edit/DrawableEditorRulesetWrapper.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
@@ -27,9 +26,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit
         [Resolved]
         private EditorBeatmap beatmap { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        [Resolved]
-        private EditorClock editorClock { get; set; } = null!;
-
         public DrawableEditorRulesetWrapper(DrawableRuleset<TObject> drawableRuleset)
         {
             this.drawableRuleset = drawableRuleset;
@@ -42,6 +38,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load()
         {
+            drawableRuleset.FrameStablePlayback = false;
             Playfield.DisplayJudgements.Value = false;
         }
 
@@ -68,22 +65,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit
             Scheduler.AddOnce(regenerateAutoplay);
         }
 
-        protected override void Update()
-        {
-            base.Update();
-
-            // Whenever possible, we want to stay in frame stability playback.
-            // Without doing so, we run into bugs with some gameplay elements not behaving as expected.
-            //
-            // Note that this is not using EditorClock.IsSeeking as that would exit frame stability
-            // on all seeks. The intention here is to retain frame stability for small seeks.
-            //
-            // I still think no gameplay elements should require frame stability in the first place, but maybe that ship has sailed already..
-            bool shouldBypassFrameStability = Math.Abs(drawableRuleset.FrameStableClock.CurrentTime - editorClock.CurrentTime) > 1000;
-
-            drawableRuleset.FrameStablePlayback = !shouldBypassFrameStability;
-        }
-
         private void regenerateAutoplay()
         {
             var autoplayMod = drawableRuleset.Mods.OfType<ModAutoplay>().Single();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/DefaultJudgementPiece.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/DefaultJudgementPiece.cs
index ada651b60e..61b72a6066 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/DefaultJudgementPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/DefaultJudgementPiece.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
 {
-    public partial class DefaultJudgementPiece : JudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
+    public partial class DefaultJudgementPiece : TextJudgementPiece, IAnimatableJudgement
     {
         public DefaultJudgementPiece(HitResult result)
             : base(result)
@@ -38,20 +38,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
         /// </remarks>
         public virtual void PlayAnimation()
         {
-            // TODO: make these better. currently they are using a text `-` and it's not centered properly.
-            // Should be an explicit drawable.
-            //
-            // When this is done, remove the [Description] attributes from HitResults which were added for this purpose.
-            if (Result == HitResult.IgnoreMiss || Result == HitResult.LargeTickMiss)
-            {
-                this.RotateTo(-45);
-                this.ScaleTo(1.8f);
-                this.ScaleTo(1.2f, 100, Easing.In);
-
-                this.MoveTo(Vector2.Zero);
-                this.MoveToOffset(new Vector2(0, 10), 800, Easing.InQuint);
-            }
-            else if (Result.IsMiss())
+            if (Result.IsMiss())
             {
                 this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
                 this.ScaleTo(1, 100, Easing.In);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/Judgement.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/Judgement.cs
index 93386de483..d4d06167f1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/Judgement.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/Judgement.cs
@@ -73,9 +73,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
                         return HitResult.SmallTickMiss;
 
                     case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
-                    case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
                         return HitResult.LargeTickMiss;
 
+                    case HitResult.SliderTailHit:
+                        return HitResult.IgnoreMiss;
+
                     default:
                         return HitResult.Miss;
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementResult.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementResult.cs
index 1b915d52b7..4b98df50d7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementResult.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementResult.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The time at which this <see cref="JudgementResult"/> occurred.
-        /// Populated when this <see cref="JudgementResult"/> is applied via <see cref="DrawableHitObject.ApplyResult"/>.
+        /// Populated when this <see cref="JudgementResult"/> is applied via <see cref="DrawableHitObject.ApplyResult{T}"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
         /// This is used instead of <see cref="TimeAbsolute"/> to check whether this <see cref="JudgementResult"/> should be reverted.
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
         /// </summary>
         public bool IsHit => Type.IsHit();
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The increase in health resulting from this judgement result.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double HealthIncrease => Judgement.HealthIncreaseFor(this);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new <see cref="JudgementResult"/>.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementPiece.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/TextJudgementPiece.cs
similarity index 88%
rename from osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementPiece.cs
rename to osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/TextJudgementPiece.cs
index 03f211c318..42527705eb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/JudgementPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Judgements/TextJudgementPiece.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
 {
-    public abstract partial class JudgementPiece : CompositeDrawable
+    public abstract partial class TextJudgementPiece : CompositeDrawable
     {
         protected readonly HitResult Result;
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements
         [Resolved]
         private OsuColour colours { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        protected JudgementPiece(HitResult result)
+        protected TextJudgementPiece(HitResult result)
         {
             Result = result;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/IMod.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/IMod.cs
index 744d02a4fa..3a33d14835 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/IMod.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/IMod.cs
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         /// </summary>
         bool AlwaysValidForSubmission { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether scores with this mod active can give performance points.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool Ranked { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a fresh <see cref="Mod"/> instance based on this mod.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/Mod.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/Mod.cs
index 0500b49513..50c867f41b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/Mod.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/Mod.cs
@@ -167,6 +167,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         [JsonIgnore]
         public virtual bool RequiresConfiguration => false;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether scores with this mod active can give performance points.
+        /// </summary>
+        [JsonIgnore]
+        public virtual bool Ranked => false;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The mods this mod cannot be enabled with.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAccuracyChallenge.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAccuracyChallenge.cs
index 0072c21053..9570cddb0a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAccuracyChallenge.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAccuracyChallenge.cs
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
 
         public override bool RequiresConfiguration => false;
 
+        public override bool Ranked => true;
+
         public override string SettingDescription => base.SettingDescription.Replace(MinimumAccuracy.ToString(), MinimumAccuracy.Value.ToString("##%", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo));
 
         [SettingSource("Minimum accuracy", "Trigger a failure if your accuracy goes below this value.", SettingControlType = typeof(SettingsPercentageSlider<double>))]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAdaptiveSpeed.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAdaptiveSpeed.cs
index 77aa5cdc15..19554b6504 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAdaptiveSpeed.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModAdaptiveSpeed.cs
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             var hitObjects = getAllApplicableHitObjects(beatmap.HitObjects).ToList();
-            var endTimes = hitObjects.Select(x => x.GetEndTime()).OrderBy(x => x).Distinct().ToList();
+            var endTimes = hitObjects.Select(x => x.GetEndTime()).Order().Distinct().ToList();
 
             foreach (HitObject hitObject in hitObjects)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModClassic.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModClassic.cs
index 16cb928bd4..b0f6ba9374 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModClassic.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModClassic.cs
@@ -19,5 +19,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Feeling nostalgic?";
 
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Conversion;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Classic mods are not to be ranked yet due to compatibility and multiplier concerns.
+        /// Right now classic mods are considered, for leaderboard purposes, to be equal as scores set on osu-stable.
+        /// But this is not the case.
+        ///
+        /// Some examples for things to resolve before even considering this:
+        ///  - Hit windows differ (https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/11311).
+        ///  - Sliders always gives combo for slider end, even on miss (https://github.com/ppy/osu/issues/11769).
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed override bool Ranked => false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDaycore.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDaycore.cs
index 09b35c249e..359f8a950c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDaycore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDaycore.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => null;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyReduction;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Whoaaaaa...";
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         [SettingSource("Speed decrease", "The actual decrease to apply", SettingControlType = typeof(MultiplierSettingsSlider))]
         public override BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; } = new BindableDouble(0.75)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDoubleTime.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDoubleTime.cs
index 789291772d..fd5120a767 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDoubleTime.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModDoubleTime.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModDoubleTime;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Zoooooooooom...";
+        public override bool Ranked => SpeedChange.IsDefault;
 
         [SettingSource("Speed increase", "The actual increase to apply", SettingControlType = typeof(MultiplierSettingsSlider))]
         public override BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; } = new BindableDouble(1.5)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModEasy.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModEasy.cs
index 0f51e2a6d5..da43a6b294 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModEasy.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModEasy.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyReduction;
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.5;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModHardRock), typeof(ModDifficultyAdjust) };
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         public virtual void ReadFromDifficulty(BeatmapDifficulty difficulty)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
index dc2ad6f47e..9227af64b8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModFlashlight.cs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModFlashlight;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Restricted view area.";
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         [SettingSource("Flashlight size", "Multiplier applied to the default flashlight size.")]
         public abstract BindableFloat SizeMultiplier { get; }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHalfTime.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHalfTime.cs
index 8b5dd39584..efdf0d6358 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHalfTime.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHalfTime.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModHalftime;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyReduction;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Less zoom...";
+        public override bool Ranked => SpeedChange.IsDefault;
 
         [SettingSource("Speed decrease", "The actual decrease to apply", SettingControlType = typeof(MultiplierSettingsSlider))]
         public override BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; } = new BindableDouble(0.75)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHardRock.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHardRock.cs
index 4b2d1d050e..1e99891b99 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHardRock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHardRock.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Everything just got a bit harder...";
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModEasy), typeof(ModDifficultyAdjust) };
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         protected const float ADJUST_RATIO = 1.4f;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
index 8b25768575..2915cb9bea 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModHidden.cs
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override string Acronym => "HD";
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModHidden;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
-        public void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
+        public virtual void ApplyToScoreProcessor(ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor)
         {
         }
 
-        public ScoreRank AdjustRank(ScoreRank rank, double accuracy)
+        public virtual ScoreRank AdjustRank(ScoreRank rank, double accuracy)
         {
             switch (rank)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModMuted.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModMuted.cs
index 131f501630..3ecd9aa6a1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModMuted.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModMuted.cs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Can you still feel the rhythm without music?";
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
     }
 
     public abstract class ModMuted<TObject> : ModMuted, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<TObject>, IApplicableToTrack, IApplicableToScoreProcessor
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNightcore.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNightcore.cs
index b42927256c..bb18940f8c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNightcore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNightcore.cs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModNightcore;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Uguuuuuuuu...";
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         [SettingSource("Speed increase", "The actual increase to apply", SettingControlType = typeof(MultiplierSettingsSlider))]
         public override BindableNumber<double> SpeedChange { get; } = new BindableDouble(1.5)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoFail.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoFail.cs
index cc451772b2..1aaef8eac4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoFail.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoFail.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override LocalisableString Description => "You can't fail, no matter what.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.5;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModFailCondition), typeof(ModCinema) };
+        public override bool Ranked => UsesDefaultConfiguration;
 
         private readonly Bindable<bool> showHealthBar = new Bindable<bool>();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoScope.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoScope.cs
index 5b9dfc0430..dd1bd9a719 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoScope.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModNoScope.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.EyeSlash;
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override bool Ranked => true;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Slightly higher than the cutoff for <see cref="Drawable.IsPresent"/>.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModPerfect.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModPerfect.cs
index 0ba40ba070..5bedf443da 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModPerfect.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModPerfect.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "SS or quit.";
+        public override bool Ranked => true;
 
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(ModSuddenDeath), typeof(ModAccuracyChallenge) }).ToArray();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModSuddenDeath.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModSuddenDeath.cs
index 4e4e8662e8..d07ff6ce87 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModSuddenDeath.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Mods/ModSuddenDeath.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
         public override LocalisableString Description => "Miss and fail.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override bool Ranked => true;
 
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Append(typeof(ModPerfect)).ToArray();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
index bce28361cb..16bd4b565c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Drawables/DrawableHitObject.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.TypeExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Primitives;
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
 
         protected override bool RequiresChildrenUpdate => true;
 
-        public override bool IsPresent => base.IsPresent || (State.Value == ArmedState.Idle && Clock?.CurrentTime >= LifetimeStart);
+        public override bool IsPresent => base.IsPresent || (State.Value == ArmedState.Idle && Clock.IsNotNull() && Clock.CurrentTime >= LifetimeStart);
 
         private readonly Bindable<ArmedState> state = new Bindable<ArmedState>();
 
@@ -682,17 +683,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
             UpdateResult(false);
         }
 
+        protected void ApplyMaxResult() => ApplyResult((r, _) => r.Type = r.Judgement.MaxResult);
+        protected void ApplyMinResult() => ApplyResult((r, _) => r.Type = r.Judgement.MinResult);
+
+        protected void ApplyResult(HitResult type) => ApplyResult(static (result, state) => result.Type = state, type);
+
+        [Obsolete("Use overload with state, preferrably with static delegates to avoid allocation overhead.")] // Can be removed 2024-07-26
+        protected void ApplyResult(Action<JudgementResult> application) => ApplyResult((r, _) => application(r), this);
+
+        protected void ApplyResult(Action<JudgementResult, DrawableHitObject> application) => ApplyResult(application, this);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Applies the <see cref="Result"/> of this <see cref="DrawableHitObject"/>, notifying responders such as
         /// the <see cref="ScoreProcessor"/> of the <see cref="JudgementResult"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="application">The callback that applies changes to the <see cref="JudgementResult"/>.</param>
-        protected void ApplyResult(Action<JudgementResult> application)
+        /// <param name="application">The callback that applies changes to the <see cref="JudgementResult"/>. Using a `static` delegate is recommended to avoid allocation overhead.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">
+        /// Use this parameter to pass any data that <paramref name="application"/> requires
+        /// to apply a result, so that it can remain a `static` delegate and thus not allocate.
+        /// </param>
+        protected void ApplyResult<T>(Action<JudgementResult, T> application, T state)
         {
             if (Result.HasResult)
                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot apply result on a hitobject that already has a result.");
 
-            application?.Invoke(Result);
+            application?.Invoke(Result, state);
 
             if (!Result.HasResult)
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($"{GetType().ReadableName()} applied a {nameof(JudgementResult)} but did not update {nameof(JudgementResult.Type)}.");
@@ -737,7 +752,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
         /// Checks if a scoring result has occurred for this <see cref="DrawableHitObject"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
-        /// If a scoring result has occurred, this method must invoke <see cref="ApplyResult"/> to update the result and notify responders.
+        /// If a scoring result has occurred, this method must invoke <see cref="ApplyResult{T}"/> to update the result and notify responders.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="userTriggered">Whether the user triggered this check.</param>
         /// <param name="timeOffset">The offset from the end time of the <see cref="HitObject"/> at which this check occurred.
@@ -755,7 +770,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
         private void ensureEntryHasResult()
         {
             Debug.Assert(Entry != null);
-            Entry.Result ??= CreateResult(HitObject.CreateJudgement())
+            Entry.Result ??= CreateResult(HitObject.Judgement)
                              ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"{GetType().ReadableName()} must provide a {nameof(JudgementResult)} through {nameof(CreateResult)}.");
         }
 
@@ -768,6 +783,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables
 
             if (CurrentSkin != null)
                 CurrentSkin.SourceChanged -= skinSourceChanged;
+
+            // Safeties against shooting in foot in cases where these are bound by external entities (like playfield) that don't clean up.
+            OnNestedDrawableCreated = null;
+            OnNewResult = null;
+            OnRevertResult = null;
+            DefaultsApplied = null;
+            HitObjectApplied = null;
         }
 
         public Bindable<double> AnimationStartTime { get; } = new BindableDouble();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/HitObject.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/HitObject.cs
index ec2a4a31f6..04bdc35941 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/HitObject.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/HitObject.cs
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects
         /// <summary>
         /// Invoked after <see cref="ApplyDefaults"/> has completed on this <see cref="HitObject"/>.
         /// </summary>
+        // TODO: This has no implicit unbind flow. Currently, if a Playfield manages HitObjects it will leave a bound event on this and cause the
+        // playfield to remain in memory.
         public event Action<HitObject> DefaultsApplied;
 
         public readonly Bindable<double> StartTimeBindable = new BindableDouble();
@@ -161,8 +163,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects
         protected void AddNested(HitObject hitObject) => nestedHitObjects.Add(hitObject);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates the <see cref="Judgement"/> that represents the scoring information for this <see cref="HitObject"/>.
+        /// The <see cref="Judgement"/> that represents the scoring information for this <see cref="HitObject"/>.
         /// </summary>
+        [JsonIgnore]
+        public Judgement Judgement => judgement ??= CreateJudgement();
+
+        private Judgement judgement;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Should be overridden to create a <see cref="Judgement"/> that represents the scoring information for this <see cref="HitObject"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// For read access, use <see cref="Judgement"/> to avoid unnecessary allocations.
+        /// </remarks>
         [NotNull]
         public virtual Judgement CreateJudgement() => new Judgement();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/HitObjectEntryManager.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/HitObjectEntryManager.cs
index fabf4fc444..7977166cb2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/HitObjectEntryManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/HitObjectEntryManager.cs
@@ -47,12 +47,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Pooling
         {
             HitObject hitObject = entry.HitObject;
 
-            if (entryMap.ContainsKey(hitObject))
+            if (!entryMap.TryAdd(hitObject, entry))
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($@"The {nameof(HitObjectLifetimeEntry)} is already added to this {nameof(HitObjectEntryManager)}.");
 
-            // Add the entry.
-            entryMap[hitObject] = entry;
-
             // If the entry has a parent, set it and add the entry to the parent's children.
             if (parent != null)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/PooledDrawableWithLifetimeContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/PooledDrawableWithLifetimeContainer.cs
index 3b45acc7bb..efc10f26e1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/PooledDrawableWithLifetimeContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/Pooling/PooledDrawableWithLifetimeContainer.cs
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ListExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Performance;
+using osu.Framework.Lists;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Pooling
 {
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Pooling
         /// <remarks>
         /// The enumeration order is undefined.
         /// </remarks>
-        public IEnumerable<(TEntry Entry, TDrawable Drawable)> AliveEntries => aliveDrawableMap.Select(x => (x.Key, x.Value));
+        public readonly SlimReadOnlyDictionaryWrapper<TEntry, TDrawable> AliveEntries;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether to remove an entry when clock goes backward and crossed its <see cref="LifetimeEntry.LifetimeStart"/>.
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Pooling
             lifetimeManager.EntryBecameAlive += entryBecameAlive;
             lifetimeManager.EntryBecameDead += entryBecameDead;
             lifetimeManager.EntryCrossedBoundary += entryCrossedBoundary;
+
+            AliveEntries = aliveDrawableMap.AsSlimReadOnly();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -153,6 +157,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Pooling
 
         protected override bool CheckChildrenLife()
         {
+            if (!IsPresent)
+                return false;
+
             bool aliveChanged = base.CheckChildrenLife();
             aliveChanged |= lifetimeManager.Update(Time.Current - PastLifetimeExtension, Time.Current + FutureLifetimeExtension);
             return aliveChanged;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/SliderPath.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/SliderPath.cs
index dc71608132..f33a07f082 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/SliderPath.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Objects/SliderPath.cs
@@ -61,16 +61,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects
                     case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
                         Debug.Assert(args.NewItems != null);
 
-                        foreach (var c in args.NewItems.Cast<PathControlPoint>())
-                            c.Changed += invalidate;
+                        foreach (object? newItem in args.NewItems)
+                            ((PathControlPoint)newItem).Changed += invalidate;
+
                         break;
 
                     case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
                     case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
                         Debug.Assert(args.OldItems != null);
 
-                        foreach (var c in args.OldItems.Cast<PathControlPoint>())
-                            c.Changed -= invalidate;
+                        foreach (object? oldItem in args.OldItems)
+                            ((PathControlPoint)oldItem).Changed -= invalidate;
                         break;
                 }
 
@@ -269,10 +270,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects
                 {
                     List<Vector2> subPath = calculateSubPath(segmentVertices, segmentType);
                     // Skip the first vertex if it is the same as the last vertex from the previous segment
-                    int skipFirst = calculatedPath.Count > 0 && subPath.Count > 0 && calculatedPath.Last() == subPath[0] ? 1 : 0;
+                    bool skipFirst = calculatedPath.Count > 0 && subPath.Count > 0 && calculatedPath.Last() == subPath[0];
 
-                    foreach (Vector2 t in subPath.Skip(skipFirst))
-                        calculatedPath.Add(t);
+                    for (int j = skipFirst ? 1 : 0; j < subPath.Count; j++)
+                        calculatedPath.Add(subPath[j]);
                 }
 
                 if (i > 0)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/RealmRulesetStore.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/RealmRulesetStore.cs
index 456f6e399b..ba6f4583d1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/RealmRulesetStore.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/RealmRulesetStore.cs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets
                     }
                 }
 
-                availableRulesets.AddRange(detachedRulesets.OrderBy(r => r));
+                availableRulesets.AddRange(detachedRulesets.Order());
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HealthProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HealthProcessor.cs
index 3e0b6433c2..b5eb755650 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HealthProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HealthProcessor.cs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="result">The <see cref="JudgementResult"/>.</param>
         /// <returns>The health increase.</returns>
-        protected virtual double GetHealthIncreaseFor(JudgementResult result) => result.Judgement.HealthIncreaseFor(result);
+        protected virtual double GetHealthIncreaseFor(JudgementResult result) => result.HealthIncrease;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The default conditions for failing.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitEventExtensions.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitEventExtensions.cs
index 9fb61c6cd9..6e2852676a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitEventExtensions.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitEventExtensions.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// <summary>
         /// Calculates the "unstable rate" for a sequence of <see cref="HitEvent"/>s.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Uses <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance#Welford's_online_algorithm">Welford's online algorithm</a>.
+        /// </remarks>
         /// <returns>
         /// A non-null <see langword="double"/> value if unstable rate could be calculated,
         /// and <see langword="null"/> if unstable rate cannot be calculated due to <paramref name="hitEvents"/> being empty.
@@ -21,9 +24,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         {
             Debug.Assert(hitEvents.All(ev => ev.GameplayRate != null));
 
-            // Division by gameplay rate is to account for TimeOffset scaling with gameplay rate.
-            double[] timeOffsets = hitEvents.Where(affectsUnstableRate).Select(ev => ev.TimeOffset / ev.GameplayRate!.Value).ToArray();
-            return 10 * standardDeviation(timeOffsets);
+            int count = 0;
+            double mean = 0;
+            double sumOfSquares = 0;
+
+            foreach (var e in hitEvents)
+            {
+                if (!affectsUnstableRate(e))
+                    continue;
+
+                count++;
+
+                // Division by gameplay rate is to account for TimeOffset scaling with gameplay rate.
+                double currentValue = e.TimeOffset / e.GameplayRate!.Value;
+                double nextMean = mean + (currentValue - mean) / count;
+                sumOfSquares += (currentValue - mean) * (currentValue - nextMean);
+                mean = nextMean;
+            }
+
+            if (count == 0)
+                return null;
+
+            return 10.0 * Math.Sqrt(sumOfSquares / count);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -44,15 +66,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         }
 
         private static bool affectsUnstableRate(HitEvent e) => !(e.HitObject.HitWindows is HitWindows.EmptyHitWindows) && e.Result.IsHit();
-
-        private static double? standardDeviation(double[] timeOffsets)
-        {
-            if (timeOffsets.Length == 0)
-                return null;
-
-            double mean = timeOffsets.Average();
-            double squares = timeOffsets.Select(offset => Math.Pow(offset - mean, 2)).Sum();
-            return Math.Sqrt(squares / timeOffsets.Length);
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
index f307344347..b6cfca58db 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/HitResult.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description(@"")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "none")]
-        [Order(14)]
+        [Order(15)]
         None,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// Indicates small tick miss.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "small_tick_miss")]
-        [Order(11)]
+        [Order(12)]
         SmallTickMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// Indicates a large tick miss.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "large_tick_miss")]
-        [Description("-")]
-        [Order(10)]
+        [Order(11)]
         LargeTickMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description("S Bonus")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "small_bonus")]
-        [Order(9)]
+        [Order(10)]
         SmallBonus,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -111,22 +110,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// </summary>
         [Description("L Bonus")]
         [EnumMember(Value = "large_bonus")]
-        [Order(8)]
+        [Order(9)]
         LargeBonus,
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates a miss that should be ignored for scoring purposes.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "ignore_miss")]
-        [Description("-")]
-        [Order(13)]
+        [Order(14)]
         IgnoreMiss,
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates a hit that should be ignored for scoring purposes.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "ignore_hit")]
-        [Order(12)]
+        [Order(13)]
         IgnoreHit,
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -136,14 +134,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// May be paired with <see cref="IgnoreHit"/>.
         /// </remarks>
         [EnumMember(Value = "combo_break")]
-        [Order(15)]
+        [Order(16)]
         ComboBreak,
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// A special judgement similar to <see cref="LargeTickHit"/> that's used to increase the valuation of the final tick of a slider.
+        /// A special tick judgement to increase the valuation of the final tick of a slider.
+        /// The default minimum result is <see cref="IgnoreMiss"/>, but may be overridden to <see cref="LargeTickMiss"/>.
         /// </summary>
         [EnumMember(Value = "slider_tail_hit")]
-        [Order(16)]
+        [Order(8)]
         SliderTailHit,
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/JudgementProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/JudgementProcessor.cs
index e9f3bcb949..0e90330651 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/JudgementProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/JudgementProcessor.cs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
 
             foreach (var obj in EnumerateHitObjects(beatmap))
             {
-                var judgement = obj.CreateJudgement();
+                var judgement = obj.Judgement;
 
                 var result = CreateResult(obj, judgement);
                 if (result == null)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/LegacyDrainingHealthProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/LegacyDrainingHealthProcessor.cs
index ce2f7d5624..2bc3ea80ec 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/LegacyDrainingHealthProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/LegacyDrainingHealthProcessor.cs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
 
             void increaseHp(HitObject hitObject)
             {
-                double amount = GetHealthIncreaseFor(hitObject, hitObject.CreateJudgement().MaxResult);
+                double amount = GetHealthIncreaseFor(hitObject, hitObject.Judgement.MaxResult);
                 currentHpUncapped += amount;
                 currentHp = Math.Max(0, Math.Min(1, currentHp + amount));
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
index 14fa928224..9d12daad04 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/Scoring/ScoreProcessor.cs
@@ -181,21 +181,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         private readonly List<HitEvent> hitEvents = new List<HitEvent>();
         private HitObject? lastHitObject;
 
+        public bool ApplyNewJudgementsWhenFailed { get; set; }
+
         public ScoreProcessor(Ruleset ruleset)
         {
             Ruleset = ruleset;
 
             Combo.ValueChanged += combo => HighestCombo.Value = Math.Max(HighestCombo.Value, combo.NewValue);
-            Accuracy.ValueChanged += accuracy =>
-            {
-                // Once failed, we shouldn't update the rank anymore.
-                if (rank.Value == ScoreRank.F)
-                    return;
-
-                rank.Value = RankFromAccuracy(accuracy.NewValue);
-                foreach (var mod in Mods.Value.OfType<IApplicableToScoreProcessor>())
-                    rank.Value = mod.AdjustRank(Rank.Value, accuracy.NewValue);
-            };
+            Accuracy.ValueChanged += _ => updateRank();
 
             Mods.ValueChanged += mods =>
             {
@@ -205,6 +198,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
                     scoreMultiplier *= m.ScoreMultiplier;
 
                 updateScore();
+                updateRank();
             };
         }
 
@@ -219,7 +213,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             result.ComboAtJudgement = Combo.Value;
             result.HighestComboAtJudgement = HighestCombo.Value;
 
-            if (result.FailedAtJudgement)
+            if (result.FailedAtJudgement && !ApplyNewJudgementsWhenFailed)
                 return;
 
             ScoreResultCounts[result.Type] = ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) + 1;
@@ -275,7 +269,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             Combo.Value = result.ComboAtJudgement;
             HighestCombo.Value = result.HighestComboAtJudgement;
 
-            if (result.FailedAtJudgement)
+            if (result.FailedAtJudgement && !ApplyNewJudgementsWhenFailed)
                 return;
 
             ScoreResultCounts[result.Type] = ScoreResultCounts.GetValueOrDefault(result.Type) - 1;
@@ -372,6 +366,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             TotalScore.Value = (long)Math.Round(ComputeTotalScore(comboProgress, accuracyProcess, currentBonusPortion) * scoreMultiplier);
         }
 
+        private void updateRank()
+        {
+            // Once failed, we shouldn't update the rank anymore.
+            if (rank.Value == ScoreRank.F)
+                return;
+
+            rank.Value = RankFromScore(Accuracy.Value, ScoreResultCounts);
+            foreach (var mod in Mods.Value.OfType<IApplicableToScoreProcessor>())
+                rank.Value = mod.AdjustRank(Rank.Value, Accuracy.Value);
+        }
+
         protected virtual double ComputeTotalScore(double comboProgress, double accuracyProgress, double bonusPortion)
         {
             return 500000 * Accuracy.Value * comboProgress +
@@ -417,8 +422,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
             TotalScore.Value = 0;
             Accuracy.Value = 1;
             Combo.Value = 0;
-            rank.Value = ScoreRank.X;
             HighestCombo.Value = 0;
+            updateRank();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -502,7 +507,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring
         /// <summary>
         /// Given an accuracy (0..1), return the correct <see cref="ScoreRank"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public virtual ScoreRank RankFromAccuracy(double accuracy)
+        public virtual ScoreRank RankFromScore(double accuracy, IReadOnlyDictionary<HitResult, int> results)
         {
             if (accuracy == accuracy_cutoff_x)
                 return ScoreRank.X;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/FrameStabilityContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/FrameStabilityContainer.cs
index 2af9916a6b..8c9cb262af 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/FrameStabilityContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/FrameStabilityContainer.cs
@@ -25,17 +25,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
         public ReplayInputHandler? ReplayInputHandler { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The number of frames (per parent frame) which can be run in an attempt to catch-up to real-time.
+        /// The number of CPU milliseconds to spend at most during seek catch-up.
         /// </summary>
-        public int MaxCatchUpFrames { get; set; } = 5;
+        private const double max_catchup_milliseconds = 10;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether to enable frame-stable playback.
         /// </summary>
         internal bool FrameStablePlayback { get; set; } = true;
 
-        protected override bool RequiresChildrenUpdate => base.RequiresChildrenUpdate && state != PlaybackState.NotValid;
-
         private readonly Bindable<bool> isCatchingUp = new Bindable<bool>();
 
         private readonly Bindable<bool> waitingOnFrames = new Bindable<bool>();
@@ -61,6 +59,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
         /// </summary>
         private readonly FramedClock framedClock;
 
+        private readonly Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The current direction of playback to be exposed to frame stable children.
         /// </summary>
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
 
         public override bool UpdateSubTree()
         {
-            int loops = MaxCatchUpFrames;
+            stopwatch.Restart();
 
             do
             {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
 
                 base.UpdateSubTree();
                 UpdateSubTreeMasking(this, ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.AABBFloat);
-            } while (state == PlaybackState.RequiresCatchUp && loops-- > 0);
+            } while (state == PlaybackState.RequiresCatchUp && stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds < max_catchup_milliseconds);
 
             return true;
         }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
                 // if waiting on frames, run one update loop to determine if frames have arrived.
                 state = PlaybackState.Valid;
             }
-            else if (IsPaused.Value)
+            else if (IsPaused.Value && !hasReplayAttached)
             {
                 // time should not advance while paused, nor should anything run.
                 state = PlaybackState.NotValid;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/GameplaySampleTriggerSource.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/GameplaySampleTriggerSource.cs
index b61e8d9674..177520f28f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/GameplaySampleTriggerSource.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/GameplaySampleTriggerSource.cs
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
                 // If required, we can make this lookup more efficient by adding support to get next-future-entry in LifetimeEntryManager.
                 var candidate =
                     // Use alive entries first as an optimisation.
-                    hitObjectContainer.AliveEntries.Select(tuple => tuple.Entry).Where(e => !isAlreadyHit(e)).MinBy(e => e.HitObject.StartTime)
+                    hitObjectContainer.AliveEntries.Keys.Where(e => !isAlreadyHit(e)).MinBy(e => e.HitObject.StartTime)
                     ?? hitObjectContainer.Entries.Where(e => !isAlreadyHit(e)).MinBy(e => e.HitObject.StartTime);
 
                 // In the case there are no non-judged objects, the last hit object should be used instead.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/HitObjectContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/HitObjectContainer.cs
index 099be486b3..c2879e6d87 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/HitObjectContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/HitObjectContainer.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
     {
         public IEnumerable<DrawableHitObject> Objects => InternalChildren.Cast<DrawableHitObject>().OrderBy(h => h.HitObject.StartTime);
 
-        public IEnumerable<DrawableHitObject> AliveObjects => AliveEntries.Select(pair => pair.Drawable).OrderBy(h => h.HitObject.StartTime);
+        public IEnumerable<DrawableHitObject> AliveObjects => AliveEntries.Values.OrderBy(h => h.HitObject.StartTime);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Invoked when a <see cref="DrawableHitObject"/> is judged.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/JudgementPooler.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/JudgementPooler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efec760f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/JudgementPooler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Handles the task of preparing poolable drawable judgements for gameplay usage.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The drawable judgement type.</typeparam>
+    public partial class JudgementPooler<T> : CompositeComponent
+        where T : DrawableJudgement, new()
+    {
+        private readonly IDictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<T>> poolDictionary = new Dictionary<HitResult, DrawablePool<T>>();
+
+        private readonly IEnumerable<HitResult> usableHitResults;
+        private readonly Action<T>? onJudgementInitialLoad;
+
+        public JudgementPooler(IEnumerable<HitResult> usableHitResults, Action<T>? onJudgementInitialLoad = null)
+        {
+            this.usableHitResults = usableHitResults;
+            this.onJudgementInitialLoad = onJudgementInitialLoad;
+        }
+
+        public T? Get(HitResult result, Action<T>? setupAction)
+        {
+            if (!poolDictionary.TryGetValue(result, out var pool))
+                return null;
+
+            return pool.Get(setupAction);
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            foreach (HitResult result in usableHitResults)
+            {
+                var pool = new DrawableJudgementPool(result, onJudgementInitialLoad);
+                poolDictionary.Add(result, pool);
+                AddInternal(pool);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private partial class DrawableJudgementPool : DrawablePool<T>
+        {
+            private readonly HitResult result;
+            private readonly Action<T>? onLoaded;
+
+            public DrawableJudgementPool(HitResult result, Action<T>? onLoaded)
+                : base(20)
+            {
+                this.result = result;
+                this.onLoaded = onLoaded;
+            }
+
+            protected override T CreateNewDrawable()
+            {
+                var judgement = base.CreateNewDrawable();
+
+                // just a placeholder to initialise the correct drawable hierarchy for this pool.
+                judgement.Apply(new JudgementResult(new HitObject(), new Judgement()) { Type = result }, null);
+
+                onLoaded?.Invoke(judgement);
+
+                return judgement;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Playfield.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Playfield.cs
index e9c35555c8..90a2f63faa 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Playfield.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Playfield.cs
@@ -247,10 +247,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
             nestedPlayfields.Add(otherPlayfield);
         }
 
+        private Mod[] mods;
+
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
 
+            mods = Mods?.ToArray();
+
             // in the case a consumer forgets to add the HitObjectContainer, we will add it here.
             if (HitObjectContainer.Parent == null)
                 AddInternal(HitObjectContainer);
@@ -260,9 +264,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
         {
             base.Update();
 
-            if (!IsNested && Mods != null)
+            if (!IsNested && mods != null)
             {
-                foreach (var mod in Mods)
+                foreach (Mod mod in mods)
                 {
                     if (mod is IUpdatableByPlayfield updatable)
                         updatable.Update(this);
@@ -403,10 +407,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
 
                     // If this is the first time this DHO is being used, then apply the DHO mods.
                     // This is done before Apply() so that the state is updated once when the hitobject is applied.
-                    if (Mods != null)
+                    if (mods != null)
                     {
-                        foreach (var m in Mods.OfType<IApplicableToDrawableHitObject>())
-                            m.ApplyToDrawableHitObject(dho);
+                        foreach (Mod mod in mods)
+                        {
+                            if (mod is IApplicableToDrawableHitObject applicable)
+                                applicable.ApplyToDrawableHitObject(dho);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/RulesetInputManager.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/RulesetInputManager.cs
index 35d05b87c0..a08c3bab08 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/RulesetInputManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/RulesetInputManager.cs
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
             var triggers = KeyBindingContainer.DefaultKeyBindings
                                               .Select(b => b.GetAction<T>())
                                               .Distinct()
-                                              .OrderBy(action => action)
                                               .Select(action => new KeyCounterActionTrigger<T>(action))
                                               .ToArray();
 
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI
             {
                 base.ReloadMappings(realmKeyBindings);
 
-                KeyBindings = KeyBindings.Where(b => RealmKeyBindingStore.CheckValidForGameplay(b.KeyCombination)).ToList();
+                KeyBindings = KeyBindings.Where(static b => RealmKeyBindingStore.CheckValidForGameplay(b.KeyCombination)).ToList();
                 RealmKeyBindingStore.ClearDuplicateBindings(KeyBindings);
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Scrolling/ScrollingHitObjectContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Scrolling/ScrollingHitObjectContainer.cs
index 129918da14..4e72291b9c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Scrolling/ScrollingHitObjectContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Rulesets/UI/Scrolling/ScrollingHitObjectContainer.cs
@@ -184,9 +184,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.UI.Scrolling
 
             // We need to calculate hit object positions (including nested hit objects) as soon as possible after lifetimes
             // to prevent hit objects displayed in a wrong position for one frame.
-            // Only AliveObjects need to be considered for layout (reduces overhead in the case of scroll speed changes).
-            foreach (var obj in AliveObjects)
+            // Only AliveEntries need to be considered for layout (reduces overhead in the case of scroll speed changes).
+            // We are not using AliveObjects directly to avoid selection/sorting overhead since we don't care about the order at which positions will be updated.
+            foreach (var entry in AliveEntries)
             {
+                var obj = entry.Value;
+
                 updatePosition(obj, Time.Current);
 
                 if (layoutComputed.Contains(obj))
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/Drawables/UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/Drawables/UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 99eb7e964d..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/Drawables/UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-#nullable disable
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Cursor;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Framework.Localisation;
-using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Drawables
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A placeholder used in PP columns for scores with unprocessed PP value.
-    /// </summary>
-    public partial class UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder : SpriteIcon, IHasTooltip
-    {
-        public LocalisableString TooltipText => ScoresStrings.StatusProcessing;
-
-        public UnprocessedPerformancePointsPlaceholder()
-        {
-            Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
-            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-            Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.ExclamationTriangle;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreDecoder.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreDecoder.cs
index ed11691674..65e2c02655 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreDecoder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreDecoder.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Formats;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Legacy;
+using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.IO.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
 using osu.Game.Replays;
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ using osu.Game.Replays.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using SharpCompress.Compressors.LZMA;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy
@@ -130,7 +133,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy
                 }
             }
 
-            PopulateAccuracy(score.ScoreInfo);
+            PopulateMaximumStatistics(score.ScoreInfo, workingBeatmap);
+
+            if (score.ScoreInfo.IsLegacyScore)
+                score.ScoreInfo.LegacyTotalScore = score.ScoreInfo.TotalScore;
+
+            StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.UpdateFromLegacy(score.ScoreInfo, workingBeatmap);
 
             // before returning for database import, we must restore the database-sourced BeatmapInfo.
             // if not, the clone operation in GetPlayableBeatmap will cause a dereference and subsequent database exception.
@@ -168,109 +176,65 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Populates the accuracy of a given <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> from its contained statistics.
+        /// Populates the <see cref="ScoreInfo.MaximumStatistics"/> for a given <see cref="ScoreInfo"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// Legacy use only.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="score">The <see cref="ScoreInfo"/> to populate.</param>
-        public static void PopulateAccuracy(ScoreInfo score)
+        /// <param name="score">The score to populate the statistics of.</param>
+        /// <param name="workingBeatmap">The corresponding <see cref="WorkingBeatmap"/>.</param>
+        public static void PopulateMaximumStatistics(ScoreInfo score, WorkingBeatmap workingBeatmap)
         {
-            int countMiss = score.GetCountMiss() ?? 0;
-            int count50 = score.GetCount50() ?? 0;
-            int count100 = score.GetCount100() ?? 0;
-            int count300 = score.GetCount300() ?? 0;
-            int countGeki = score.GetCountGeki() ?? 0;
-            int countKatu = score.GetCountKatu() ?? 0;
+            Debug.Assert(score.BeatmapInfo != null);
 
-            switch (score.Ruleset.OnlineID)
+            if (score.MaximumStatistics.Select(kvp => kvp.Value).Sum() > 0)
+                return;
+
+            var ruleset = score.Ruleset.Detach();
+            var rulesetInstance = ruleset.CreateInstance();
+            var scoreProcessor = rulesetInstance.CreateScoreProcessor();
+
+            // Populate the maximum statistics.
+            HitResult maxBasicResult = rulesetInstance.GetHitResults()
+                                                      .Select(h => h.result)
+                                                      .Where(h => h.IsBasic()).MaxBy(scoreProcessor.GetBaseScoreForResult);
+
+            foreach ((HitResult result, int count) in score.Statistics)
             {
-                case 0:
+                switch (result)
                 {
-                    int totalHits = count50 + count100 + count300 + countMiss;
-                    score.Accuracy = totalHits > 0 ? (double)(count50 * 50 + count100 * 100 + count300 * 300) / (totalHits * 300) : 1;
+                    case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
+                    case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
+                        score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.LargeTickHit] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.LargeTickHit) + count;
+                        break;
 
-                    float ratio300 = (float)count300 / totalHits;
-                    float ratio50 = (float)count50 / totalHits;
+                    case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
+                    case HitResult.SmallTickMiss:
+                        score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.SmallTickHit] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) + count;
+                        break;
 
-                    if (ratio300 == 1)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.XH : ScoreRank.X;
-                    else if (ratio300 > 0.9 && ratio50 <= 0.01 && countMiss == 0)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.SH : ScoreRank.S;
-                    else if ((ratio300 > 0.8 && countMiss == 0) || ratio300 > 0.9)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.A;
-                    else if ((ratio300 > 0.7 && countMiss == 0) || ratio300 > 0.8)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.B;
-                    else if (ratio300 > 0.6)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.C;
-                    else
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.D;
-                    break;
-                }
+                    case HitResult.IgnoreHit:
+                    case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
+                    case HitResult.SmallBonus:
+                    case HitResult.LargeBonus:
+                        break;
 
-                case 1:
-                {
-                    int totalHits = count50 + count100 + count300 + countMiss;
-                    score.Accuracy = totalHits > 0 ? (double)(count100 * 150 + count300 * 300) / (totalHits * 300) : 1;
-
-                    float ratio300 = (float)count300 / totalHits;
-                    float ratio50 = (float)count50 / totalHits;
-
-                    if (ratio300 == 1)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.XH : ScoreRank.X;
-                    else if (ratio300 > 0.9 && ratio50 <= 0.01 && countMiss == 0)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.SH : ScoreRank.S;
-                    else if ((ratio300 > 0.8 && countMiss == 0) || ratio300 > 0.9)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.A;
-                    else if ((ratio300 > 0.7 && countMiss == 0) || ratio300 > 0.8)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.B;
-                    else if (ratio300 > 0.6)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.C;
-                    else
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.D;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                case 2:
-                {
-                    int totalHits = count50 + count100 + count300 + countMiss + countKatu;
-                    score.Accuracy = totalHits > 0 ? (double)(count50 + count100 + count300) / totalHits : 1;
-
-                    if (score.Accuracy == 1)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.XH : ScoreRank.X;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.98)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.SH : ScoreRank.S;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.94)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.A;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.9)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.B;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.85)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.C;
-                    else
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.D;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                case 3:
-                {
-                    int totalHits = count50 + count100 + count300 + countMiss + countGeki + countKatu;
-                    score.Accuracy = totalHits > 0 ? (double)(count50 * 50 + count100 * 100 + countKatu * 200 + (count300 + countGeki) * 300) / (totalHits * 300) : 1;
-
-                    if (score.Accuracy == 1)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.XH : ScoreRank.X;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.95)
-                        score.Rank = score.Mods.Any(m => m is ModHidden || m is ModFlashlight) ? ScoreRank.SH : ScoreRank.S;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.9)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.A;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.8)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.B;
-                    else if (score.Accuracy > 0.7)
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.C;
-                    else
-                        score.Rank = ScoreRank.D;
-                    break;
+                    default:
+                        score.MaximumStatistics[maxBasicResult] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(maxBasicResult) + count;
+                        break;
                 }
             }
+
+            if (!score.IsLegacyScore)
+                return;
+
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+            // In osu! and osu!mania, some judgements affect combo but aren't stored to scores.
+            // A special hit result is used to pad out the combo value to match, based on the max combo from the difficulty attributes.
+            var calculator = rulesetInstance.CreateDifficultyCalculator(workingBeatmap);
+            var attributes = calculator.Calculate(score.Mods);
+
+            int maxComboFromStatistics = score.MaximumStatistics.Where(kvp => kvp.Key.AffectsCombo()).Select(kvp => kvp.Value).DefaultIfEmpty(0).Sum();
+            if (attributes.MaxCombo > maxComboFromStatistics)
+                score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.LegacyComboIncrease] = attributes.MaxCombo - maxComboFromStatistics;
+#pragma warning restore CS0618
         }
 
         private void readLegacyReplay(Replay replay, StreamReader reader)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
index 389b20b5c8..c74980abb6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/Legacy/LegacyScoreEncoder.cs
@@ -43,9 +43,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy
         /// 30000012: Fix incorrect total score conversion on selected beatmaps after implementing the more correct
         /// <see cref="LegacyRulesetExtensions.CalculateDifficultyPeppyStars"/> method. Reconvert all scores.
         /// </description></item>
+        /// <item><description>30000013: All local scores will use lazer definitions of ranks for consistency. Recalculates the rank of all scores.</description></item>
         /// </list>
         /// </remarks>
-        public const int LATEST_VERSION = 30000012;
+        public const int LATEST_VERSION = 30000013;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The first stable-compatible YYYYMMDD format version given to lazer usage of replays.
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreImporter.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreImporter.cs
index 8e28707107..768c28cc38 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreImporter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreImporter.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ using osu.Game.Scoring.Legacy;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using Realms;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Scoring
@@ -91,8 +90,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(model.BeatmapInfo);
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(model.Ruleset);
 
-            PopulateMaximumStatistics(model);
-
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.StatisticsJson))
                 model.StatisticsJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(model.Statistics);
 
@@ -103,75 +100,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
             // this requires: max combo, statistics, max statistics (where available), and mods to already be populated on the score.
             if (StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.ShouldMigrateToNewStandardised(model))
                 model.TotalScore = StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.GetNewStandardised(model);
-            else if (model.IsLegacyScore)
-            {
-                model.LegacyTotalScore = model.TotalScore;
-                StandardisedScoreMigrationTools.UpdateFromLegacy(model, beatmaps());
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Populates the <see cref="ScoreInfo.MaximumStatistics"/> for a given <see cref="ScoreInfo"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="score">The score to populate the statistics of.</param>
-        public void PopulateMaximumStatistics(ScoreInfo score)
-        {
-            Debug.Assert(score.BeatmapInfo != null);
-
-            if (score.MaximumStatistics.Select(kvp => kvp.Value).Sum() > 0)
-                return;
-
-            var beatmap = score.BeatmapInfo!.Detach();
-            var ruleset = score.Ruleset.Detach();
-            var rulesetInstance = ruleset.CreateInstance();
-            var scoreProcessor = rulesetInstance.CreateScoreProcessor();
-
-            Debug.Assert(rulesetInstance != null);
-
-            // Populate the maximum statistics.
-            HitResult maxBasicResult = rulesetInstance.GetHitResults()
-                                                      .Select(h => h.result)
-                                                      .Where(h => h.IsBasic()).MaxBy(scoreProcessor.GetBaseScoreForResult);
-
-            foreach ((HitResult result, int count) in score.Statistics)
-            {
-                switch (result)
-                {
-                    case HitResult.LargeTickHit:
-                    case HitResult.LargeTickMiss:
-                        score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.LargeTickHit] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.LargeTickHit) + count;
-                        break;
-
-                    case HitResult.SmallTickHit:
-                    case HitResult.SmallTickMiss:
-                        score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.SmallTickHit] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.SmallTickHit) + count;
-                        break;
-
-                    case HitResult.IgnoreHit:
-                    case HitResult.IgnoreMiss:
-                    case HitResult.SmallBonus:
-                    case HitResult.LargeBonus:
-                        break;
-
-                    default:
-                        score.MaximumStatistics[maxBasicResult] = score.MaximumStatistics.GetValueOrDefault(maxBasicResult) + count;
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!score.IsLegacyScore)
-                return;
-
-#pragma warning disable CS0618
-            // In osu! and osu!mania, some judgements affect combo but aren't stored to scores.
-            // A special hit result is used to pad out the combo value to match, based on the max combo from the difficulty attributes.
-            var calculator = rulesetInstance.CreateDifficultyCalculator(beatmaps().GetWorkingBeatmap(beatmap));
-            var attributes = calculator.Calculate(score.Mods);
-
-            int maxComboFromStatistics = score.MaximumStatistics.Where(kvp => kvp.Key.AffectsCombo()).Select(kvp => kvp.Value).DefaultIfEmpty(0).Sum();
-            if (attributes.MaxCombo > maxComboFromStatistics)
-                score.MaximumStatistics[HitResult.LegacyComboIncrease] = attributes.MaxCombo - maxComboFromStatistics;
-#pragma warning restore CS0618
         }
 
         // Very naive local caching to improve performance of large score imports (where the username is usually the same for most or all scores).
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreInfo.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreInfo.cs
index 32e4bbbf29..fd98107792 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreInfo.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreInfo.cs
@@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
 
         public double? PP { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether the performance points in this score is awarded to the player. This is used for online display purposes (see <see cref="SoloScoreInfo.Ranked"/>).
+        /// </summary>
+        [Ignored]
+        public bool Ranked { get; set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The online ID of this score.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreManager.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreManager.cs
index 02d9e0a280..1ee99e9e93 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScoreManager.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
 {
     public class ScoreManager : ModelManager<ScoreInfo>, IModelImporter<ScoreInfo>
     {
+        private readonly Func<BeatmapManager> beatmaps;
         private readonly OsuConfigManager configManager;
         private readonly ScoreImporter scoreImporter;
         private readonly LegacyScoreExporter scoreExporter;
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
                             OsuConfigManager configManager = null)
             : base(storage, realm)
         {
+            this.beatmaps = beatmaps;
             this.configManager = configManager;
 
             scoreImporter = new ScoreImporter(rulesets, beatmaps, storage, realm, api)
@@ -171,7 +174,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Scoring
         /// Populates the <see cref="ScoreInfo.MaximumStatistics"/> for a given <see cref="ScoreInfo"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="score">The score to populate the statistics of.</param>
-        public void PopulateMaximumStatistics(ScoreInfo score) => scoreImporter.PopulateMaximumStatistics(score);
+        public void PopulateMaximumStatistics(ScoreInfo score)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(score.BeatmapInfo != null);
+            LegacyScoreDecoder.PopulateMaximumStatistics(score, beatmaps().GetWorkingBeatmap(score.BeatmapInfo.Detach()));
+        }
 
         #region Implementation of IPresentImports<ScoreInfo>
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScorePerformanceCache.cs b/osu.Game/Scoring/ScorePerformanceCache.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f2b1aeb95..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Scoring/ScorePerformanceCache.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System;
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using osu.Framework.Allocation;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
-using osu.Game.Database;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Scoring
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A component which performs and acts as a central cache for performance calculations of locally databased scores.
-    /// Currently not persisted between game sessions.
-    /// </summary>
-    public partial class ScorePerformanceCache : MemoryCachingComponent<ScorePerformanceCache.PerformanceCacheLookup, PerformanceAttributes>
-    {
-        [Resolved]
-        private BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache { get; set; } = null!;
-
-        protected override bool CacheNullValues => false;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Calculates performance for the given <see cref="ScoreInfo"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="score">The score to do the calculation on. </param>
-        /// <param name="token">An optional <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to cancel the operation.</param>
-        public Task<PerformanceAttributes?> CalculatePerformanceAsync(ScoreInfo score, CancellationToken token = default) =>
-            GetAsync(new PerformanceCacheLookup(score), token);
-
-        protected override async Task<PerformanceAttributes?> ComputeValueAsync(PerformanceCacheLookup lookup, CancellationToken token = default)
-        {
-            var score = lookup.ScoreInfo;
-
-            var attributes = await difficultyCache.GetDifficultyAsync(score.BeatmapInfo!, score.Ruleset, score.Mods, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
-
-            // Performance calculation requires the beatmap and ruleset to be locally available. If not, return a default value.
-            if (attributes?.Attributes == null)
-                return null;
-
-            token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
-
-            return score.Ruleset.CreateInstance().CreatePerformanceCalculator()?.Calculate(score, attributes.Value.Attributes);
-        }
-
-        public readonly struct PerformanceCacheLookup
-        {
-            public readonly ScoreInfo ScoreInfo;
-
-            public PerformanceCacheLookup(ScoreInfo info)
-            {
-                ScoreInfo = info;
-            }
-
-            public override int GetHashCode()
-            {
-                var hash = new HashCode();
-
-                hash.Add(ScoreInfo.Hash);
-                hash.Add(ScoreInfo.ID);
-
-                return hash.ToHashCode();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenBeatmap.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenBeatmap.cs
index 85ea881006..185e2cab99 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenBeatmap.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenBeatmap.cs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Backgrounds
         /// </summary>
         public readonly Bindable<float> DimWhenUserSettingsIgnored = new Bindable<float>();
 
-        internal readonly IBindable<bool> IsBreakTime = new Bindable<bool>();
+        internal readonly Bindable<bool> IsBreakTime = new Bindable<bool>();
 
         private readonly DimmableBackground dimmable;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenDefault.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenDefault.cs
index e46b92795a..a552b22c11 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenDefault.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Backgrounds/BackgroundScreenDefault.cs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Backgrounds
         private Background background;
 
         private int currentDisplay;
-        private const int background_count = 7;
+        private const int background_count = 8;
         private IBindable<APIUser> user;
         private Bindable<Skin> skin;
         private Bindable<BackgroundSource> source;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/BindableBeatDivisor.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/BindableBeatDivisor.cs
index ffa4f01e75..4b0726658f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/BindableBeatDivisor.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/BindableBeatDivisor.cs
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit
         /// Set a divisor, updating the valid divisor range appropriately.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="divisor">The intended divisor.</param>
-        public void SetArbitraryDivisor(int divisor)
+        /// <param name="preferKnownPresets">Forces changing the valid divisors to a known preset.</param>
+        public void SetArbitraryDivisor(int divisor, bool preferKnownPresets = false)
         {
             // If the current valid divisor range doesn't contain the proposed value, attempt to find one which does.
-            if (!ValidDivisors.Value.Presets.Contains(divisor))
+            if (preferKnownPresets || !ValidDivisors.Value.Presets.Contains(divisor))
             {
                 if (BeatDivisorPresetCollection.COMMON.Presets.Contains(divisor))
                     ValidDivisors.Value = BeatDivisorPresetCollection.COMMON;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorControl.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorControl.cs
index b33edb9edb..da1a37d57f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorControl.cs
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
             switch (currentType)
             {
                 case BeatDivisorType.Common:
-                    beatDivisor.SetArbitraryDivisor(4);
+                    beatDivisor.SetArbitraryDivisor(4, true);
                     break;
 
                 case BeatDivisorType.Triplets:
-                    beatDivisor.SetArbitraryDivisor(6);
+                    beatDivisor.SetArbitraryDivisor(6, true);
                     break;
 
                 case BeatDivisorType.Custom:
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorPresetCollection.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorPresetCollection.cs
index 56df0552cc..43ab47d2d7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorPresetCollection.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BeatDivisorPresetCollection.cs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
                 presets.Add(maxDivisor / candidate);
             }
 
-            return new BeatDivisorPresetCollection(BeatDivisorType.Custom, presets.Distinct().OrderBy(d => d));
+            return new BeatDivisorPresetCollection(BeatDivisorType.Custom, presets.Distinct().Order());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BlueprintContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BlueprintContainer.cs
index 110beb0fa6..2d6e234e57 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BlueprintContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/BlueprintContainer.cs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
         protected override bool OnMouseDown(MouseDownEvent e)
         {
             bool selectionPerformed = performMouseDownActions(e);
-            bool movementPossible = prepareSelectionMovement();
+            bool movementPossible = prepareSelectionMovement(e);
 
             // check if selection has occurred
             if (selectionPerformed)
@@ -536,9 +536,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
         /// <summary>
         /// Attempts to begin the movement of any selected blueprints.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="MouseDownEvent"/> defining the beginning of a movement.</param>
         /// <returns>Whether a movement is possible.</returns>
-        private bool prepareSelectionMovement()
+        private bool prepareSelectionMovement(MouseDownEvent e)
         {
+            if (e.Button == MouseButton.Right)
+                return false;
+
             if (!SelectionHandler.SelectedBlueprints.Any())
                 return false;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/DragBox.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/DragBox.cs
index 4d1f81228e..b83e565e89 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/DragBox.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/DragBox.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components
 
         public override void Show() => State = Visibility.Visible;
 
+        [CanBeNull]
         public event Action<Visibility> StateChanged;
 
         public partial class BoxWithBorders : CompositeDrawable
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/Timeline/DifficultyPointPiece.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/Timeline/DifficultyPointPiece.cs
index ca1e9a5d9b..fc240c570b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/Timeline/DifficultyPointPiece.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Compose/Components/Timeline/DifficultyPointPiece.cs
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Compose.Components.Timeline
 
             InspectorText.Clear();
 
-            double[] sliderVelocities = EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<IHasSliderVelocity>().Select(sv => sv.SliderVelocityMultiplier).OrderBy(v => v).ToArray();
+            double[] sliderVelocities = EditorBeatmap.HitObjects.OfType<IHasSliderVelocity>().Select(sv => sv.SliderVelocityMultiplier).Order().ToArray();
 
             AddHeader("Base velocity (from beatmap setup)");
             AddValue($"{beatmapVelocity:#,0.00}x");
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/ControlPointTable.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/ControlPointTable.cs
index 7a27056da3..219575a380 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/ControlPointTable.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/ControlPointTable.cs
@@ -44,11 +44,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Timing
                 {
                     BackgroundFlow.Add(new RowBackground(group)
                     {
-                        Action = () =>
+                        // schedule to give time for any modified focused text box to lose focus and commit changes (e.g. BPM / time signature textboxes) before switching to new point.
+                        Action = () => Schedule(() =>
                         {
                             SetSelectedRow(group);
                             clock.SeekSmoothlyTo(group.Time);
-                        }
+                        })
                     });
                 }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/EffectSection.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/EffectSection.cs
index 7e484433f7..f321f7eeb0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/EffectSection.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Edit/Timing/EffectSection.cs
@@ -52,17 +52,38 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Timing
 
         protected override void OnControlPointChanged(ValueChangedEvent<EffectControlPoint?> point)
         {
-            if (point.NewValue != null)
+            scrollSpeedSlider.Current.ValueChanged -= updateControlPointFromSlider;
+
+            if (point.NewValue is EffectControlPoint newEffectPoint)
             {
                 isRebinding = true;
 
-                kiai.Current = point.NewValue.KiaiModeBindable;
-                scrollSpeedSlider.Current = point.NewValue.ScrollSpeedBindable;
+                kiai.Current = newEffectPoint.KiaiModeBindable;
+                scrollSpeedSlider.Current = new BindableDouble
+                {
+                    MinValue = 0.01,
+                    MaxValue = 10,
+                    Precision = 0.01,
+                    Value = newEffectPoint.ScrollSpeedBindable.Value
+                };
+                scrollSpeedSlider.Current.ValueChanged += updateControlPointFromSlider;
+                // at this point in time the above is enough to keep the slider control in sync with reality,
+                // since undo/redo causes `OnControlPointChanged()` to fire.
+                // whenever that stops being the case, or there is a possibility that the scroll speed could be changed
+                // by something else other than this control, this code should probably be revisited to have a binding in the other direction, too.
 
                 isRebinding = false;
             }
         }
 
+        private void updateControlPointFromSlider(ValueChangedEvent<double> scrollSpeed)
+        {
+            if (ControlPoint.Value is not EffectControlPoint effectPoint || isRebinding)
+                return;
+
+            effectPoint.ScrollSpeedBindable.Value = scrollSpeed.NewValue;
+        }
+
         protected override EffectControlPoint CreatePoint()
         {
             var reference = Beatmap.ControlPointInfo.EffectPointAt(SelectedGroup.Value.Time);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonArea.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonArea.cs
index 69ba68442f..4eb91c526f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonArea.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonArea.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
 
         public override void Show() => State = Visibility.Visible;
 
+        [CanBeNull]
         public event Action<Visibility> StateChanged;
 
         private partial class ButtonAreaBackground : Box, IStateful<ButtonAreaBackgroundState>
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
                 }
             }
 
+            [CanBeNull]
             public event Action<ButtonAreaBackgroundState> StateChanged;
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonSystem.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonSystem.cs
index b2b3fbd626..d742d2377f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonSystem.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/ButtonSystem.cs
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
                 {
                     buttonArea.ButtonSystemState = state;
 
-                    foreach (var b in buttonArea.Children.OfType<MainMenuButton>())
+                    foreach (var b in buttonArea.OfType<MainMenuButton>())
                         b.ButtonSystemState = state;
                 }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
index a75edd1cff..decb901c32 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/MainMenu.cs
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
 
                 sideFlashes.Delay(FADE_IN_DURATION).FadeIn(64, Easing.InQuint);
             }
-            else if (!api.IsLoggedIn)
+            else if (!api.IsLoggedIn || api.State.Value == APIState.RequiresSecondFactorAuth)
             {
                 // copy out old action to avoid accidentally capturing logo.Action in closure, causing a self-reference loop.
                 var previousAction = logo.Action;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/OsuLogo.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/OsuLogo.cs
index 75ef8be02e..f2e2e25fa6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/OsuLogo.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/OsuLogo.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -31,15 +32,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
     /// </summary>
     public partial class OsuLogo : BeatSyncedContainer
     {
-        public readonly Color4 OsuPink = Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"e967a1");
-
         private const double transition_length = 300;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The osu! logo sprite has a shadow included in its texture.
         /// This adjustment vector is used to match the precise edge of the border of the logo.
         /// </summary>
-        public static readonly Vector2 SCALE_ADJUST = new Vector2(0.96f);
+        public static readonly Vector2 SCALE_ADJUST = new Vector2(0.94f);
 
         private readonly Sprite logo;
         private readonly CircularContainer logoContainer;
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
         private Sample sampleDownbeat;
 
         private readonly Container colourAndTriangles;
-        private readonly Triangles triangles;
+        private readonly TrianglesV2 triangles;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Return value decides whether the logo should play its own sample for the click action.
@@ -184,13 +183,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
                                                                         new Box
                                                                         {
                                                                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                                                                            Colour = OsuPink,
+                                                                            Colour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"ff66ab"), Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"cc5289")),
                                                                         },
-                                                                        triangles = new Triangles
+                                                                        triangles = new TrianglesV2
                                                                         {
-                                                                            TriangleScale = 4,
-                                                                            ColourLight = Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"ff7db7"),
-                                                                            ColourDark = Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"de5b95"),
+                                                                            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                                                            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                                                            Thickness = 0.009f,
+                                                                            ScaleAdjust = 3,
+                                                                            SpawnRatio = 1.4f,
+                                                                            Colour = ColourInfo.GradientVertical(Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"ff66ab"), Color4Extensions.FromHex(@"b6346f")),
                                                                             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                                                                         },
                                                                     }
@@ -484,5 +486,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
             defaultProxyTarget.Add(this);
             defaultProxyTarget.Add(proxy = CreateProxy());
         }
+
+        public void ChangeAnchor(Anchor anchor)
+        {
+            var previousAnchor = AnchorPosition;
+            Anchor = anchor;
+            Position -= AnchorPosition - previousAnchor;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StarFountain.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StarFountain.cs
index fd59ec3573..dd5171c6be 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StarFountain.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StarFountain.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
@@ -43,8 +44,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
 
             private const double shoot_duration = 800;
 
-            protected override bool CanSpawnParticles => lastShootTime != null && Time.Current - lastShootTime < shoot_duration;
-
             [Resolved]
             private ISkinSource skin { get; set; } = null!;
 
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
             private void load(TextureStore textures)
             {
                 Texture = skin.GetTexture("Menu/fountain-star") ?? textures.Get("Menu/fountain-star");
-                Active.Value = true;
             }
 
             protected override FallingParticle CreateParticle()
@@ -81,8 +79,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
                 return lastShootDirection * x_velocity_from_direction * (float)(1 - 2 * (Clock.CurrentTime - lastShootTime!.Value) / shoot_duration) + getRandomVariance(x_velocity_random_variance);
             }
 
+            private ScheduledDelegate? deactivateDelegate;
+
             public void Shoot(int direction)
             {
+                Active.Value = true;
+
+                deactivateDelegate?.Cancel();
+                deactivateDelegate = Scheduler.AddDelayed(() => Active.Value = false, shoot_duration);
+
                 lastShootTime = Clock.CurrentTime;
                 lastShootDirection = direction;
             }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StorageErrorDialog.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StorageErrorDialog.cs
index dd43289873..b48046d190 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StorageErrorDialog.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Menu/StorageErrorDialog.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.IO;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Dialog;
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
 
         public StorageErrorDialog(OsuStorage storage, OsuStorageError error)
         {
-            HeaderText = "osu! storage error";
+            HeaderText = StorageErrorDialogStrings.StorageError;
             Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.ExclamationTriangle;
 
             var buttons = new List<PopupDialogButton>();
@@ -25,13 +26,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
             switch (error)
             {
                 case OsuStorageError.NotAccessible:
-                    BodyText = $"The specified osu! data location (\"{storage.CustomStoragePath}\") is not accessible. If it is on external storage, please reconnect the device and try again.";
+                    BodyText = StorageErrorDialogStrings.LocationIsNotAccessible(storage.CustomStoragePath);
 
                     buttons.AddRange(new PopupDialogButton[]
                     {
                         new PopupDialogCancelButton
                         {
-                            Text = "Try again",
+                            Text = StorageErrorDialogStrings.TryAgain,
                             Action = () =>
                             {
                                 if (!storage.TryChangeToCustomStorage(out var nextError))
@@ -40,29 +41,29 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Menu
                         },
                         new PopupDialogCancelButton
                         {
-                            Text = "Use default location until restart",
+                            Text = StorageErrorDialogStrings.UseDefaultLocation,
                         },
                         new PopupDialogOkButton
                         {
-                            Text = "Reset to default location",
+                            Text = StorageErrorDialogStrings.ResetToDefaultLocation,
                             Action = storage.ResetCustomStoragePath
                         },
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case OsuStorageError.AccessibleButEmpty:
-                    BodyText = $"The specified osu! data location (\"{storage.CustomStoragePath}\") is empty. If you have moved the files, please close osu! and move them back.";
+                    BodyText = StorageErrorDialogStrings.LocationIsEmpty(storage.CustomStoragePath);
 
                     // Todo: Provide the option to search for the files similar to migration.
                     buttons.AddRange(new PopupDialogButton[]
                     {
                         new PopupDialogCancelButton
                         {
-                            Text = "Start fresh at specified location"
+                            Text = StorageErrorDialogStrings.StartFresh
                         },
                         new PopupDialogOkButton
                         {
-                            Text = "Reset to default location",
+                            Text = StorageErrorDialogStrings.ResetToDefaultLocation,
                             Action = storage.ResetCustomStoragePath
                         },
                     });
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Components/RoomManager.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Components/RoomManager.cs
index e892f9280f..cb27d1ee61 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Components/RoomManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Components/RoomManager.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Development;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Components
 {
     public partial class RoomManager : Component, IRoomManager
     {
+        [CanBeNull]
         public event Action RoomsUpdated;
 
         private readonly BindableList<Room> rooms = new BindableList<Room>();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylist.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
index 8abdec9ade..5a1648c91f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylist.cs
@@ -165,7 +165,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay
         {
             d.SelectedItem.BindTarget = SelectedItem;
             d.RequestDeletion = i => RequestDeletion?.Invoke(i);
-            d.RequestResults = i => RequestResults?.Invoke(i);
+            d.RequestResults = i =>
+            {
+                SelectedItem.Value = i;
+                RequestResults?.Invoke(i);
+            };
             d.RequestEdit = i => RequestEdit?.Invoke(i);
             d.AllowReordering = AllowReordering;
             d.AllowDeletion = AllowDeletion;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylistItem.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylistItem.cs
index 8f405399a7..800c73cceb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylistItem.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DrawableRoomPlaylistItem.cs
@@ -118,8 +118,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay
         [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
         private ManageCollectionsDialog manageCollectionsDialog { get; set; }
 
-        protected override bool ShouldBeConsideredForInput(Drawable child) => AllowReordering || AllowDeletion || !AllowSelection || SelectedItem.Value == Model;
-
         public DrawableRoomPlaylistItem(PlaylistItem item)
             : base(item)
         {
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay
                                     AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                                     Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = 8, Right = 8 },
                                 },
-                                mainFillFlow = new FillFlowContainer
+                                mainFillFlow = new MainFlow(() => SelectedItem.Value == Model || !AllowSelection)
                                 {
                                     Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
                                     Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
@@ -670,5 +668,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay
                 public LocalisableString TooltipText => avatar.TooltipText;
             }
         }
+
+        public partial class MainFlow : FillFlowContainer
+        {
+            private readonly Func<bool> allowInteraction;
+
+            public override bool PropagatePositionalInputSubTree => allowInteraction();
+
+            public MainFlow(Func<bool> allowInteraction)
+            {
+                this.allowInteraction = allowInteraction;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/Components/RoomsContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/Components/RoomsContainer.cs
index ac6403bb34..e842f8c436 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/Components/RoomsContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/Components/RoomsContainer.cs
@@ -126,7 +126,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge.Components
                 case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
                     Debug.Assert(args.OldItems != null);
 
-                    removeRooms(args.OldItems.Cast<Room>());
+                    // clear operations have a separate path that benefits from async disposal,
+                    // since disposing is quite expensive when performed on a high number of drawables synchronously.
+                    if (args.OldItems.Count == roomFlow.Count)
+                        clearRooms();
+                    else
+                        removeRooms(args.OldItems.Cast<Room>());
+
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -146,11 +152,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge.Components
                 roomFlow.RemoveAll(d => d.Room == r, true);
 
                 // selection may have a lease due to being in a sub screen.
-                if (!SelectedRoom.Disabled)
+                if (SelectedRoom.Value == r && !SelectedRoom.Disabled)
                     SelectedRoom.Value = null;
             }
         }
 
+        private void clearRooms()
+        {
+            roomFlow.Clear();
+
+            // selection may have a lease due to being in a sub screen.
+            if (!SelectedRoom.Disabled)
+                SelectedRoom.Value = null;
+        }
+
         private void updateSorting()
         {
             foreach (var room in roomFlow)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/LoungeSubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/LoungeSubScreen.cs
index fc4a5357c6..3792a67896 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/LoungeSubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Lounge/LoungeSubScreen.cs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
-using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Input;
@@ -39,8 +40,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge
     {
         public override string Title => "Lounge";
 
-        protected override bool PlayExitSound => false;
-
         protected override BackgroundScreen CreateBackground() => new LoungeBackgroundScreen
         {
             SelectedRoom = { BindTarget = SelectedRoom }
@@ -77,6 +76,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Lounge
         [CanBeNull]
         private LeasedBindable<Room> selectionLease;
 
+        [Resolved]
+        protected OsuConfigManager Config { get; private set; }
+
         private readonly Bindable<FilterCriteria> filter = new Bindable<FilterCriteria>(new FilterCriteria());
         private readonly IBindable<bool> operationInProgress = new Bindable<bool>();
         private readonly IBindable<bool> isIdle = new BindableBool();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Match/RoomSubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Match/RoomSubScreen.cs
index 2cd8e45d28..4c0219eff5 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Match/RoomSubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Match/RoomSubScreen.cs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match
         private BeatmapManager beatmapManager { get; set; }
 
         [Resolved]
-        private RulesetStore rulesets { get; set; }
+        protected RulesetStore Rulesets { get; private set; }
 
         [Resolved]
         private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match
             if (selected == null)
                 return;
 
-            var rulesetInstance = rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID)?.CreateInstance();
+            var rulesetInstance = Rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID)?.CreateInstance();
             Debug.Assert(rulesetInstance != null);
             var allowedMods = SelectedItem.Value.AllowedMods.Select(m => m.ToMod(rulesetInstance));
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match
             if (SelectedItem.Value == null || !this.IsCurrentScreen())
                 return;
 
-            var rulesetInstance = rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID)?.CreateInstance();
+            var rulesetInstance = Rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID)?.CreateInstance();
             Debug.Assert(rulesetInstance != null);
             Mods.Value = UserMods.Value.Concat(SelectedItem.Value.RequiredMods.Select(m => m.ToMod(rulesetInstance))).ToList();
         }
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match
             if (SelectedItem.Value == null || !this.IsCurrentScreen())
                 return;
 
-            Ruleset.Value = rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID);
+            Ruleset.Value = Rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID);
         }
 
         private void beginHandlingTrack()
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Match
 
         private void cancelTrackLooping()
         {
-            var track = Beatmap?.Value?.Track;
+            var track = Beatmap.Value?.Track;
 
             if (track != null)
                 track.Looping = false;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerLoungeSubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerLoungeSubScreen.cs
index 4478179726..a3a6fd2d8e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerLoungeSubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerLoungeSubScreen.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
             roomAccessTypeDropdown = new SlimEnumDropdown<RoomPermissionsFilter>
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.None,
+                Current = Config.GetBindable<RoomPermissionsFilter>(OsuSetting.MultiplayerRoomFilter),
                 Width = 160,
             };
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
index 56256bb15c..a37314de0e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerMatchSubScreen.cs
@@ -44,8 +44,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
 
         public override string ShortTitle => "room";
 
-        protected override bool PlayExitSound => !exitConfirmed;
-
         [Resolved]
         private MultiplayerClient client { get; set; }
 
@@ -241,8 +239,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
 
             // update local mods based on room's reported status for the local user (omitting the base call implementation).
             // this makes the server authoritative, and avoids the local user potentially setting mods that the server is not aware of (ie. if the match was started during the selection being changed).
-            var ruleset = Ruleset.Value.CreateInstance();
-            Mods.Value = client.LocalUser.Mods.Select(m => m.ToMod(ruleset)).Concat(SelectedItem.Value.RequiredMods.Select(m => m.ToMod(ruleset))).ToList();
+            var rulesetInstance = Rulesets.GetRuleset(SelectedItem.Value.RulesetID)?.CreateInstance();
+            Debug.Assert(rulesetInstance != null);
+            Mods.Value = client.LocalUser.Mods.Select(m => m.ToMod(rulesetInstance)).Concat(SelectedItem.Value.RequiredMods.Select(m => m.ToMod(rulesetInstance))).ToList();
         }
 
         [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
index d9043df1d5..c5c536eae6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Multiplayer/MultiplayerPlayer.cs
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Multiplayer
             if (!LoadedBeatmapSuccessfully)
                 return;
 
+            ScoreProcessor.ApplyNewJudgementsWhenFailed = true;
+
             LoadComponentAsync(new GameplayChatDisplay(Room)
             {
                 Expanded = { BindTarget = LeaderboardExpandedState },
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlaySubScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlaySubScreen.cs
index b527bf98a2..fa1ee004c9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlaySubScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlaySubScreen.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay
 
         public virtual string ShortTitle => Title;
 
+        protected sealed override bool PlayExitSound => false;
+
         [Resolved]
         protected IRoomManager? RoomManager { get; private set; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Playlists/PlaylistsResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Playlists/PlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
index aa72394ac9..6a1924dea2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Playlists/PlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Playlists/PlaylistsResultsScreen.cs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.OnlinePlay.Playlists
         [Resolved]
         private RulesetStore rulesets { get; set; }
 
-        public PlaylistsResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score, long roomId, PlaylistItem playlistItem, bool allowRetry, bool allowWatchingReplay = true)
+        public PlaylistsResultsScreen([CanBeNull] ScoreInfo score, long roomId, PlaylistItem playlistItem, bool allowRetry, bool allowWatchingReplay = true)
             : base(score, allowRetry, allowWatchingReplay)
         {
             this.roomId = roomId;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/OsuScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/OsuScreen.cs
index 490a1ae6b8..2e8f85423d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/OsuScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/OsuScreen.cs
@@ -223,7 +223,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens
 
         public override bool OnExiting(ScreenExitEvent e)
         {
-            if (ValidForResume && PlayExitSound)
+            // Only play the exit sound if we are the last screen in the exit sequence.
+            // This stops many sample playbacks from stacking when a huge screen purge happens (ie. returning to menu via the home button
+            // from a deeply nested screen).
+            bool arrivingAtFinalDestination = e.Next == e.Destination;
+
+            if (ValidForResume && PlayExitSound && arrivingAtFinalDestination)
                 sampleExit?.Play();
 
             if (ValidForResume && logo != null)
@@ -245,9 +250,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens
         {
             logo.Action = null;
             logo.FadeOut(300, Easing.OutQuint);
-            logo.Anchor = Anchor.TopLeft;
+
             logo.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+
+            logo.ChangeAnchor(Anchor.TopLeft);
             logo.RelativePositionAxes = Axes.Both;
+
             logo.Triangles = true;
             logo.Ripple = true;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/FailAnimationContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/FailAnimationContainer.cs
index 821c67e3cb..ebb0d77726 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/FailAnimationContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/FailAnimationContainer.cs
@@ -198,8 +198,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             foreach (var nested in playfield.NestedPlayfields)
                 applyToPlayfield(nested);
 
-            foreach (DrawableHitObject obj in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            foreach (var entry in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveEntries)
             {
+                var obj = entry.Value;
+
                 if (appliedObjects.Contains(obj))
                     continue;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayClockContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayClockContainer.cs
index 4def1d36bb..c039d1e535 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayClockContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/GameplayClockContainer.cs
@@ -78,8 +78,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
             isPaused.Value = false;
 
-            PrepareStart();
-
             // The case which caused this to be added is FrameStabilityContainer, which manages its own current and elapsed time.
             // Because we generally update our own current time quicker than children can query it (via Start/Seek/Update),
             // this means that the first frame ever exposed to children may have a non-zero current time.
@@ -99,14 +97,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             });
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// When <see cref="Start"/> is called, this will be run to give an opportunity to prepare the clock at the correct
-        /// start location.
-        /// </summary>
-        protected virtual void PrepareStart()
-        {
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Seek to a specific time in gameplay.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
index 171aa3f44b..ca00ab12c7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonAccuracyCounter.cs
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 {
     public partial class ArgonAccuracyCounter : GameplayAccuracyCounter, ISerialisableDrawable
     {
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
-        protected override Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuint;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
         [SettingSource("Wireframe opacity", "Controls the opacity of the wire frames behind the digits.")]
         public BindableFloat WireframeOpacity { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.25f)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
index 1d6ca3c893..369c753cb0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonComboCounter.cs
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
     {
         private ArgonCounterTextComponent text = null!;
 
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
-        protected override Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuint;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
         [SettingSource("Wireframe opacity", "Controls the opacity of the wire frames behind the digits.")]
         public BindableFloat WireframeOpacity { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.25f)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
index a11f2f01cd..f8c82feddd 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonCounterTextComponent.cs
@@ -42,35 +42,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             Origin = anchor;
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
-            InternalChild = new FillFlowContainer
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
-                Children = new Drawable[]
+                labelText = new OsuSpriteText
                 {
-                    labelText = new OsuSpriteText
+                    Alpha = 0,
+                    Text = label.GetValueOrDefault(),
+                    Font = OsuFont.Torus.With(size: 12, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                    Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = 2.5f },
+                },
+                NumberContainer = new Container
+                {
+                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Children = new[]
                     {
-                        Alpha = 0,
-                        Text = label.GetValueOrDefault(),
-                        Font = OsuFont.Torus.With(size: 12, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                        Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = 2.5f },
-                    },
-                    NumberContainer = new Container
-                    {
-                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                        Children = new[]
+                        wireframesPart = new ArgonCounterSpriteText(wireframesLookup)
                         {
-                            wireframesPart = new ArgonCounterSpriteText(wireframesLookup)
-                            {
-                                Anchor = anchor,
-                                Origin = anchor,
-                            },
-                            textPart = new ArgonCounterSpriteText(textLookup)
-                            {
-                                Anchor = anchor,
-                                Origin = anchor,
-                            },
-                        }
+                            Anchor = anchor,
+                            Origin = anchor,
+                        },
+                        textPart = new ArgonCounterSpriteText(textLookup)
+                        {
+                            Anchor = anchor,
+                            Origin = anchor,
+                        },
                     }
                 }
             };
@@ -110,7 +105,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
             WireframeOpacity.BindValueChanged(v => wireframesPart.Alpha = v.NewValue, true);
-            ShowLabel.BindValueChanged(s => labelText.Alpha = s.NewValue ? 1 : 0, true);
+            ShowLabel.BindValueChanged(s =>
+            {
+                labelText.Alpha = s.NewValue ? 1 : 0;
+                NumberContainer.Y = s.NewValue ? 12 : 0;
+            }, true);
         }
 
         private partial class ArgonCounterSpriteText : OsuSpriteText
@@ -137,6 +136,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                 Spacing = new Vector2(-2f, 0f);
                 Font = new FontUsage(font_name, 1);
                 glyphStore = new GlyphStore(font_name, textures, getLookup);
+
+                // cache common lookups ahead of time.
+                foreach (char c in new[] { '.', '%', 'x' })
+                    glyphStore.Get(font_name, c);
+                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                    glyphStore.Get(font_name, (char)('0' + i));
             }
 
             protected override TextBuilder CreateTextBuilder(ITexturedGlyphLookupStore store) => base.CreateTextBuilder(glyphStore);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
index 236bd3366d..71996718d9 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplay.cs
@@ -2,23 +2,19 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Caching;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Lines;
 using osu.Framework.Layout;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.ArgonHealthDisplayParts;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
@@ -40,16 +36,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
         [SettingSource("Use relative size")]
         public BindableBool UseRelativeSize { get; } = new BindableBool(true);
 
-        private BarPath mainBar = null!;
+        private ArgonHealthDisplayBar mainBar = null!;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Used to show a glow at the end of the main bar, or red "damage" area when missing.
         /// </summary>
-        private BarPath glowBar = null!;
+        private ArgonHealthDisplayBar glowBar = null!;
 
-        private BackgroundPath background = null!;
-
-        private SliderPath barPath = null!;
+        private Container content = null!;
 
         private static readonly Colour4 main_bar_colour = Colour4.White;
         private static readonly Colour4 main_bar_glow_colour = Color4Extensions.FromHex("#7ED7FD").Opacity(0.5f);
@@ -58,23 +52,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         private bool displayingMiss => resetMissBarDelegate != null;
 
-        private readonly List<Vector2> vertices = new List<Vector2>();
-
         private double glowBarValue;
 
         private double healthBarValue;
 
         public const float MAIN_PATH_RADIUS = 10f;
-
-        private const float curve_start_offset = 70;
-        private const float curve_end_offset = 40;
         private const float padding = MAIN_PATH_RADIUS * 2;
-        private const float curve_smoothness = 10;
+        private const float glow_path_radius = 40f;
+        private const float main_path_glow_portion = 0.6f;
 
         private readonly LayoutValue drawSizeLayout = new LayoutValue(Invalidation.DrawSize);
 
-        private readonly Cached pathVerticesCache = new Cached();
-
         public ArgonHealthDisplay()
         {
             AddLayout(drawSizeLayout);
@@ -92,36 +80,39 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
         {
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
 
-            InternalChild = new Container
+            InternalChild = content = new Container
             {
-                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 Children = new Drawable[]
                 {
-                    background = new BackgroundPath
+                    new ArgonHealthDisplayBackground
                     {
-                        PathRadius = MAIN_PATH_RADIUS,
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
                     },
-                    glowBar = new BarPath
+                    new Container
                     {
-                        BarColour = Color4.White,
-                        GlowColour = main_bar_glow_colour,
-                        Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
-                        Colour = ColourInfo.GradientHorizontal(Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f), Color4.White),
-                        PathRadius = 40f,
-                        // Kinda hacky, but results in correct positioning with increased path radius.
-                        Margin = new MarginPadding(-30f),
-                        GlowPortion = 0.9f,
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                        // since we are using bigger path radius we need to expand the draw area outwards to preserve the curve placement
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding(MAIN_PATH_RADIUS - glow_path_radius),
+                        Child = glowBar = new ArgonHealthDisplayBar
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            BarColour = Color4.White,
+                            GlowColour = main_bar_glow_colour,
+                            Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
+                            Colour = ColourInfo.GradientHorizontal(Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f), Color4.White),
+                            PathRadius = glow_path_radius,
+                            GlowPortion = (glow_path_radius - MAIN_PATH_RADIUS * (1f - main_path_glow_portion)) / glow_path_radius,
+                        }
                     },
-                    mainBar = new BarPath
+                    mainBar = new ArgonHealthDisplayBar
                     {
-                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.None,
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                         Blending = BlendingParameters.Additive,
                         BarColour = main_bar_colour,
                         GlowColour = main_bar_glow_colour,
                         PathRadius = MAIN_PATH_RADIUS,
-                        GlowPortion = 0.6f,
-                    },
+                        GlowPortion = main_path_glow_portion
+                    }
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -142,10 +133,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             UseRelativeSize.BindValueChanged(v => RelativeSizeAxes = v.NewValue ? Axes.X : Axes.None, true);
             Width = previousWidth;
 
-            BarHeight.BindValueChanged(_ => updatePath(), true);
+            BarHeight.BindValueChanged(_ => updateContentSize(), true);
         }
 
-        private void onNewJudgement(JudgementResult result) => pendingMissAnimation |= !result.IsHit;
+        private void onNewJudgement(JudgementResult result)
+        {
+            // Check the health increase because cases like osu!catch bananas fire `IgnoreMiss`,
+            // which counts as a miss but doesn't actually subtract any health.
+            pendingMissAnimation |= !result.IsHit && result.HealthIncrease < 0;
+        }
 
         protected override void Update()
         {
@@ -153,7 +149,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             if (!drawSizeLayout.IsValid)
             {
-                updatePath();
+                updateContentSize();
                 drawSizeLayout.Validate();
             }
 
@@ -164,7 +160,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             mainBar.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(mainBar.Alpha, Current.Value > 0 ? 1 : 0, 40, Time.Elapsed);
             glowBar.Alpha = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(glowBar.Alpha, glowBarValue > 0 ? 1 : 0, 40, Time.Elapsed);
 
-            updatePathVertices();
+            updatePathProgress();
         }
 
         protected override void HealthChanged(bool increase)
@@ -194,10 +190,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             if (!displayingMiss)
             {
-                // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
-                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), Colour4.White, 30, Easing.OutQuint)
+                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.GlowColour), Colour4.White, 30, Easing.OutQuint)
                        .Then()
-                       .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
+                       .TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.OutQuint);
             }
         }
 
@@ -212,13 +207,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                 finishMissDisplay();
             }, out resetMissBarDelegate);
 
-            // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
-            glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 147, 147, 255), 100, Easing.OutQuint).Then()
-                   .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 93, 93, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
+            glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 147, 147, 255), 100, Easing.OutQuint).Then()
+                   .TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.BarColour), new Colour4(255, 93, 93, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
 
-            // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
-            glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255).Lighten(0.2f))
-                   .TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
+            glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255).Lighten(0.2f))
+                   .TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.GlowColour), new Colour4(253, 0, 0, 255), 800, Easing.OutQuint);
         }
 
         private void finishMissDisplay()
@@ -228,53 +221,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
             if (Current.Value > 0)
             {
-                // TODO: REMOVE THIS. It's recreating textures.
-                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.BarColour), main_bar_colour, 300, Easing.In);
-                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(BarPath.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.In);
+                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.BarColour), main_bar_colour, 300, Easing.In);
+                glowBar.TransformTo(nameof(ArgonHealthDisplayBar.GlowColour), main_bar_glow_colour, 300, Easing.In);
             }
 
             resetMissBarDelegate?.Cancel();
             resetMissBarDelegate = null;
         }
 
-        private void updatePath()
+        private void updateContentSize()
         {
             float usableWidth = DrawWidth - padding;
 
             if (usableWidth < 0) enforceMinimumWidth();
 
-            // the display starts curving at `curve_start_offset` units from the right and ends curving at `curve_end_offset`.
-            // to ensure that the curve is symmetric when it starts being narrow enough, add a `curve_end_offset` to the left side too.
-            const float rescale_cutoff = curve_start_offset + curve_end_offset;
-
-            float barLength = Math.Max(DrawWidth - padding, rescale_cutoff);
-            float curveStart = barLength - curve_start_offset;
-            float curveEnd = barLength - curve_end_offset;
-
-            Vector2 diagonalDir = (new Vector2(curveEnd, BarHeight.Value) - new Vector2(curveStart, 0)).Normalized();
-
-            barPath = new SliderPath(new[]
-            {
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(0, 0), PathType.LINEAR),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveStart - curve_smoothness, 0), PathType.BEZIER),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveStart, 0)),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveStart, 0) + diagonalDir * curve_smoothness, PathType.LINEAR),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveEnd, BarHeight.Value) - diagonalDir * curve_smoothness, PathType.BEZIER),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveEnd, BarHeight.Value)),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(curveEnd + curve_smoothness, BarHeight.Value), PathType.LINEAR),
-                new PathControlPoint(new Vector2(barLength, BarHeight.Value)),
-            });
-
-            if (DrawWidth - padding < rescale_cutoff)
-                rescalePathProportionally();
-
-            barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, 0.0, 1.0);
-
-            background.Vertices = vertices;
-            mainBar.Vertices = vertices;
-            glowBar.Vertices = vertices;
-
-            updatePathVertices();
+            content.Size = new Vector2(DrawWidth, BarHeight.Value + padding);
+            updatePathProgress();
 
             void enforceMinimumWidth()
             {
@@ -287,35 +249,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
                 RelativeSizeAxes = relativeAxes;
             }
-
-            void rescalePathProportionally()
-            {
-                foreach (var point in barPath.ControlPoints)
-                    point.Position = new Vector2(point.Position.X / barLength * (DrawWidth - padding), point.Position.Y);
-            }
         }
 
-        private void updatePathVertices()
+        private void updatePathProgress()
         {
-            barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, 0.0, healthBarValue);
-            if (vertices.Count == 0) vertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
-            Vector2 initialVertex = vertices[0];
-            for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Count; i++)
-                vertices[i] -= initialVertex;
-
-            mainBar.Vertices = vertices;
-            mainBar.Position = initialVertex;
-
-            barPath.GetPathToProgress(vertices, healthBarValue, Math.Max(glowBarValue, healthBarValue));
-            if (vertices.Count == 0) vertices.Add(Vector2.Zero);
-            initialVertex = vertices[0];
-            for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Count; i++)
-                vertices[i] -= initialVertex;
-
-            glowBar.Vertices = vertices;
-            glowBar.Position = initialVertex;
-
-            pathVerticesCache.Validate();
+            mainBar.ProgressRange = new Vector2(0f, (float)healthBarValue);
+            glowBar.ProgressRange = new Vector2((float)healthBarValue, (float)Math.Max(glowBarValue, healthBarValue));
         }
 
         protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
@@ -325,67 +264,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             if (HealthProcessor.IsNotNull())
                 HealthProcessor.NewJudgement -= onNewJudgement;
         }
-
-        private partial class BackgroundPath : SmoothPath
-        {
-            private static readonly Color4 colour_white = Color4.White.Opacity(0.8f);
-            private static readonly Color4 colour_black = Color4.Black.Opacity(0.2f);
-
-            protected override Color4 ColourAt(float position)
-            {
-                if (position <= 0.16f)
-                    return colour_white;
-
-                return Interpolation.ValueAt(position,
-                    colour_white,
-                    colour_black,
-                    -0.5f, 1f, Easing.OutQuint);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private partial class BarPath : SmoothPath
-        {
-            private Colour4 barColour;
-
-            public Colour4 BarColour
-            {
-                get => barColour;
-                set
-                {
-                    if (barColour == value)
-                        return;
-
-                    barColour = value;
-                    InvalidateTexture();
-                }
-            }
-
-            private Colour4 glowColour;
-
-            public Colour4 GlowColour
-            {
-                get => glowColour;
-                set
-                {
-                    if (glowColour == value)
-                        return;
-
-                    glowColour = value;
-                    InvalidateTexture();
-                }
-            }
-
-            public float GlowPortion { get; init; }
-
-            private static readonly Colour4 transparent_black = Colour4.Black.Opacity(0.0f);
-
-            protected override Color4 ColourAt(float position)
-            {
-                if (position >= GlowPortion)
-                    return BarColour;
-
-                return Interpolation.ValueAt(position, transparent_black, GlowColour, 0.0, GlowPortion, Easing.InQuint);
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBackground.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBackground.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b486465cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBackground.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders.Types;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.ArgonHealthDisplayParts
+{
+    public partial class ArgonHealthDisplayBackground : Box
+    {
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(ShaderManager shaders)
+        {
+            TextureShader = shaders.Load(VertexShaderDescriptor.TEXTURE_2, "ArgonBarPathBackground");
+        }
+
+        protected override DrawNode CreateDrawNode() => new ArgonBarPathDrawNode(this);
+
+        private class ArgonBarPathDrawNode : SpriteDrawNode
+        {
+            protected new ArgonHealthDisplayBackground Source => (ArgonHealthDisplayBackground)base.Source;
+
+            private IUniformBuffer<ArgonBarPathBackgroundParameters>? parametersBuffer;
+
+            public ArgonBarPathDrawNode(ArgonHealthDisplayBackground source)
+                : base(source)
+            {
+            }
+
+            private Vector2 size;
+
+            public override void ApplyState()
+            {
+                base.ApplyState();
+                size = Source.DrawSize;
+            }
+
+            protected override void BindUniformResources(IShader shader, IRenderer renderer)
+            {
+                base.BindUniformResources(shader, renderer);
+
+                parametersBuffer ??= renderer.CreateUniformBuffer<ArgonBarPathBackgroundParameters>();
+                parametersBuffer.Data = new ArgonBarPathBackgroundParameters { Size = size };
+
+                shader.BindUniformBlock("m_ArgonBarPathBackgroundParameters", parametersBuffer);
+            }
+
+            protected override bool CanDrawOpaqueInterior => false;
+
+            protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
+            {
+                base.Dispose(isDisposing);
+                parametersBuffer?.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+            private record struct ArgonBarPathBackgroundParameters
+            {
+                public UniformVector2 Size;
+                private readonly UniformPadding8 pad;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBar.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBar.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28e56183bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonHealthDisplayParts/ArgonHealthDisplayBar.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shaders.Types;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.ArgonHealthDisplayParts
+{
+    public partial class ArgonHealthDisplayBar : Box
+    {
+        private Vector2 progressRange = new Vector2(0f, 1f);
+
+        public Vector2 ProgressRange
+        {
+            get => progressRange;
+            set
+            {
+                if (progressRange == value)
+                    return;
+
+                progressRange = value;
+                Invalidate(Invalidation.DrawNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private float radius = 10f;
+
+        public float PathRadius
+        {
+            get => radius;
+            set
+            {
+                if (radius == value)
+                    return;
+
+                radius = value;
+                Invalidate(Invalidation.DrawNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private float glowPortion;
+
+        public float GlowPortion
+        {
+            get => glowPortion;
+            set
+            {
+                if (glowPortion == value)
+                    return;
+
+                glowPortion = value;
+                Invalidate(Invalidation.DrawNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Colour4 barColour = Color4.White;
+
+        public Colour4 BarColour
+        {
+            get => barColour;
+            set
+            {
+                if (barColour == value)
+                    return;
+
+                barColour = value;
+                Invalidate(Invalidation.DrawNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Colour4 glowColour = Color4.White.Opacity(0);
+
+        public Colour4 GlowColour
+        {
+            get => glowColour;
+            set
+            {
+                if (glowColour == value)
+                    return;
+
+                glowColour = value;
+                Invalidate(Invalidation.DrawNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(ShaderManager shaders)
+        {
+            TextureShader = shaders.Load(VertexShaderDescriptor.TEXTURE_2, "ArgonBarPath");
+        }
+
+        protected override DrawNode CreateDrawNode() => new ArgonBarPathDrawNode(this);
+
+        private class ArgonBarPathDrawNode : SpriteDrawNode
+        {
+            protected new ArgonHealthDisplayBar Source => (ArgonHealthDisplayBar)base.Source;
+
+            private IUniformBuffer<ArgonBarPathParameters>? parametersBuffer;
+
+            public ArgonBarPathDrawNode(ArgonHealthDisplayBar source)
+                : base(source)
+            {
+            }
+
+            private Vector2 size;
+            private Vector2 progressRange;
+            private float pathRadius;
+            private float glowPortion;
+            private Color4 barColour;
+            private Color4 glowColour;
+
+            public override void ApplyState()
+            {
+                base.ApplyState();
+
+                size = Source.DrawSize;
+                progressRange = new Vector2(Math.Min(Source.progressRange.X, Source.progressRange.Y), Source.progressRange.Y);
+                pathRadius = Source.PathRadius;
+                glowPortion = Source.GlowPortion;
+                barColour = Source.barColour;
+                glowColour = Source.glowColour;
+            }
+
+            protected override void Draw(IRenderer renderer)
+            {
+                if (pathRadius == 0)
+                    return;
+
+                base.Draw(renderer);
+            }
+
+            protected override void BindUniformResources(IShader shader, IRenderer renderer)
+            {
+                base.BindUniformResources(shader, renderer);
+
+                parametersBuffer ??= renderer.CreateUniformBuffer<ArgonBarPathParameters>();
+                parametersBuffer.Data = new ArgonBarPathParameters
+                {
+                    BarColour = new Vector4(barColour.R, barColour.G, barColour.B, barColour.A),
+                    GlowColour = new Vector4(glowColour.R, glowColour.G, glowColour.B, glowColour.A),
+                    GlowPortion = glowPortion,
+                    Size = size,
+                    ProgressRange = progressRange,
+                    PathRadius = pathRadius
+                };
+
+                shader.BindUniformBlock("m_ArgonBarPathParameters", parametersBuffer);
+            }
+
+            protected override bool CanDrawOpaqueInterior => false;
+
+            protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
+            {
+                base.Dispose(isDisposing);
+                parametersBuffer?.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+            private record struct ArgonBarPathParameters
+            {
+                public UniformVector4 BarColour;
+                public UniformVector4 GlowColour;
+                public UniformVector2 Size;
+                public UniformVector2 ProgressRange;
+                public UniformFloat PathRadius;
+                public UniformFloat GlowPortion;
+                private readonly UniformPadding8 pad;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
index f7ca218767..44b9fb3123 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonScoreCounter.cs
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
     {
         private ArgonScoreTextComponent scoreText = null!;
 
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
-        protected override Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuint;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 250;
 
         [SettingSource("Wireframe opacity", "Controls the opacity of the wire frames behind the digits.")]
         public BindableFloat WireframeOpacity { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.25f)
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         public bool UsesFixedAnchor { get; set; }
 
-        protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(long count) => count.ToLocalisableString();
+        protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(long count) => count.ToString();
 
         protected override IHasText CreateText() => scoreText = new ArgonScoreTextComponent(Anchor.TopRight, BeatmapsetsStrings.ShowScoreboardHeadersScore.ToUpper())
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgress.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgress.cs
index cb38854bca..7db3f9fd3c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgress.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgress.cs
@@ -114,12 +114,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override void UpdateProgress(double progress, bool isIntro)
         {
-            bar.TrackTime = GameplayClock.CurrentTime;
-
-            if (isIntro)
-                bar.CurrentTime = 0;
-            else
-                bar.CurrentTime = FrameStableClock.CurrentTime;
+            bar.Progress = isIntro ? 0 : progress;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgressBar.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgressBar.cs
index beaee0e9ee..7a7870a775 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgressBar.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ArgonSongProgressBar.cs
@@ -3,96 +3,59 @@
 
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Colour;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
-using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 {
-    public partial class ArgonSongProgressBar : SliderBar<double>
+    public partial class ArgonSongProgressBar : SongProgressBar
     {
-        public Action<double>? OnSeek { get; set; }
-
         // Parent will handle restricting the area of valid input.
         public override bool ReceivePositionalInputAt(Vector2 screenSpacePos) => true;
 
         private readonly float barHeight;
 
         private readonly RoundedBar playfieldBar;
-        private readonly RoundedBar catchupBar;
+        private readonly RoundedBar audioBar;
 
         private readonly Box background;
 
         private readonly ColourInfo mainColour;
         private ColourInfo catchUpColour;
 
-        public double StartTime
-        {
-            private get => CurrentNumber.MinValue;
-            set => CurrentNumber.MinValue = value;
-        }
+        public double Progress { get; set; }
 
-        public double EndTime
-        {
-            private get => CurrentNumber.MaxValue;
-            set => CurrentNumber.MaxValue = value;
-        }
-
-        public double CurrentTime
-        {
-            private get => CurrentNumber.Value;
-            set => CurrentNumber.Value = value;
-        }
-
-        public double TrackTime
-        {
-            private get => currentTrackTime.Value;
-            set => currentTrackTime.Value = value;
-        }
-
-        private double length => EndTime - StartTime;
-
-        private readonly BindableNumber<double> currentTrackTime;
-
-        public bool Interactive { get; set; }
+        private double trackTime => (EndTime - StartTime) * Progress;
 
         public ArgonSongProgressBar(float barHeight)
         {
-            currentTrackTime = new BindableDouble();
-            setupAlternateValue();
-
-            StartTime = 0;
-            EndTime = 1;
-
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Height = this.barHeight = barHeight;
 
             CornerRadius = 5;
             Masking = true;
 
-            Children = new Drawable[]
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
                 background = new Box
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                     Alpha = 0,
                     Colour = OsuColour.Gray(0.2f),
+                    Depth = float.MaxValue,
                 },
-                catchupBar = new RoundedBar
+                audioBar = new RoundedBar
                 {
                     Name = "Audio bar",
                     Anchor = Anchor.BottomLeft,
                     Origin = Anchor.BottomLeft,
                     CornerRadius = 5,
-                    AlwaysPresent = true,
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both
                 },
                 playfieldBar = new RoundedBar
@@ -107,24 +70,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             };
         }
 
-        private void setupAlternateValue()
-        {
-            CurrentNumber.MaxValueChanged += v => currentTrackTime.MaxValue = v;
-            CurrentNumber.MinValueChanged += v => currentTrackTime.MinValue = v;
-            CurrentNumber.PrecisionChanged += v => currentTrackTime.Precision = v;
-        }
-
-        private float normalizedReference
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                if (EndTime - StartTime == 0)
-                    return 1;
-
-                return (float)((TrackTime - StartTime) / length);
-            }
-        }
-
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuColour colours)
         {
@@ -153,47 +98,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             base.OnHoverLost(e);
         }
 
-        protected override void UpdateValue(float value)
-        {
-            // Handled in Update
-        }
-
         protected override void Update()
         {
             base.Update();
 
-            playfieldBar.Length = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(playfieldBar.Length, NormalizedValue, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
-            catchupBar.Length = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(catchupBar.Length, normalizedReference, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
+            playfieldBar.Length = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(playfieldBar.Length, Progress, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
+            audioBar.Length = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(audioBar.Length, AudioProgress, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
 
-            if (TrackTime < CurrentTime)
-                ChangeChildDepth(catchupBar, -1);
+            if (trackTime > AudioTime)
+                ChangeInternalChildDepth(audioBar, -1);
             else
-                ChangeChildDepth(catchupBar, 0);
+                ChangeInternalChildDepth(audioBar, 1);
 
-            float timeDelta = (float)(Math.Abs(CurrentTime - TrackTime));
+            float timeDelta = (float)Math.Abs(AudioTime - trackTime);
 
             const float colour_transition_threshold = 20000;
 
-            catchupBar.AccentColour = Interpolation.ValueAt(
+            audioBar.AccentColour = Interpolation.ValueAt(
                 Math.Min(timeDelta, colour_transition_threshold),
                 mainColour,
                 catchUpColour,
                 0, colour_transition_threshold,
                 Easing.OutQuint);
-
-            catchupBar.Alpha = Math.Max(1, catchupBar.Length);
-        }
-
-        private ScheduledDelegate? scheduledSeek;
-
-        protected override void OnUserChange(double value)
-        {
-            scheduledSeek?.Cancel();
-            scheduledSeek = Schedule(() =>
-            {
-                if (Interactive)
-                    OnSeek?.Invoke(value);
-            });
         }
 
         private partial class RoundedBar : Container
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/BPMCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/BPMCounter.cs
index cd24237493..9cd285db4c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/BPMCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/BPMCounter.cs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 {
     public partial class BPMCounter : RollingCounter<double>, ISerialisableDrawable
     {
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 750;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 375;
 
         [Resolved]
         private IBindable<WorkingBeatmap> beatmap { get; set; } = null!;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ClicksPerSecond/ClicksPerSecondCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ClicksPerSecond/ClicksPerSecondCounter.cs
index 9b5ea309b0..a1cccdef0a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ClicksPerSecond/ClicksPerSecondCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/ClicksPerSecond/ClicksPerSecondCounter.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.ClicksPerSecond
         [Resolved]
         private ClicksPerSecondController controller { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 350;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 175;
 
         public bool UsesFixedAnchor { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgress.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgress.cs
index 48809796f3..f01c11855c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgress.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgress.cs
@@ -98,12 +98,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override void UpdateProgress(double progress, bool isIntro)
         {
-            bar.CurrentTime = GameplayClock.CurrentTime;
-
-            if (isIntro)
-                graph.Progress = 0;
-            else
-                graph.Progress = (int)(graph.ColumnCount * progress);
+            graph.Progress = isIntro ? 0 : (int)(graph.ColumnCount * progress);
         }
 
         protected override void Update()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgressBar.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgressBar.cs
index 0e16067dcc..d5a6a75793 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgressBar.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/DefaultSongProgressBar.cs
@@ -7,71 +7,27 @@ using osuTK.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
-using osu.Framework.Threading;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 {
-    public partial class DefaultSongProgressBar : SliderBar<double>
+    public partial class DefaultSongProgressBar : SongProgressBar
     {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Action which is invoked when a seek is requested, with the proposed millisecond value for the seek operation.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Action<double>? OnSeek { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Whether the progress bar should allow interaction, ie. to perform seek operations.
-        /// </summary>
-        public bool Interactive
-        {
-            get => showHandle;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == showHandle)
-                    return;
-
-                showHandle = value;
-
-                handleBase.FadeTo(showHandle ? 1 : 0, 200);
-            }
-        }
-
         public Color4 FillColour
         {
             set => fill.Colour = value;
         }
 
-        public double StartTime
-        {
-            set => CurrentNumber.MinValue = value;
-        }
-
-        public double EndTime
-        {
-            set => CurrentNumber.MaxValue = value;
-        }
-
-        public double CurrentTime
-        {
-            set => CurrentNumber.Value = value;
-        }
-
         private readonly Box fill;
         private readonly Container handleBase;
         private readonly Container handleContainer;
 
-        private bool showHandle;
-
         public DefaultSongProgressBar(float barHeight, float handleBarHeight, Vector2 handleSize)
         {
-            CurrentNumber.MinValue = 0;
-            CurrentNumber.MaxValue = 1;
-
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X;
             Height = barHeight + handleBarHeight + handleSize.Y;
 
-            Children = new Drawable[]
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
                 new Box
                 {
@@ -130,9 +86,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             };
         }
 
-        protected override void UpdateValue(float value)
+        public override bool Interactive
         {
-            // handled in update
+            get => base.Interactive;
+            set
+            {
+                base.Interactive = value;
+                handleBase.FadeTo(value ? 1 : 0, 200);
+            }
         }
 
         protected override void Update()
@@ -140,22 +101,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             base.Update();
 
             handleBase.Height = Height - handleContainer.Height;
-            float newX = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(handleBase.X, NormalizedValue * UsableWidth, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
+            float newX = (float)Interpolation.Lerp(handleBase.X, AudioProgress * DrawWidth, Math.Clamp(Time.Elapsed / 40, 0, 1));
 
             fill.Width = newX;
             handleBase.X = newX;
         }
-
-        private ScheduledDelegate? scheduledSeek;
-
-        protected override void OnUserChange(double value)
-        {
-            scheduledSeek?.Cancel();
-            scheduledSeek = Schedule(() =>
-            {
-                if (showHandle)
-                    OnSeek?.Invoke(value);
-            });
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/GameplayLeaderboard.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/GameplayLeaderboard.cs
index d990af32e7..d2b6b834f8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/GameplayLeaderboard.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/GameplayLeaderboard.cs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             if (!scroll.IsScrolledToEnd()) fadeBottom -= panel_height;
 
             // logic is mostly shared with Leaderboard, copied here for simplicity.
-            foreach (var c in Flow.Children)
+            foreach (var c in Flow)
             {
                 float topY = c.ToSpaceOfOtherDrawable(Vector2.Zero, Flow).Y;
                 float bottomY = topY + panel_height;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HitErrorMeters/ColourHitErrorMeter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HitErrorMeters/ColourHitErrorMeter.cs
index 65f4b50dde..0f2f9dc323 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HitErrorMeters/ColourHitErrorMeter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HitErrorMeters/ColourHitErrorMeter.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ using osu.Game.Localisation.HUD;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osuTK;
-using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.HitErrorMeters
 {
@@ -42,16 +41,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.HitErrorMeters
         [SettingSource(typeof(ColourHitErrorMeterStrings), nameof(ColourHitErrorMeterStrings.JudgementShape), nameof(ColourHitErrorMeterStrings.JudgementShapeDescription))]
         public Bindable<ShapeStyle> JudgementShape { get; } = new Bindable<ShapeStyle>();
 
+        private readonly DrawablePool<HitErrorShape> judgementShapePool;
         private readonly JudgementFlow judgementsFlow;
 
         public ColourHitErrorMeter()
         {
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
-            InternalChild = judgementsFlow = new JudgementFlow
+            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
             {
-                JudgementShape = { BindTarget = JudgementShape },
-                JudgementSpacing = { BindTarget = JudgementSpacing },
-                JudgementCount = { BindTarget = JudgementCount }
+                judgementShapePool = new DrawablePool<HitErrorShape>(50),
+                judgementsFlow = new JudgementFlow
+                {
+                    JudgementShape = { BindTarget = JudgementShape },
+                    JudgementSpacing = { BindTarget = JudgementSpacing },
+                    JudgementCount = { BindTarget = JudgementCount }
+                }
             };
         }
 
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.HitErrorMeters
             if (!judgement.Type.IsScorable() || judgement.Type.IsBonus())
                 return;
 
-            judgementsFlow.Push(GetColourForHitResult(judgement.Type));
+            judgementsFlow.Push(judgementShapePool.Get(shape => shape.Colour = GetColourForHitResult(judgement.Type)));
         }
 
         public override void Clear()
@@ -105,15 +109,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.HitErrorMeters
 
             private readonly DrawablePool<HitErrorShape> judgementLinePool = new DrawablePool<HitErrorShape>(50);
 
-            public void Push(Color4 colour)
+            public void Push(HitErrorShape shape)
             {
-                judgementLinePool.Get(shape =>
-                {
-                    shape.Colour = colour;
-                    Add(shape);
-
-                    removeExtraJudgements();
-                });
+                Add(shape);
+                removeExtraJudgements();
             }
 
             private void removeExtraJudgements()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HoldForMenuButton.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HoldForMenuButton.cs
index 0921a9f18a..a260156595 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HoldForMenuButton.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/HoldForMenuButton.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal;
             Spacing = new Vector2(20, 0);
             Margin = new MarginPadding(10);
+
+            AlwaysPresent = true;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
@@ -66,9 +69,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                     Action = () => Action(),
                 }
             };
+
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
         }
 
+        [Resolved]
+        private SessionStatics sessionStatics { get; set; }
+
+        private Bindable<bool> touchActive;
+
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             button.HoldActivationDelay.BindValueChanged(v =>
@@ -78,7 +87,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                     : "press for menu";
             }, true);
 
-            text.FadeInFromZero(500, Easing.OutQuint).Delay(1500).FadeOut(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+            touchActive = sessionStatics.GetBindable<bool>(Static.TouchInputActive);
+
+            if (touchActive.Value)
+            {
+                Alpha = 1f;
+                text.FadeInFromZero(500, Easing.OutQuint)
+                    .Delay(1500)
+                    .FadeOut(500, Easing.OutQuint);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Alpha = 0;
+                text.Alpha = 0f;
+            }
 
             base.LoadComplete();
         }
@@ -87,7 +109,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override bool OnMouseMove(MouseMoveEvent e)
         {
-            positionalAdjust = Vector2.Distance(e.MousePosition, button.ToSpaceOfOtherDrawable(button.DrawRectangle.Centre, Parent)) / 100;
+            positionalAdjust = Vector2.Distance(e.MousePosition, button.ToSpaceOfOtherDrawable(button.DrawRectangle.Centre, Parent!)) / 100;
             return base.OnMouseMove(e);
         }
 
@@ -99,9 +121,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                 Alpha = 1;
             else
             {
+                float minAlpha = touchActive.Value ? .08f : 0;
+
                 Alpha = Interpolation.ValueAt(
                     Math.Clamp(Clock.ElapsedFrameTime, 0, 200),
-                    Alpha, Math.Clamp(1 - positionalAdjust, 0.04f, 1), 0, 200, Easing.OutQuint);
+                    Alpha, Math.Clamp(1 - positionalAdjust, minAlpha, 1), 0, 200, Easing.OutQuint);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCountController.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCountController.cs
index 43c2ae442a..8134c97bac 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCountController.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCountController.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
@@ -21,18 +22,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
         [Resolved]
         private ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        public List<JudgementCount> Results = new List<JudgementCount>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<HitResult, JudgementCount> results = new Dictionary<HitResult, JudgementCount>();
+
+        public IEnumerable<JudgementCount> Counters => counters;
+
+        private readonly List<JudgementCount> counters = new List<JudgementCount>();
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(IBindable<RulesetInfo> ruleset)
         {
-            foreach (var result in ruleset.Value.CreateInstance().GetHitResults())
+            // Due to weirdness in judgements, some results have the same name and should be aggregated for display purposes.
+            // There's only one case of this right now ("slider end").
+            foreach (var group in ruleset.Value.CreateInstance().GetHitResults().GroupBy(r => r.displayName))
             {
-                Results.Add(new JudgementCount
+                var judgementCount = new JudgementCount
                 {
-                    Type = result.result,
+                    DisplayName = group.Key,
+                    Types = group.Select(r => r.result).ToArray(),
                     ResultCount = new BindableInt()
-                });
+                };
+
+                counters.Add(judgementCount);
+
+                foreach (var r in group)
+                    results[r.result] = judgementCount;
             }
         }
 
@@ -46,13 +59,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
 
         private void updateCount(JudgementResult judgement, bool revert)
         {
-            foreach (JudgementCount result in Results.Where(result => result.Type == judgement.Type))
-                result.ResultCount.Value = revert ? result.ResultCount.Value - 1 : result.ResultCount.Value + 1;
+            if (!results.TryGetValue(judgement.Type, out var count))
+                return;
+
+            if (revert)
+                count.ResultCount.Value--;
+            else
+                count.ResultCount.Value++;
         }
 
         public struct JudgementCount
         {
-            public HitResult Type { get; set; }
+            public LocalisableString DisplayName { get; set; }
+
+            public HitResult[] Types { get; set; }
 
             public BindableInt ResultCount { get; set; }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounter.cs
index 6c417faac2..45ed8d749b 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounter.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -44,14 +45,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
                     {
                         Alpha = 0,
                         Font = OsuFont.Numeric.With(size: 8),
-                        Text = ruleset.Value.CreateInstance().GetDisplayNameForHitResult(Result.Type)
+                        Text = Result.DisplayName,
                     }
                 }
             };
 
-            var result = Result.Type;
+            var result = Result.Types.First();
 
-            Colour = result.IsBasic() ? colours.ForHitResult(Result.Type) : !result.IsBonus() ? colours.PurpleLight : colours.PurpleLighter;
+            Colour = result.IsBasic() ? colours.ForHitResult(result) : !result.IsBonus() ? colours.PurpleLight : colours.PurpleLighter;
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounterDisplay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounterDisplay.cs
index 128897ddde..25e5464205 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounterDisplay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/JudgementCounter/JudgementCounterDisplay.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
                 AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both
             };
 
-            foreach (var result in judgementCountController.Results)
+            foreach (var result in judgementCountController.Counters)
                 CounterFlow.Add(createCounter(result));
         }
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
 
                 CounterFlow.Direction = convertedDirection;
 
-                foreach (var counter in CounterFlow.Children)
+                foreach (var counter in CounterFlow)
                     counter.Direction.Value = convertedDirection;
             }, true);
 
@@ -88,7 +89,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
                 if (index == 0 && !ShowMaxJudgement.Value)
                     return false;
 
-                if (counter.Result.Type.IsBasic())
+                var hitResult = counter.Result.Types.First();
+
+                if (hitResult.IsBasic())
                     return true;
 
                 switch (Mode.Value)
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD.JudgementCounter
                         return false;
 
                     case DisplayMode.Normal:
-                        return !counter.Result.Type.IsBonus();
+                        return !hitResult.IsBonus();
 
                     case DisplayMode.All:
                         return true;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PerformancePointsCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PerformancePointsCounter.cs
index 82f116b4ae..f041e120f6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PerformancePointsCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PerformancePointsCounter.cs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override bool IsRollingProportional => true;
 
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 1000;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 500;
 
         private const float alpha_when_invalid = 0.3f;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PlayerSettingsOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PlayerSettingsOverlay.cs
index dbb0456cd0..a2b49f6302 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PlayerSettingsOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/PlayerSettingsOverlay.cs
@@ -12,17 +12,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
     {
         private const int fade_duration = 200;
 
-        public readonly PlaybackSettings PlaybackSettings;
-
         public readonly VisualSettings VisualSettings;
 
+        protected override Container<Drawable> Content => content;
+
+        private readonly FillFlowContainer content;
+
         public PlayerSettingsOverlay()
         {
             Anchor = Anchor.TopRight;
             Origin = Anchor.TopRight;
             AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
-            Child = new FillFlowContainer<PlayerSettingsGroup>
+            InternalChild = content = new FillFlowContainer
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.TopRight,
                 Origin = Anchor.TopRight,
@@ -31,7 +33,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
                 Spacing = new Vector2(0, 20),
                 Children = new PlayerSettingsGroup[]
                 {
-                    PlaybackSettings = new PlaybackSettings { Expanded = { Value = false } },
                     VisualSettings = new VisualSettings { Expanded = { Value = false } },
                     new AudioSettings { Expanded = { Value = false } }
                 }
@@ -40,5 +41,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected override void PopIn() => this.FadeIn(fade_duration);
         protected override void PopOut() => this.FadeOut(fade_duration);
+
+        public void AddAtStart(PlayerSettingsGroup drawable) => content.Insert(-1, drawable);
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgress.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgress.cs
index 4391193df8..296306ec89 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgress.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgress.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -70,7 +71,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
 
         protected double LastHitTime { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called every update frame with current progress information.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="progress">Current (visual) progress through the beatmap (0..1).</param>
+        /// <param name="isIntro">If <c>true</c>, progress is (0..1) through the intro.</param>
         protected abstract void UpdateProgress(double progress, bool isIntro);
+
         protected virtual void UpdateObjects(IEnumerable<HitObject> objects) { }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -96,7 +103,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
             if (objects == null)
                 return;
 
-            double currentTime = FrameStableClock.CurrentTime;
+            double currentTime = Math.Min(FrameStableClock.CurrentTime, LastHitTime);
 
             bool isInIntro = currentTime < FirstHitTime;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgressBar.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgressBar.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40c4e587b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SongProgressBar.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Framework.Threading;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
+{
+    public abstract partial class SongProgressBar : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The current seek position of the audio, on a (0..1) range.
+        /// This is generally the seek target, which will eventually match the gameplay clock when it catches up.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected double AudioProgress => length == 0 ? 1 : AudioTime / length;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The current (non-frame-stable) audio time.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected double AudioTime => Math.Clamp(GameplayClock.CurrentTime - StartTime, 0.0, length);
+
+        [Resolved]
+        protected IGameplayClock GameplayClock { get; private set; } = null!;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Action which is invoked when a seek is requested, with the proposed millisecond value for the seek operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Action<double>? OnSeek { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether the progress bar should allow interaction, ie. to perform seek operations.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual bool Interactive { get; set; }
+
+        public double StartTime { get; set; }
+
+        public double EndTime { get; set; } = 1.0;
+
+        private double length => EndTime - StartTime;
+
+        private bool handleClick;
+
+        protected override bool OnMouseDown(MouseDownEvent e)
+        {
+            handleClick = true;
+            return base.OnMouseDown(e);
+        }
+
+        protected override bool OnClick(ClickEvent e)
+        {
+            if (handleClick)
+                handleMouseInput(e);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnDrag(DragEvent e)
+        {
+            handleMouseInput(e);
+        }
+
+        protected override bool OnDragStart(DragStartEvent e)
+        {
+            Vector2 posDiff = e.MouseDownPosition - e.MousePosition;
+
+            if (Math.Abs(posDiff.X) < Math.Abs(posDiff.Y))
+            {
+                handleClick = false;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            handleMouseInput(e);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private void handleMouseInput(UIEvent e)
+        {
+            if (!Interactive)
+                return;
+
+            double relativeX = Math.Clamp(ToLocalSpace(e.ScreenSpaceMousePosition).X / DrawWidth, 0, 1);
+            onUserChange(StartTime + (EndTime - StartTime) * relativeX);
+        }
+
+        private ScheduledDelegate? scheduledSeek;
+
+        private void onUserChange(double value)
+        {
+            scheduledSeek?.Cancel();
+            scheduledSeek = Schedule(() => OnSeek?.Invoke(value));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/UnstableRateCounter.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/UnstableRateCounter.cs
index 701b8a8732..ab7ab6b3a0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/UnstableRateCounter.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/UnstableRateCounter.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD
     {
         public bool UsesFixedAnchor { get; set; }
 
-        protected override double RollingDuration => 750;
+        protected override double RollingDuration => 375;
 
         private const float alpha_when_invalid = 0.3f;
         private readonly Bindable<bool> valid = new Bindable<bool>();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUDOverlay.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUDOverlay.cs
index 128f8d5ffd..32ebb82f15 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUDOverlay.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUDOverlay.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -99,6 +98,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         private readonly SkinComponentsContainer mainComponents;
 
+        [CanBeNull]
+        private readonly SkinComponentsContainer rulesetComponents;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// A flow which sits at the left side of the screen to house leaderboard (and related) components.
         /// Will automatically be positioned to avoid colliding with top scoring elements.
@@ -111,7 +113,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         public HUDOverlay([CanBeNull] DrawableRuleset drawableRuleset, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods, bool alwaysShowLeaderboard = true)
         {
-            Drawable rulesetComponents;
             this.drawableRuleset = drawableRuleset;
             this.mods = mods;
 
@@ -125,8 +126,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 clicksPerSecondController = new ClicksPerSecondController(),
                 InputCountController = new InputCountController(),
                 mainComponents = new HUDComponentsContainer { AlwaysPresent = true, },
-                rulesetComponents = drawableRuleset != null
-                    ? new HUDComponentsContainer(drawableRuleset.Ruleset.RulesetInfo) { AlwaysPresent = true, }
+                drawableRuleset != null
+                    ? (rulesetComponents = new HUDComponentsContainer(drawableRuleset.Ruleset.RulesetInfo) { AlwaysPresent = true, })
                     : Empty(),
                 playfieldComponents = drawableRuleset != null
                     ? new SkinComponentsContainer(new SkinComponentsContainerLookup(SkinComponentsContainerLookup.TargetArea.Playfield, drawableRuleset.Ruleset.RulesetInfo)) { AlwaysPresent = true, }
@@ -170,7 +171,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 },
             };
 
-            hideTargets = new List<Drawable> { mainComponents, rulesetComponents, playfieldComponents, topRightElements };
+            hideTargets = new List<Drawable> { mainComponents, playfieldComponents, topRightElements };
+
+            if (rulesetComponents != null)
+                hideTargets.Add(rulesetComponents);
 
             if (!alwaysShowLeaderboard)
                 hideTargets.Add(LeaderboardFlow);
@@ -254,39 +258,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
             Vector2? highestBottomScreenSpace = null;
 
-            // LINQ cast can be removed when IDrawable interface includes Anchor / RelativeSizeAxes.
-            foreach (var element in mainComponents.Components.Cast<Drawable>())
+            foreach (var element in mainComponents.Components)
+                processDrawable(element);
+
+            if (rulesetComponents != null)
             {
-                // for now align some top components with the bottom-edge of the lowest top-anchored hud element.
-                if (element.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.y0))
-                {
-                    // health bars are excluded for the sake of hacky legacy skins which extend the health bar to take up the full screen area.
-                    if (element is LegacyHealthDisplay)
-                        continue;
-
-                    float bottom = element.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.BottomRight.Y;
-
-                    bool isRelativeX = element.RelativeSizeAxes == Axes.X;
-
-                    if (element.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.TopRight) || isRelativeX)
-                    {
-                        if (lowestTopScreenSpaceRight == null || bottom > lowestTopScreenSpaceRight.Value)
-                            lowestTopScreenSpaceRight = bottom;
-                    }
-
-                    if (element.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.TopLeft) || isRelativeX)
-                    {
-                        if (lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft == null || bottom > lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft.Value)
-                            lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft = bottom;
-                    }
-                }
-                // and align bottom-right components with the top-edge of the highest bottom-anchored hud element.
-                else if (element.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.BottomRight) || (element.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.y2) && element.RelativeSizeAxes == Axes.X))
-                {
-                    var topLeft = element.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.TopLeft;
-                    if (highestBottomScreenSpace == null || topLeft.Y < highestBottomScreenSpace.Value.Y)
-                        highestBottomScreenSpace = topLeft;
-                }
+                foreach (var element in rulesetComponents.Components)
+                    processDrawable(element);
             }
 
             if (lowestTopScreenSpaceRight.HasValue)
@@ -303,6 +281,43 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 bottomRightElements.Y = BottomScoringElementsHeight = -MathHelper.Clamp(DrawHeight - ToLocalSpace(highestBottomScreenSpace.Value).Y, 0, DrawHeight - bottomRightElements.DrawHeight);
             else
                 bottomRightElements.Y = 0;
+
+            void processDrawable(ISerialisableDrawable element)
+            {
+                // Cast can be removed when IDrawable interface includes Anchor / RelativeSizeAxes.
+                Drawable drawable = (Drawable)element;
+
+                // for now align some top components with the bottom-edge of the lowest top-anchored hud element.
+                if (drawable.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.y0))
+                {
+                    // health bars are excluded for the sake of hacky legacy skins which extend the health bar to take up the full screen area.
+                    if (element is LegacyHealthDisplay)
+                        return;
+
+                    float bottom = drawable.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.BottomRight.Y;
+
+                    bool isRelativeX = drawable.RelativeSizeAxes == Axes.X;
+
+                    if (drawable.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.TopRight) || isRelativeX)
+                    {
+                        if (lowestTopScreenSpaceRight == null || bottom > lowestTopScreenSpaceRight.Value)
+                            lowestTopScreenSpaceRight = bottom;
+                    }
+
+                    if (drawable.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.TopLeft) || isRelativeX)
+                    {
+                        if (lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft == null || bottom > lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft.Value)
+                            lowestTopScreenSpaceLeft = bottom;
+                    }
+                }
+                // and align bottom-right components with the top-edge of the highest bottom-anchored hud element.
+                else if (drawable.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.BottomRight) || (drawable.Anchor.HasFlagFast(Anchor.y2) && drawable.RelativeSizeAxes == Axes.X))
+                {
+                    var topLeft = element.ScreenSpaceDrawQuad.TopLeft;
+                    if (highestBottomScreenSpace == null || topLeft.Y < highestBottomScreenSpace.Value.Y)
+                        highestBottomScreenSpace = topLeft;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         private void updateVisibility()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
index 0d60ec4713..93bdcb1cab 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/MasterGameplayClockContainer.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Track;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Timing;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -35,9 +34,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         public readonly BindableNumber<double> UserPlaybackRate = new BindableDouble(1)
         {
-            MinValue = 0.5,
+            MinValue = 0.05,
             MaxValue = 2,
-            Precision = 0.1,
+            Precision = 0.01,
         };
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -60,17 +59,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         private readonly double skipTargetTime;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Stores the time at which the last <see cref="StopGameplayClock"/> call was triggered.
-        /// This is used to ensure we resume from that precise point in time, ignoring the proceeding frequency ramp.
-        ///
-        /// Optimally, we'd have gameplay ramp down with the frequency, but I believe this was intentionally disabled
-        /// to avoid fails occurring after the pause screen has been shown.
-        ///
-        /// In the future I want to change this.
-        /// </summary>
-        internal double? LastStopTime;
-
         [Resolved]
         private MusicController musicController { get; set; } = null!;
 
@@ -113,71 +101,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             return time;
         }
 
-        protected override void StopGameplayClock()
-        {
-            LastStopTime = GameplayClock.CurrentTime;
-
-            if (IsLoaded)
-            {
-                // During normal operation, the source is stopped after performing a frequency ramp.
-                this.TransformBindableTo(GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust, 0, 200, Easing.Out).OnComplete(_ =>
-                {
-                    if (IsPaused.Value)
-                        base.StopGameplayClock();
-                });
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                base.StopGameplayClock();
-
-                // If not yet loaded, we still want to ensure relevant state is correct, as it is used for offset calculations.
-                GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust.Value = 0;
-
-                // We must also process underlying gameplay clocks to update rate-adjusted offsets with the new frequency adjustment.
-                // Without doing this, an initial seek may be performed with the wrong offset.
-                GameplayClock.ProcessFrame();
-            }
-        }
-
         public override void Seek(double time)
         {
-            // Safety in case the clock is seeked while stopped.
-            LastStopTime = null;
             elapsedValidationTime = null;
 
             base.Seek(time);
         }
 
-        protected override void PrepareStart()
-        {
-            if (LastStopTime != null)
-            {
-                Seek(LastStopTime.Value);
-                LastStopTime = null;
-            }
-            else
-                base.PrepareStart();
-        }
-
         protected override void StartGameplayClock()
         {
             addAdjustmentsToTrack();
-
             base.StartGameplayClock();
-
-            if (IsLoaded)
-            {
-                this.TransformBindableTo(GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust, 1, 200, Easing.In);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // If not yet loaded, we still want to ensure relevant state is correct, as it is used for offset calculations.
-                GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust.Value = 1;
-
-                // We must also process underlying gameplay clocks to update rate-adjusted offsets with the new frequency adjustment.
-                // Without doing this, an initial seek may be performed with the wrong offset.
-                GameplayClock.ProcessFrame();
-            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -273,8 +207,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             musicController.ResetTrackAdjustments();
 
             track.BindAdjustments(AdjustmentsFromMods);
-            track.AddAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Frequency, GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust);
-            track.AddAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Tempo, UserPlaybackRate);
+            track.AddAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Frequency, UserPlaybackRate);
 
             speedAdjustmentsApplied = true;
         }
@@ -285,8 +218,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 return;
 
             track.UnbindAdjustments(AdjustmentsFromMods);
-            track.RemoveAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Frequency, GameplayClock.ExternalPauseFrequencyAdjust);
-            track.RemoveAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Tempo, UserPlaybackRate);
+            track.RemoveAdjustment(AdjustableProperty.Frequency, UserPlaybackRate);
 
             speedAdjustmentsApplied = false;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/OffsetCorrectionClock.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/OffsetCorrectionClock.cs
index 207980f45c..e83ed7e464 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/OffsetCorrectionClock.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/OffsetCorrectionClock.cs
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Timing;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 {
     public class OffsetCorrectionClock : FramedOffsetClock
     {
-        private readonly BindableDouble pauseRateAdjust;
-
         private double offset;
 
         public new double Offset
@@ -28,10 +25,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         public double RateAdjustedOffset => base.Offset;
 
-        public OffsetCorrectionClock(IClock source, BindableDouble pauseRateAdjust)
+        public OffsetCorrectionClock(IClock source)
             : base(source)
         {
-            this.pauseRateAdjust = pauseRateAdjust;
         }
 
         public override void ProcessFrame()
@@ -42,12 +38,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         private void updateOffset()
         {
-            // changing this during the pause transform effect will cause a potentially large offset to be suddenly applied as we approach zero rate.
-            if (pauseRateAdjust.Value == 1)
-            {
-                // we always want to apply the same real-time offset, so it should be adjusted by the difference in playback rate (from realtime) to achieve this.
-                base.Offset = Offset * Rate;
-            }
+            // we always want to apply the same real-time offset, so it should be adjusted by the difference in playback rate (from realtime) to achieve this.
+            base.Offset = Offset * Rate;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
index b87306b9a2..ad1f9ec897 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/Player.cs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ using osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osu.Game.Users;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
@@ -213,6 +214,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             if (playableBeatmap == null)
                 return;
 
+            if (!ModUtils.CheckModsBelongToRuleset(ruleset, gameplayMods))
+            {
+                Logger.Log($@"Gameplay was started with a mod belonging to a ruleset different than '{ruleset.Description}'.", level: LogLevel.Important);
+                return;
+            }
+
             mouseWheelDisabled = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.MouseDisableWheel);
 
             if (game != null)
@@ -461,12 +468,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                         OnRetry = () => Restart(),
                         OnQuit = () => PerformExit(true),
                     },
-                    new GameplayOffsetControl
-                    {
-                        Margin = new MarginPadding(20),
-                        Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
-                        Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
-                    }
                 },
             };
 
@@ -476,9 +477,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 skipOutroOverlay.Expire();
             }
 
-            if (GameplayClockContainer is MasterGameplayClockContainer master)
-                HUDOverlay.PlayerSettingsOverlay.PlaybackSettings.UserPlaybackRate.BindTarget = master.UserPlaybackRate;
-
             return container;
         }
 
@@ -1078,7 +1076,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 b.FadeColour(Color4.White, 250);
 
                 // bind component bindables.
-                b.IsBreakTime.BindTo(breakTracker.IsBreakTime);
+                ((IBindable<bool>)b.IsBreakTime).BindTo(breakTracker.IsBreakTime);
 
                 b.StoryboardReplacesBackground.BindTo(storyboardReplacesBackground);
 
@@ -1238,7 +1236,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
             if (this.IsCurrentScreen())
             {
-                ApplyToBackground(b => b.IgnoreUserSettings.Value = true);
+                ApplyToBackground(b =>
+                {
+                    b.IgnoreUserSettings.Value = true;
+
+                    // May be null if the load never completed.
+                    if (breakTracker != null)
+                    {
+                        b.IsBreakTime.UnbindFrom(breakTracker.IsBreakTime);
+                        b.IsBreakTime.Value = false;
+                    }
+                });
+
                 storyboardReplacesBackground.Value = false;
             }
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerLoader.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerLoader.cs
index 232de53ac3..aa62256348 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerLoader.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerLoader.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Transforms;
 using osu.Framework.Input;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
 using osu.Game.Audio.Effects;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
@@ -550,8 +551,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         {
             if (!muteWarningShownOnce.Value)
             {
+                double aggregateVolumeTrack = audioManager.Volume.Value * audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value;
+
                 // Checks if the notification has not been shown yet and also if master volume is muted, track/music volume is muted or if the whole game is muted.
-                if (volumeOverlay?.IsMuted.Value == true || audioManager.Volume.Value <= volume_requirement || audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value <= volume_requirement)
+                if (volumeOverlay?.IsMuted.Value == true || Precision.AlmostBigger(volume_requirement, aggregateVolumeTrack))
                 {
                     notificationOverlay?.Post(new MutedNotification());
                     muteWarningShownOnce.Value = true;
@@ -582,10 +585,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
                     // Check values before resetting, as the user may have only had mute enabled, in which case we might not need to adjust volumes.
                     // Note that we only restore halfway to ensure the user isn't suddenly overloaded by unexpectedly high volume.
-                    if (audioManager.Volume.Value <= volume_requirement)
-                        audioManager.Volume.Value = 0.5f;
-                    if (audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value <= volume_requirement)
-                        audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = 0.5f;
+                    audioManager.Volume.Value = Math.Max(audioManager.Volume.Value, 0.5);
+                    audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value = Math.Max(audioManager.VolumeTrack.Value, 0.5);
 
                     return true;
                 };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/BeatmapOffsetControl.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/BeatmapOffsetControl.cs
index 8efb80e771..9039604471 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/BeatmapOffsetControl.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/BeatmapOffsetControl.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings
                     new OffsetSliderBar
                     {
                         KeyboardStep = 5,
-                        LabelText = BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.BeatmapOffset,
+                        LabelText = BeatmapOffsetControlStrings.AudioOffsetThisBeatmap,
                         Current = Current,
                     },
                     referenceScoreContainer = new FillFlowContainer
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings
             }
         }
 
-        public partial class OffsetSliderBar : PlayerSliderBar<double>
+        private partial class OffsetSliderBar : PlayerSliderBar<double>
         {
             protected override Drawable CreateControl() => new CustomSliderBar();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/PlaybackSettings.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/PlaybackSettings.cs
index 4753effdb0..b3d07421ed 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/PlaybackSettings.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerSettings/PlaybackSettings.cs
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Edit.Timing;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings
 {
@@ -15,49 +21,167 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings
 
         public readonly Bindable<double> UserPlaybackRate = new BindableDouble(1)
         {
-            MinValue = 0.5,
+            MinValue = 0.05,
             MaxValue = 2,
-            Precision = 0.1,
+            Precision = 0.01,
         };
 
-        private readonly PlayerSliderBar<double> rateSlider;
+        private PlayerSliderBar<double> rateSlider = null!;
 
-        private readonly OsuSpriteText multiplierText;
+        private OsuSpriteText multiplierText = null!;
+
+        private readonly IBindable<bool> isPaused = new BindableBool();
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private ReplayPlayer replayPlayer { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private GameplayClockContainer gameplayClock { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        private IconButton pausePlay = null!;
 
         public PlaybackSettings()
             : base("playback")
+        {
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
         {
             Children = new Drawable[]
             {
-                new Container
+                new FillFlowContainer
                 {
                     RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
                     AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
-                    Padding = new MarginPadding { Horizontal = padding },
+                    Direction = FillDirection.Vertical,
+                    Spacing = new Vector2(0, padding),
                     Children = new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        new OsuSpriteText
+                        new FillFlowContainer
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft,
-                            Text = "Playback speed",
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                            Spacing = new Vector2(5, 0),
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.FastBackward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.SeekInDirection(-10),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.SeekBackwardSeconds(10 * ReplayPlayer.BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT / 1000),
+                                },
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Backward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.SeekInDirection(-1),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.SeekBackwardSeconds(ReplayPlayer.BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT / 1000),
+                                },
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.StepBackward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.StepFrame(-1),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.StepBackward,
+                                },
+                                pausePlay = new IconButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Scale = new Vector2(1.4f),
+                                    IconScale = new Vector2(1.4f),
+                                    Action = () =>
+                                    {
+                                        if (gameplayClock.IsRunning)
+                                            gameplayClock.Stop();
+                                        else
+                                            gameplayClock.Start();
+                                    },
+                                },
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.StepForward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.StepFrame(1),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.StepForward,
+                                },
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Forward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.SeekInDirection(1),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.SeekForwardSeconds(ReplayPlayer.BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT / 1000),
+                                },
+                                new SeekButton
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                    Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.FastForward,
+                                    Action = () => replayPlayer.SeekInDirection(10),
+                                    TooltipText = PlayerSettingsOverlayStrings.SeekForwardSeconds(10 * ReplayPlayer.BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT / 1000),
+                                },
+                            },
                         },
-                        multiplierText = new OsuSpriteText
+                        new Container
                         {
-                            Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
-                            Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
-                            Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-                        }
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                            Children = new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                rateSlider = new PlayerSliderBar<double>
+                                {
+                                    LabelText = "Playback speed",
+                                    Current = UserPlaybackRate,
+                                },
+                                multiplierText = new OsuSpriteText
+                                {
+                                    Anchor = Anchor.TopRight,
+                                    Origin = Anchor.TopRight,
+                                    Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                                    Margin = new MarginPadding { Right = 20 },
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
                     },
                 },
-                rateSlider = new PlayerSliderBar<double> { Current = UserPlaybackRate }
             };
         }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
-            rateSlider.Current.BindValueChanged(multiplier => multiplierText.Text = $"{multiplier.NewValue:0.0}x", true);
+            rateSlider.Current.BindValueChanged(multiplier => multiplierText.Text = $"{multiplier.NewValue:0.00}x", true);
+
+            isPaused.BindTo(gameplayClock.IsPaused);
+            isPaused.BindValueChanged(paused =>
+            {
+                if (!paused.NewValue)
+                {
+                    pausePlay.TooltipText = ToastStrings.PauseTrack;
+                    pausePlay.Icon = FontAwesome.Regular.PauseCircle;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    pausePlay.TooltipText = ToastStrings.PlayTrack;
+                    pausePlay.Icon = FontAwesome.Regular.PlayCircle;
+                }
+            }, true);
+        }
+
+        private partial class SeekButton : IconButton
+        {
+            public SeekButton()
+            {
+                AddInternal(new RepeatingButtonBehaviour(this));
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerTouchInputDetector.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerTouchInputDetector.cs
index 69c3cd0ded..12fb748e7d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerTouchInputDetector.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/PlayerTouchInputDetector.cs
@@ -20,12 +20,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         private GameplayState gameplayState { get; set; } = null!;
 
         private IBindable<bool> touchActive = new BindableBool();
+        private IBindable<bool> isBreakTime = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(SessionStatics statics)
         {
             touchActive = statics.GetBindable<bool>(Static.TouchInputActive);
             touchActive.BindValueChanged(_ => updateState());
+
+            isBreakTime = player.IsBreakTime.GetBoundCopy();
+            isBreakTime.BindValueChanged(_ => updateState(), true);
         }
 
         private void updateState()
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             if (gameplayState.Score.ScoreInfo.Mods.OfType<ModTouchDevice>().Any())
                 return;
 
-            if (player.IsBreakTime.Value)
+            if (isBreakTime.Value)
                 return;
 
             var touchDeviceMod = gameplayState.Ruleset.GetTouchDeviceMod();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/ReplayPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/ReplayPlayer.cs
index ca71a89b48..3c5b85662a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/ReplayPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/ReplayPlayer.cs
@@ -7,21 +7,27 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play.PlayerSettings;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking;
 using osu.Game.Users;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 {
+    [Cached]
     public partial class ReplayPlayer : Player, IKeyBindingHandler<GlobalAction>
     {
+        public const double BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT = 1000;
+
         private readonly Func<IBeatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod>, Score> createScore;
 
         private readonly bool replayIsFailedScore;
@@ -49,6 +55,24 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             this.createScore = createScore;
         }
 
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(OsuConfigManager config)
+        {
+            if (!LoadedBeatmapSuccessfully)
+                return;
+
+            var playbackSettings = new PlaybackSettings
+            {
+                Depth = float.MaxValue,
+                Expanded = { BindTarget = config.GetBindable<bool>(OsuSetting.ReplayPlaybackControlsExpanded) }
+            };
+
+            if (GameplayClockContainer is MasterGameplayClockContainer master)
+                playbackSettings.UserPlaybackRate.BindTo(master.UserPlaybackRate);
+
+            HUDOverlay.PlayerSettingsOverlay.AddAtStart(playbackSettings);
+        }
+
         protected override void PrepareReplay()
         {
             DrawableRuleset?.SetReplayScore(Score);
@@ -72,16 +96,22 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<GlobalAction> e)
         {
-            const double keyboard_seek_amount = 5000;
-
             switch (e.Action)
             {
+                case GlobalAction.StepReplayBackward:
+                    StepFrame(-1);
+                    return true;
+
+                case GlobalAction.StepReplayForward:
+                    StepFrame(1);
+                    return true;
+
                 case GlobalAction.SeekReplayBackward:
-                    keyboardSeek(-1);
+                    SeekInDirection(-5);
                     return true;
 
                 case GlobalAction.SeekReplayForward:
-                    keyboardSeek(1);
+                    SeekInDirection(5);
                     return true;
 
                 case GlobalAction.TogglePauseReplay:
@@ -93,13 +123,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             }
 
             return false;
+        }
 
-            void keyboardSeek(int direction)
-            {
-                double target = Math.Clamp(GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime + direction * keyboard_seek_amount, 0, GameplayState.Beatmap.GetLastObjectTime());
+        public void StepFrame(int direction)
+        {
+            GameplayClockContainer.Stop();
 
-                Seek(target);
-            }
+            var frames = GameplayState.Score.Replay.Frames;
+
+            if (frames.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            GameplayClockContainer.Seek(direction < 0
+                ? (frames.LastOrDefault(f => f.Time < GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime) ?? frames.First()).Time
+                : (frames.FirstOrDefault(f => f.Time > GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime) ?? frames.Last()).Time
+            );
+        }
+
+        public void SeekInDirection(float amount)
+        {
+            double target = Math.Clamp(GameplayClockContainer.CurrentTime + amount * BASE_SEEK_AMOUNT, 0, GameplayState.Beatmap.GetLastObjectTime());
+
+            Seek(target);
         }
 
         public void OnReleased(KeyBindingReleaseEvent<GlobalAction> e)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/RoomSubmittingPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/RoomSubmittingPlayer.cs
index e21daa737e..3f74f49384 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/RoomSubmittingPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/RoomSubmittingPlayer.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using osu.Game.Extensions;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -30,7 +31,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             if (!(Room.RoomID.Value is long roomId))
                 return null;
 
-            return new CreateRoomScoreRequest(roomId, PlaylistItem.ID, Game.VersionHash);
+            int beatmapId = Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.OnlineID;
+            int rulesetId = Ruleset.Value.OnlineID;
+
+            if (beatmapId <= 0)
+                return null;
+
+            if (!Ruleset.Value.IsLegacyRuleset())
+                return null;
+
+            return new CreateRoomScoreRequest(roomId, PlaylistItem.ID, Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo, rulesetId, Game.VersionHash);
         }
 
         protected override APIRequest<MultiplayerScore> CreateSubmissionRequest(Score score, long token)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SoloPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SoloPlayer.cs
index f7ae3eb62b..f4cf2da364 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SoloPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SoloPlayer.cs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 Scores = { BindTarget = LeaderboardScores }
             };
 
-        protected override bool HandleTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => false;
+        protected override bool ShouldExitOnTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => false;
 
         protected override Task ImportScore(Score score)
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SpectatorResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SpectatorResultsScreen.cs
index 001d3b4bbc..393cbddb34 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SpectatorResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SpectatorResultsScreen.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         private void userBeganPlaying(int userId, SpectatorState state)
         {
-            if (userId == Score.UserID)
+            if (userId == Score?.UserID)
             {
                 Schedule(() =>
                 {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
index 04abb6162f..ecb507f382 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Play/SubmittingPlayer.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Logging;
 using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ using osu.Game.Database;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
 using osu.Game.Online.Rooms;
+using osu.Game.Online.Solo;
 using osu.Game.Online.Spectator;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -41,6 +43,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         [Resolved]
         private SessionStatics statics { get; set; }
 
+        [Resolved(canBeNull: true)]
+        [CanBeNull]
+        private SoloStatisticsWatcher soloStatisticsWatcher { get; set; }
+
         private readonly object scoreSubmissionLock = new object();
         private TaskCompletionSource<bool> scoreSubmissionSource;
 
@@ -59,6 +65,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
             }
 
             AddInternal(new PlayerTouchInputDetector());
+
+            // We probably want to move this display to something more global.
+            // Probably using the OSD somehow.
+            AddInternal(new GameplayOffsetControl
+            {
+                Margin = new MarginPadding(20),
+                Anchor = Anchor.CentreRight,
+                Origin = Anchor.CentreRight,
+            });
         }
 
         protected override GameplayClockContainer CreateGameplayClockContainer(WorkingBeatmap beatmap, double gameplayStart) => new MasterGameplayClockContainer(beatmap, gameplayStart)
@@ -103,7 +118,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
                 token = r.ID;
                 tcs.SetResult(true);
             };
-            req.Failure += handleTokenFailure;
+            req.Failure += ex => handleTokenFailure(ex, displayNotification: true);
 
             api.Queue(req);
 
@@ -113,29 +128,49 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
             return true;
 
-            void handleTokenFailure(Exception exception)
+            void handleTokenFailure(Exception exception, bool displayNotification = false)
             {
                 tcs.SetResult(false);
 
-                if (HandleTokenRetrievalFailure(exception))
-                {
-                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(exception.Message))
-                        Logger.Error(exception, "Failed to retrieve a score submission token.");
-                    else
-                        Logger.Log($"You are not able to submit a score: {exception.Message}", level: LogLevel.Important);
+                bool shouldExit = ShouldExitOnTokenRetrievalFailure(exception);
 
+                if (displayNotification || shouldExit)
+                {
+                    string whatWillHappen = shouldExit
+                        ? "Play in this state is not permitted."
+                        : "Your score will not be submitted.";
+
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(exception.Message))
+                        Logger.Error(exception, $"Failed to retrieve a score submission token.\n\n{whatWillHappen}");
+                    else
+                    {
+                        switch (exception.Message)
+                        {
+                            case @"missing token header":
+                            case @"invalid client hash":
+                            case @"invalid verification hash":
+                                Logger.Log($"Please ensure that you are using the latest version of the official game releases.\n\n{whatWillHappen}", level: LogLevel.Important);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"expired token":
+                                Logger.Log($"Your system clock is set incorrectly. Please check your system time, date and timezone.\n\n{whatWillHappen}", level: LogLevel.Important);
+                                break;
+
+                            default:
+                                Logger.Log($"{whatWillHappen} {exception.Message}", level: LogLevel.Important);
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (shouldExit)
+                {
                     Schedule(() =>
                     {
                         ValidForResume = false;
                         this.Exit();
                     });
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    // Gameplay is allowed to continue, but we still should keep track of the error.
-                    // In the future, this should be visible to the user in some way.
-                    Logger.Log($"Score submission token retrieval failed ({exception.Message})");
-                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -144,7 +179,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="exception">The error causing the failure.</param>
         /// <returns>Whether gameplay should be immediately exited as a result. Returning false allows the gameplay session to continue. Defaults to true.</returns>
-        protected virtual bool HandleTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => true;
+        protected virtual bool ShouldExitOnTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => true;
 
         protected override async Task PrepareScoreForResultsAsync(Score score)
         {
@@ -154,6 +189,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
             await submitScore(score).ConfigureAwait(false);
             spectatorClient.EndPlaying(GameplayState);
+            soloStatisticsWatcher?.RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(score.ScoreInfo);
         }
 
         [Resolved]
@@ -204,7 +240,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Play
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Construct a request to be used for retrieval of the score token.
-        /// Can return null, at which point <see cref="HandleTokenRetrievalFailure"/> will be fired.
+        /// Can return null, at which point <see cref="ShouldExitOnTokenRetrievalFailure"/> will be fired.
         /// </summary>
         [CanBeNull]
         protected abstract APIRequest<APIScoreToken> CreateTokenRequest();
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/AccuracyCircle.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/AccuracyCircle.cs
index 8cbca74466..d209c305fa 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/AccuracyCircle.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/AccuracyCircle.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #nullable disable
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Skinning;
 using osuTK;
+using osuTK.Graphics;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
 {
@@ -111,6 +113,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
         private readonly double accuracyD;
         private readonly bool withFlair;
 
+        private readonly bool isFailedSDueToMisses;
+        private RankText failedSRankText;
+
         public AccuracyCircle(ScoreInfo score, bool withFlair = false)
         {
             this.score = score;
@@ -119,10 +124,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
             ScoreProcessor scoreProcessor = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance().CreateScoreProcessor();
             accuracyX = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.X);
             accuracyS = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.S);
+
             accuracyA = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.A);
             accuracyB = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.B);
             accuracyC = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.C);
             accuracyD = scoreProcessor.AccuracyCutoffFromRank(ScoreRank.D);
+
+            isFailedSDueToMisses = score.Accuracy >= accuracyS && score.Rank == ScoreRank.A;
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -249,10 +257,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
 
             if (withFlair)
             {
+                if (isFailedSDueToMisses)
+                    AddInternal(failedSRankText = new RankText(ScoreRank.S));
+
+                var applauseSamples = new List<string> { applauseSampleName };
+                if (score.Rank >= ScoreRank.B)
+                    // when rank is B or higher, play legacy applause sample on legacy skins.
+                    applauseSamples.Insert(0, @"applause");
+
                 AddRangeInternal(new Drawable[]
                 {
                     rankImpactSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(impactSampleName)),
-                    rankApplauseSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(@"applause", applauseSampleName)),
+                    rankApplauseSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(applauseSamples.ToArray())),
                     scoreTickSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(@"Results/score-tick")),
                     badgeTickSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(@"Results/badge-dink")),
                     badgeMaxSound = new PoolableSkinnableSample(new SampleInfo(@"Results/badge-dink-max")),
@@ -341,24 +357,28 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
 
                 int badgeNum = 0;
 
-                foreach (var badge in badges)
+                if (score.Rank != ScoreRank.F)
                 {
-                    if (badge.Accuracy > score.Accuracy)
-                        continue;
-
-                    using (BeginDelayedSequence(inverseEasing(ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_EASING, Math.Min(accuracyX - virtual_ss_percentage, badge.Accuracy) / targetAccuracy) * ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_DURATION))
+                    foreach (var badge in badges)
                     {
-                        badge.Appear();
+                        if (badge.Accuracy > score.Accuracy)
+                            continue;
 
-                        if (withFlair)
+                        using (BeginDelayedSequence(
+                                   inverseEasing(ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_EASING, Math.Min(accuracyX - virtual_ss_percentage, badge.Accuracy) / targetAccuracy) * ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_DURATION))
                         {
-                            Schedule(() =>
-                            {
-                                var dink = badgeNum < badges.Count - 1 ? badgeTickSound : badgeMaxSound;
+                            badge.Appear();
 
-                                dink.FrequencyTo(1 + badgeNum++ * 0.05);
-                                dink.Play();
-                            });
+                            if (withFlair)
+                            {
+                                Schedule(() =>
+                                {
+                                    var dink = badgeNum < badges.Count - 1 ? badgeTickSound : badgeMaxSound;
+
+                                    dink.FrequencyTo(1 + badgeNum++ * 0.05);
+                                    dink.Play();
+                                });
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -387,6 +407,31 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
                         });
                     }
                 }
+
+                if (isFailedSDueToMisses)
+                {
+                    const double adjust_duration = 200;
+
+                    using (BeginDelayedSequence(TEXT_APPEAR_DELAY - adjust_duration))
+                    {
+                        failedSRankText.FadeIn(adjust_duration);
+
+                        using (BeginDelayedSequence(adjust_duration))
+                        {
+                            failedSRankText
+                                .FadeColour(Color4.Red, 800, Easing.Out)
+                                .RotateTo(10, 1000, Easing.Out)
+                                .MoveToY(100, 1000, Easing.In)
+                                .FadeOut(800, Easing.Out);
+
+                            accuracyCircle
+                                .FillTo(accuracyS - NOTCH_WIDTH_PERCENTAGE / 2 - visual_alignment_offset, 70, Easing.OutQuint);
+
+                            badges.Single(b => b.Rank == getRank(ScoreRank.S))
+                                  .FadeOut(70, Easing.OutQuint);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/RankBadge.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/RankBadge.cs
index 7af327828e..8aea6045eb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/RankBadge.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Accuracy/RankBadge.cs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
         /// </summary>
         private readonly double displayPosition;
 
-        private readonly ScoreRank rank;
+        public readonly ScoreRank Rank;
 
         private Drawable rankContainer;
         private Drawable overlay;
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
         {
             Accuracy = accuracy;
             displayPosition = position;
-            this.rank = rank;
+            Rank = rank;
 
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
             Alpha = 0;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
                 Size = new Vector2(28, 14),
                 Children = new[]
                 {
-                    new DrawableRank(rank),
+                    new DrawableRank(Rank),
                     overlay = new CircularContainer
                     {
                         RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Accuracy
                         EdgeEffect = new EdgeEffectParameters
                         {
                             Type = EdgeEffectType.Glow,
-                            Colour = OsuColour.ForRank(rank).Opacity(0.2f),
+                            Colour = OsuColour.ForRank(Rank).Opacity(0.2f),
                             Radius = 10,
                         },
                         Child = new Box
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/AccuracyStatistic.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/AccuracyStatistic.cs
index 4b8c057235..f1f2c47e20 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/AccuracyStatistic.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/AccuracyStatistic.cs
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Statistics
 
         private partial class Counter : RollingCounter<double>
         {
-            protected override double RollingDuration => AccuracyCircle.ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_DURATION;
-
-            protected override Easing RollingEasing => AccuracyCircle.ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_EASING;
+            // FormatAccuracy doesn't round, which means if we use the OutPow10 easing the number will stick 0.01% short for some time.
+            // To avoid that let's use a shorter easing which looks roughly the same.
+            protected override double RollingDuration => AccuracyCircle.ACCURACY_TRANSFORM_DURATION / 2;
+            protected override Easing RollingEasing => Easing.OutQuad;
 
             protected override LocalisableString FormatCount(double count) => count.FormatAccuracy();
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/PerformanceStatistic.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/PerformanceStatistic.cs
index 22509b2cea..22c1e26d43 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/PerformanceStatistic.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Expanded/Statistics/PerformanceStatistic.cs
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
-using osu.Framework.Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Statistics
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
-        private void load(ScorePerformanceCache performanceCache)
+        private void load(BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache, CancellationToken? cancellationToken)
         {
             if (score.PP.HasValue)
             {
@@ -40,8 +41,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Expanded.Statistics
             }
             else
             {
-                performanceCache.CalculatePerformanceAsync(score, cancellationTokenSource.Token)
-                                .ContinueWith(t => Schedule(() => setPerformanceValue(t.GetResultSafely()?.Total)), cancellationTokenSource.Token);
+                Task.Run(async () =>
+                {
+                    var attributes = await difficultyCache.GetDifficultyAsync(score.BeatmapInfo!, score.Ruleset, score.Mods, cancellationToken ?? default).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    var performanceCalculator = score.Ruleset.CreateInstance().CreatePerformanceCalculator();
+
+                    // Performance calculation requires the beatmap and ruleset to be locally available. If not, return a default value.
+                    if (attributes?.Attributes == null || performanceCalculator == null)
+                        return;
+
+                    var result = await performanceCalculator.CalculateAsync(score, attributes.Value.Attributes, cancellationToken ?? default).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                    Schedule(() => setPerformanceValue(result.Total));
+                }, cancellationToken ?? default);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ResultsScreen.cs
index e3d19725da..69cfbed8f2 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ResultsScreen.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
@@ -21,7 +22,9 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Game.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.Placeholders;
 using osu.Game.Scoring;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics;
@@ -38,11 +41,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
 
         public override bool? AllowGlobalTrackControl => true;
 
-        // Temporary for now to stop dual transitions. Should respect the current toolbar mode, but there's no way to do so currently.
-        public override bool HideOverlaysOnEnter => true;
-
         public readonly Bindable<ScoreInfo> SelectedScore = new Bindable<ScoreInfo>();
 
+        [CanBeNull]
         public readonly ScoreInfo Score;
 
         protected ScorePanelList ScorePanelList { get; private set; }
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
 
         private Sample popInSample;
 
-        protected ResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score, bool allowRetry, bool allowWatchingReplay = true)
+        protected ResultsScreen([CanBeNull] ScoreInfo score, bool allowRetry, bool allowWatchingReplay = true)
         {
             Score = score;
             this.allowRetry = allowRetry;
@@ -245,6 +246,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
                 addScore(s);
 
             lastFetchCompleted = true;
+
+            if (ScorePanelList.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                // This can happen if for example a beatmap that is part of a playlist hasn't been played yet.
+                VerticalScrollContent.Add(new MessagePlaceholder(LeaderboardStrings.NoRecordsYet));
+            }
         });
 
         public override void OnEntering(ScreenTransitionEvent e)
@@ -267,6 +274,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
             if (base.OnExiting(e))
                 return true;
 
+            // This is a stop-gap safety against components holding references to gameplay after exiting the gameplay flow.
+            // Right now, HitEvents are only used up to the results screen. If this changes in the future we need to remove
+            // HitObject references from HitEvent.
+            Score?.HitEvents.Clear();
+
             this.FadeOut(100);
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ScorePanelList.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ScorePanelList.cs
index b75f3d86ff..95c90e35a0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ScorePanelList.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/ScorePanelList.cs
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
 
         public bool AllPanelsVisible => flow.All(p => p.IsPresent);
 
+        public bool IsEmpty => flow.Count == 0;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The current scroll position.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/SoloResultsScreen.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/SoloResultsScreen.cs
index da08a26a58..866440bbd6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/SoloResultsScreen.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/SoloResultsScreen.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -30,10 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
         [Resolved]
         private RulesetStore rulesets { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        [Resolved]
-        private SoloStatisticsWatcher soloStatisticsWatcher { get; set; } = null!;
-
-        private IDisposable? statisticsSubscription;
+        private IBindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?> latestUpdate = null!;
         private readonly Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?> statisticsUpdate = new Bindable<SoloStatisticsUpdate?>();
 
         public SoloResultsScreen(ScoreInfo score, bool allowRetry)
@@ -41,16 +39,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
         {
         }
 
-        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(SoloStatisticsWatcher? soloStatisticsWatcher)
         {
-            base.LoadComplete();
+            if (ShowUserStatistics && soloStatisticsWatcher != null)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(Score != null);
 
-            if (ShowUserStatistics)
-                statisticsSubscription = soloStatisticsWatcher.RegisterForStatisticsUpdateAfter(Score, update => statisticsUpdate.Value = update);
+                latestUpdate = soloStatisticsWatcher.LatestUpdate.GetBoundCopy();
+                latestUpdate.BindValueChanged(update =>
+                {
+                    if (update.NewValue?.Score.MatchesOnlineID(Score) == true)
+                        statisticsUpdate.Value = update.NewValue;
+                });
+            }
         }
 
         protected override StatisticsPanel CreateStatisticsPanel()
         {
+            Debug.Assert(Score != null);
+
             if (ShowUserStatistics)
             {
                 return new SoloStatisticsPanel(Score)
@@ -64,6 +72,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
 
         protected override APIRequest? FetchScores(Action<IEnumerable<ScoreInfo>>? scoresCallback)
         {
+            Debug.Assert(Score != null);
+
             if (Score.BeatmapInfo!.OnlineID <= 0 || Score.BeatmapInfo.Status <= BeatmapOnlineStatus.Pending)
                 return null;
 
@@ -77,7 +87,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
 
             getScoreRequest?.Cancel();
-            statisticsSubscription?.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/PerformanceBreakdownChart.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/PerformanceBreakdownChart.cs
index ee0ce6183d..8b13f0951c 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/PerformanceBreakdownChart.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Ranking/Statistics/PerformanceBreakdownChart.cs
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics
 
         private readonly CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
-        [Resolved]
-        private ScorePerformanceCache performanceCache { get; set; }
-
         [Resolved]
         private BeatmapDifficultyCache difficultyCache { get; set; }
 
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Ranking.Statistics
 
             spinner.Show();
 
-            new PerformanceBreakdownCalculator(playableBeatmap, difficultyCache, performanceCache)
+            new PerformanceBreakdownCalculator(playableBeatmap, difficultyCache)
                 .CalculateAsync(score, cancellationTokenSource.Token)
                 .ContinueWith(t => Schedule(() => setPerformanceValue(t.GetResultSafely())));
         }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
index 4408634787..70ecde3858 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/BeatmapCarousel.cs
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
                 {
                     var toDisplay = visibleItems.GetRange(displayedRange.first, displayedRange.last - displayedRange.first + 1);
 
-                    foreach (var panel in Scroll.Children)
+                    foreach (var panel in Scroll)
                     {
                         Debug.Assert(panel.Item != null);
 
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
 
             // Update externally controlled state of currently visible items (e.g. x-offset and opacity).
             // This is a per-frame update on all drawable panels.
-            foreach (DrawableCarouselItem item in Scroll.Children)
+            foreach (DrawableCarouselItem item in Scroll)
             {
                 updateItem(item);
 
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
                         // to enter clamp-special-case mode where it animates completely differently to normal.
                         float scrollChange = scrollTarget.Value - Scroll.Current;
                         Scroll.ScrollTo(scrollTarget.Value, false);
-                        foreach (var i in Scroll.Children)
+                        foreach (var i in Scroll)
                             i.Y += scrollChange;
                         break;
                 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmap.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmap.cs
index 1ca4b371c3..43461a48bb 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmap.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmap.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Select.Filter;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
             match &= !criteria.CircleSize.HasFilter || criteria.CircleSize.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.Difficulty.CircleSize);
             match &= !criteria.OverallDifficulty.HasFilter || criteria.OverallDifficulty.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.Difficulty.OverallDifficulty);
             match &= !criteria.Length.HasFilter || criteria.Length.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.Length);
+            match &= !criteria.LastPlayed.HasFilter || criteria.LastPlayed.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.LastPlayed ?? DateTimeOffset.MinValue);
             match &= !criteria.BPM.HasFilter || criteria.BPM.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.BPM);
 
             match &= !criteria.BeatDivisor.HasFilter || criteria.BeatDivisor.IsInRange(BeatmapInfo.BeatDivisor);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmapSet.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmapSet.cs
index 6d2e938fb7..6c41bc3805 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmapSet.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselBeatmapSet.cs
@@ -67,19 +67,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
             {
                 default:
                 case SortMode.Artist:
-                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Artist, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Artist, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Artist, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Artist, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.Title:
-                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Title, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Title, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Title, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Title, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.Author:
-                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Author.Username, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Author.Username, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Author.Username, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Author.Username, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.Source:
-                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Source, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Source, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    comparison = string.Compare(BeatmapSet.Metadata.Source, otherSet.BeatmapSet.Metadata.Source, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.DateAdded:
@@ -91,19 +91,19 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.LastPlayed:
-                    comparison = -compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, b => (b.LastPlayed ?? DateTimeOffset.MinValue).ToUnixTimeSeconds());
+                    comparison = -compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, static b => (b.LastPlayed ?? DateTimeOffset.MinValue).ToUnixTimeSeconds());
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.BPM:
-                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, b => b.BPM);
+                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, static b => b.BPM);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.Length:
-                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, b => b.Length);
+                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, static b => b.Length);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.Difficulty:
-                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, b => b.StarRating);
+                    comparison = compareUsingAggregateMax(otherSet, static b => b.StarRating);
                     break;
 
                 case SortMode.DateSubmitted:
@@ -127,12 +127,40 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
         /// <summary>
         /// All beatmaps which are not filtered and valid for display.
         /// </summary>
-        protected IEnumerable<BeatmapInfo> ValidBeatmaps => Beatmaps.Where(b => !b.Filtered.Value || b.State.Value == CarouselItemState.Selected).Select(b => b.BeatmapInfo);
+        protected IEnumerable<BeatmapInfo> ValidBeatmaps
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (var item in Items) // iterating over Items directly to not allocate 2 enumerators
+                {
+                    if (item is CarouselBeatmap b && (!b.Filtered.Value || b.State.Value == CarouselItemState.Selected))
+                        yield return b.BeatmapInfo;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether there are available beatmaps which are not filtered and valid for display.
+        /// Cheaper alternative to <see cref="ValidBeatmaps"/>.Any()
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool HasValidBeatmaps
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (var item in Items) // iterating over Items directly to not allocate 2 enumerators
+                {
+                    if (item is CarouselBeatmap b && (!b.Filtered.Value || b.State.Value == CarouselItemState.Selected))
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
 
         private int compareUsingAggregateMax(CarouselBeatmapSet other, Func<BeatmapInfo, double> func)
         {
-            bool ourBeatmaps = ValidBeatmaps.Any();
-            bool otherBeatmaps = other.ValidBeatmaps.Any();
+            bool ourBeatmaps = HasValidBeatmaps;
+            bool otherBeatmaps = other.HasValidBeatmaps;
 
             if (!ourBeatmaps && !otherBeatmaps) return 0;
             if (!ourBeatmaps) return -1;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselGroup.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselGroup.cs
index b2ca117cec..62d694976f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselGroup.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/CarouselGroup.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ListExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Lists;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
 {
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
     {
         public override DrawableCarouselItem? CreateDrawableRepresentation() => null;
 
-        public IReadOnlyList<CarouselItem> Items => items;
+        public SlimReadOnlyListWrapper<CarouselItem> Items => items.AsSlimReadOnly();
 
         public int TotalItemsNotFiltered { get; private set; }
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
index 369db37e63..bd659d7423 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/Carousel/DrawableCarouselBeatmapSet.cs
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select.Carousel
 
             bool isSelected = Item?.State.Value == CarouselItemState.Selected;
 
-            foreach (var panel in beatmapContainer.Children)
+            foreach (var panel in beatmapContainer)
             {
                 Debug.Assert(panel.Item != null);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterCriteria.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterCriteria.cs
index a7c8e7d093..46083f7c88 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterCriteria.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterCriteria.cs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
         public OptionalRange<double> BPM;
         public OptionalRange<int> BeatDivisor;
         public OptionalRange<BeatmapOnlineStatus> OnlineStatus;
+        public OptionalRange<DateTimeOffset> LastPlayed;
         public OptionalTextFilter Creator;
         public OptionalTextFilter Artist;
         public OptionalTextFilter Title;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterQueryParser.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterQueryParser.cs
index 0d8905347b..2c4077dacf 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterQueryParser.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FilterQueryParser.cs
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
                 case "length":
                     return tryUpdateLengthRange(criteria, op, value);
 
+                case "played":
+                case "lastplayed":
+                    return tryUpdateDateAgoRange(ref criteria.LastPlayed, op, value);
+
                 case "divisor":
                     return TryUpdateCriteriaRange(ref criteria.BeatDivisor, op, value, tryParseInt);
 
@@ -68,6 +72,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
                     return TryUpdateCriteriaRange(ref criteria.OnlineStatus, op, value, tryParseEnum);
 
                 case "creator":
+                case "author":
+                case "mapper":
                     return TryUpdateCriteriaText(ref criteria.Creator, op, value);
 
                 case "artist":
@@ -374,5 +380,107 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
 
             return tryUpdateCriteriaRange(ref criteria.Length, op, totalLength, minScale / 2.0);
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This function is intended for parsing "days / months / years ago" type filters.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static bool tryUpdateDateAgoRange(ref FilterCriteria.OptionalRange<DateTimeOffset> dateRange, Operator op, string val)
+        {
+            switch (op)
+            {
+                case Operator.Equal:
+                    // an equality filter is difficult to define for support here.
+                    // if "3 months 2 days ago" means a single concrete time instant, such a filter is basically useless.
+                    // if it means a range of 24 hours, then that is annoying to write and also comes with its own implications
+                    // (does it mean "time instant 3 months 2 days ago, within 12 hours of tolerance either direction"?
+                    // does it mean "the full calendar day, from midnight to midnight, 3 months 2 days ago"?)
+                    // as such, for simplicity, just refuse to support this.
+                    return false;
+
+                // for the remaining operators, since the value provided to this function is an "ago" type value
+                // (as in, referring to some amount of time back),
+                // we'll want to flip the operator, such that `>5d` means "more than five days ago", as in "*before* five days ago",
+                // as intended by the user.
+                case Operator.Less:
+                    op = Operator.Greater;
+                    break;
+
+                case Operator.LessOrEqual:
+                    op = Operator.GreaterOrEqual;
+                    break;
+
+                case Operator.Greater:
+                    op = Operator.Less;
+                    break;
+
+                case Operator.GreaterOrEqual:
+                    op = Operator.LessOrEqual;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            GroupCollection? match = null;
+
+            match ??= tryMatchRegex(val, @"^((?<years>\d+)y)?((?<months>\d+)M)?((?<days>\d+(\.\d+)?)d)?((?<hours>\d+(\.\d+)?)h)?((?<minutes>\d+(\.\d+)?)m)?((?<seconds>\d+(\.\d+)?)s)?$");
+            match ??= tryMatchRegex(val, @"^(?<days>\d+(\.\d+)?)$");
+
+            if (match == null)
+                return false;
+
+            DateTimeOffset? dateTimeOffset = null;
+            DateTimeOffset now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+
+            try
+            {
+                List<string> keys = new List<string> { @"seconds", @"minutes", @"hours", @"days", @"months", @"years" };
+
+                foreach (string key in keys)
+                {
+                    if (!match.TryGetValue(key, out var group) || !group.Success)
+                        continue;
+
+                    if (group.Success)
+                    {
+                        if (!tryParseDoubleWithPoint(group.Value, out double length))
+                            return false;
+
+                        switch (key)
+                        {
+                            case @"seconds":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddSeconds(-length);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"minutes":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddMinutes(-length);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"hours":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddHours(-length);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"days":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddDays(-length);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"months":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddMonths(-(int)length);
+                                break;
+
+                            case @"years":
+                                dateTimeOffset = (dateTimeOffset ?? now).AddYears(-(int)length);
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
+            {
+                dateTimeOffset = DateTimeOffset.MinValue.AddMilliseconds(1);
+            }
+
+            if (!dateTimeOffset.HasValue)
+                return false;
+
+            return tryUpdateCriteriaRange(ref dateRange, op, dateTimeOffset.Value);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
index 69782c25bb..5685910c0a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/FooterButtonMods.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play.HUD;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
-using JetBrains.Annotations;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.UserInterface;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ using osu.Game.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
@@ -31,26 +32,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
             set => modDisplay.Current = value;
         }
 
-        protected readonly OsuSpriteText MultiplierText;
+        protected OsuSpriteText MultiplierText { get; private set; } = null!;
+        protected Container UnrankedBadge { get; private set; } = null!;
+
         private readonly ModDisplay modDisplay;
+
+        private ModSettingChangeTracker? modSettingChangeTracker;
+
         private Color4 lowMultiplierColour;
         private Color4 highMultiplierColour;
 
         public FooterButtonMods()
         {
-            ButtonContentContainer.Add(modDisplay = new ModDisplay
+            // must be created in ctor for correct operation of `Current`.
+            modDisplay = new ModDisplay
             {
                 Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                 Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                 Scale = new Vector2(0.8f),
                 ExpansionMode = ExpansionMode.AlwaysContracted,
-            });
-            ButtonContentContainer.Add(MultiplierText = new OsuSpriteText
-            {
-                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
-            });
+            };
         }
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -62,10 +63,43 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
             highMultiplierColour = colours.Green;
             Text = @"mods";
             Hotkey = GlobalAction.ToggleModSelection;
-        }
 
-        [CanBeNull]
-        private ModSettingChangeTracker modSettingChangeTracker;
+            ButtonContentContainer.AddRange(new Drawable[]
+            {
+                modDisplay,
+                MultiplierText = new OsuSpriteText
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Font = OsuFont.GetFont(weight: FontWeight.Bold),
+                },
+                UnrankedBadge = new Container
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                    Children = new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        new Circle
+                        {
+                            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                            Colour = colours.Yellow,
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                        },
+                        new OsuSpriteText
+                        {
+                            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                            Colour = colours.Gray2,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding(5),
+                            UseFullGlyphHeight = false,
+                            Text = ModSelectOverlayStrings.Unranked.ToLower()
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+            });
+        }
 
         protected override void LoadComplete()
         {
@@ -101,6 +135,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
                 modDisplay.FadeIn();
             else
                 modDisplay.FadeOut();
+
+            bool anyUnrankedMods = Current.Value?.Any(m => !m.Ranked) == true;
+            UnrankedBadge.FadeTo(anyUnrankedMods ? 1 : 0);
         });
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/PlaySongSelect.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/PlaySongSelect.cs
index 4951504ff5..7b7b8857f3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/PlaySongSelect.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/PlaySongSelect.cs
@@ -146,14 +146,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
             }
         }
 
-        public override void OnSuspending(ScreenTransitionEvent e)
-        {
-            // Scores will be refreshed on arriving at this screen.
-            // Clear them to avoid animation overload on returning to song select.
-            playBeatmapDetailArea.Leaderboard.ClearScores();
-            base.OnSuspending(e);
-        }
-
         public override void OnResuming(ScreenTransitionEvent e)
         {
             base.OnResuming(e);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
index bf1724995a..a603934a9d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Screens/Select/SongSelect.cs
@@ -642,7 +642,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Screens.Select
         {
             base.LogoArriving(logo, resuming);
 
-            Vector2 position = new Vector2(0.95f, 0.96f);
+            logo.RelativePositionAxes = Axes.None;
+            logo.ChangeAnchor(Anchor.BottomRight);
+
+            Vector2 position = new Vector2(-76, -36);
 
             if (logo.Alpha > 0.8f)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/GameplaySkinComponentLookup.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/GameplaySkinComponentLookup.cs
index a44bf3a43d..ec159873f8 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/GameplaySkinComponentLookup.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/GameplaySkinComponentLookup.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
 using System;
-using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Judgements;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
 
@@ -28,8 +27,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
 
         protected virtual string RulesetPrefix => string.Empty;
         protected virtual string ComponentName => Component.ToString();
-
-        public string LookupName =>
-            string.Join('/', new[] { "Gameplay", RulesetPrefix, ComponentName }.Where(s => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(s)));
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyBeatmapSkin.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyBeatmapSkin.cs
index d6ba6ea332..9cd072b607 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyBeatmapSkin.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyBeatmapSkin.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
         protected override bool AllowManiaConfigLookups => false;
         protected override bool UseCustomSampleBanks => true;
 
+        // matches stable. references:
+        //  1. https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/dc0994645801010d4b628fff5ff79cd3c286ca83/osu!/Graphics/Textures/TextureManager.cs#L115-L137 (beatmap skin textures lookup)
+        //  2. https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/dc0994645801010d4b628fff5ff79cd3c286ca83/osu!/Graphics/Textures/TextureManager.cs#L158-L196 (user skin textures lookup)
+        protected override bool AllowHighResolutionSprites => false;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Construct a new legacy beatmap skin instance.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyJudgementPieceOld.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyJudgementPieceOld.cs
index 1834a17279..c8630b54a6 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyJudgementPieceOld.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyJudgementPieceOld.cs
@@ -50,11 +50,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
 
             // legacy judgements don't play any transforms if they are an animation.... UNLESS they are the temporary displayed judgement from new piece.
             if (animation?.FrameCount > 1 && !forceTransforms)
-            {
-                if (isMissedTick())
-                    applyMissedTickScaling();
                 return;
-            }
 
             if (result.IsMiss())
             {
@@ -63,14 +59,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
                 // missed ticks / slider end don't get the normal animation.
                 if (isMissedTick())
                 {
-                    this.ScaleTo(1.6f);
-                    this.ScaleTo(1, 100, Easing.In);
+                    this.ScaleTo(1.2f);
+                    this.ScaleTo(1f, 100, Easing.In);
 
-                    if (legacyVersion > 1.0m)
-                    {
-                        this.MoveTo(new Vector2(0, -2f));
-                        this.MoveToOffset(new Vector2(0, 10), fade_out_delay + fade_out_length, Easing.In);
-                    }
+                    this.Delay(fade_out_delay / 2).FadeOut(fade_out_length);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -106,12 +98,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
 
         private bool isMissedTick() => result.IsMiss() && result != HitResult.Miss;
 
-        private void applyMissedTickScaling()
-        {
-            this.ScaleTo(0.6f);
-            this.ScaleTo(0.3f, 100, Easing.In);
-        }
-
         public Drawable GetAboveHitObjectsProxiedContent() => CreateProxy();
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySkin.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySkin.cs
index 8f0cd59b68..816cfc0a2d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySkin.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySkin.cs
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
         {
         }
 
+        protected override IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IStorageResourceProvider resources, IResourceStore<byte[]> storage)
+            => new LegacyTextureLoaderStore(base.CreateTextureLoaderStore(resources, storage));
+
         protected override void ParseConfigurationStream(Stream stream)
         {
             base.ParseConfigurationStream(stream);
@@ -477,6 +480,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
             return null;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether high-resolution textures ("@2x"-suffixed) are allowed to be used by <see cref="GetTexture"/> when available.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected virtual bool AllowHighResolutionSprites => true;
+
         public override Texture? GetTexture(string componentName, WrapMode wrapModeS, WrapMode wrapModeT)
         {
             switch (componentName)
@@ -486,32 +494,30 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
                     break;
             }
 
-            foreach (string name in getFallbackNames(componentName))
+            Texture? texture = null;
+            float ratio = 1;
+
+            if (AllowHighResolutionSprites)
             {
                 // some component names (especially user-controlled ones, like `HitX` in mania)
                 // may contain `@2x` scale specifications.
                 // stable happens to check for that and strip them, so do the same to match stable behaviour.
-                string lookupName = name.Replace(@"@2x", string.Empty);
+                componentName = componentName.Replace(@"@2x", string.Empty);
 
-                float ratio = 2;
-                string twoTimesFilename = $"{Path.ChangeExtension(lookupName, null)}@2x{Path.GetExtension(lookupName)}";
+                string twoTimesFilename = $"{Path.ChangeExtension(componentName, null)}@2x{Path.GetExtension(componentName)}";
 
-                var texture = Textures?.Get(twoTimesFilename, wrapModeS, wrapModeT);
+                texture = Textures?.Get(twoTimesFilename, wrapModeS, wrapModeT);
 
-                if (texture == null)
-                {
-                    ratio = 1;
-                    texture = Textures?.Get(lookupName, wrapModeS, wrapModeT);
-                }
-
-                if (texture == null)
-                    continue;
-
-                texture.ScaleAdjust = ratio;
-                return texture;
+                if (texture != null)
+                    ratio = 2;
             }
 
-            return null;
+            texture ??= Textures?.Get(componentName, wrapModeS, wrapModeT);
+
+            if (texture != null)
+                texture.ScaleAdjust = ratio;
+
+            return texture;
         }
 
         public override ISample? GetSample(ISampleInfo sampleInfo)
@@ -522,7 +528,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
                 lookupNames = getLegacyLookupNames(hitSample);
             else
             {
-                lookupNames = sampleInfo.LookupNames.SelectMany(getFallbackNames);
+                lookupNames = sampleInfo.LookupNames.SelectMany(getFallbackSampleNames);
             }
 
             foreach (string lookup in lookupNames)
@@ -540,7 +546,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
 
         private IEnumerable<string> getLegacyLookupNames(HitSampleInfo hitSample)
         {
-            var lookupNames = hitSample.LookupNames.SelectMany(getFallbackNames);
+            var lookupNames = hitSample.LookupNames.SelectMany(getFallbackSampleNames);
 
             if (!UseCustomSampleBanks && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(hitSample.Suffix))
             {
@@ -559,13 +565,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
             yield return hitSample.Name;
         }
 
-        private IEnumerable<string> getFallbackNames(string componentName)
+        private IEnumerable<string> getFallbackSampleNames(string name)
         {
-            // May be something like "Gameplay/osu/approachcircle" from lazer, or "Arrows/note1" from a user skin.
-            yield return componentName;
+            // May be something like "Gameplay/normal-hitnormal" from lazer.
+            yield return name;
 
-            // Fall back to using the last piece for components coming from lazer (e.g. "Gameplay/osu/approachcircle" -> "approachcircle").
-            yield return componentName.Split('/').Last();
+            // Fall back to using the last piece for components coming from lazer (e.g. "Gameplay/normal-hitnormal" -> "normal-hitnormal").
+            yield return name.Split('/').Last();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
index 581e7534e4..fdd8716d5a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacySpriteText.cs
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Skinning
             Spacing = new Vector2(-skin.GetFontOverlap(font), 0);
 
             glyphStore = new LegacyGlyphStore(fontPrefix, skin, MaxSizePerGlyph);
+
+            // cache common lookups ahead of time.
+            foreach (char c in FixedWidthExcludeCharacters)
+                glyphStore.Get(fontPrefix, c);
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                glyphStore.Get(fontPrefix, (char)('0' + i));
         }
 
         protected override TextBuilder CreateTextBuilder(ITexturedGlyphLookupStore store) => base.CreateTextBuilder(glyphStore);
diff --git a/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyTextureLoaderStore.cs b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyTextureLoaderStore.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29206bbb85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Skinning/LegacyTextureLoaderStore.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Skinning
+{
+    public class LegacyTextureLoaderStore : IResourceStore<TextureUpload>
+    {
+        private readonly IResourceStore<TextureUpload>? wrappedStore;
+
+        public LegacyTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<TextureUpload>? wrappedStore)
+        {
+            this.wrappedStore = wrappedStore;
+        }
+
+        public TextureUpload Get(string name)
+        {
+            var textureUpload = wrappedStore?.Get(name);
+
+            if (textureUpload == null)
+                return null!;
+
+            return shouldConvertToGrayscale(name)
+                ? convertToGrayscale(textureUpload)
+                : textureUpload;
+        }
+
+        public Task<TextureUpload> GetAsync(string name, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken())
+        {
+            var textureUpload = wrappedStore?.Get(name);
+
+            if (textureUpload == null)
+                return null!;
+
+            return shouldConvertToGrayscale(name)
+                ? Task.Run(() => convertToGrayscale(textureUpload), cancellationToken)
+                : Task.FromResult(textureUpload);
+        }
+
+        // https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/Graphics/Textures/TextureManager.cs#L91-L96
+        private static readonly string[] grayscale_sprites =
+        {
+            @"taiko-bar-right",
+            @"taikobigcircle",
+            @"taikohitcircle",
+            @"taikohitcircleoverlay"
+        };
+
+        private bool shouldConvertToGrayscale(string name)
+        {
+            foreach (string grayscaleSprite in grayscale_sprites)
+            {
+                // unfortunately at this level of lookup we can encounter `@2x` scale suffixes in the name,
+                // so straight equality cannot be used.
+                if (name.Equals(grayscaleSprite, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                    || name.Equals($@"{grayscaleSprite}@2x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private TextureUpload convertToGrayscale(TextureUpload textureUpload)
+        {
+            var image = Image.LoadPixelData(textureUpload.Data.ToArray(), textureUpload.Width, textureUpload.Height);
+
+            // stable uses `0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b`
+            // (https://github.com/peppy/osu-stable-reference/blob/013c3010a9d495e3471a9c59518de17006f9ad89/osu!/Graphics/Textures/pTexture.cs#L138-L153)
+            // which matches mode BT.601 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayscale#Luma_coding_in_video_systems)
+            image.Mutate(i => i.Grayscale(GrayscaleMode.Bt601));
+
+            return new TextureUpload(image);
+        }
+
+        public Stream? GetStream(string name) => wrappedStore?.GetStream(name);
+
+        public IEnumerable<string> GetAvailableResources() => wrappedStore?.GetAvailableResources() ?? Array.Empty<string>();
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            wrappedStore?.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Storyboards/Drawables/DrawableStoryboardAnimation.cs b/osu.Game/Storyboards/Drawables/DrawableStoryboardAnimation.cs
index cefd51b2aa..fae9ec7f2e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Storyboards/Drawables/DrawableStoryboardAnimation.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Storyboards/Drawables/DrawableStoryboardAnimation.cs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Storyboards.Drawables
 
             // When reading from a skin, we match stables weird behaviour where `FrameCount` is ignored
             // and resources are retrieved until the end of the animation.
-            var skinTextures = skin.GetTextures(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(Animation.Path)!, default, default, true, string.Empty, null, out _);
+            var skinTextures = skin.GetTextures(Path.ChangeExtension(Animation.Path, null), default, default, true, string.Empty, null, out _);
 
             if (skinTextures.Length > 0)
             {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/CleanRunHeadlessGameHost.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/CleanRunHeadlessGameHost.cs
index f3c69201e2..00e5b38b1a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/CleanRunHeadlessGameHost.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/CleanRunHeadlessGameHost.cs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests
                                         [CallerMemberName] string callingMethodName = @"")
             : base($"{callingMethodName}-{Guid.NewGuid()}", new HostOptions
             {
-                BindIPC = bindIPC,
+                IPCPort = bindIPC ? OsuGame.IPC_PORT : null,
             }, bypassCleanup: bypassCleanupOnDispose, realtime: realtime)
         {
             this.bypassCleanupOnSetup = bypassCleanupOnSetup;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClient.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/PollingChatClient.cs
similarity index 59%
rename from osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClient.cs
rename to osu.Game/Tests/PollingChatClient.cs
index 5762e0e588..eb29b35c1d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Online/Notifications/NotificationsClient.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/PollingChatClient.cs
@@ -6,34 +6,39 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Game.Online;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
 using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests;
 using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
 
-namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications
+namespace osu.Game.Tests
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    /// An abstract client which receives notification-related events (chat/notifications).
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class NotificationsClient : PersistentEndpointClient
+    public class PollingChatClient : PersistentEndpointClient
     {
-        public Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
-        public Action<Channel>? ChannelParted;
-        public Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
-        public Action? PresenceReceived;
+        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
+        public event Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
+        public event Action? PresenceReceived;
 
-        protected readonly IAPIProvider API;
+        private readonly IAPIProvider api;
 
         private long lastMessageId;
 
-        protected NotificationsClient(IAPIProvider api)
+        public PollingChatClient(IAPIProvider api)
         {
-            API = api;
+            this.api = api;
         }
 
         public override Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            API.Queue(CreateInitialFetchRequest(0));
+            Task.Run(async () =>
+            {
+                while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    await api.PerformAsync(CreateInitialFetchRequest()).ConfigureAwait(true);
+                    await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(true);
+                }
+            }, cancellationToken);
+
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
 
@@ -46,11 +51,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications
                 if (updates?.Presence != null)
                 {
                     foreach (var channel in updates.Presence)
-                        HandleChannelJoined(channel);
+                        handleChannelJoined(channel);
 
                     //todo: handle left channels
 
-                    HandleMessages(updates.Messages);
+                    handleMessages(updates.Messages);
                 }
 
                 PresenceReceived?.Invoke();
@@ -59,15 +64,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Online.Notifications
             return fetchReq;
         }
 
-        protected void HandleChannelJoined(Channel channel)
+        private void handleChannelJoined(Channel channel)
         {
             channel.Joined.Value = true;
             ChannelJoined?.Invoke(channel);
         }
 
-        protected void HandleChannelParted(Channel channel) => ChannelParted?.Invoke(channel);
-
-        protected void HandleMessages(List<Message>? messages)
+        private void handleMessages(List<Message>? messages)
         {
             if (messages == null)
                 return;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClient.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClient.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 450c763170..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClient.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using osu.Game.Online.API;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Tests
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A notifications client which polls for new messages every second.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class PollingNotificationsClient : NotificationsClient
-    {
-        public PollingNotificationsClient(IAPIProvider api)
-            : base(api)
-        {
-        }
-
-        public override Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-        {
-            Task.Run(async () =>
-            {
-                while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
-                {
-                    await API.PerformAsync(CreateInitialFetchRequest()).ConfigureAwait(true);
-                    await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(true);
-                }
-            }, cancellationToken);
-
-            return Task.CompletedTask;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClientConnector.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClientConnector.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 823fc9d157..0000000000
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/PollingNotificationsClientConnector.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
-// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
-
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using osu.Game.Online.API;
-using osu.Game.Online.Notifications;
-
-namespace osu.Game.Tests
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A connector for <see cref="PollingNotificationsClient"/>s that poll for new messages.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class PollingNotificationsClientConnector : NotificationsClientConnector
-    {
-        public PollingNotificationsClientConnector(IAPIProvider api)
-            : base(api)
-        {
-        }
-
-        protected override Task<NotificationsClient> BuildNotificationClientAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => Task.FromResult((NotificationsClient)new PollingNotificationsClient(API));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/TestChatClientConnector.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/TestChatClientConnector.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40e15b5ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/TestChatClientConnector.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using osu.Game.Online;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.Chat;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Tests
+{
+    public class TestChatClientConnector : PersistentEndpointClientConnector, IChatClient
+    {
+        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelJoined;
+
+        public event Action<Channel>? ChannelParted
+        {
+            add { }
+            remove { }
+        }
+
+        public event Action<List<Message>>? NewMessages;
+        public event Action? PresenceReceived;
+
+        public void RequestPresence()
+        {
+            // don't really need to do anything special if we poll every second anyway.
+        }
+
+        public TestChatClientConnector(IAPIProvider api)
+            : base(api)
+        {
+            Start();
+        }
+
+        protected sealed override Task<PersistentEndpointClient> BuildConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            var client = new PollingChatClient(API);
+
+            client.ChannelJoined += c => ChannelJoined?.Invoke(c);
+            client.NewMessages += m => NewMessages?.Invoke(m);
+            client.PresenceReceived += () => PresenceReceived?.Invoke();
+
+            return Task.FromResult<PersistentEndpointClient>(client);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/MultiplayerTestScene.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/MultiplayerTestScene.cs
index 93c6e72aa2..80c69db8b1 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/MultiplayerTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/MultiplayerTestScene.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.Multiplayer
 
         public TestMultiplayerClient MultiplayerClient => OnlinePlayDependencies.MultiplayerClient;
         public new TestMultiplayerRoomManager RoomManager => OnlinePlayDependencies.RoomManager;
-        public TestSpectatorClient SpectatorClient => OnlinePlayDependencies?.SpectatorClient;
+        public TestSpectatorClient SpectatorClient => OnlinePlayDependencies.SpectatorClient;
 
         protected new MultiplayerTestSceneDependencies OnlinePlayDependencies => (MultiplayerTestSceneDependencies)base.OnlinePlayDependencies;
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestScene.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestScene.cs
index 87488710a7..eebc3503bc 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestScene.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -22,23 +20,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.OnlinePlay
     /// </summary>
     public abstract partial class OnlinePlayTestScene : ScreenTestScene, IOnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies
     {
-        public Bindable<Room> SelectedRoom => OnlinePlayDependencies?.SelectedRoom;
-        public IRoomManager RoomManager => OnlinePlayDependencies?.RoomManager;
-        public OngoingOperationTracker OngoingOperationTracker => OnlinePlayDependencies?.OngoingOperationTracker;
-        public OnlinePlayBeatmapAvailabilityTracker AvailabilityTracker => OnlinePlayDependencies?.AvailabilityTracker;
-        public TestUserLookupCache UserLookupCache => OnlinePlayDependencies?.UserLookupCache;
-        public BeatmapLookupCache BeatmapLookupCache => OnlinePlayDependencies?.BeatmapLookupCache;
+        public Bindable<Room> SelectedRoom => OnlinePlayDependencies.SelectedRoom;
+        public IRoomManager RoomManager => OnlinePlayDependencies.RoomManager;
+        public OngoingOperationTracker OngoingOperationTracker => OnlinePlayDependencies.OngoingOperationTracker;
+        public OnlinePlayBeatmapAvailabilityTracker AvailabilityTracker => OnlinePlayDependencies.AvailabilityTracker;
+        public TestUserLookupCache UserLookupCache => OnlinePlayDependencies.UserLookupCache;
+        public BeatmapLookupCache BeatmapLookupCache => OnlinePlayDependencies.BeatmapLookupCache;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// All dependencies required for online play components and screens.
         /// </summary>
-        protected OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies OnlinePlayDependencies => dependencies?.OnlinePlayDependencies;
+        protected OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies OnlinePlayDependencies => dependencies.OnlinePlayDependencies!;
 
         protected override Container<Drawable> Content => content;
 
         private readonly Container content;
         private readonly Container drawableDependenciesContainer;
-        private DelegatedDependencyContainer dependencies;
+        private DelegatedDependencyContainer dependencies = null!;
 
         protected OnlinePlayTestScene()
         {
@@ -50,10 +48,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.OnlinePlay
         }
 
         protected sealed override IReadOnlyDependencyContainer CreateChildDependencies(IReadOnlyDependencyContainer parent)
-        {
-            dependencies = new DelegatedDependencyContainer(base.CreateChildDependencies(parent));
-            return dependencies;
-        }
+            => dependencies = new DelegatedDependencyContainer(base.CreateChildDependencies(parent));
 
         public override void SetUpSteps()
         {
@@ -62,9 +57,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.OnlinePlay
             AddStep("setup dependencies", () =>
             {
                 // Reset the room dependencies to a fresh state.
-                drawableDependenciesContainer.Clear();
                 dependencies.OnlinePlayDependencies = CreateOnlinePlayDependencies();
-                drawableDependenciesContainer.AddRange(OnlinePlayDependencies.DrawableComponents);
+                drawableDependenciesContainer.Clear();
+                drawableDependenciesContainer.AddRange(dependencies.OnlinePlayDependencies.DrawableComponents);
 
                 var handler = OnlinePlayDependencies.RequestsHandler;
 
@@ -106,7 +101,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.OnlinePlay
             /// <summary>
             /// The online play dependencies.
             /// </summary>
-            public OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies OnlinePlayDependencies { get; set; }
+            public OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies? OnlinePlayDependencies { get; set; }
 
             private readonly IReadOnlyDependencyContainer parent;
             private readonly DependencyContainer injectableDependencies;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies.cs
index 975423d19b..64bd27b871 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OnlinePlay/OnlinePlayTestSceneDependencies.cs
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual.OnlinePlay
             CacheAs(BeatmapLookupCache);
         }
 
-        public object Get(Type type)
+        public object? Get(Type type)
             => dependencies.Get(type);
 
-        public object Get(Type type, CacheInfo info)
+        public object? Get(Type type, CacheInfo info)
             => dependencies.Get(type, info);
 
         public void Inject<T>(T instance)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
index 947305439e..b86273b4a3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/OsuGameTestScene.cs
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
 
             public new Bindable<IReadOnlyList<Mod>> SelectedMods => base.SelectedMods;
 
+            public new Storage Storage => base.Storage;
+
             public new SpectatorClient SpectatorClient => base.SpectatorClient;
 
             // if we don't apply these changes, when running under nUnit the version that gets populated is that of nUnit.
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
             public TestOsuGame(Storage storage, IAPIProvider api, string[] args = null)
                 : base(args)
             {
-                Storage = storage;
+                base.Storage = storage;
                 API = api;
             }
 
@@ -178,6 +180,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
                 LocalConfig.SetValue(OsuSetting.ShowFirstRunSetup, false);
 
                 API.Login("Rhythm Champion", "osu!");
+                ((DummyAPIAccess)API).AuthenticateSecondFactor("abcdefgh");
 
                 Dependencies.Get<SessionStatics>().SetValue(Static.MutedAudioNotificationShownOnce, true);
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/SkinnableTestScene.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/SkinnableTestScene.cs
index f371cf721f..c9acfa0ee5 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/SkinnableTestScene.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/SkinnableTestScene.cs
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
 
         public IRenderer Renderer => host.Renderer;
         public AudioManager AudioManager => Audio;
-        public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null;
+        public IResourceStore<byte[]> Files => null!;
         public new IResourceStore<byte[]> Resources => base.Resources;
         public IResourceStore<TextureUpload> CreateTextureLoaderStore(IResourceStore<byte[]> underlyingStore) => host.CreateTextureLoaderStore(underlyingStore);
-        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null;
+        RealmAccess IStorageResourceProvider.RealmAccess => null!;
 
         #endregion
 
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/TestPlayer.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/TestPlayer.cs
index d9cae6b03b..579a1934e0 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/TestPlayer.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/Visual/TestPlayer.cs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests.Visual
             PauseOnFocusLost = pauseOnFocusLost;
         }
 
-        protected override bool HandleTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => false;
+        protected override bool ShouldExitOnTokenRetrievalFailure(Exception exception) => false;
 
         protected override APIRequest<APIScoreToken> CreateTokenRequest()
         {
diff --git a/osu.Game/Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs b/osu.Game/Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
index e04c71d193..1a9e03b2a4 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Tests/VisualTestRunner.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Tests
         [STAThread]
         public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu-development", new HostOptions { BindIPC = true, }))
+            using (DesktopGameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"osu-development"))
             {
                 host.Run(new OsuTestBrowser());
                 return 0;
diff --git a/osu.Game/Updater/SimpleUpdateManager.cs b/osu.Game/Updater/SimpleUpdateManager.cs
index bc1b0919b8..0f9d5b929f 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Updater/SimpleUpdateManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Updater/SimpleUpdateManager.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
     /// </summary>
     public partial class SimpleUpdateManager : UpdateManager
     {
-        private string version;
+        private string version = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private GameHost host { get; set; }
+        private GameHost host { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(OsuGameBase game)
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
                 version = version.Split('-').First();
                 string latestTagName = latest.TagName.Split('-').First();
 
-                if (latestTagName != version)
+                if (latestTagName != version && tryGetBestUrl(latest, out string? url))
                 {
                     Notifications.Post(new SimpleNotification
                     {
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
                         Icon = FontAwesome.Solid.Download,
                         Activated = () =>
                         {
-                            host.OpenUrlExternally(getBestUrl(latest));
+                            host.OpenUrlExternally(url);
                             return true;
                         }
                     });
@@ -74,9 +73,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
             return false;
         }
 
-        private string getBestUrl(GitHubRelease release)
+        private bool tryGetBestUrl(GitHubRelease release, [NotNullWhen(true)] out string? url)
         {
-            GitHubAsset bestAsset = null;
+            url = null;
+            GitHubAsset? bestAsset = null;
 
             switch (RuntimeInfo.OS)
             {
@@ -94,17 +94,23 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
                     break;
 
                 case RuntimeInfo.Platform.iOS:
-                    // iOS releases are available via testflight. this link seems to work well enough for now.
-                    // see https://stackoverflow.com/a/32960501
-                    return "itms-beta://beta.itunes.apple.com/v1/app/1447765923";
+                    if (release.Assets?.Exists(f => f.Name.EndsWith(".ipa", StringComparison.Ordinal)) == true)
+                        // iOS releases are available via testflight. this link seems to work well enough for now.
+                        // see https://stackoverflow.com/a/32960501
+                        url = "itms-beta://beta.itunes.apple.com/v1/app/1447765923";
+
+                    break;
 
                 case RuntimeInfo.Platform.Android:
-                    // on our testing device this causes the download to magically disappear.
-                    //bestAsset = release.Assets?.Find(f => f.Name.EndsWith(".apk"));
+                    if (release.Assets?.Exists(f => f.Name.EndsWith(".apk", StringComparison.Ordinal)) == true)
+                        // on our testing device using the .apk URL causes the download to magically disappear.
+                        url = release.HtmlUrl;
+
                     break;
             }
 
-            return bestAsset?.BrowserDownloadUrl ?? release.HtmlUrl;
+            url ??= bestAsset?.BrowserDownloadUrl;
+            return url != null;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/osu.Game/Updater/UpdateManager.cs b/osu.Game/Updater/UpdateManager.cs
index 190748137a..8f13e0f42a 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Updater/UpdateManager.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Updater/UpdateManager.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Overlays;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Notifications;
 using osuTK;
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
             public UpdateCompleteNotification(string version)
             {
                 this.version = version;
-                Text = $"You are now running osu! {version}.\nClick to see what's new!";
+                Text = NotificationsStrings.GameVersionAfterUpdate(version);
             }
 
             [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
         {
             public UpdateApplicationCompleteNotification()
             {
-                Text = @"Update ready to install. Click to restart!";
+                Text = NotificationsStrings.UpdateReadyToInstall;
             }
         }
 
@@ -166,13 +167,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Updater
             {
                 State = ProgressNotificationState.Active;
                 Progress = 0;
-                Text = @"Downloading update...";
+                Text = NotificationsStrings.DownloadingUpdate;
             }
 
             public void StartInstall()
             {
                 Progress = 0;
-                Text = @"Installing update...";
+                Text = NotificationsStrings.InstallingUpdate;
             }
 
             public void FailDownload()
diff --git a/osu.Game/Users/ExtendedUserPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Users/ExtendedUserPanel.cs
index 1359f5d792..e33fb7a44e 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Users/ExtendedUserPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Users/ExtendedUserPanel.cs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #nullable disable
 
-using osuTK;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions;
@@ -53,14 +52,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Users
             statusIcon.FinishTransforms();
         }
 
-        protected UpdateableAvatar CreateAvatar() => new UpdateableAvatar(User, false);
-
-        protected UpdateableFlag CreateFlag() => new UpdateableFlag(User.CountryCode)
-        {
-            Size = new Vector2(36, 26),
-            Action = Action,
-        };
-
         protected Container CreateStatusIcon() => statusIcon = new StatusIcon();
 
         protected FillFlowContainer CreateStatusMessage(bool rightAlignedChildren)
diff --git a/osu.Game/Users/UserGridPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Users/UserGridPanel.cs
index aac2315b2f..fce543415d 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Users/UserGridPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Users/UserGridPanel.cs
@@ -35,96 +35,84 @@ namespace osu.Game.Users
         {
             FillFlowContainer details;
 
-            var layout = new Container
+            var layout = new GridContainer
             {
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                 Padding = new MarginPadding(margin),
-                Child = new GridContainer
+                ColumnDimensions = new[]
                 {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                    new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                    new Dimension()
+                },
+                RowDimensions = new[]
+                {
+                    new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                    new Dimension()
+                },
+                Content = new[]
+                {
+                    new Drawable[]
                     {
-                        new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
-                        new Dimension()
-                    },
-                    RowDimensions = new[]
-                    {
-                        new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
-                        new Dimension(GridSizeMode.Absolute, margin),
-                        new Dimension()
-                    },
-                    Content = new[]
-                    {
-                        new Drawable[]
+                        CreateAvatar().With(avatar =>
                         {
-                            CreateAvatar().With(avatar =>
+                            avatar.Size = new Vector2(60);
+                            avatar.Masking = true;
+                            avatar.CornerRadius = 6;
+                            avatar.Margin = new MarginPadding { Bottom = margin };
+                        }),
+                        new GridContainer
+                        {
+                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = margin, Bottom = margin },
+                            ColumnDimensions = new[]
                             {
-                                avatar.Size = new Vector2(60);
-                                avatar.Masking = true;
-                                avatar.CornerRadius = 6;
-                            }),
-                            new Container
+                                new Dimension()
+                            },
+                            RowDimensions = new[]
                             {
-                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                                Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = margin },
-                                Child = new GridContainer
+                                new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                                new Dimension()
+                            },
+                            Content = new[]
+                            {
+                                new Drawable[]
                                 {
-                                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                                    ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                                    details = new FillFlowContainer
                                     {
-                                        new Dimension()
-                                    },
-                                    RowDimensions = new[]
-                                    {
-                                        new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
-                                        new Dimension()
-                                    },
-                                    Content = new[]
-                                    {
-                                        new Drawable[]
+                                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                        Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                                        Spacing = new Vector2(6),
+                                        Children = new Drawable[]
                                         {
-                                            details = new FillFlowContainer
-                                            {
-                                                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                                                Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
-                                                Spacing = new Vector2(6),
-                                                Children = new Drawable[]
-                                                {
-                                                    CreateFlag(),
-                                                }
-                                            }
-                                        },
-                                        new Drawable[]
-                                        {
-                                            CreateUsername().With(username =>
-                                            {
-                                                username.Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft;
-                                                username.Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft;
-                                            })
+                                            CreateFlag(),
+                                            // supporter icon is being added later
                                         }
                                     }
+                                },
+                                new Drawable[]
+                                {
+                                    CreateUsername().With(username =>
+                                    {
+                                        username.Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                                        username.Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                                    })
                                 }
                             }
-                        },
-                        new[]
-                        {
-                            Empty(),
-                            Empty()
-                        },
-                        new Drawable[]
-                        {
-                            CreateStatusIcon().With(icon =>
-                            {
-                                icon.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
-                                icon.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
-                            }),
-                            CreateStatusMessage(false).With(message =>
-                            {
-                                message.Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft;
-                                message.Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft;
-                                message.Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = margin };
-                            })
                         }
+                    },
+                    new Drawable[]
+                    {
+                        CreateStatusIcon().With(icon =>
+                        {
+                            icon.Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+                            icon.Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+                        }),
+                        CreateStatusMessage(false).With(message =>
+                        {
+                            message.Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                            message.Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                            message.Margin = new MarginPadding { Left = margin };
+                        })
                     }
                 }
             };
diff --git a/osu.Game/Users/UserPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Users/UserPanel.cs
index b6a77e754d..b88619c8b7 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Users/UserPanel.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Users/UserPanel.cs
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ using osu.Game.Localisation;
 using osu.Game.Online.Multiplayer;
 using osu.Game.Screens;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
+using osu.Game.Users.Drawables;
+using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Users
 {
@@ -77,23 +79,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Users
         {
             Masking = true;
 
-            AddRange(new[]
+            Add(new Box
             {
-                new Box
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Colour = ColourProvider?.Background5 ?? Colours.Gray1
-                },
-                Background = new UserCoverBackground
-                {
-                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
-                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
-                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
-                    User = User,
-                },
-                CreateLayout()
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                Colour = ColourProvider?.Background5 ?? Colours.Gray1
             });
 
+            var background = CreateBackground();
+            if (background != null)
+                Add(background);
+
+            Add(CreateLayout());
+
             base.Action = ViewProfile = () =>
             {
                 Action?.Invoke();
@@ -101,8 +98,21 @@ namespace osu.Game.Users
             };
         }
 
+        // TODO: this whole api is messy. half these Create methods are expected to by the implementation and half are implictly called.
+
         protected abstract Drawable CreateLayout();
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Panel background container. Can be null if a panel doesn't want a background under it's layout
+        /// </summary>
+        protected virtual Drawable? CreateBackground() => Background = new UserCoverBackground
+        {
+            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+            User = User
+        };
+
         protected OsuSpriteText CreateUsername() => new OsuSpriteText
         {
             Font = OsuFont.GetFont(size: 16, weight: FontWeight.Bold),
@@ -110,6 +120,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Users
             Text = User.Username,
         };
 
+        protected UpdateableAvatar CreateAvatar() => new UpdateableAvatar(User, false);
+
+        protected UpdateableFlag CreateFlag() => new UpdateableFlag(User.CountryCode)
+        {
+            Size = new Vector2(36, 26),
+            Action = Action,
+        };
+
         public MenuItem[] ContextMenuItems
         {
             get
diff --git a/osu.Game/Users/UserRankPanel.cs b/osu.Game/Users/UserRankPanel.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84ff3114fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Users/UserRankPanel.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.LocalisationExtensions;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Game.Online.API;
+using osu.Game.Online.API.Requests.Responses;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Profile.Header.Components;
+using osu.Game.Resources.Localisation.Web;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Users
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// User card that shows user's global and country ranks in the bottom.
+    /// Meant to be used in the toolbar login overlay.
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class UserRankPanel : UserPanel
+    {
+        private const int padding = 10;
+        private const int main_content_height = 80;
+
+        [Resolved]
+        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
+
+        private ProfileValueDisplay globalRankDisplay = null!;
+        private ProfileValueDisplay countryRankDisplay = null!;
+
+        private readonly IBindable<UserStatistics?> statistics = new Bindable<UserStatistics?>();
+
+        public UserRankPanel(APIUser user)
+            : base(user)
+        {
+            AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y;
+            CornerRadius = 10;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            BorderColour = ColourProvider?.Light1 ?? Colours.GreyVioletLighter;
+
+            statistics.BindTo(api.Statistics);
+            statistics.BindValueChanged(stats =>
+            {
+                globalRankDisplay.Content = stats.NewValue?.GlobalRank?.ToLocalisableString("\\##,##0") ?? "-";
+                countryRankDisplay.Content = stats.NewValue?.CountryRank?.ToLocalisableString("\\##,##0") ?? "-";
+            }, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override Drawable CreateLayout()
+        {
+            FillFlowContainer details;
+
+            var layout = new Container
+            {
+                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                Children = new Drawable[]
+                {
+                    new Container
+                    {
+                        Name = "Main content",
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                        Height = main_content_height,
+                        CornerRadius = 10,
+                        Masking = true,
+                        Children = new Drawable[]
+                        {
+                            new UserCoverBackground
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                                Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                                User = User,
+                                Alpha = 0.3f
+                            },
+                            new GridContainer
+                            {
+                                RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                Padding = new MarginPadding(padding),
+                                ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                                {
+                                    new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                                    new Dimension(),
+                                },
+                                RowDimensions = new[]
+                                {
+                                    new Dimension()
+                                },
+                                Content = new[]
+                                {
+                                    new Drawable[]
+                                    {
+                                        CreateAvatar().With(avatar =>
+                                        {
+                                            avatar.Size = new Vector2(60);
+                                            avatar.Masking = true;
+                                            avatar.CornerRadius = 6;
+                                        }),
+                                        new GridContainer
+                                        {
+                                            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                            Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = padding },
+                                            ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                                            {
+                                                new Dimension()
+                                            },
+                                            RowDimensions = new[]
+                                            {
+                                                new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize),
+                                                new Dimension()
+                                            },
+                                            Content = new[]
+                                            {
+                                                new Drawable[]
+                                                {
+                                                    details = new FillFlowContainer
+                                                    {
+                                                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
+                                                        Direction = FillDirection.Horizontal,
+                                                        Spacing = new Vector2(6),
+                                                        Children = new Drawable[]
+                                                        {
+                                                            CreateFlag(),
+                                                            // supporter icon is being added later
+                                                        }
+                                                    }
+                                                },
+                                                new Drawable[]
+                                                {
+                                                    CreateUsername().With(username =>
+                                                    {
+                                                        username.Anchor = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                                                        username.Origin = Anchor.CentreLeft;
+                                                    })
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new GridContainer
+                    {
+                        Name = "Bottom content",
+                        Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = main_content_height },
+                        RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                        AutoSizeAxes = Axes.Y,
+                        Padding = new MarginPadding { Left = 80, Vertical = padding },
+                        ColumnDimensions = new[]
+                        {
+                            new Dimension(),
+                            new Dimension()
+                        },
+                        RowDimensions = new[] { new Dimension(GridSizeMode.AutoSize) },
+                        Content = new[]
+                        {
+                            new Drawable[]
+                            {
+                                globalRankDisplay = new ProfileValueDisplay(true)
+                                {
+                                    Title = UsersStrings.ShowRankGlobalSimple,
+                                },
+                                countryRankDisplay = new ProfileValueDisplay(true)
+                                {
+                                    Title = UsersStrings.ShowRankCountrySimple,
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            if (User.IsSupporter)
+            {
+                details.Add(new SupporterIcon
+                {
+                    Height = 26,
+                    SupportLevel = User.SupportLevel
+                });
+            }
+
+            return layout;
+        }
+
+        protected override bool OnHover(HoverEvent e)
+        {
+            BorderThickness = 2;
+            return base.OnHover(e);
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnHoverLost(HoverLostEvent e)
+        {
+            BorderThickness = 0;
+            base.OnHoverLost(e);
+        }
+
+        protected override Drawable? CreateBackground() => null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Utils/FileUtils.cs b/osu.Game/Utils/FileUtils.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..063ab178f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osu.Game/Utils/FileUtils.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Utils
+{
+    public static class FileUtils
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempt an IO operation multiple times and only throw if none of the attempts succeed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="action">The action to perform.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The provided state.</param>
+        /// <param name="attempts">The number of attempts (250ms wait between each).</param>
+        /// <param name="throwOnFailure">Whether to throw an exception on failure. If <c>false</c>, will silently fail.</param>
+        public static bool AttemptOperation<T>(Action<T> action, T state, int attempts = 10, bool throwOnFailure = true)
+        {
+            while (true)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    action(state);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                catch (Exception)
+                {
+                    if (attempts-- == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (throwOnFailure)
+                            throw;
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Thread.Sleep(250);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempt an IO operation multiple times and only throw if none of the attempts succeed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="action">The action to perform.</param>
+        /// <param name="attempts">The number of attempts (250ms wait between each).</param>
+        /// <param name="throwOnFailure">Whether to throw an exception on failure. If <c>false</c>, will silently fail.</param>
+        public static bool AttemptOperation(Action action, int attempts = 10, bool throwOnFailure = true)
+        {
+            while (true)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    action();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                catch (Exception)
+                {
+                    if (attempts-- == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (throwOnFailure)
+                            throw;
+
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Thread.Sleep(250);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs b/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
index 252579a186..2c9eef41e3 100644
--- a/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
+++ b/osu.Game/Utils/ModUtils.cs
@@ -229,6 +229,38 @@ namespace osu.Game.Utils
             return proposedWereValid;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Verifies all mods provided belong to the given ruleset.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ruleset">The ruleset to check the proposed mods against.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedMods">The mods proposed for checking.</param>
+        /// <returns>Whether all <paramref name="proposedMods"/> belong to the given <paramref name="ruleset"/>.</returns>
+        public static bool CheckModsBelongToRuleset(Ruleset ruleset, IEnumerable<Mod> proposedMods)
+        {
+            var rulesetModsTypes = ruleset.AllMods.Select(m => m.GetType()).ToList();
+
+            foreach (var proposedMod in proposedMods)
+            {
+                bool found = false;
+
+                var proposedModType = proposedMod.GetType();
+
+                foreach (var rulesetModType in rulesetModsTypes)
+                {
+                    if (rulesetModType.IsAssignableFrom(proposedModType))
+                    {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!found)
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Given a value of a score multiplier, returns a string version with special handling for a value near 1.00x.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj b/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
index a4aef97196..cbec9b49dc 100644
--- a/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
+++ b/osu.Game/osu.Game.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <LangVersion>10</LangVersion>
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
     <PackageReference Include="AutoMapper" Version="12.0.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="DiffPlex" Version="1.7.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="HtmlAgilityPack" Version="1.11.54" />
+    <PackageReference Include="HtmlAgilityPack" Version="1.11.57" />
     <PackageReference Include="Humanizer" Version="2.14.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="MessagePack" Version="2.5.129" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client" Version="7.0.12" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.MessagePack" Version="7.0.12" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.NewtonsoftJson" Version="7.0.12" />
+    <PackageReference Include="MessagePack" Version="2.5.140" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client" Version="7.0.15" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.MessagePack" Version="7.0.15" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.NewtonsoftJson" Version="7.0.15" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.Core" Version="7.0.12" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" Version="7.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Toolkit.HighPerformance" Version="7.1.2" />
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
     </PackageReference>
     <PackageReference Include="Realm" Version="11.5.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework" Version="2024.113.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2023.1228.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Sentry" Version="3.40.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework" Version="2024.217.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2024.207.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Sentry" Version="3.41.3" />
     <!-- Held back due to 0.34.0 failing AOT compilation on ZstdSharp.dll dependency. -->
-    <PackageReference Include="SharpCompress" Version="0.33.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
-    <PackageReference Include="SQLitePCLRaw.bundle_e_sqlite3" Version="2.1.6" />
+    <PackageReference Include="SharpCompress" Version="0.36.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.14.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="SQLitePCLRaw.bundle_e_sqlite3" Version="2.1.7" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.ComponentModel.Annotations" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="TagLibSharp" Version="2.3.0" />
 
diff --git a/osu.iOS.props b/osu.iOS.props
index 9afeaf7338..f23debd38f 100644
--- a/osu.iOS.props
+++ b/osu.iOS.props
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@
     <RuntimeIdentifier>iossimulator-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.iOS" Version="2024.113.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.iOS" Version="2024.217.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/300076680-5cbe0121-ed68-414f-9ddc-dd993ac97e62.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/300076680-5cbe0121-ed68-414f-9ddc-dd993ac97e62.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9287a71040
Binary files /dev/null and b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/300076680-5cbe0121-ed68-414f-9ddc-dd993ac97e62.png differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
index af4b103867..29df54b400 100644
--- a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
+++ b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
@@ -1 +1,14 @@
-{"images":[{"size":"20x20","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneNotification2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"20x20","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneNotification3x.png","scale":"3x"},{"size":"29x29","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneSettings2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"29x29","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneSettings3x.png","scale":"3x"},{"size":"40x40","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneSpotlight2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"40x40","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneSpotlight3x.png","scale":"3x"},{"size":"60x60","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneApp2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"60x60","idiom":"iphone","filename":"iPhoneApp3x.png","scale":"3x"},{"size":"20x20","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadNotification1x.png","scale":"1x"},{"size":"20x20","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadNotification2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"29x29","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadSettings1x.png","scale":"1x"},{"size":"29x29","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadSettings2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"40x40","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadSpotlight1x.png","scale":"1x"},{"size":"40x40","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadSpotlight2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"76x76","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadApp1x.png","scale":"1x"},{"size":"76x76","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadApp2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"83.5x83.5","idiom":"ipad","filename":"iPadProApp2x.png","scale":"2x"},{"size":"1024x1024","idiom":"ios-marketing","filename":"iOSAppStore.png","scale":"1x"}],"info":{"version":1,"author":"xcode"}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "filename" : "300076680-5cbe0121-ed68-414f-9ddc-dd993ac97e62.png",
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "platform" : "ios",
+      "size" : "1024x1024"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iOSAppStore.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iOSAppStore.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e8bb029bc..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iOSAppStore.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp1x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp1x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 42fead2364..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp1x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 785db50cb2..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadApp2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification1x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification1x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c483a0a7a..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification1x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index a45b01b91c..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadNotification2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadProApp2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadProApp2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index d2ba8f3a7e..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadProApp2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings1x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings1x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 43d577040e..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings1x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ebec1390b..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSettings2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight1x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight1x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index a45b01b91c..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight1x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 717603dd68..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPadSpotlight2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b61c09db5..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp3x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp3x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 78ef8d12b7..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneApp3x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index a45b01b91c..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification3x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification3x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 46ddf1179d..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneNotification3x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ebec1390b..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings3x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings3x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index a8145f0246..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSettings3x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight2x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight2x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 717603dd68..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight2x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight3x.png b/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight3x.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b61c09db5..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/iPhoneSpotlight3x.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork b/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork
deleted file mode 100644
index 1939459992..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork@2x b/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork@2x
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e8bb029bc..0000000000
Binary files a/osu.iOS/iTunesArtwork@2x and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/osu.iOS/osu.iOS.csproj b/osu.iOS/osu.iOS.csproj
index 2d61b73125..19c0c610b5 100644
--- a/osu.iOS/osu.iOS.csproj
+++ b/osu.iOS/osu.iOS.csproj
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup Label="Project">
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0-ios</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-ios</TargetFramework>
     <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>13.4</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <UseMauiEssentials>true</UseMauiEssentials>
     <Version>0.1.0</Version>
     <ApplicationVersion Condition=" '$(ApplicationVersion)' == '' ">$(Version)</ApplicationVersion>
     <ApplicationDisplayVersion Condition=" '$(ApplicationDisplayVersion)' == '' ">$(Version)</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
@@ -16,4 +15,7 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko\osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Essentials" Version="8.0.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/osu.sln.DotSettings b/osu.sln.DotSettings
index c8c5d6745c..ef557cbbfc 100644
--- a/osu.sln.DotSettings
+++ b/osu.sln.DotSettings
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=CompareOfFloatsByEqualityOperator/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertClosureToMethodGroup/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertConditionalTernaryExpressionToSwitchExpression/@EntryIndexedValue">DO_NOT_SHOW</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertConstructorToMemberInitializers/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertIfDoToWhile/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertIfStatementToConditionalTernaryExpression/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertIfStatementToNullCoalescingAssignment/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToConstant_002ELocal/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToLambdaExpression/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToLocalFunction/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToPrimaryConstructor/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToStaticClass/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertToUsingDeclaration/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ConvertTypeCheckPatternToNullCheck/@EntryIndexedValue">DO_NOT_SHOW</s:String>
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantImmediateDelegateInvocation/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantLambdaSignatureParentheses/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantReadonlyModifier/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantTypeDeclarationBody/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantTypeSpecificationInDefaultExpression/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantLinebreak/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=RedundantSpace/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
@@ -251,6 +254,7 @@
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UnusedType_002EGlobal/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseAwaitUsing/@EntryIndexedValue">DO_NOT_SHOW</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseCollectionCountProperty/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseCollectionExpression/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseConfigureAwaitFalseForAsyncDisposable/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseFormatSpecifierInFormatString/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseFormatSpecifierInInterpolation/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
@@ -263,6 +267,7 @@
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseObjectOrCollectionInitializer/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UsePatternMatching/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseStringInterpolation/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=UseUtf8StringLiteral/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=VariableCanBeMadeConst/@EntryIndexedValue">WARNING</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=VirtualMemberCallInConstructor/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=VirtualMemberNeverOverridden_002EGlobal/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
@@ -1036,4 +1041,5 @@ private void load()
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/UserDictionary/Words/=Unplayed/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean>
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/UserDictionary/Words/=Unproxy/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean>
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/UserDictionary/Words/=Unranked/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean>
+	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/UserDictionary/Words/=Welford_0027s/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean>
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/UserDictionary/Words/=Zoomable/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean></wpf:ResourceDictionary>